LT6141B - Snow-ice deicing mixture - Google Patents
Snow-ice deicing mixture Download PDFInfo
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- LT6141B LT6141B LT2013137A LT2013137A LT6141B LT 6141 B LT6141 B LT 6141B LT 2013137 A LT2013137 A LT 2013137A LT 2013137 A LT2013137 A LT 2013137A LT 6141 B LT6141 B LT 6141B
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- snow
- corrosion
- ice
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical group [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000219310 Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Species 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical class [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000021536 Sugar beet Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 2
- NAOLWIGVYRIGTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1 NAOLWIGVYRIGTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical class [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-RMMQSMQOSA-N Raffinose Natural products O(C[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@]2(CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O1)[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-RMMQSMQOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical class [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004280 Sodium formate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N UNPD196149 Natural products OC1C(O)C(CO)OC1(CO)OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(COC2C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O2)O)O1 MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical class [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LUYGICHXYUCIFA-UHFFFAOYSA-H calcium;dimagnesium;hexaacetate Chemical class [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O LUYGICHXYUCIFA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical class [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005909 ethyl alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004903 invert sugar Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011147 magnesium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium formate Chemical class [K+].[O-]C=O WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-ZQSKZDJDSA-N raffinose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)O1 MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-ZQSKZDJDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical class [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/18—Materials not provided for elsewhere for application to surfaces to minimize adherence of ice, mist or water thereto; Thawing or antifreeze materials for application to surfaces
- C09K3/185—Thawing materials
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Technikos lygisState of the art
Dažniausiai ledo ir sniego tirpinimo mišinių komponentai laikomi atskirai ir sumaišomi tik prieš barstymą, nes gali vykti sąveika tarp cheminių medžiagų. Vykstant tarpusavio reakcijai, mišinys gali ištyžti, saugant susigulėti ir todėl netolygiai išbarstomas naudojimo vietoje. Paprasčiausias iš šiam tikslui naudojamų yra natrio chlorido ir abrazyvinės medžiagos - smėlio arba žvyro mišinys. Tačiau toks sniego ir ledo tirpinimo mišinys sukelia nemažai neigiamų reiškinių: sukelia automobilių, kelių, betoninių ir metalo konstrukcijų bei įrenginių, šaligatvių koroziją. Be to, druskų ir sniego-ledo tirpalai nuteka į šalikeles, griovius ir kenkia pakelės augmenijai.In most cases, the components of the ice / snow thawing mixture are stored separately and mixed only prior to application because of the potential for chemical interaction. In the event of a reaction, the mixture may melt and coagulate under protection, resulting in uneven application at the site of application. The simplest of these is a mixture of sodium chloride and abrasive, either sand or gravel. However, such a mixture of snow and ice melting causes a number of negative effects: corrosion of cars, roads, concrete and metal structures and equipment, sidewalks. In addition, salt and snow-ice solutions run into sidewalks, ditches and damage roadside vegetation.
Sniego ir ledo tirpinimo mišiniams gaminti naudojamos druskos turi pasižymėti geromis fizikinėmis-cheminėmis savybėmis, t.y. būti kuo mažiau higroskopiškos, nesusigulinčios, netoksiškos, nedegios, nesprogios, žeminančios vandens-druskų tirpalų eutektinę temperatūrą, kuo mažiau sukelti metalo, betono, kelių dangų ar kitų paviršių cheminę koroziją. Kadangi dažniausiai naudojamos cheminės medžiagos yra chloridai, ir šios druskos yra pakankamai korozingos, todėl aplinkai ir žmonėms saugiau jas naudoti maišant su korozijos inhibitoriais - medžiagomis, kurių nedidelės koncentracijos labai sulėtina metalų korozijos greitį. Tipiniai inhibitoriai tokiems mišiniams yra aminai, fosfatai, cinko druskos, boratai, silikatai arba chromatai. Paskutinį dešimtmetį vis daugėja patentų, kai į sniego-ledo tirpinimo mišinius, kaip korozijos inhibitorius, prideda organinių medžiagų arba organinių produktų gamybos atliekų, gerai tirpstančių vandenyje.Salts used for the preparation of snow and ice melting mixtures must have good physico-chemical properties, i. to be as hygroscopic, non-coagulant, non-toxic, non-flammable, non-explosive, to lower the eutectic temperature of water-salt solutions, and to minimize chemical corrosion of metal, concrete, road coatings or other surfaces. Because the most commonly used chemicals are chlorides and these salts are sufficiently corrosive, it is safer for the environment and humans to use when combined with corrosion inhibitors, substances whose low concentrations greatly slow down the rate of metal corrosion. Typical inhibitors for such mixtures are amines, phosphates, zinc salts, borates, silicates or chromates. The last decade has seen an increasing number of patents adding organic matter or organic product waste, which is highly water soluble, to snow-ice melting mixtures as corrosion inhibitors.
US patente Nr. 4676918 sniego-ledo tirpinimo mišinyje chloridų druskos yra maišomos su etilo alkoholio gamybos atliekomis, kurių kiekis mišinyje siekia 20-90 masės %.U.S. Pat. 4676918 In the snow-ice melting mixture, the chloride salts are mixed with ethyl alcohol residues in an amount of 20-90% by weight.
US Patente Nr. 4824588 sniego-ledo tirpinimo mišinys gaunamas chloridų druskas maišant su sacharino rūgštimi ir lignosulfonatais.U.S. Pat. 4824588 The snow-ice dissolution mixture is prepared by mixing the chloride salts with saccharic acid and lignosulfonates.
Tačiau tai specifinės atliekos ir jų kiekis mišiniuose yra labai didelis, todėl jų mišiniai su druskomis skirti naudoti tirpalų pavidalo.However, these are specific wastes and their amount in mixtures is very high and therefore their mixtures with salts are intended to be used in the form of solutions.
Žinomas būdas (WO 2013068299), kai sniego ir ledo tirpinimo agentą sudaro grupė medžiagų, susidedančių iš natrio chlorido, kalcio magnio acetato, kalcio chlorido, magnio chlorido, kalcio acetato, natrio acetato, natrio formiato, kalio formiato, lignino darinių ir melasos.The known process (WO 2013068299), wherein the snow and ice melting agent comprises a group consisting of sodium chloride, calcium magnesium acetate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium acetate, sodium acetate, sodium formate, potassium formate, lignin derivatives and molasses.
Tokių įvairios prigimties cheminių junginių naudojimas ledo-sniego tirpinimo mišiniui gaminti gali sumažinti komponentų tarpusavio tirpumą, sukelti tarpusavio sąveiką, kuri pablogintų mišinio fizikines savybes, sukeltų mišinio susigulėjimą, be to, kai kurie komponentai yra toksiški ir brangūs.The use of such chemical compounds of various natures in the preparation of an ice-snow melting mixture may reduce the solubility of the components, cause interactions that would degrade the physical properties of the mixture, cause the mixture to coagulate, and some components are toxic and expensive.
Artimiausias techninis sprendimas (CA 2287582) yra sniegą ir ledą tirpinantis mišinys, kurio pagrindinę dalį sudaro druska, natrio chloridas, sumaišytas cukraus gamybos atlieka, konkrečiai, korozijos inhibitoriumi melasa. Melasos koncentracija mišinyje siekia 5-25 masės %. Sprendimo trūkumas yra tai, kad tokį mišinį reikia naudoti iš karto sumaišius, nes jis tyžta ir greitai susiguli, todėl jo išbarstymas tampa sudėtingas. Be to, abejonę kelia didelis melasos kiekis, kuris irgi gali veikti paprastuosius plienus agresyviai.The closest technical solution (CA 2287582) is a mixture of snow and ice, consisting mainly of salt, sodium chloride, mixed with sugar-making waste, specifically corrosion inhibitor molasses. The molasses concentration in the mixture is 5-25% by weight. The disadvantage of the solution is that such a mixture must be used immediately after mixing, as it is intentional and quick to coagulate, which makes it difficult to spread. In addition, the high molasses content, which can also act aggressively on ordinary steels, is questionable.
Išradimo esmėThe essence of the invention
Išradimo tikslas yra gauti sniego ir ledo tirpinimo mišinį, veikiantį žemose temperatūrose (-20-30°C), netoksišką, tolygiai susimaišiusį bei nesusigulintį, nedulkantį, mažai higroskopišką, tolygiai išbarstomą net po ilgesnio laikymo sandėliuose ar kitose paruošimo vietose, o taip pat minimaliai sukeliantį metalo, betono konstrukcijų ir detalių bei kelių koroziją.The object of the present invention is to provide a snow and ice melting mixture operating at low temperatures (-20 to 30 ° C), non-toxic, evenly admixed and non-coagulated, dust-free, low hygroscopic, evenly dispersed even after prolonged storage or storage. causing corrosion of metal, concrete structures and components and roads.
Patentuojamame sniego ir ledo tirpinimo mišinyje pagrindinis komponentas yra natrio chloridas, kaip korozijos inhibitorius naudojama melasa ir kaip didinantis inhibitoriaus veikimą bei mišinio tirpumą pridedamas karbamidas, jei reikia, amonio dihidrofosfatas. Karbamidas maišomas su melasa ir padidina jos, kaip korozijos inhibitoriaus, veikimą, o taip pat pagreitina sniego ar ledo tirpimą. Karbamido mišinyje yra apie 0,1-5,0 masės %, amonio dihidrofosfato mišinyje gali būti 0,1-5,0 masės %.In the patented mixture of snow and ice melting, the main component is sodium chloride, molasses is used as a corrosion inhibitor and urea, if necessary, is added as ammonium dihydrogen phosphate to increase the action of the inhibitor and the solubility of the mixture. Urea is mixed with molasses to enhance its action as a corrosion inhibitor, and also to accelerate melting of snow or ice. The urea mixture contains about 0.1-5.0% by weight, and the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate mixture may contain 0.1-5.0% by weight.
Amonio dihidrofosfate gali būti iki 15,0 masės % amonio hidrofosfato. Karbamido ir amonio dihidrofosfato bendras kiekis mišinyje sudaro 0,2-5,0 masės %.Ammonium dihydrophosphate may contain up to 15.0% by weight of ammonium hydrophosphate. The total amount of urea and ammonium dihydrophosphate in the mixture is 0.2-5.0% by weight.
Tinkamiausi įgyvendinimo variantaiPreferred embodiments
Naudojama melasa yra Marijampolės „ARVI cukrus“ cukraus gamybos iš cukrinių runkelių šalutinis produktas, gautas nucentrifugavus kristalinį cukrų. Sausų medžiagų kiekis melasoje, gautoje perdirbant cukrinius runkelius, yra nuo 75 iki 85 masės %. Sausų medžiagų kiekis melasoje sudaro: 44 - 53 masės % sacharidų, kuriuose yra iki 51 masės % sacharozės, apie 1 masės % invertuoto cukraus, 1 masės % rafinozės; 14,5 - 15 masės % azoto junginių, 16-17 masės % kitų necukrinių medžiagų ir 8,5-12 masės % pelenų.The molasses used is a by-product of the sugar beet production of ARVI sugar in Marijampolė, obtained by centrifugation of crystallized sugar. The dry matter content of the molasses obtained from the processing of sugar beet is between 75 and 85% by weight. The dry matter content of the molasses comprises: 44 - 53% by weight of saccharides containing up to 51% by weight of sucrose, about 1% by weight of invert sugar, 1% by weight of raffinose; 14.5 to 15% by weight of nitrogen compounds, 16 to 17% by weight of other non-sugars and 8.5 to 12% by weight of ash.
Melasos sudėtyje yra azoto junginių: amino rūgščių, amidų, glutamo ir betaino rūgščių, o taip pat pieno, acto ir skruzdžių organinių rūgščių.Molasses contains nitrogen compounds: amino acids, amides, glutamic and betainic acids, as well as lactic, acetic and formic organic acids.
Vandens kiekis melasoje yra 17-25 masės %.The water content of the molasses is 17-25% by weight.
Tankis (20°C temperatūroje) - 1,41 g/cm3.Density (at 20 ° C): 1.41 g / cm 3 .
Klampa priklauso nuo temperatūros. 25°C temperatūroje melasos dinaminė klampa, nustatyta naudojant rotacinį viskozimetrą, yra apie 25 puazai.Viscosity depends on temperature. At 25 ° C, the dynamic viscosity of the molasses, determined using a rotary viscometer, is about 25 pools.
Kinematinė klampa esant skirtingoms temperatūroms yra tokia: 40° - 750 mm2/s; 60° - 216 mm2/s; 80° - 72,4 mm2/s.The kinematic viscosity at different temperatures is as follows: 40 ° - 750 mm 2 / s; 60 ° - 216 mm 2 / s; 80 ° - 72.4 mm 2 / s.
Sniego ir ledo tirpinimo mišinių svarbiausios techninės charakteristikos buvo tiriamos tokiais būdais.The most important technical characteristics of snow and ice melting mixtures were investigated as follows.
Plieno korozija nustatyta elektrocheminiu metodu. Elektrocheminiams tyrimams naudotos specialiai paruoštos mažai anglies turinčios plieno St-3 plokštelės. Elektrocheminiams tyrimams naudotas universalus potenciostatas/galvanostatas PGSTAT-12 (Nyderlandai).The corrosion of steel was determined by electrochemical method. Specially prepared low carbon steel St-3 plates were used for electrochemical studies. The universal potentiostat / galvanostat PGSTAT-12 (Netherlands) was used for electrochemical studies.
Korozijos kinetinės charakteristikos nustatytos iš plieno poliarizacijos kreivių E=ln j koordinatėse (Šterno diagrama). Korozijos potencialas (Ek, ) ir korozijos srovė (/k,) nustatyti iš Šterno diagramos.Kinetic characteristics of corrosion are determined from steel polarization curves at E = ln j coordinates (Stern diagram). Corrosion potential (E k ,) and corrosion current (/ k,) are determined from the Stern diagram.
Priimant, kad korozija visame plieno paviršiuje vyksta tolygiai, apskaičiuotas korozijos prasiskverbimo gylis:Assuming uniform corrosion throughout the steel surface, the corrosion penetration depth was calculated as follows:
pn čia: j- korozijos srovė, μΑ/cm2; M - geležies molinė masė, 55,847g/mol; n elektrodinėje reakcijoje dalyvaujančių elektronų skaičius, 3; p - plieno tankis , 7,85 g/cm3; R-konstanta, 3,27-10'3, mm g/pA cm.pn where: j - corrosion current, μΑ / cm 2 ; M - molar mass of iron, 55.847 g / mol; n number of electrons involved in the electrode reaction, 3; p - steel density, 7.85 g / cm 3 ; R-constant, from 3.27 to 10 '3 mm g / cm pA.
Mišinio susigulėjimas buvo nustatomas pagal trąšų susigulėjimo nustatymo metodiką.The coagulation of the mixture was determined according to the fertilizer coagulation determination procedure.
Dulkėtumas buvo nustatomas vizualiniu būdu.Dustiness was determined visually.
Tirpimo greitis buvo tirtas ledo bandinius užberiant vienodu druskos kiekiu (10 g) ir gravimetriniu būdu nustatant bandinio (ledo ir druskos) masės sumažėjimą per laiko tarpą. Ledo bandiniai paruošti užšaldant 100 cm3 vandens -20°C temperatūroje. Toje pačioje temperatūroje buvo atliekami tirpumo tyrimai. Duomenys perskaičiuoti į masės procentus.The dissolution rate was investigated by filling the ice samples with equal amounts of salt (10 g) and gravimetrically determining the weight loss of the sample (ice and salt) over time. The ice samples were prepared by freezing in 100 cm 3 of water at -20 ° C. Solubility tests were performed at the same temperature. Data are converted to percentage by weight.
Drėgnis buvo nustatomas kaip pradinis (tik pagaminto mišinio) ir po to bandinio, išlaikyto 7 paras lauko sąlygomis. Drėgmės kiekis buvo nustatytas laboratoriniu drėgnomačiu KERN MLS, džiovinant iki pastovios masės, palaipsniui keliant temperatūrą iki 120°C. Rezultatai pateikiami kaip trijų matavimų vidurkis masės procentais.Humidity was determined as initial (for the mixture only) and then for the specimen stored for 7 days in the field. The moisture content was determined with a KERN MLS laboratory moisture meter, drying to constant weight, gradually raising the temperature to 120 ° C. The results are expressed as a percentage by mass of the three measurements.
Išradimo esmė iliustruojama pavyzdžiais.The invention is illustrated by the following examples.
pavyzdysexample
Mišinys paruoštas maišant 99 g natrio chlorido ir 1 g melasos.The mixture was prepared by mixing 99 g of sodium chloride and 1 g of molasses.
Ištirpusio ledo masė: 2,73 % per 30 min., 7,01 % per 1 vai.Melted ice mass: 2.73% in 30 minutes, 7.01% in 1 hour.
Korozijos prasiskverbimo gylis K = 0,038 mm/metus. Mišinys nesusiguli, nedulka.Depth of corrosion penetration K = 0.038 mm / year. The mixture does not coagulate, does not dust.
Drėgnis pradinis 0,97 %; po išlaikymo 1,41 %; skirtumas 0,44 %.Humidity initial 0.97%; after retention 1.41%; a difference of 0.44%.
pavyzdysexample
Mišinys paruoštas maišant 98 g natrio chlorido ir 2 g melasos.The mixture was prepared by mixing 98 g of sodium chloride and 2 g of molasses.
Ištirpusio ledo masė: 3,42 % per 30 min., 9,63 % per 1 vai.Mass of melted ice: 3.42% in 30 minutes, 9.63% in 1 hour.
Korozijos prasiskverbimo gylis K = 0,056 mm/metus. Mišinys nesusiguli, nedulka.Depth of corrosion penetration K = 0.056 mm / year. The mixture does not coagulate, does not dust.
Drėgnis pradinis 1,06 %; po išlaikymo 1,85 %; skirtumas 0,79 %.Humidity initial 1.06%; after retention 1.85%; a difference of 0.79%.
pavyzdysexample
Mišinys paruoštas maišant 99 g natrio chlorido ir 1 g karbamido.The mixture was prepared by mixing 99 g of sodium chloride and 1 g of urea.
Ištirpusio ledo masė: 3,46 % per 30 min., 8,824 % per 1 vai.Melted ice mass: 3.46% in 30 minutes, 8.824% in 1 hour.
Korozijos prasiskverbimo gylis K = 0,0137 mm/metus. Mišinys nesusiguli, nedulka.Corrosion penetration depth K = 0.0137 mm / year. The mixture does not coagulate, does not dust.
Drėgnis pradinis 0,89 %; po išlaikymo 1,13 %; skirtumas 0,24 %.Humidity initial 0.89%; after retention 1.13%; a difference of 0.24%.
pavyzdysexample
Mišinys paruoštas maišant 98 g natrio chlorido ir 2 g karbamido.The mixture was prepared by mixing 98 g of sodium chloride and 2 g of urea.
Ištirpusio ledo masė: 3,02 % per 30 min., 8,02 % per 1 vai.Mass of melted ice: 3.02% in 30 minutes, 8.02% in 1 hour.
Korozijos prasiskverbimo gylis K = 0,0276 mm/metus. Mišinys nesusiguli, nedulka.Corrosion penetration depth K = 0.0276 mm / year. The mixture does not coagulate, does not dust.
Drėgnis pradinis 0,78 %; po išlaikymo 1,04 %; skirtumas 0,26%.Humidity initial 0.78%; after retention 1.04%; a difference of 0.26%.
pavyzdysexample
Mišinys paruoštas maišant 99 g natrio chlorido ir 1 g amonio dihidrofosfato.The mixture was prepared by mixing 99 g of sodium chloride and 1 g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
Ištirpusio ledo masė: 2,02 % per 30 min., 5,46 % per 1 vai.Mass of melted ice: 2.02% in 30 minutes, 5.46% in 1 hour.
Korozijos prasiskverbimo gylis K = 0,0243 mm/metus. Mišinys silpnai susiguli, nedulka.Depth of corrosion penetration K = 0.0243 mm / year. The mixture is weakly coagulated and does not dust.
Drėgnis pradinis 0,65 % ; po išlaikymo 0,88 %; skirtumas 0,23 %.Humidity initial 0.65%; after retention 0.88%; a difference of 0.23%.
pavyzdysexample
Mišinys paruoštas maišant 98 g natrio chlorido ir 2 g amonio dihidrofosfato.The mixture was prepared by mixing 98 g of sodium chloride and 2 g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
Ištirpusio ledo masė: 1,47 % per 30 min., 4,13 % per 1 vai.Dissolved ice mass: 1.47% in 30 min, 4.13% in 1 hr.
Korozijos prasiskverbimo gylis K = 0,0109 mm/metus. Mišinys silpnai susiguli, nedulka.Depth of corrosion penetration K = 0.0109 mm / year. The mixture is weakly coagulated and does not dust.
Drėgnis pradinis 0,74 %; po išlaikymo 1,04 %; skirtumas 0,29 %.Humidity initial 0.74%; after retention 1.04%; a difference of 0.29%.
pavyzdysexample
Mišinys paruoštas maišant 96 g natrio chlorido ir 2 g melasos ir 2 g karbamido.The mixture was prepared by mixing 96 g of sodium chloride with 2 g of molasses and 2 g of urea.
Ištirpusio ledo masė: 2,65 % per 30 min., 6,95 % per 1 vai.Mass of melted ice: 2.65% in 30 minutes, 6.95% in 1 hour.
Korozijos prasiskverbimo gylis K = 0,0119 mm/metus. Mišinys nesusiguli, nedulka.Corrosion penetration depth K = 0.0119 mm / year. The mixture does not coagulate, does not dust.
Drėgnis pradinis 1,32 %; po išlaikymo 1,78 % ; skirtumas 0,46 %.Humidity initial 1.32%; after retention 1.78%; a difference of 0.46%.
pavyzdysexample
Mišinys paruoštas maišant 96 g natrio chlorido ir 2 g melasos, 1 g karbamido ir 1 g amonio dihidrofosfato.The mixture was prepared by stirring 96 g of sodium chloride and 2 g of molasses, 1 g of urea and 1 g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
Ištirpusio ledo masė: 3,36 % per 30 min., 11,02 % per 1 vai.Mass of melted ice: 3.36% in 30 min, 11.02% in 1 hr.
Korozijos prasiskverbimo gylis K = 0,0077 mm/metus. Mišinys linkęs susigulėti, nedulka.Depth of corrosion penetration K = 0.0077 mm / year. The mixture tends to coagulate, does not dust.
Drėgnis pradinis 1,33 %; po išlaikymo 1,67 % ; skirtumas 0,34 %.Humidity initial 1.33%; after retention 1.67%; a difference of 0.34%.
Patentuojamas sniego-ledo tirpinimo mišinys, palyginus su žinomais, turi privalumų.The patented snow-ice melting mixture has advantages over known ones.
Karbamido priedas apie 10 kartų sumažina metalų korozijos greitį ir drėgmės sugertį - higroskopiškumą. Gautas produktas nedulka ir nesusiguli. Gaunamas dar didesnis teigiamas efektas: metalų korozijos greitis sumažėja iki 20 kartų ir sumažėja drėgmės sugertis, kai naudojamas karbamidas kartu su amonio dihidrofosfatu.Addition of urea reduces the corrosion rate of metals and the hygroscopicity by about 10 times. The resulting product does not dust or coagulate. An even greater positive effect is obtained: the corrosion rate of metals is reduced by up to 20 times and the moisture absorption is reduced when urea is used in combination with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
Naudojamas 0,5-5,0 masės % melasos kiekis yra optimaliausias, nes, esant mišinyje melasos mažiau, negu 0,5 masės %., jos, kaip korozijos inhibitoriaus veikimas, labai nežymus, o, esant melasos daugiau, negu 5,0 masės %, mišinys tyžta, susiguli, jo neįmanoma kokybiškai išbarstyti.The amount of molasses used in the range of 0.5-5.0% by weight is optimal because, when present in a mixture of less than 0.5% by weight, the molasses has a negligible effect as a corrosion inhibitor and more than 5.0 in the case of molasses. % by weight, the mixture is intentionally lying down, it is impossible to disperse qualitatively.
Pagal siūlomą patentą supaprastėja sniego-ledo tirpinimo mišinių gamybos, laikymo ir naudojimo sąlygos, padidėja veiksmingumas, sumažėja kenksmingas poveikis aplinkai. Mišinio gamybai naudojamos netoksiškos, nesprogios, palyginus pigios medžiagos, gamybai nereikia sudėtingų įrengimų bei išskirtinių sąlygų.The proposed patent simplifies the conditions for the production, storage and use of snow-ice thawing mixtures, increases efficiency, and reduces environmental impact. Non-toxic, non-explosive, relatively inexpensive materials are used in the production of the mixture, and it does not require complicated equipment and exceptional conditions.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LT2013137A LT6141B (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2013-12-19 | Snow-ice deicing mixture |
| EP14835573.8A EP3083871A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2014-12-05 | Snow and ice melting composition |
| EA201500896A EA201500896A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2014-12-05 | COMPOSITION FOR MELTING SNOW AND ICE |
| PCT/IB2014/066634 WO2015092600A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2014-12-05 | Snow and ice melting composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LT2013137A LT6141B (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2013-12-19 | Snow-ice deicing mixture |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| LT2013137A LT2013137A (en) | 2014-11-25 |
| LT6141B true LT6141B (en) | 2015-04-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| LT2013137A LT6141B (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2013-12-19 | Snow-ice deicing mixture |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
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| EP (1) | EP3083871A1 (en) |
| EA (1) | EA201500896A1 (en) |
| LT (1) | LT6141B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2015092600A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| ES2545931B1 (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2016-06-23 | Construcciones Y Obras Llorente, S.A. | Additive anticorrosive composition for defrosting and antifreeze products, product that comprises it and method of preparation thereof |
| CN114292624B (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2024-03-19 | 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 | A solid snow melting agent and its preparation method, use method and application |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2287582A1 (en) | 1998-10-27 | 2000-04-27 | The Dow Chemical Company | Corrosion inhibited chloride salt de-icers |
| WO2013068299A1 (en) | 2011-11-09 | 2013-05-16 | Akzo Nobel Chemicals International B.V. | Deicing composition |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT393275B (en) | 1985-11-29 | 1991-09-25 | Alkoto Ifjusag Egyesueles | ANTIFREEZE AGENT BASED ON MELASS SLAVE |
| US4824588A (en) | 1987-12-18 | 1989-04-25 | Reed Lignin Inc. | Deicing agent |
| KR100689296B1 (en) * | 2006-01-25 | 2007-03-02 | 정승철 | Snow removing agent and its manufacturing method |
| US8048332B2 (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2011-11-01 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc | Method for inhibiting ice formation and accumulation |
-
2013
- 2013-12-19 LT LT2013137A patent/LT6141B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2014
- 2014-12-05 WO PCT/IB2014/066634 patent/WO2015092600A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2014-12-05 EA EA201500896A patent/EA201500896A1/en unknown
- 2014-12-05 EP EP14835573.8A patent/EP3083871A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2287582A1 (en) | 1998-10-27 | 2000-04-27 | The Dow Chemical Company | Corrosion inhibited chloride salt de-icers |
| WO2013068299A1 (en) | 2011-11-09 | 2013-05-16 | Akzo Nobel Chemicals International B.V. | Deicing composition |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EA201500896A1 (en) | 2016-07-29 |
| WO2015092600A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
| EP3083871A1 (en) | 2016-10-26 |
| LT2013137A (en) | 2014-11-25 |
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