LT6117B - Telescopic formwork device for dotted dug up dig and manner of use - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention belongs to the pit digging technology field and relates to reusable telescopic metal risers (1) used for pit digging and later, when required construction or repair work in the pit has been completed, for full or partial filling of the pit. In digging a deep pit in confined space where other objects are 1-1.5 metre away from the edge of the pit telescopic-type retractable round metal risers (1) of different diameters are used to ensure stability of walls of the pit being dug and safely achieve the desired depth of the pit, enable doing the required repair or construction work;this work having been done the risers are pulled out from the pit one after another and the pit gets gradually completely or partially filled as the telescopic-type risers are pulled out back to the surface one after another.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the field of point excavation technology and relates to reusable telescopic metal formwork for excavation, wall fixing, excavation work, and full or partial excavation.

TECHNICAL LEVEL

Excavation excavation is a hazardous and complex process that requires extreme caution and planning, especially when excavation is required at high depths and under compressed conditions due to other objects around the excavation. In practice, excavation works involve a variety of soil reinforcement equipment, but are not suited for use in densely built-up areas or on high-traffic streets. Soil reinforcement equipment is also used to save excavation costs, installing or repairing communications of various profiles and types, and installing wells. One of the most important functions of using excavation formwork systems is to ensure the safety of excavation workers by withstanding the pressures of soil, ground water and the formwork walls. Formwork provides workers with an easy way to protect the excavation from tipping over during excavation and work.

Pat. CN201756709 published in 2011 March 9, 2005 describes a method of excavation using uniform formwork of the same cross-section, the cross-section of which can be adjusted by means of staples on their sides. An excavator is placed inside such a formwork to excavate the soil from inside the pit. However, the aforesaid application of the invention is applicable to excavation of large cross-sectional excavations and is not suitable for use in densely built-up areas or in high-traffic streets near non-destructive objects.

Pat. EP0708225, published June 1996. On April 24, 2004, a method for excavating narrow-diameter excavations using two interlocking long formwork was described. However, the aforesaid use of the invention is applicable to excavation of small diameter excavations and thus the excavated excavation would have no space for the worker.

The closest prior art is patent no. GB1248085, published

1971 September 29 It describes a method of excavating the excavation, in which plastic, round sections of the same cross-section are inserted successively into the excavation to ensure airtightness. The present invention can be used to make waste pits. However, the present invention is applicable to the excavation of shallow and small-scale excavations, and such excavations are not suitable for the repair of underground pipelines and communications and other construction work. The formwork of the present invention is not reusable because it is not extendable upwards.

THE SUBSTANCE OF THE INVENTION

An essential feature of the present invention is that when excavating at depths of 4-12 m under compressed infrastructure conditions, other objects (such as a road, fence, structure or other stationary object) are at least 1-1.5 m from the edge of the excavation, using telescopic, round, reusable, metal reusable, different cross-sectional formwork, which ensures the stability of the excavation wall and safely achieves the desired excavation depth, and then removes the formwork successively when required full or partial excavation of the excavation takes place gradually from the bottom, pulling out the formwork one after another.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows the excavation of the original excavation (7).

FIG. Fig. 2 shows the support formwork (2) inserted into the pit.

FIG. 3 shows the supports (6) screwed to the support formwork (2).

FIG. 4 is a view showing the entry of a second formwork (3) into the cavity.

FIG. 5 - shows the first two formwork injected into the excavation.

FIG. 6 - shows four formwork injected into the excavation.

FIG. 7 shows the formwork extraction from the excavation.

FIG. 8 is a photograph of telescopic formwork for reinforcing the excavation.

FIG. 9 shows a telescopic connection of the support formwork (2) with the second formwork (3) and the retaining elements (12, 13) which are the same in all other formwork.

FIG. 10 illustrates the joining of any two formwork into one another by means of connecting elements (12,13).

PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Excavation telescopic formwork (1) may consist of the following dimensions:

1) First (support) formwork of round cross-section with lifting eyelets (2) (dimensions: diameter - 2000-3000 mm, height -1500-2000 mm);

2) Second circular cross-section formwork with lifting eyelets (3) (dimensions: -1800-2800 mm, height - 1500-2000 mm);

3) Third round sectional formwork with lifting eyes (4) (dimensions: diameter 1600-2600 mm, height -1500-2000 mm);

4) Fourth (deep) circular cross-section formwork with lifting eyes (5) (dimensions: diameter - 1400-2400 mm, height -1500-2000 mm);

5) Four 1000-1500 mm long supports (6) on the ground, fixed to the top of the first / support formwork (2).

The optimum sizes of the telescopic formwork system components are as follows:

1) Front / support formwork of round cross-section with lifting eyes (2) (dimensions: 2710 mm diameter, 1500 mm height);

2) Second circular cross-section formwork with lifting eyes (3) (dimensions: 2540 mm diameter, 2000 mm height);

3) Third round sectional formwork with lifting eyes (4) (dimensions: 2370 mm diameter, 2000 mm height);

4) Fourth / deep circular cross-section formwork with lifting eyelets (5) (dimensions: 2200 mm diameter, 2000 mm height);

5) Four 1500 mm long supports (6) to the ground, screwed to the top of the first formwork (2).

The telescopic formwork system may also have a smaller or larger number of formwork than 4, but the optimum number of telescopic formwork shall be 4. The formwork shall have a cross-section of 160-200 mm, preferably when the formwork has a different cross-section.

170 mm. One deck weighs about 500-800 kg.

The dimensions of the telescopic formwork are chosen according to the nature of the excavation. Because metal telescopic formwork is reusable, it is suitable for a variety of ground conditions. The choice of excavation anchor structure for earthworks shall be based on pre-engineered geological surveys of the soil provided for in the technical documentation for the particular project in progress. Calculations of boundary ground pressure for excavation fastenings for excavation at different depths are based on PN-B03010. The safe design of the formwork wall construction can only be completed by performing the calculations of the boundary pressure according to the appropriate soil parameters at the intended site of excavation. In this case, if during the excavation it is found that the actual soil condition does not correspond to that provided in the preliminary calculations, additional soil tests and new soil pressure calculations shall be performed. The following conditions must be considered when selecting the appropriate set of telescopic formwork soil anchoring systems: (i) Planned depth of excavation;

(ii) the required cross-section of the excavation at the end of the excavation; (iii) the nature and technology of the construction and erection works expected to be carried out; (iv) the expected rate of completion of the work; (v) the area of the excavation area.

The installation of the telescopic excavation formwork system (1) consists of four basic steps. During the first stage, the work area is selected, enclosed and existing communications marked. In the second step shown in Figs. 1 and FIG. 2, before starting the formwork into the ground, an initial excavation (if there is asphalt pavement then removable asphalt) is excavated (7) with a depth of 0.5-2.0 m (specific depth depends on soil stability). The excavation (7) must be about 10% larger than the cross-section of the first / support formwork (2). During the third step shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the first / support formwork (2) is screwed preferably to four supports (6) which rest on the ground, and the first / support formwork (2) is inserted into the prepared excavation (7) by means of an auto mechanism. If the depth of the prepared excavation (7) is less than the height of the support formwork (2), the support formwork (2) is started to slide until the lateral supports (6) reach the ground. Leveling takes place by excavating the excavator (8) from the inside of the support formwork (2) in proportion to the total cross-section and by gradually pressing down the support formwork (2) from above. The pressure must be applied evenly over the entire circumference of the support formwork (2), without squeezing to prevent deformation and crossing of the support formwork (2). In the fourth step depicted in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, when the supports (6) of the first / support formwork (2) reach the ground, the next formwork (3) of the telescopic excavation anchorage system is taken and its alignment is started. Leveling takes place by excavating the excavation mechanism from the inside of the formwork in proportion to the total cross-section of the formwork and gradually pressing the formwork (3) from above until the connecting element (12) in the upper part of the formwork (3) is shown. 9 and FIG. 10, reaches the connecting element (13) located in the lower part of a support formwork (2) which is in front thereof. The pressing should be uniform over the entire area of the formwork, without squeezing, to prevent deformation of the formwork and to prevent the formwork from crossing or jamming with one another. During excavation and gradual pressing of the formwork, the remaining formwork is allowed and the process is repeated until the required depth of excavation is reached.

The interconnection of the telescopic formwork is shown in Figs. 9 and FIG. 10. Each telescopic formwork has, in its upper part, a grip member (12) extending along its outer side and extending outwards. In addition, each telescopic formwork also has, in its lower part, a triangular adhesive member (13) extending along its inner side and extending inwardly of the formwork. As they pass through each other through telescopic formwork, they are interconnected by means of said connecting elements (12, 13). For example, when passing through the formwork / support formwork (2) into the excavation second formwork (3), the engagement element (12) of the second formation (3) engages firmly with the engagement element (13) of the first / support formwork (2). do not peel off each other and collapse into the excavation. In an analogous way, all telescopic formwork is interconnected within the excavation.

Once the required depth of excavation has been reached, construction work is commenced that has led to excavation, such as the installation of wells in underground routes, the elimination of accidents in underground communications networks, the installation of pumping stations or other underground construction work. Often, depending on the soil characteristics of a particular area, such a telescopic formwork anchoring system (1) is used in conjunction with soil drainage systems. In this case, the specificity of the formwork installation (inlet) does not change, except that the needle filters (9) are installed around the formwork at the beginning of the work. Needle filters are used to remove groundwater from the excavation soil or lower the groundwater level in the excavation.

The removal of the telescopic formwork from the excavation shown in Fig.7 starts with the internal extraction of the deepest formwork within the excavation, followed by subsequent extraction of the remaining formwork. The bottom part of the excavation shall be filled with at least 0.5 m of soil before compacting, and it shall be compacted. When raising the formwork to the level of compacted soil, fill the gaps after the formwork has been raised so that no unnecessary voids remain in the excavation. Removal of the remaining formwork shall be carried out in the same way until the excavation is completely buried.

The performance of the telescopic formwork system (1) is designed for the use of formwork during excavation work on construction sites and communication channels, and therefore requires special protection of the entire construction site against unauthorized access to the excavation site. In view of the large dimensions and weight of the formwork (1), it is imperative, inter alia, to observe the following rules for safe storage: (i) all parts of the telescopic formwork system (1) should be placed on the circular plane of the formwork; (ii) The brackets and ladders (10) must be stored indoors after cleaning and appropriate protection. Each time the formwork is delivered from the construction site to the storage site, it should be washed. Formwork joints (12, 13) must be protected with anti-corrosion agent.

The following special safety requirements apply during the installation and dismantling of telescopic excavation formwork (1). The formwork telescopic system shall be installed and installed only from factory made and undamaged formwork elements. The use of damaged or incomplete formwork can cause accidents on the construction site and endanger the lives and health of workers. When installing individual formwork in the excavation, ropes and hooks must be used to adjust the position of the individual formwork to prevent workers from coming into contact with these elements during their rotation or transfer. To prevent damage to the formwork during its use, the following rules must be observed: During the formwork roll-in (in), the formwork must be pressed evenly over the entire formwork to prevent deformation of the formwork, and the formwork shall not overlap or jam. Do not break the excavator bucket or other digging equipment through the formwork. Formwork should only be used to reinforce the walls of the excavation. Formwork should also be protected from damage during storage on site.

The telescopic formwork system (1) allows excavation in a smaller area than other excavation. Excavation without formwork usually requires that the surface radius of the excavation is equal to or greater than the depth of the excavation multiplied by approximately 40 degrees tangent. For example, to excavate a 7.5-meter-deep excavation, the surface should have a radius of at least 7.65 m (if wells with a radius of 1.35 m for the first / support formwork (2) are used). Meanwhile, with telescopic formwork (1), the minimum excavation radius on the surface could be about 2.35 m (calculated by adding a radius of 1.35 m to the length of the first / support formwork (2) per 1 m of support (6)). Although these are relative estimates and did not take into account the nature of the soil, they show that telescopic formwork (1) excavates 7.5 m. the radius of the depth excavation (7) on its surface can be reduced about 3 times. The deeper the excavation, the greater the reduction. This allows for much more efficient excavation work under compressed infrastructure conditions.

In order to illustrate and describe the present invention, the following describes the most preferred embodiments. It is not a detailed or restrictive description intended to determine the exact form or embodiment. The above description should be viewed as an illustration rather than a limitation. It will be appreciated that many modifications and variations may be apparent to those skilled in the art, embodiments are selected and described to best explain the principles of the present invention and their best practical application for different embodiments with different modifications suitable for a particular application or embodiment. for customization. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the appended definition and its equivalents, in which all of the foregoing terms have the widest meaning unless otherwise indicated.

It will be appreciated that the embodiments described by those skilled in the art can make changes within the scope of the present invention as defined in the following definition.

Claims (2)

1. Telescopic formwork design for excavation point excavation for use in the construction or repair of underground pipelines and communication paths, consisting of: not less than two circular cross-sectional formwork: support and deep, with four supports fixed to the top of the support formwork, fixed to the ground to prevent the support form from sinking into the excavation; inlet and outlet to / from / pit mechanism, shutter release / release ropes, lashing straps to the support formwork; and formwork joints with each other, comprising: reusable round, easily penetrable metal formwork forming a telescopic formwork system (1), where a narrower / recessed formwork can be fed from above through a wider / receiving formwork into a mining pit (7) and can be retracted telescopically after work performance; - on the inner side of each receiving formwork into which the other formwork is introduced from above, at the lower part of the formwork along the formwork along its entire circumference and protruding inwardly into the formwork (13), 12); - a retaining member (12) extending along the perimeter along the entire circumference and projecting to the outside of the formwork on the outer side of each recessed formwork, which prevents the recessed formwork from passing through the receiving formwork due to the retaining member (13); - supports (6) for maintaining a stable condition of the support formwork (2) and the entire formwork system (1); the optimum length of the supports is 1-1.5 m; wherein said formwork is of such a cross-section that one or two workers may descend through the bottom of the pit to carry out necessary repair or construction work; the optimal cross-section of the support formwork (2) is 2-3 m and the height is 1.5-2 m, the most optimal cross-section of the lower formwork is 1.4-2.4 m and the height is 1.5-2 m; - the distance between the center point of the support formwork (2) admitted to the excavation (7) and the infrastructures around the excavation that cannot be attached, eg road, fence, buildings, etc., is equal to or greater than the length of the supports used (6) and the sum of the radius of the support formwork (2). 2. Method of injection and extraction of formwork for excavation under compressed infrastructure conditions, consisting of: selection of an excavation excavation site, its enclosure, marking of existing communications, initial excavation of 0.5 to 2.0 m deep, over 10% of the supporting formwork cross-section, use of excavation, excavation excavation and leveling mechanism, characterized in that - screws (6) screwed to the edge of the support formwork (2); - the support formwork (2) is gradually introduced into the excavation (7) and plunged until the lateral supports (6) reach the ground surface, where the formwork rake is carried out by excavating the excavation mechanism (8) from the inside of said support formwork (2) (2) in cross-section, and gradually pressing said formwork (2) from above, wherein the pressure is applied uniformly over the entire circumference of the formwork (2), without pressing to prevent deformation and crossing of the support formwork (2); 6) upon reaching the ground, the remaining formwork, similarly to the excavation (7), shall be started to form one after the other until the required depth of the excavation (7) is reached, - removing telescopic formwork from the excavation (7) after construction or repair work on the underground pipeline and communication routes, starting with the deepest formwork (5), gradually pulling it up and at the same time leveling up the unnecessary excavation cavity primer until all or part of the excavation is leveled.