PT7998U - MEASURING INSTRUMENT - Google Patents

Description

-9.SET.I988 60,057

1 center, two semi-circles, one open to serve as a transformer and the other closed, with the half-arc drilled every 5 degrees. 5 10 15

On the reverse, these elements are repeatedly graded with the following plus scales: A scale of inches and a scaling scale. The operation of the referred instrument simplifies several construction and evaluation processes, also providing the miter- ging of the drawings themselves, according to the following examples: LINES:

Mod 71 - 10 000 βχ - 4-87 25

Due to the arrangement of the parallelly graduated rulers of the present measuring instrument, any geometrically relative lines: perpendicular, vertical, parallel or oblique can easily be drawn, and it is still easy to determine the division of a line segment into equal parts. ANGLES s The use of the circumference (3) of the new measuring instrument is sufficient to obtain the construction or evaluation of any angle. The circumference 3 has an open half-circle 3a (protractor) and another closed half circle (3b), but perforated every 5 degrees to gradually allow the marking of points corresponding to the magnitude of the desired angle. For example, to obtain an obtuse angle at 130 °, one point (g) is marked at the center of the circumference, another at the zero location of the arc and another at the degree 130 °. By joining these 3 points with line segments we have the desired angle.

One can also obtain the bisector of any of the two groups. 1988

1 or angle coinciding the vertex of the angle with the center of the circumference. Then, the center of the angle amplitude (in relation to the circumference) is marked, a line segment is drawn from the vertex to the center of said magnitude, thus obtaining the bisector. TRIANGLES; (a) for angles: and

This same process can be used in relation to the triangles. For example, if we want to obtain an obtuse triangle it is enough to jingle the ends of the sides of the angle previously constructed;

Mod 71 - 10 000 ex - 4-87 20 b) for sides: Triangles can also be constructed with one of the " four-squares " of the measuring instrument. For example, an isesceles triangle (two equal sides): two equal line segments are drawn at one of the four-frame angles. Since the side opposite the right angle is greater than any of the others, we obtain the isesceles triangle. In order to obtain the scalene triangle (all unequal sides), one of the squares can be used, constructed from a right angle with two unequal sides, so that the right-angled side is also unequal. TRIANGLE 0CTANGLE-EQUILÁTER0; SQUARE AND ANY REGULAR POLYGON:

To obtain any of these regular polygons simply divide the 360 ° of the circumference by the number of sides of the respective polygon. Then, by joining the points of the respective divisions, one obtains the desired polygon. For example: if one intends to construct an octogon, dividing the 3 ^ 0 ° by 8, it is equal to 45 ° * In each division marks points through the perforations in the - h - 30 60.057 4-87 χ ο ο 2 - 9 SET. 1988 1 circumference. By joining these points with recta segments, we obtain the octagon. RECTANGLES 5 Using one of the " quad-squares " 2 perpendicular segments of line are consecutively drawn with the measures of unequal length and width. A point with the same great deity of one side is marked on one of the oppositely parallel struts. Using one of the rulers, this point is connected to the end of the opposite straight line.

Draw a line from this end to the point corresponding to the length of the opposite side. * By joining the other side, you get the rectangle. 5 LOSANGO? 20

In order to construct a diamond, it is enough to draw 2 crossed and unequal perpendiculars, based on the diameter and radius, we obtain perpendicular lines (e-quidistant 2 to 2 of the center of the circumference). By joining the ends of these lines, one obtains the diamond. TRAPEZES? 25 30

For the construction of trapezoids one of the Mquadri-squares is used ". For example? to construct a rectangular trapezoid with 5 cm of base, 3 cm of height and k cm of upper side, the base and height are first traced through one of the angles of " quadri-square ". Then, at the height end, with the other angle of the " four-squared " a straight line segment parallel to the base 4 cm long is drawn. Finally, plot the other side.

CIRCUMFERENCES

To determine a circumference,

This instrument is drawn by tracing the half-arc through the protractor, marking the center and a point at the tangent of the radius. Then, by placing the protractor (4) in the opposite position to coincide with the center and the point of the previously marked tangency, the other half-arc is drawn. NOTE8 For other circumferences of magnitude different from that of this instrument, of course, it will be necessary to use a compass.

INCH-FOOT SCALE 15 71 - 10 000 ex - 4-87 or 2 20 25

These English measures are necessarily used throughout the world, both in industry (especially in civil construction) and in commerce, to measure pipe diameter and determine the volume of wood. However, their use is very uncertain and divergent because they are not included in the Portuguese metric system.

There may be an excuse that their use is not compulsory, but it is certain that such measures appear on the invoices of imports from commercially predominant countries. For this reason, these measures are used in importers' offices, sawmills, workshops and all activities related to civil construction.

Thus it is advantageous to include in this instru- ment an inch-foot scale and some examples are given for its application. The said scale has 12 inches 304.8mm ·· equal to a linear foot.

These measures are very susceptible to error, because they are sometimes confused, indistinctly between measurements of length, surface measurements and volume measurements; - 6 - 30 10 15

Mod 71-10,000 ex-4-87 20 25 30 60,057 SET. 1988

For example 1 foot of wood is a quan-square parallelepiped with 12 inches at the edge of the base and 1 inch at the edge of the height. Thus, in volume measurements, given that 1 inch corresponds to 25.4 mm, temoss (12 x 25.4) x (12 x 25.4) x 25.4 * 2.36 dm 3. It will soon be seen that one foot of wood equals 2.36 dm3. Now let's look at the same beads in inches-feet. We have the same parallelepiped with 12 inches of the edge of the base and 1 inch of the edge of the height. So 12 x 12 x 1, 144 inches, equal to 1 foot. For this reason it is verified that, in order to obtain 1 foot, it was necessary to divide 1444 by 144. It is therefore concluded that in order to obtain any wooden feet, based on the measurement in inches, we must multiply? length by width and this result by height and finally divide by 144. Or if the number 144 becomes a fixed divisor, to find the quotient in feet. STANDARD WOOD In other times, boards were usually cut 12 inches wide and one inch high in practice was called inch or standing wood. So, based on these measures, many carpenters, even illiterate, still know how to do these accounts. But, at present, the wood is cut into several sizes, so it is necessary to

of these measures and accounts.

Some importers and technicians use the PÊ-POLEGADA system to measure wood. This is multiply the length by the width of the base in feet and then multiply this result by the height, in inches.

For example a lot of wood is 3 feet wide, 8 feet long and 20 inches tall. So we have% 3 x 8 x 20 = 480 Feet. 10

By another process, can the same amount of wood be measured in inches? (3 x 12) x (8 x 12) x x 20 s 144 - 480 Feet.

As has been shown, the result is the 15th month.

Mod, 71-10,000 βχ- 4-87 20 25 30 35

But if instead of exact feet, such measurements end in inches, we must use the last formula presented. For example another batch of wood was 2 feet 7 inches wide, 7 feet long and 10 inches tall. In this case we have to use all measures in inches or inches Width - 2 feet and 7 inches = (2 x 12) + + 7 to 31 inchesj Length - 7 feet = 7 x 12 = 84 inches: Height - 10 inches. So we have 31 x 84 x 10 = 180.83 feet, EQUIVALENTS WITH THE VOLUME MEASURES? - 1 foot equal to 2.36 cm3? - 423, 728 feet correspond to 1 m3. Thus, to find the equivalence of 60.057 -9.SET.iS88

Any number of feet in cubic meters or vice versa, the number 423, 728 is used as the divider and multiplier, respectively.

For example a trader imported 1,500 feet of wood. When you want to know the equivalence in cubic meters, you divided the thousand feet by 423,728.

Another trader sold 2 m3 of wood. But since the price was determined at the foot, he had to know the said quantity as many feet as he had. In this case, multiplied that number by 423,728. TUBE MEASUREMENT (DIAMETER)

Mod 71-10,000 βχ- 4-87

To know the measurement in inches of a tube simply measure its inner diameter by the respective scale.

SCRIPTURE SCALE 20 The bookkeeping scale represented on the back of the template is intended to guide any clerk in the preparation of documents. This scale is defined by the dimensions of a sheet of paper A4 (21 X 29.7), bounded by a trace (6) which is distant from the base of the instrument 7,8 mm, with perforations in the following references:

Refs - These drillings indicate the beginning, the end and minimum margins for archiving, in the writings where there is a need for maximum use of the paper in case of invoices, maps, etc .;

Ref & 2a - Indicate the beginning and the regulatory margins of various writings: letters, letters, etc .;

Ref - 3a - Regulates the beginning and the margins of the optional documents between plain paper and A4 plain paper: applications, contracts, certificates, etc. - 9 - 30 60.057 -9 SET. > ϋ88 10 15

Mod 71 - 10 000 θχ -4-87 20 25 30

Ref ^ 4a - Determines the page end of the documents in references 2a and 3a. -REIVINDICATIONS- 1. - Measuring instrument of rectangular guiding format that integrates several measuring elements. It can be made of paper, paperboard, plastic, celluloid, wood or metal and in various sizes, characterized by the following elements: - a rectangular quadripar ), outer, with four rulers (a - b) in parallel graduated in centimeters (represented by dashes) and millimeters; - a quadrangular quadrangle (2), inner, open, with four other rulers (c) also graduated as the foregoing (a-b) and cumulatively parallel to each other and the outer ones (a-b); elements: a graduated circumference (3) with the following (a) a diameter (d) graduated in centimeters (represented by dashes) and millimeters, dividing 2 semi-circles, one open (4) serving as a protractor and another closed ( (B) a radius (e) also graduated and perpendicular to the diameter and drilled from centimeter to centimeter (represented by dashes), (c) a point (f) to define the center; a scale of inches-feet; and a bookkeeping scale. 35 1 60,057 2 ^. A measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that it accumulates a series of measuring elements on a new, more economical, easy-to-use product and for providing simpler processes in various activities such as: (a) squaring, constructing and evaluating any geometric figures; 10 b) Elucidation on the inch-foot scale and its respective use in the measurement and evaluation of lumber and pipe diameters; c) References relating to a bookkeeping scale intended to guide any typist - clerk in the preparation of various documents.

Mod 71 - 10 000 θχ - 4-87 25 30

Lisbon, -9 $ ET. 1888

By JOSÉ PERESTRELO NÓIA 0 OFFICIAL AGENT

= 11-

Claims (1)

-9SET.S88 FIGURE 1 (France) and is & è- 9 SET.EBB 1 2