LU601406B1

LU601406B1 - A total mixed ration (TMR) pellet feed for cattle and sheep

Info

Publication number: LU601406B1
Application number: LU601406A
Authority: LU
Inventors: Shudong Wei
Original assignee: Univ Yangtze
Priority date: 2025-04-29
Filing date: 2025-04-29
Publication date: 2025-10-29

Abstract

The invention provides a total mixed ration (TMR) pellet feed for cattle and sheep and a preparation method thereof, wherein the feed uses king grass as the main raw material, which is processed into grass powder and then mixed with peony seed oil processing by-product meal and other agricultural and sideline products, as well as premix, to prepare the total mixed ration (TMR) pellet feed for cattle and sheep. The preparation method of the feed product is simple, the nutrition is balanced, the nutrition is comprehensive and balanced, and the cost is relatively low, making it suitable for use as the sole feed; meanwhile, it contains α-linolenic acid, terpene glycosides, and astragalus-like active components, which can improve animal immunity, reduce morbidity, and thereby reduce the use of antibiotics; in addition, the pellet feed has high density, making it convenient for packaging, storage, transportation, and feeding, and saving labor.

Description

DESCRIPTION LU601406

A TOTAL MIXED RATION (TMR) PELLET FEED FOR CATTLE AND SHEEP

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock feed, and specifically relates to a total mixed ration (TMR) pellet feed for cattle and sheep prepared using king grass and oil peony meal, as well as a preparation method thereof.

BACKGROUND

Under the comprehensive implementation of ecological and environmental protection policies and the policies of returning grazing land to grassland, intensive and large-scale stall feeding has become the inevitable path for the development of cattle, sheep, and other herbivorous livestock industries in China, replacing traditional grazing modes. Providing feed that meets the nutritional needs of cattle and sheep while offering cost advantages is a key aspect of this transformation. Total mixed ration (TMR) feed generally uses forage or crop straw as roughage, grains and meal as concentrates, and minerals, vitamins, and other additives as premix, and is mixed according to a specific formula. At present, TMR feed has been widely applied in large-scale farming, but research and application of TMR pellet feed are relatively limited. TMR pellet feed has the following advantages: comprehensive and balanced nutrition, can be used as the sole feed; good homogeneity and palatability, making it difficult for animals to be selective and leading to high feed utilization efficiency; high density, convenient for packaging, storage, transportation, and feeding, thus saving labor.

King grass is a high-quality forage grass with a photosynthetic rate that is twice that of wheat, 2.66 times that of alfalfa, 1.76 times that of soybean, and 15.7% higher than that of corn. The crude protein content of king grass is superior to that of rice straw, ryegrass, and corn stalks. More importantly, king grass has high biomass, fast growth, can be harvested multiple times, and can yield up to 30 tons of fresh grass per mu, far exceeding the yield of the aforementioned crops.

At present, king grass is mainly used as fresh feed or silage, but there is a lack Plso1406 research on TMR formulations using it as the main raw material, as well as a lack of processing technology research specifically tailored to its characteristics for pellet feed.

Oil peony meal is a new type of by-product from oil processing. Testing data show that its crude protein content exceeds 28%. In addition to serving as a plant protein source in meal-type feeds, oil peony meal also contains a large amount of a-linolenic acid. Adding a-linolenic acid to the feed ration can improve animal growth performance, enhance antioxidant capacity, and improve nonspecific immune functions. In addition, oil peony meal is rich in terpene glycosides and astragalus-like components, which have antibacterial activity, can enhance animal immune function, and reduce stress responses.

SUMMARY

In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a total mixed ration (TMR) pellet feed for cattle and sheep and its preparation method.

In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the inventors, based on years of research experience with oil peony seed meal, creatively combined king grass and oil peony seed meal to provide a TMR pellet feed for cattle and sheep and its preparation method, thereby improving the nutritional composition of existing complete feeds and reducing production costs.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved as follows: A total mixed ration pellet feed for cattle and sheep, prepared by uniformly mixing the following raw and auxiliary materials by weight and then pelleting: 50-70 parts of king grass powder, 16— 28 parts of corn, 8-14 parts of oil peony seed meal, 2-4 parts of third-grade flour, and 3.5—4.5 parts of premix.

Preferably, the TMR pellet feed for cattle and sheep as described above, wherein the feed is prepared by uniformly mixing the following raw and auxiliary materials and then pelleting: 50-60 parts of king grass powder, 22-28 parts of corn, 10-14 parts of oil peony seed meal, 3—4 parts of third-grade flour, and 4 parts of premix.

Preferably, in the TMR pellet feed for cattle and sheep as described above, the King 601406 grass powder is prepared by drying or baking king grass that has grown for 3-4 months to a moisture content of 8-12%, and then processing it using a grass powder crusher equipped with a 5-mesh sieve plate.

Preferably, in the TMR pellet feed for cattle and sheep as described above, the premix is composed of: 30% stone powder, 25% trace elements, 20% dicalcium phosphate, 20% salt, and 5% vitamins.

The present invention also provides the preparation method of the above TMR pellet feed for cattle and sheep, comprising the following steps: (1) Processing the grass powder: Harvest king grass that has grown for 3—4 months, dry or bake it to a moisture content of 8-12%, and process it into grass powder using a grass powder crusher with a 5-mesh sieve plate; (2) Preparing the total mixed feed: Using a horizontal feed mixer, add the crushed corn and oil peony seed meal into the mixing bin, then convey the remaining raw and auxiliary materials through the auxiliary material port into the mixing bin and mix uniformly; (3) Forming pellet feed: Using a pellet feed pelleting machine, under a compression ratio of 6:1, pellet and mold the uniformly mixed raw and auxiliary materials.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The present invention uses king grass as the roughage in the feed formula.

According to the measurement, the main nutritional components of king grass are as follows: crude protein 8.72%, crude fat 3.12%, crude fiber 31.67%, superior to most crop straws. Moreover, the yield as high as 30 tons per mu significantly reduces its cost compared to other forages.

The present invention uses oil peony seed meal as the protein source in the feed formula. According to the measurement, the oil peony seed meal contains 6.75% crude fat, 2.67% crude fiber, 7.12% crude polysaccharides, and 28.98% crude protein. The lipid components in peony seeds are mainly unsaturated fatty acids, among which the a-linolenic acid content is greater than 40%. Adding a-linolenic acid to the diet feed can improve animal growth performance, enhance antioxidant capacity, and improve non-specific immune function.

In addition to its richness in a-linolenic acid, oil peony seed meal also contains large 601406 amounts of active components similar to those found in traditional Chinese medicine peony bark, such as terpenoids and saponins. These components possess antibacterial activity, can enhance animal immune function, and reduce stress reactions.

The TMR pellet feed for cattle and sheep prepared by the present invention is nutritionally comprehensive and balanced, can be used as the sole feed; has good homogeneity and palatability, making animals less likely to be picky and improving feed utilization; contains a-linolenic acid, terpenoids, and saponins, which can enhance animal immune function and reduce morbidity; has high density, making it easy to package, store, transport, and feed, saving labor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following examples further describe the implementation process and beneficial effects of the method of the present invention.

The examples are provided solely for illustrative purposes and do not limit the scope of the present invention.

At the same time, obvious modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are also included within the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A total mixed ration pellet feed for cattle and sheep, prepared from the following raw and auxiliary materials by weight: 50 kg of king grass powder, 28 kg of corn, 14 kg of oll peony seed meal, 4 kg of third-grade flour, and 4 kg of premix.

The specific preparation method is as follows:

Step 1: Harvest king grass grown for 3-4 months, dry it in the sun or bake it (moisture content <10%), first cut it into 10-30 mm fragments using a chaff cutter, and then process it into grass powder using a cutter and hammer combined crusher equipped with a 5-mesh sieve plate.

Step 2: Use a horizontal feed mixer, weigh the raw materials separately according so 1406 the above formula for standby, crush the corn and oil peony seed meal and put them into the mixing bin, and convey the other materials into the mixing bin through the auxiliary material port.

Step 3: Use a flat die pellet feed pelleting machine, under the condition of a compression ratio of 6:1, to pellet and mold the mixture from Step 2 to obtain the total mixed ration pellet feed.

Example 2

A total mixed ration pellet feed for cattle and sheep, prepared from the following raw and auxiliary materials by weight: 70 kg of king grass powder, 16 kg of corn, 8 kg of oil peony seed meal, 2 kg of third-grade flour, and 4 kg of premix.

The specific preparation method is as follows:

Step 2: Use a horizontal feed mixer, weigh the raw materials separately according to the above formula for standby, crush the corn and oil peony seed meal and put them into the mixing bin, and convey the other materials into the mixing bin through the auxiliary material port.

Test 1

When processing grass powder by crushing, select sieve plates with 4, 5, and 6 mesh to produce grass powders of different coarseness.

Pelleting tests are conducted according to the formula and steps in Example 1.

The pelleting molding rates all achieve good results, reaching 97.12%, 97.55%, and 97.86%, respectively.

However, the smoothness of material discharge from the pelleting machine shows 601406 differences:

Grass powder processed with a 4-mesh sieve plate tends to clog during pelleting,

While grass powders processed with 5- and 6-mesh sieve plates have smooth pelleting.

Taking all factors into consideration, a 5-mesh sieve plate is selected for production.

Test 2

When using a flat die pellet feed pelleting machine for pelleting and molding,

Template compression ratios of 4:1, 5:1, and 6:1 are tested respectively.

When the compression ratio is 4:1, molding cannot be achieved;

When the compression ratio is 5:1, the molding rate is low at 62.87%;

When the compression ratio is 6:1, the molding rate is 97.55%.

Therefore, a template compression ratio of 6:1 is selected in production.

Test 3 Pellet Feed Feeding Test for Meat Sheep

Twenty meat sheep in the fattening stage are selected and randomly divided into two groups.

The experimental group is fed with the pellet feed prepared in Example 1.

The control group is fed with a total mixed ration prepared according to the formula: parts of corn stalk powder, 28 parts of corn, 14 parts of rapeseed meal, 4 parts of third-grade flour, and 4 parts of premix.

The pre-feeding period is 5 days, and the formal test period is 50 days,

With the number of feedings, feed amount, and feeding times per day being the same.

The fattening effect of meat sheep during the test is evaluated LU601406

Initial weight Final weight Total weight Daily weight (kg) (kg) gain (kg) gain (g)

Control group 27.1+5.2 35.2+5.7 8.1+1.3 162+26

Experimental 26.2+4.3 37.7+4.6 11.5+1.1 230+22 group

It can be seen from the test results in Table 1 that the average daily weight gain of the test group of mutton sheep reached 230g, which was significantly higher than that of the control group. This shows that the pellet feed of the present invention can significantly improve the fattening effect of mutton sheep.

Experiment 4 Feeding test of beef cattle with pellet feed steers were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The test group was fed with the pellet feed prepared in Example 2, and the control group was fed with a total mixed diet prepared with a formula of 70 parts of corn stalk powder, 16 parts of corn, 8 parts of rapeseed meal, 2 parts of third-grade powder, and 4 parts of premix. The pre-feeding period was 7 days, the main test period was 30 days, and the number, quantity and time of daily feeding were the same. The fattening effect of beef cattle during the test was evaluated.

Table 2 Feeding test of beef cattle with pellet feed

Control group 207.6+5.3 242.5+6.8 34.9+2.1 1.16+0.07

Experimental 205.3+4 2 252.1+5.7 46.8+3.3 1.56+0.11 group

It can be seen from the test results in Table 2 that the average daily weight gain Plis01406 the test group beef cattle is 1.56 kg, which is significantly higher than that of the control group.

This shows that the pellet feed of the present invention can significantly improve the fattening effect of beef cattle.

Claims

CLAIMS LU601406

1. À total mixed ration (TMR) pellet feed for cattle and sheep, characterized in that the feed is prepared by uniformly mixing the following raw and auxiliary materials by weight parts and then pelleting: 50-70 parts of king grass powder, 16-28 parts of corn, 8—14 parts of oil peony meal, 2-4 parts of third-grade flour, and 3.5-4.5 parts of premix.

2. The total mixed ration (TMR) pellet feed for cattle and sheep according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed is prepared by uniformly mixing the following raw and auxiliary materials and then pelleting: 50-60 parts of king grass powder, 22-28 parts of corn, 10-14 parts of oil peony meal, 3—4 parts of third-grade flour, and 4 parts of premix.

3. The total mixed ration (TMR) pellet feed for cattle and sheep according to claim 1, characterized in that the king grass powder is prepared by drying or oven-drying king grass grown for 3—4 months until the moisture content is 8-12%, and then processing it with a grass powder crusher equipped with a 5-mesh sieve plate.

4. The total mixed ration (TMR) pellet feed for cattle and sheep according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition of the premix is: 30% limestone powder, 25% trace elements, 20% dicalcium phosphate, 20% salt, and 5% vitamins.

5. A preparation method of the total mixed ration (TMR) pellet feed for cattle and sheep according to claim 1, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: (1) processing grass powder: harvesting king grass grown for 3-4 months, drying or oven-drying it until the moisture content is 8-12%, and processing it into grass powder using a grass powder crusher equipped with a 5-mesh sieve plate; (2) preparing total mixed feed: using a horizontal feed mixer, adding crushed corn and oil peony meal into the mixing bin, and conveying the remaining raw and auxiliary materials into the mixing bin through the auxiliary material inlet, and mixing uniformly;

(3) making pellet feed: using a pellet feed pelletizer, pelleting and molding the 601406 uniformly mixed raw and auxiliary materials under a compression ratio of 6:1.