LT7155B - GREENHOUSES WITH CLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEM - Google Patents

Abstract

An invention from the fields of energy and agriculture. A new greenhouse has been created, suitable for various climate zones, with autonomous energy and self-contained climate control. The proposed greenhouse can be built on flat ground, in cold mountain areas, on house roofs and floating platforms. The geometric principles used allow for the maximum benefit of the perimeter/area ratio. Different temperatures and humidity can be maintained in individual modules, and various crops can be grown in them with optimal growing conditions for them. The installed system of autonomous energy machines allows for the full provision of the greenhouse's needs with the necessary energy and the maintenance of the desired plant growing conditions in various climatic conditions throughout the year.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

An invention from the field of energy and agriculture.

A universal energy-autonomous greenhouse with a climate control system is offered.

Technical level

The invention uses other previous new inventions: thermal accumulators, autonomous thermal machines, ground heat exchanger, volumetric heat pipes, etc.

The main problem solved is the overheating of greenhouses or their inactivity in cold conditions. There are many different solutions and proposals in the world on how to control the temperature inside the greenhouse.

Greenhouse climate control system

Previously, greenhouses were known in which the climate was controlled by ventilation, opening the greenhouse doors and windows or blowing air with blowers. This removed the warmed air and the moisture accumulated in it from the greenhouse. In a closed greenhouse, for optimal plant growing conditions, it is necessary to control not only the air temperature, humidity, but also the carbon dioxide concentration. Therefore, it is very important to have a closed greenhouse climate control system.

Several international patents have been created for the greenhouse system with closed climate control:

WO00/76296 presents a solution using underground water storage.

EP0517432A1 - water heat accumulators are used, in which the collected part of the daytime solar energy is used at night to heat the greenhouse and cooler air.

US 2003/0188477 A1 - Greenhouse cooling system where dry outside air is cooled with sprayed water.

US4707995 - presented a greenhouse air humidity and temperature control system with the use of salt water to remove moisture.

In document JP4148123 A, 1992.05.21 - air blown out of the ventilation system comes into contact with sprayed water.

EP1819214 - invention using cooling water and a blower that transfers warm air for cooling to a condenser.

JP document 2104222 A, 1990.04.17 - for cooling air in greenhouses through a heat exchanger in contact with cold groundwater.

Patent JP 2104222 A 1990.04.17 was chosen as an analogue of the invention.

The warm air in the greenhouse is cooled by groundwater, i.e. the heat is eventually removed from the greenhouse, it is lost and cannot be reused to meet the internal needs of the greenhouse. This is not very rational in our cold and cool climate. We propose a new, simpler and more effective method of cooling and heating the greenhouse, where the heat in the environment would be absorbed in various ways and returned for reuse in the form of heat and (or) cold, coolness with the help of thermal machines.

The new greenhouse has a common heating/cooling system, which allows for the successful utilization and beneficial use of excess heat. The installed automatic climate control allows for maintaining the desired plant growth conditions at any time of the day and year.

Autonomous energy modules (thermal machines), which no greenhouse in the world currently has, compensate for the lack of heat in cold weather and use its excess in hot weather. Several universal energy and heat functional modules allow you to fully provide the greenhouse and other buildings with electricity, heat, coolness, cold, etc. Their combinations and combinations allow you to quickly and easily convert one type of energy into another.

A new advanced greenhouse cooling system with heat pipes at the top that absorb heat from the environment and give it to the flowing stream, and heat pipes at the bottom that take heat from the flowing stream and give it to the outside to other systems. The rising cold stream absorbs heat, gives off heat, and then rises to the top for a repeated cycle. In this way, the pipe network takes in and transfers heat from the entire confined environment. There are no analogues where heat pipes are used in greenhouses. This system is special in that there is no attempt, as is the case now, to get rid of “disturbing heat” - windows are opened, air is blown, etc. All heat or cold in the greenhouse and outside is converted to other types of energy and used to operate energy modules and other systems. Paradoxically, the new greenhouse can generate excess slavery, which it would give for use as an energy supply module.

ESSENCE OF THE INVENTION

A new greenhouse has been created, suitable for various climate zones, with autonomous energy and self-controlled climate, which can be built on flat ground, in cold mountain areas, on house roofs and floating platforms. The geometric principles used allow for the maximum benefit of the perimeter/area (P/S) ratio, i.e. covering the largest usable area with the smallest perimeter. Greenhouse - cold storage modules of various geometries (rectangular, square, pentagonal, hexagonal, etc. shapes) of various sizes, shapes and purposes can be used. They can be combined and combined with each other in various ways. The modular design allows for quick and easy assembly of structures of the desired size, area, volume and purpose. The optimal design of pentagonal greenhouses allows for a significant reduction in their service time, enables a significant improvement in the speeds of all flows, and reduces the distances between hot and cold (storage) zones. The overall module-honeycomb system is quite resistant to wind gusts. The modules are simple and easy to assemble and connect to each other. In separate modules, it is possible to maintain different temperatures and humidity, and grow various crops in them with optimal growing conditions for them. The installed system of autonomous energy machines allows you to fully provide the greenhouse with the necessary energy and maintain the desired plant growing conditions in various climatic conditions throughout the year. Greenhouses can operate autonomously throughout the year even in a cold climate zone, without using part of the supplied energy. In a hot climate zone, the greenhouse's energy equipment ensures normal cool conditions for plant growth. Hybrid engines are installed in the greenhouses, enabling the conversion of excess heat into electricity, by sliding and (or) rotational motion, i.e. the greenhouse can generate and use various types of energy at the same and (or) different times.

Greenhouse modules. They are simple and easy to manufacture and industrially. Complexes of any desired size and purpose can be assembled from identical and different modules. All modules are easy to install standard energy modules, which serve the useful area faster and more fully.

Purpose of greenhouses. Usually greenhouses are adapted to one climate zone - therefore greenhouses in cold regions are cold, and in hot regions - hot, i.e. there is no universal greenhouse that would be suitable for any climate. The proposed greenhouse is more advantageous in terms of energy - it heats well in cold regions and cools perfectly in hot regions. Therefore, it is more appropriate to call some greenhouses. and others greenhouses or greenhouses - greenhouses. There are few simple ones yet, because most often efforts are made to change the covering films, which, due to the properties of the films, partially reflect or limit excess sunlight. New greenhouses have a common heating / cooling system, which allows for the successful utilization and beneficial use of part of the excess heat, and the installed automatic climate control allows you to maintain the desired conditions for growing plants at any time of day and year. Autonomous energy modules compensate for the lack of heat in cold weather and use its excess in hot weather.

Water production. This is especially relevant in hot regions, where there is a huge shortage of fresh water. Additional water suitable for consumption and irrigation can be obtained in two ways: by precipitating condensed water vapor from the air (cooling) and by evaporating unsuitable water, using excess ambient heat for this. In this way, several goals are achieved: the environment is cooled, excess heat is utilized, water is supplied, and circulation processes and the operation of heat engines are ensured.

Conversion of heat into other forms of energy (electricity production). The collected excess heat can be used not only to evaporate water (purify and clean it), but also to generate electricity. For this purpose, a hybrid engine is used, which can convert excess heat into electrical form, either by rotary or reciprocating motion. The heat engine and the hybrid engine enable the greenhouse - cold house to be provided with various forms of energy: heat, cold, coolness, electricity.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The invention is illustrated by drawings

Fig.1 Modular greenhouse construction

Modular greenhouse

Protective zone

Fig.2 Modular greenhouse with protective zone

Protective zone 1-2 m

Fig.3 Moving thermal reflective coatings

5- top cover, 6- middle cover, 7- bottom cover

One top coat

Coatings that reflect heat upwards

Coatings that reflect heat inward, downward

Rail-mounted coverings

Fig.4 Modular greenhouse construction,

4- "Matryoshka" principle (Module within module) - protection working within each other

Fig.5 Heat transfer and temperature control in greenhouses

Heat from above is directed downwards

Fig.6 Upper and underground parts of the greenhouse

9- Above-ground upper part of the greenhouse

10- water tanks

Underground part of the greenhouse

11- Underground (basement) refrigerated storage area

12- heat engine

Fig.7 How a greenhouse is cooled

9- Above-ground upper part of the greenhouse

13- Rising cold coolant flow

14- The hottest part of the greenhouse is the top.

15- Descending warm coolant flow

16- Hot water tanks

17- Cold water tanks

Fig.8 The principle of operation of volumetric heat pipes

21- Volumetric heat pipe

22- Volumetric heat pipe

Modular greenhouse with heat storage tanks (underground)

18- Hot water tanks

19- Hot water tanks

20- Cold water tanks

Greenhouse frame with volumetric heat pipes

21- Volumetric heat pipe

23- Supporting structure

24- Water collection tanks

Fig.9 How volumetric heat pipes precipitate water

21- Bulk heat pipes

25- Flowing cold coolant

26- Outgoing warm coolant

Fig.10 Ground heat exchanger

27- Air intake pipe

28- Underground heat exchanger design

29- air recuperator

Fig.11 Heat engine and its use for cooling and heating air flows

11a. 29- Several recuperators connected in series heat or cool the passing streams, decant the water

b. 30- The heat engine 12 can additionally heat or cool the passing air flows

Fig. 12 Heat engine

Fig.13 Hybrid engine

Compressor motor modifications

Compressor motor

Crankshaft

Cylinders with internal double-acting pistons

Compressed air or gas supplied

Air or gas is released

Heat is removed from the compressor engine pistons

Incoming chilled coolant

Refrigerated tank - accumulator

Heat pipe coil for heat removal

Hot storage tank for storing exhaust heat

Outgoing warm coolant flow

Fragment of an absorption engine

Tanks with pressurized +Δρ gas

Tanks with reduced pressure -Δρ gas

Increased pressure gas tanks +Δρ directly serving the compressor engine cylinders with pistons

Connections connecting all vessels with increased gas pressure +Δρ into a common system.

DESCRIPTION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

How individual energy modules work

Fig. 1 Pentagonal greenhouse

By changing the radius R and the length of the side a of a pentagonal greenhouse, it is possible to create a greenhouse of various sizes and areas.

and c) a protective, buffer zone can be created around the perimeter of the greenhouse

d), e), f) - two modules are connected to each other in various ways

g), h), i) - it is possible to combine several modules in groups of several

Fig.2 Greenhouse with protective zone

This zone not only performs insulating functions, but also allows you to save heat. This additional zone can be used for other needs, for working on various tasks, storing tools and equipment, etc.

Fig.3 Moving thermal reflective coatings

Their purpose is diverse:

Reflect a wide spectrum of sunlight

Protect and preserve the heat escaping through the top

There should be a certain air gap between the coatings, which is a good heat insulator.

There are cases where heat is reflected to the environment or returned to the interior

Films can be automatically pushed according to a separate control program.

The greenhouse structure includes an upper above-ground and lower part, where the above-ground part consists of at least one pyramid-shaped module frame covered with a glass or plastic coating, and the lower part is a foundation corresponding to the lower, i.e. base part of the pyramid-shaped frame. The pyramid-shaped module frame includes a module within a module, where each edge of the inner module base is spaced apart from the outer side of the inner module base by an equal distance, within the range of 1 m to 2 m, thus forming a protective air gap and, the module can be connected by the edges of at least one outer module wall to each other in a linear or circular manner and completely covered, thus expanding the area of the greenhouse.

Fig.4 Greenhouse - module-in-module - for different seasons

Fig.5 The rising cold flow of coolant 13 will remove heat from the hottest zone 14 by the descending warm flow 15.

Frg.6 Under the upper part of the greenhouse there can be a space for various purposes:

e.g. for storing products or harvests, energy system rooms, changing rooms, tool sheds, etc.

Fig.7 To prevent the greenhouse from overheating quickly, a constantly circulating heat transfer fluid cools the hottest part of the greenhouse's upper covering. The collected heat can be stored and used in other areas as needed. Some of the excess energy can be used to evaporate and purify existing unsuitable water.

Fig.8 Volumetric heat pipes absorb and transfer heat very quickly. A network of heat pipes 21 can serve a large area or volume. The hottest zone is at the top of the greenhouse, so the densest network of heat pipes should be there.

Fig.9 Method of precipitation of water from humid air. The cooled flow of heat carrier coming through the tube 25 will cool the air in contact with the tube. The water vapor present in it will condense into water drops and flow down. The removed heat can be accumulated in another place.

Fig.10 In practice, a ground heat exchanger (GHE) 28 is often used, which is suitable for heating cold air or cooling hot air. The recuperator 29 is used for heat exchange and water precipitation.

Fig.11 Using a heat engine 12, the desired air flow can be heated or cooled, i.e. the possibility of alternating the temperature of the circulating flows.

Fig. 12 Several heat engines can be connected to a common energy system

Fig.13 A hybrid engine capable of converting excess heat into electrical form, either through rotational or reciprocating motion.

Possibility of obtaining a technical result

Using greenhouse modules 1, 2, 3 of various geometries, the construction of which includes volumetric heat pipes 21, 22, in the latter, so that the greenhouse does not overheat quickly, a cooled heat carrier flow 13 from tanks with cold water 20 constantly circulates in a closed circle with the help of a pump, cooling the hottest upper part of the greenhouse cover 14. The cold heat carrier flow 13 rises upwards from the refrigerated tanks 17. The hottest zones of the greenhouse are cooled. The heated heat carrier flows down in a flow 15 and is distributed to warm 18, 19 or hot tanks 16, 18. The collected heat is accumulated and used in other places according to need. Part of the excess energy can be used for evaporation of existing unsuitable water and its cleaning, i.e. The extracted heat is transferred to other areas of activity. Volumetric heat pipes 21 are also used to cool the greenhouse, through which the cold coolant 25 flowing through heats up and flows out as a warm coolant 26. Additionally, a ground heat accumulator 28 and a recuperator are used to regulate the cold, heat and heat in the greenhouse, which heats or cools the supplied air 29. The recuperator 29, using a heat engine 12, can additionally heat or cool the supplied air flows. All these processes can take place automatically, according to the established control programs. The energy circulating inside the greenhouse - the cold store is fully sufficient to meet the needs of the greenhouse cold store. The cold, warm and hot water tanks are fully sufficient for optimal greenhouse operation in various climatic conditions. Greenhouse control with the help of a thermal machine 12, according to a set program, can automatically maintain the desired temperature in the greenhouse around the clock and automatically change it according to a pre-prepared program. When cooling in the greenhouse, it is possible to collect water vapor condensing from the internal environment of the greenhouse into separate containers.

How a heat engine works

The heat engine 12, which has internal refrigerated, warm and hot water tanks, compressors and a control system, which can operate according to freely selectable programs using external cold and hot water tanks, plays a key role in automatically regulating the internal climate temperature of the greenhouse. Depending on the size of the greenhouse and the area covered, several heat engines can be used simultaneously. Each engine can operate according to its own operating mode, i.e. a completely different desired temperature regime can be maintained in an adjacent greenhouse module. Therefore, the environment of several different greenhouse modules can be easily and quickly adapted to the temperature regime of the desired environment.

Benefits of new greenhouses

Universal greenhouses are suitable for both hot and cold climate zones.

Can operate autonomously all year round without external energy supply.

Various energy functional modules are used separately, together and in combinations, allowing for the generation of autonomous energy and the use of energy in the environment, heating, cooling, autonomous watering, using excess heat, and generating electricity.

Volumetric heat pipes are widely used to accelerate and optimize heat exchange.

Standard greenhouse modules can be easily and quickly adapted to the requirements of the climate in use - to enhance the heating function with greenhouses, to expand the cooling function with cold stores, etc.

Separate cold/warm/hot water tanks are widely used in greenhouses. It is with the help of these tanks and thermal accumulators that energy can be stored for a longer period of time.

A method of cooling greenhouses to cool the hottest spaces and volumes and to utilize excess heat: use it for water production and the operation of thermal machines.

The heating/cooling system operates on a closed basis of constantly circulating energy flows: cold rising flows in hot areas warm up and, flowing back through the exchange, give off heat to the thermal tanks and then return cold. The cycle is constantly repeated, so there are no overheated areas in the greenhouse and the desired ambient temperature for plant growth is constantly maintained.

Claims (7)

DEFINITION OF THE INVENTION 1. A greenhouse with a climate control system, consisting of a supporting frame, transparent glass or plastic walls; of irrigation, ventilation, lighting, control and a climate control system, characterized in that the greenhouse structure includes an upper above-ground and lower part, where the above-ground part consists of at least one pyramid-shaped module frame covered with a glass or plastic coating, and the lower part is a foundation corresponding to the lower, i.e. base part of the pyramid-shaped frame, with a climate control system and where at least one heat engine is installed. 2. A greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that the pyramid-shaped module frame includes a module within a module, where each edge of the inner module base is spaced at an equal distance, within the range of 1 m to 2 m, from the outer side of the edge of the inner module base, thus forming a protective air gap, and the module can be connected by the edges of at least one outer module wall to each other in a linear or circular manner and completely covered, thus expanding the area of the greenhouse. 3. The greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that the climate control system is arranged in the above-ground and lower parts of the greenhouse and includes at least a heat engine in the lower part of the greenhouse and water tanks connected by a pump with a pipe to a network of volumetric heat pipes arranged in the inner part of the greenhouse frame; the tanks are connected into a system and a water condensation system with volumetric heat pipes is arranged in the highest internal place of the greenhouse frame and is connected by pipes to the water collection tanks. 4. A greenhouse according to claim 3, characterized in that the climate control system may additionally include recuperators connected to the thermal engine and/or a ground heat exchanger installed next to the greenhouse, underground. 5. A greenhouse with a climate control system according to items 1-3, having control of separate systems and setting to operate autonomously. 6. A greenhouse according to items 1 and 2, where product storage chambers and general-purpose utility rooms may additionally be installed in the lower part of the greenhouse. 7. A greenhouse with a climate control system according to claim 6, characterized in that the product storage chamber includes a temperature and humidity control system.