LU86735A1 - PROCESS FOR PRODUCING PLANCTONIC CRUSTACEANS, PRODUCT OBTAINED AND APPLICATION THEREOF - Google Patents

Abstract

The populations of crustacea, algae and bacteria are maintained at a stage of dynamic reproduction and growth and the crustacea produced are harvested batchwise or continuously by filtering machines, the amount caught and the sizes harvested being adapted to the stage of development of the plankton populations. Organic substances in solution or in suspension, which can be assimilated by the planktonic crustacea, are absorbed wholly or partially on mineral particles taken in by the crustacea. The plankton is used as it is or as a composite food for feeding and rearing fish, or for feeding poultry or livestock.

Description

f „; ~ Γ'ϊ GRAND-DUCHÉ DE LUXEMBOURG BL-3985 / vdw Jî »Patent Ν ° v * '* t

Minister ; January 15, 1987 · Economy and Movennes Qasses! * ÄS Intellectual Property Service

j I Kp LUXEMBOURG

sç. +. nj) eman ^ e (I Patent of invention; η · / ζ ^ · ____________________________________, ......__................... .............. _.............___________________________ (1) ^ I. Application

Dr ... Jean-Paul HETZ., ....... J rue Bertholet, .1233 Luxembourg__________________________ (2) represented by Freylinger Ernes t .... T & Meyers Ernest., ......... ....................................

ing.cons.en propr.ind., 46 rue du Cimetière, Luxembourg, ................................. ..

---------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------- --------—----------------------------------------- ------------------------------- (3) acting as agents________________________________________ ___________________________ deposit (s) this „.quinze, janvier nineteen, one hundred ...... eighty sept .________ (4) at ..... 3:00 p.m., at the Ministry of the Economy and Average Qasses, in Luxembourg: 1. this request for obtaining an invention patent concerning: ------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------ (5) ".... .. Process for the production of crustaceans ...... planktonic, ................................... ................

product obtained and its application ”___________________ ___ 2. the description in French ...................... language ........... of the invention in three copies: 3 ...................... /. / ............-..... .. ............ drawing plates, in three copies: 4. the receipt of the taxes paid to the Registration Office in Luxembourg, 15-1-1987 ...... ...........................: 5. the delegation of power, dated ............. ...... Luxembourg ........................... ______ 14—1—1987 ........... ............; 6. the successor document (authorization); declares (s) assuming responsibility for this declaration, that the inventor (s) is (are): (6) ..... Dr ........ Jean-Paul METZ ,. ....... 7 ...... rue Bertholet, .. 1233 ....... Luxembourg .__________________________________ claims (s) for the above patent application the priority of one (or more) application (s) s) of (7) ............................................ ................ // .....-.......................... ................... ............................... .... filed in (8) _____________________________________________________________________________________ on (9) ................................. ................... // -............................ .................................................. ......................................-........... .................................................- .................................................. ....

under N ° (10) ..........................._. // ............ .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ...........................

in the name of (11) ..................................... / .. / ... .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ......................

elect (elect) domicile for him / her and, if designated, for his / her representative, in Luxembourg_______________________________________________________ 4.6 ....... rue ....... du ...... Cemetery ..... .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ...... (12) requests (s) the grant of a patent for the invention for the subject described and represented in the abovementioned appendices, with postponement of this grant to eighteen ________________________________________. „. Months. (13)

Jcxdé ^ csxix / agents ^ _________________________________________________________________________________________ (14) MEYSÏtS Ernest Π. Deposit Minutes

The above application for a patent for invention has been filed with the Ministry of Economy and Middle Classes, Intellectual Property Service in Luxembourg, dated: January 15, 1987 /> · 'r · ,.

// - f ί / - \. Pr. The Minister of the United Ecom and the Middle Classes, at 3 p.m. ..... i hours! / l :: \. ί fr.d.

\ 'S. d The head of the intellectual property department, 4. _ // _ / 1 'A EXPLANATION RELATING TO THE DEPOSIT FORM.

- U "Vil va lieu" Request for certificate due to the main patent, to the main patent application No ............ of ............ (2 linsenre the Dom. first name, profeswon.

address of the applicant. when it is; an individual or corporate name, legal form, address of the head office, when the applicant is a legal person - (31 enter the name, first name, address of the representative 2ziéé. industrial property attorney, with the power of soédaLVil will take place: "renrésemé oar ... ........ aeissant en mandataire 'Λ BL-3985 / vdw * DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY filed in support of a PATENT INVENTION APPLICATION in Luxembourg" Production process planktonic crustaceans, product obtained and its application "

Dr. Jean-Paul METZ 7 rue Bertholet 1233 Luxembourg ff "\ - *‘

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING PLANCTONIC CRUSTACEANS, PRODUCT OBTAINED AND APPLICATION THEREOF

05 Object of the invention

The present invention essentially relates to the production of planktonic crustaceans of high nutritional value and this preferably from waste and waste water of domestic and / or industrial origin.

It is known in fact that many species of fish and crustaceans accept with difficulty dried foods and other food compositions. In addition, if certain species accept such foods, there is a high mortality due to the disruption of habits resulting in a lack of palatability for the animal and food deficiencies.

There is therefore a need for food which comes almost entirely from what constitutes the natural food of the different animal species.

The invention therefore also relates to the treatment of the products obtained by the process of the invention for their preservation with a view to their use as food for farm animals and / or industrial raw material.

The process of the invention can be implemented in particular in lagoon ponds downstream of treatment plants, ballast pits and ponds near agro-food industries or industrial farms, eutrophied lakes and ponds.

As a result of the purification of water following the filtering action of crustaceans, the process of the invention therefore offers both an elegant solution to the production of a useful food material while at the same time.

♦ 'i 2 providing effective water purification. The added value resulting from the sale of the food product obtained, therefore makes it possible to purify water at a lower cost which is currently often discarded as is # for lack of appropriate financial means.

Character-defining elements of the invention

Although the interest of plankton as a food material # in particular for fish # has been known for a long time # no industrial process has been successful yet.

This probably results from the fact that the development of planktonic crustaceans was not sufficient to ensure the profitability of the process.

The Applicant has observed that it is important that the populations of crustaceans, algae and bacteria are maintained in a stage of dynamic reproduction and growth and that the crustaceans produced are re-coitiated in batch or continuously by filtering machines. . The level of catch and the sizes harvested are adapted to the stage of development of the planktonic populations, in order to optimize production.

An essential element for achieving these conditions is that the organic substances in solution or in suspension assimilable by planktonic crustaceans are adsorbed in whole or in part on mineral particles admitted by crustaceans. Rocks from fossilized phytoplankton have been found to be particularly effective for this purpose. They are in particular fossil rocks of the coccolithic chalk type existing in particular in quarries.

It is of course preferable to select by conventional techniques strains of crustaceans 35 which are very resistant to pollution # rapid growth # of large final size in order to facilitate harvesting. These crustaceans, filtering and digesting bacteria.

3 fi. / * unicellular algae and inert organic particles, greatly improve water quality.

Among the industrial residues assimilated by these crustaceans, let us cite the following: blood and serum, yeast, poultry and poultry manure, rice and cereal bran, flours, milk and whey, organic effluents from sugar refineries, slaughterhouses, dairies, breweries, domestic sewers. Some of this waste is directly filtered, others are used by bacteria, yeasts, algae which are in turn ingested by the crustaceans. The organic substances in solution are filtered after adsorption on the above-mentioned fossil rock particles.

It should be noted that bodies of water which contain such effluents do not generally allow the survival of the fish and that, as a result, the plankton obtained is free of pathogens and parasites for the fish.

The technique used therefore essentially consists of cultivating planktonic crustaceans in nutritive media of the type mentioned in the presence of fossil rocks and of harvesting plankton continuously or discontinuously by filtration, the level of capture and the sizes harvested being adapted to the stage of development of planktonic populations.

Advantageously, the harvested product is stored using different techniques, depending on demand from the different markets:

Among these techniques, we can cite: 30 a) freezing s frozen zooplankton is used for feeding larvae and fry of fish and crustaceans in freshwater aquaculture farms (trout, salmon, grayling, huchon, black bass , pike, sturgeon, ornamental and aquarium fish, screed 35 screws, deer) and sea water (sea bass, sea bream, turbot, dolphin fish, pompano, lobster, shrimp) .Zooplankton is accepted by all ele- / 4 J species.

1> / • vêes of which it constitutes the natural food. Its biochemical composition harmonizes perfectly with the digestive enzymes of these species, thus giving growth and survival performances far greater than those achieved with artificial foods.

b) Osmo-conservation: the osmo-onserved zooplankton in the form of semi-liquid puree can be stored at room temperature, which facilitates its sale in aquarium stores and its use by fish farmers. The addition of osmo-conserved zooplankton to compound feeds can be considered.

Osmo-preservation is carried out by the addition of sodium chloride and antioxidants such as ascorbic acid. A sodium chloride content of 15 to 20% is sufficient to stabilize the zooplankton and to protect it against the processes of bacterial and / or biochemical degradation.

c) desiccation; the harvested zooplankton is stabilized and protected by the addition of 25 to 33% of alcohol (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, etc.), of the same proportion of acetone or from 3 to 4% of formaldehyde. The liquid puree thus obtained can be stored for prolonged periods. The drying takes place after ta-25 misage and / or centrifugation, under vacuum or at atmospheric pressure, with or without recovery of the added organic solvents. The drying temperature does not exceed 60 degrees C. Desiccation can also be carried out from fresh plankton, without the prior addition of solvents or preservatives. However, the quality of the dry product is improved in appreciable proportions by the addition of solvents. A product with a very special structure, in which the planktonic organisms remain isolated and recognizable, can be obtained by extraction of the fat by means of alcohols and / or acetone.

Dried zooplankton is an additive of very 5

V

r: \ great value for compound feed for salmonids and other farmed fish. Its tenepr in natural carotenoids, and in particular in astaxanthin, makes possible the pigmentation (salmonization) of the 05 trout and salmon, while the use of synthetic can-thaxanthin is prohibited in most countries. Dry zooplankton contains around 70% protein that is easily digestible by freshwater and sea fish.

D) ensilage: the addition of 5 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid and 20 g of potassium pyrosulfite per kg of fresh zooplankton gives a liquid product which contains approximately 6% of crude protein. This liquid is stable at room temperature and is very suitable for making dry or wet compound foods.

The most interesting markets at present are those which pay the highest price per kg of wet weight, therefore those which buy the frozen product and the osmo-preserved product (aquaculture and aquariophi-20 lie).

In the event of significant zooplankton production (production exceeding the level of 1,000 tonnes / year), the compound feed market for fish fattening is also interesting. Zooplankton süb-25 easily settles in fishmeal, while giving better growth and improved health. Its potential for feeding poultry and livestock is worth exploring.

By way of illustration of an embodiment of the technique of the invention, this will be described using the following example.

Example 35 A production of 80,000 to 100,000 kg per year is ensured in a pond of 150,000 m ^ fed by discharges partially purified from an agglomeration of 15,000 h 6 r.

inhabitants (wet weight figures of drained crustaceans). Wastewater is treated by sedimentation before entering the pond. A surface agitator type ventilation system is started in the event of an oxygen content of less than 5 mg / l. The pond, seeded with phytoplankton and zooplankton organisms selected for optimal yield, is equipped with stationary and mobile capture systems which allow to modulate the percentage of daily harvest according to planktonic production, the nutrient intake, etc. The harvested zooplankton is either frozen, or preserved by osmo-conservation, or still preserved with organic solvents for subsequent drying. For practical reasons only 20 to 25% of the potential of this pond has been used. This corresponds to an annual production potential of 2 to 3 kg of fresh zoo-plankton per m-3 of pond volume, or 20 to 30 kg per inhabitant equivalent per year.

The current production of around 300 kg per day 20 is harvested and stored by a single employee. The food of zooplankton, important factor of cost in all the cultures of this product, is provided free by organic waste. The facilities and infrastructure necessary for harvesting and storage represent a very low investment.

The Applicant's laboratory tests show that the addition of fossilized phytoplankton to the wastewater entering the pond allows a considerable increase in production. These fossil rocks, of the “coccolithic chalk” type, are distinguished by a very particular microscopic structure which reflects the skeleton of phytoplankton algae. A bacterial film forms on these structures shortly after they come into contact with water rich in organic matter. Organic matter is adsorbed by fossil structures. The whole fossil particle-adsorbed organic matter-bacteria is ingested by i ..

► / 'i 7 zooplankton crustaceans whose filtering activity is well documented.

The addition of these mineral particles therefore constitutes an important improvement of the planktonic production system in the sense that it adds a new source of food for zooplanktonic populations and allows a better growth of phytoplankton by an accelerated mineralization of organic compounds. , contained in polluted water discharges. Nitrates and 10 phosphates as well as carbon dioxide, essential nutrients for phytoplankton, are recirculated faster than in the conventional lagoon system. The formation of silt at the bottom of the ponds is therefore considerably reduced and the purifying effect per m3 of useful volume is increased in considerable proportions. The quantity of fossils to be added depends on the composition of the wastewater to be treated, the volume of it and the volume of the pond as well as physical and chemical factors such as temperature, pH, hydrotimetric degree. that, etc. A dosage of 2 to 6 g per m3 of useful volume per day is sufficient in most cases.

Claims (8)

8 r /. I ' 1. Plankton production process in which the populations of crustaceans, algae and bacteria are kept in a dynamic reproduction and growth stage and the crustaceans produced are harvested in batch or continuously by filtering machines, the level of capture and harvested sizes being adapted to the stage of development of planktonic populations, characterized in that the organic substances in solution or in suspension, assimilable by planktonic crustaceans are adsorbed in whole or in part on mineral particles accepted by crustaceans. 2. Method according to claim 1 characterized in that said rocks are rocks originating from fossilized crustaceans. 3. Method according to claim 2 characterized in that the rocks are fossil rocks of the coccolithic chalk type existing in particular in quarries. 4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that strains of crustaceans very resistant to pollution, of rapid growth, of large final size are selected by conventional techniques in order to facilitate harvesting. 5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the production of plankton is carried out in an aqueous medium containing industrial residues assimilated by crustaceans, in particular: blood and serum, yeasts, pig manure and poultry, rice and cereal bran, flours, milk and whey, organic effluents from sweets, dairies, dairies, breweries, domestic sewers. 6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the harvested product is preserved according to one of the techniques, chosen f .. * / ..... ¥ 9 among the following sa) freezing s in view in particular feeding of larvae and fry of fish and crustaceans in freshwater aquaculture farms (trout, salmon, ombré, huchon, black bass, pike, sturgeon, ornamental and aquarium fish, crayfish, deer ) and seawater (sea bass, sea bream, sole, turbot, dolphinfish, pompano, lobster, shrimp). b) osmo-preservation in the form of semi-liquid puree which can be stored at room temperature, with a view in particular to sale in aquarium stores and its use by fish farmers. c) desiccation, in particular with a view to constituting an additive for compound feedingstuffs intended for salmonids. d) silage: in the form of a liquid product suitable for the production of dry or wet food. 7. Plankton obtained by the process of any one of claims 1 to 6. 8. Use of plankton obtained by the process of any one of claims 1 to 6 as such or as a compound food for feeding and raising fish, or for feeding poultry or livestock.