LT5537B - Stogo dengiamoji medziaga - Google Patents

Abstract

Isradimas priklauso stogo dengiamosioms medziagoms, ypac lankscioms stogo dengiamosioms medziagoms. Isradimo tikslas yra padidinti stogo dengiamosios medziagos susijungimo su saugomu pavirsiumi kokybe del optimalaus adhezijos tasku paskirstymo stogo dengiamojoje medziagoje. Stogo dengiamoji medziaga apima pagrinda (4), pagaminta kaip pluostini laksta (2) su impregnatu (1), turinti pirmaji (30) ir antraji (31) didelius pavirsius, du dangos sluoksnius (3), isdestytus ant pirmojo (30) ir antrojo (31) dideliu pavirsiu, ir profiliuota sluoksni (5) su igilinimais (7) ir iskilimais (6), isdestyta ant vieno is dangos sluoksniu (3), o taip pat plevele, patalpinta ant iskilimu (6), formuojant tustumas (32) tarp pleveles (8) ir profiliuoto sluoksnio (5). Iskilimai (6) pagaminti taip, kad ju pavirsius, atsuktas i priesinga puse nuo pagrindo (4), turi antro laipsnio lygaus pavirsiaus fragmento forma. Stogo dengiamosios medziagos pritvirtinimui ant stogo pagrindo nuo jos aplydimu pasalinama plevele(8), naudojant

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to roofing materials, namely to flexible roofing materials.

State of the art

Known roofing materials with a layered structure, such as ruberoid, consist of three main layers - cardboard as a base, a bituminous layer with a smooth surface on both sides of the cardboard and an additional layer - sprinkling (www.gudron.ru), as well as roof covering material for the manufacture of Shinglas flexible tile (TechnoNICOL on pitched roofs guideline, M: TechnoNICOL, 2002, pages 3-4), based on impregnated glazing with modified bitumen, with two sides bituminous coating. The latter roofing material has a coarse-grained basalt sprinkling on one side and a self-adhesive coating on the other side of the coating layer, which is a smooth layer of frost-resistant bituminous polymer coated with an easily removable siliconized film. When roofing with such materials, they heat up unevenly and do not fully adhere to the roof substrate (blistering may occur between the roofing material and the substrate, skewing of the roofing material, etc.), which reduces the quality of the coating obtained with these roofing materials.

The closest technical solution is a bituminous roofing sheet material (U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,793, priority dated 07.07.1989), consisting of a bitumen layer on which one of the two opposite sides is covered with a thermo-activated adhesive layer covered with a thin plastic film. The adhesive layer has a structure of self-alternating parallel grooves and continuous edges, with a groove spacing of at least 10 mm. In particular, the grooves can be arranged in the longitudinal direction of the roofing material. In the cut perpendicular to the surface of the roofing material and its length, the grooves and edges of the adhesive layer have the shape of equilateral triangles. When using a roofing material, it warms up to melt the plastic film, for example from the warm air on the side of the adhesive layer. The edges of the edges soften and melt, but at the same time, due to the uneven distribution of heat, the edges become deformed and may change in height and shape. In the heated state without a plastic film, the roofing material is applied with an adhesive layer to the roof base and pressed against it. The roofing material adheres to the substrate, but due to deformation and small contact area with the substrate, incomplete and insufficient quality of the roofing material is bonded to the substrate. This narrows the scope for using such roofing material.

The disadvantage of the known technical solution is the poor quality of the roofing material's connection to the protected surface.

The object of the present invention is to increase the quality of the connection of the roofing material to the protected surface due to the optimal arrangement of the adhesive points.

Disclosure of the Invention

This object is achieved by the fact that in a roofing material consisting of an impregnated fibrous sheet substrate having first and second large surfaces, two layers of coating placed on said first and second large surfaces and a profiled layer with indentations and protrusions placed on one of the said coating layers, as well as a film deposited on said bumps to form voids between said film and the profiled layer, said bumps being formed so that their surface facing to the opposite side has the shape of a second-order smooth surface fragment.

Brief description of the drawings

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention is explained in the drawings (Figs. 1-3), which show the roof covering material and its production scheme. FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a roofing material, FIG. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a roof covering material production system, fig. Figure 3 shows a fragment of the roofing material manufacturing process.

Implementation of the Invention

Description of roofing material

In the drawing figures, in ascending clockwise order:

Impregnate 1, fibrous sheet 2, coating layers 3, base 4, profiled layer 5, bumps 6, indentations 7, film 8, coating mass 9, workpiece 10, guide shafts, clamping shafts 12, profile shafts 13, cutting shafts 14, cutting device 15, roll 16, wrapper 17, film wrapper 18, cutter 19, weaving device 20, leveling device 21, second coating bath 22, heating device 23, binding mass 24, first coating bath 25, impregnation coating coating 26 , unwrapping device 27, emulsion 28, ridges 29, first large surface 30, second large surface 31, voids 32.

The roofing material (Fig. 1) consists of a substrate 4, a profiled layer 5 and a film 8. The layers of the roofing material are arranged parallel to one another in the following order: substrate 4, profiled layer 5, film 8.

The substrate 4 is fabricated as a fibrous sheet 2 (the fibers are represented by circles) impregnated with an impregnate 1 with identical coating layers 3 applied on either side of the large surfaces (first 30 and second 31).

The additional coating layers 3 may have a sprinkling layer over them when the sprinkler particles are attached and / or when the individual sprinkler particles have penetrated to the depth of the coating layers 3 (not shown in the figures).

Above the base 4 of one of the large surfaces (in the illustrated embodiment above the second large surface 31), a profiled layer 5 is formed on the coating layer 3 made of a coating mass 9. The profiled layer 5 has a surface formed alternatingly with protrusions 6 and indentations 7.

The bumps in the direction 6, which are directed opposite to the base 4, have the shape of a second-degree smooth surface fragment (I.N. Bronshtein, K.A. Semedyaev. Mathematics Directory for Engineers and Higher Education Students. - M. Nauka, 1980, p. 329,451).

The projections 6 may have, for example, a second-order smooth surface fragment with a center of symmetry in the form of an ellipsoid (swirling ellipsoid, elongated rotational ellipsoid, sphere) or a second-order smooth surface fragment without a symmetry the incision is a single branch of hyperbole) in the shape of a parabolic cylinder).

In this case, a second-order smooth surface fragment is considered to be a portion formed by cutting a portion in a plane from the total surface and being the smaller portion of the surface specified. It is also expedient that the projection of the second-order surface fragment points, which is the surface of the projection 6, does not extend beyond the base of the projection 6.

In the case of a second degree smooth surface with a center of symmetry (ellipsoid), the cut-off part may have, for example, a dome or drop shape.

In the case of a second-order center of symmetry with no smooth surface (cylinder), the plane of intersection is selected parallel to the central axis of the cylinder so that the section cut off is indivisible. In addition, the cut off part of this surface shall be positioned so that the central axis is parallel to the second major surface.

In this case, each protrusion 6 has the shape of a half-perpendicular circular cylinder (the perpendicular circular cylinder is to be understood as a circle-based cylinder and its perpendicular to the plane of the base) and its center axis is parallel to the length of the roofing material and The shape and size of each of the bumps 6 shall be identical and arranged parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction (here and thereafter in a longitudinal direction understood by the length of the roofing material). The recesses 7 are located between each of the two adjacent bumps 6 (unless the bumps 6 are located at the edges of the roofing material).

The height of the bumps 6 depends on the thickness of the roofing material and the type of mixtures used to make it. The height of the bumps 6 is understood as the distance from the deepest point 7 of the most deep into the profiled layer 5 to the point 6 of the most raised bump.

All recesses 7 are identical in shape and size, oriented longitudinally. The recesses 7 in this case are in the form of straight grooves which have the same profile (for example, angular, arc, etc.) over the entire length.

The substrate 4 and the profiled layer 5 are bonded between themselves due to adhesion and, possibly, partial diffusion at their contact points.

The film over the profiled layer 5 is arranged such that it covers the profiled layer 5 over the entire area. In addition, the film 8 is in contact with and connected to the most raised portions of the projections 6. Where there are recesses 7 beneath the film 8, there are voids 32 between it and recesses 7.

Examples of the manufacture of roofing material illustrating individual embodiments of the invention

The roofing material is produced in this way. At the beginning of the process, the blank 10 of the substrate 4 is prepared as a fibrous sheet 2. For example, the substrate 4 may be made of glass, glass cloth, polymeric cloth, in this case glass cloth. The wrapped blank 10 of the base 4 is fixed on the unwinding machine 27 and raised to the required height by the lifting device. Impregnate 1 is heated, placed in an impregnation-coating bath 26. Impregnate 1 must have properties that ensure the gaseous and liquid components 10 of the substrate 4 are ejected (preventing future substrate 4), reinforcement of substrate 4, and its improved adhesive properties (solid substrate). 4 adhesion to other roofing material components). As the impregnate 1, for example, bitumen or a bituminous polymer blend, in this case a bituminous polymer blend, are used as the impregnate. The workpiece 10 of the substrate 4 is drawn by guide rollers 11 (e.g., electromechanical drive) through the heated impregnate 1 in the impregnation-coating bath 26, thereby impregnating the workpiece 4 of the substrate 4 with the moisture and gas splashes. When exiting the impregnation - coating bath 26, the base 4 is pressed against the clamping shafts 12 to remove the impregnated residue 1.

After this impregnation, the blank 10 of the substrate 4 is passed through guide rollers 11 through a heated binding mass 24 in a first coating bath 25, whereby coating layers 3 of the bonding mass 24 are applied to the first 30 and second 31 large surfaces of base 4. and, moreover, the coating layer 3 disposed on the first side of the large surface 30 may serve to provide a better adhesion of the base 4 to the other layers applied thereto. Binding mass 24 may be used, for example, as a bituminous-polymeric mixture.

The coating layers 3 may have a spray applied on top of the bonding mass 24 on the large surfaces 4 of the first 30 and a second 31, in addition a coarse particle (e.g. granite or basalt crumb) on the first large surface 30. spraying with fine particles (for example, fine-grained sand) on 31 sides of a large surface. Apply a sprinkler (not shown in the drawings) to the substrate 4 so that its particles are pressed into and / or partially positioned on the surface of the binder mass (not shown in the drawings).

In the case where no sprinkling is used, the coating layer 3 applied to the first large surface 30 completely covers the surface (for example with a polyethylene film) in a protective layer application device (not shown in the drawings). The protective layer adheres to the coating layer 3 and protects it from external influences.

The base 4 is then passed through a heating device 23 where one of its large surfaces (in this case 31) is heated by gas burners to 70 ° C. Such heating is carried out in order to provide a better adhesion of the substrate 4 to the subsequent coating mass 9.

Subsequently, the substrate 4 with the heated second large surface 31 is guided by guide rollers 11 in the second coating bath 22 through the coating mass 9 and thereby applying to said second large surface 31 said coating mass 9. Namely the coating mass 9 may contain bitumen or bitumen-polymer blend. ie a mixture of bitumen and a polymer modifier (for example, polyolefins, atactic and isotactic polypropylenes, styrene-butadiene-styrene thermoplastic elastomers).

The bitumens of binder weight 24 and coating mass 9 used as components of impregnate 1 have a complex mixture of petroleum high molecular weight carbon and their heterodarrons containing oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and metals (vanadium, iron, nickel, sodium, etc.). The main components of petroleum bitumen are asphaltenes, resins and petroleum oils. The former determine the strength of bitumen, the second the cementation and elasticity, the third serve as a liquid medium for resins and asphaltenes. As a rule, hard and semi-hard bitumen is used in the production of roofing materials. (William L. Leffer; Oil Processing. 2nd edition, revised. Translated from English: M.: closed company olimpus - Business, 003,143 - 148; Great Soviet Encyclopedia. 3d edition - M.: Sov. Encyclopedia, 1969).

The use of bituminous binder 24 and coating mass 9 with polymeric modifiers (e.g. with one of the above) as impregnate 1 significantly improves the main consumable properties of roofing material - waterproofing, cold resistance (frost resistance), heat resistance, tensile strength, stiffness.

The substrate with the coating mass 9 applied thereto is passed through a leveling device 21 (in this case, a tubular heated shaver), where the thickness of the applied coating mass 9 takes place.

Subsequently, the base 4 with the coating mass 9 applied thereto is passed through the supporting shafts and further passed through the profile shaft 13 and the press shaft 14, which form a pair (in other embodiments, the press shaft 14 may not be present) (FIG. 3). In addition, the coating mass 9 applied to the second large surface 31 of the substrate contacts the surface of the profiled shaft 13, the clamping shaft 14 clamps the base 4 to the profiled shaft 13. The surface of the profiled shaft 13 is formed with a reflection of the relief obtained by the profiled layer 5. Its surface is chromed to prevent the hot coating mass 9 from adhering to the profiled shaft 13. For the same purpose, a drawing device 20 is disposed adjacent to the profiling shaft 13, which in turn emits an emulsion 28 (in this case a soap emulsion) on the surface of the profiling shaft 13 in turn.

By clamping the coating mass 9 applied to the second large surface 31 of the base 4 to the surface of the profiled shaft 13 as it rotates, the ridges 29 in the coating mass 9 form relief from recesses 7 and projections 6. At the same time, the resulting profiled shaft 13 cools layer 5, while preserving and not altering the formed terrain.

The surface formation of the profiled layer 5 can also be accomplished in other ways, for example by cutting the cooled coating mass 9 with a cooling shaft or by squeezing the recesses 7 using thin jets of steam and air fed through the nozzles.

As described above, the relief of the profiled pavement 5 consists of regularly alternating bumps 6 and recesses 7 of the required shape, arranged parallel to each other and oriented in the longitudinal direction. However, other alternatives to form the relief of the profiled layer 5 of the roof covering material are possible, for example: alternating between recesses of the same or different size and domed protrusions; for elevations alternating with indentations in free order or according to free law and so on.

The roofing material is then passed through a trimming device 19, in which the excess coating mass 9 is removed along the edges of the base 4 with the profiled layer 5.

Thereafter, a film 8 is applied over the profiled layer 5 in the film applicator 18, in which case the film 8 uses a silicone polymer film having a thickness of 10 microns. The film 8 adheres to the portions of the more raised projections 6, furthermore, voids 32 are formed between the film 8 and the indentations 7.

This results in a finished roof covering material with a profiled layer 5 applied to the second large surface 31 from a coating mass 9 covered with a film 8. The height of the projections 6 is 3 mm in the manufactured roof covering material, the distance between each of the two closest projections 6 is 4 mm. In other embodiments, the height of the bumps 6 may be both constant within a range of 0.5 to 3 mm and vary within the specified material, and the distance between the bumps may be less than 4 mm. As has been found experimentally, at a greater distance between the projections 6 and a smaller height of the projections 6, the relief of the profiled layer 5 is not preserved by covering the substrate with the roofing material, which reduces the reliability of adhesion of the roofing material to the substrate.

At the final stage of production, the finished roofing material is cut into a cutting machine 15, rolls 16 are formed into rolls 16 of required length, each roll is wrapped in film 8. Finished roofing rolls 16 are wrapped in film 8. The finished roofing rolls 16 are placed on pallets and secured. such as packing tape.

Devices for producing roofing material and intermediate positions of roofing material in the manufacturing process FIG. 2, 3 are shown in unison.

Roofing material is used, for example, for roof waterproofing. In order to attach the roofing material to the roof base, film 8 is removed therefrom, in particular, film 8 is remelted using a gas burner (otherwise, for example, liquid fuel burners, hot air source, etc.) can be used. 7 is only in contact with air, it is a faster and complete burn of film 8. The operation of the gas burner warms the profiled layer of roofing material 5.

The profiled layer 5 has an increased surface area in contact with the burner flame or hot air at the beginning of the technological process, since the film 8 comes into contact with the projections 6 over the large surface, and thus the heated film melts on the projections 6 to form an enlarged area. .

With this type of surface 6, there is a more even distribution of heating over the surface. At the same time, the lower layers of the bumps 6 heat up much less as the distribution of the heat extends over an increasing surface. As a result, the roofing substrate 4, which is directly seated by the lower layers, warms less, reducing the risk of damaging the fibrous sheet 2 of the substrate 4 and causing the roofing substrate to collapse when the substrate 4 overheats. This maintains the structure of the roofing material unchanged and improves the quality of the roofing material used with this roofing material.

In addition, this roofing material uses less fuel. Experiments have shown that, depending on the weather conditions and the temperature, the fuel required to cover a square meter of roofing material was between 15 and 50%.

The roofing material is applied by heating and partially melting the profiled layer 5 on the roof base and pressing against the first large surface 30 on the roof base. The projections 6 of the profiled layer 5 reliably adhere to the base by their molten parts. In addition, the relief of the profiled layer 5 is preserved and during the laying of the roof covering material, the excess air between the base and the roof covering material is removed through the recesses 7, which allows for a better connection with the base.

In general, the combination of all features of the roofing material of the present invention (manufacture of roofing material with substrate 4, fibrous sheet 2 with impregnated 1, with two coating layers 3 disposed on said surfaces of first and second major substrates 4, profiled layer 5 with the recesses 7 and protrusions 6 of the required shape, when placed on one of the coating layers 3, with the film 8 arranged on the protrusions 6, forming voids 32 between the film 8 and the profiled layer 5) influence the optimum distribution of adhesive points in the roofing material quality of connection to the base.

Claims (1)

Definition of the Invention Roof covering material consisting of a substrate in the form of a fibrous sheet with an impregnate having first and second large surfaces, two layers of coating on said first and second large surfaces and a profiled layer with indentations and protrusions on one of said coating layers, as well as a film deposited on said protrusions, forming voids between said film and said profiled layer, characterized in that said protrusions are formed so that their surface facing opposite to said base has the shape of a second-order smooth surface fragment .