LT5378B - Compacted fertilizers - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the production of special compound fertilizers. Spikes or tablets of compacted fertilizers contain (in % by weight): nitrogen - (0-35), phosphorus pentoxide - (0-35), potassium oxide - (0-35), calcium oxide - (0-20), magnesium oxide (0-10), sulfur - (0-10), trace elements - (0-1,0), growth promotors - (0-5), humine compounds - (0-5), amino acids - (0-5), water - (1-10), and excipients - (up to 100). As an excipient sugar production waste defecate or a mixture of defecate and clay is used. The excipient may also contain urea formaldehyde derivatives and a pigment.

Description

The present invention relates to the production of special compound fertilizers. These fertilizers can be used for flowers, ornamental plants and horticulture.

The main purpose of special fertilizers is to provide the plants with all the necessary materials at any time during the growing season. For fertilizing flowers, ornamental trees and shrubs, fruit trees and shrubs, it is very convenient to use pressed fertilizers that have a certain user-friendly shape, such as sticks or tablets. Depending on the type of plant, the time of fertilization, the size of the pot (pot) used, one or more very slowly dissolving sticks or tablets are introduced into the soil. The plant absorbs nutrients gradually, thus avoiding overfertilization of fertilizers and thus damage to the plant.

Compressed fertilizers can be of various shapes and dimensions, different chemical composition, and therefore different amounts of nutrients and their ratio. They must be made from components that do not interact with each other, contain no harmful impurities and have a minimum moisture content.

Known pressed fertilizers are known (U.S. Pat. No. 6,120,574, EP 1063214), which use magnesium ammonium, magnesium potassium, manganese ammonium, ferric ammonium phosphates or mixtures thereof as raw materials for nutrients. It uses thermoplastic adhesives (vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, butadiene, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, natural rubber, etc.) to form the rods. These fertilizers have poor water solubility (0.01-1.0 g / 100 g) and are therefore of limited use. Some fertilizer components are very expensive and are virtually non-industrially produced.

The closest known technical solution is a high-strength fertilizer spike (U.S. Pat. No. 3,647,416). The components of this fertilizer are magnesite, orthophosphoric acid, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, iron oxide, trace elements, urea formaldehyde resin, liquid coke waste, cement. These fertilizers are very slow acting and therefore not always effective. They also use a product of interaction between magnesite and phosphoric acid as a filler, which requires additional technological operations. Potassium chloride is used as a source of potassium, and chloride ions are harmful to some plants. As a result, the potential for using these known composite strips is limited.

Patented pressed rod or tablet fertilizers contain primary and secondary nutrients, trace elements, physiologically active substances and fillers. In patented fertilizers, the physiologically active substances are growth promoters and / or humic compounds and / or amino acids, and the content of components in the fertilizer (in percentage by weight) is:

nitrogen 0-35 of phosphorus pentoxide 0-35 of potassium oxide 0-35 of calcium oxide 0-20 of magnesium oxide 0-10 sulfur 0-10 of trace elements 0-1.0 growth stimulants 0-5 of humic compounds 0-5 of amino acids 0-5 water 1-10 fills up to 100.

The filler in this fertilizer is a defect in sugar production containing (by mass)

of calcium oxide 20-50 of magnesium oxide 0.1-5.0 of organic compounds 5.0-20 a mixture of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ο, ι-, ο water up to 100.

The filler may be a mixture of defecate and clay in a weight ratio of 1.0-0: 0.1-1.0. In addition, the filler may also contain from 0 to 5.0% by weight of urea formaldehyde compounds and from 0 to 5.0% by weight of pigments.

Compressed fertilizers produce components by mixing, wetting, pressing, forming sticks or tablets and drying.

The technical characteristics of the products can be determined by the following methods: nitrogen mass,% - photochromimetric, formaldehyde, Kjeldahl; mass of phosphorus,% - by photochromimetry;

mass of potassium,% by flame photometer;

- mass of calcium and magnesium,% by complexometric '... .— mass of sulfur,% by gravimetric;

mass of trace elements,% - atomic absorption analysis; moisture content,% - gravimetric; pH - pH meter;

static strength of sticks (tablets), N / sample - with special meter.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples.

Compressed fertilizers are manufactured as follows: the components of the selected composition are mixed, extruded in an extruder, formed into sticks, cut, dried and packed.

example

Produces 10-5-5 grade sulfur-containing fertilizer sticks.

294.0 g of ammonium nitrate, 263.0 g of superphosphate and 92.26 g of potassium sulphate were mixed. Uses 350.74 g of clay as a filler. 17.5 g of ammonia water and 85 g of water are added to the mixture. This fertilizer contains 10% nitrogen, 5% phosphorus pentoxide, 5% potassium oxide, 1.7% sulfur. Moisture content - 11.99%; static strength of sticks - 192.44 N / band; The pH of a 10% fertilizer solution is 4.85.

example

Produces 10-5 -5 sulfur-containing fertilizer sticks.

294.0 g of ammonium nitrate, 263.0 g of superphosphate and 92.26 g of potassium sulphate were mixed. Prepare a 1: 1 mixture of defecate and clay for filling, add 320.74 g, add 30 g of urea formaldehyde resin and add 30 g of water. This fertilizer contains 10% nitrogen, 5% phosphorus pentoxide, 5% potassium oxide, 1.7% sulfur. The moisture content of the product is 10.77%, the static strength of the sticks is -146.46 N / band; 10% fertilizer solution pH -5.75.

example

Produces 5-10-10 grade sulfur-containing fertilizer sticks.

147.0 g of ammonium nitrate, 526.0 g of superphosphate, and 185.0 g of potassium sulphate were mixed. Filling uses 142.0 g of defecate and 120 g of water. The fertilizer contains 5% nitrogen, 10% phosphorus pentoxide, 10% potassium oxide, 3.4% sulfur. The moisture content of the product is 17.51%, the static strength of the sticks is 66.45 N / band; PH of a 10% fertilizer solution -5.60.

example.

Produces 5-7.5-7.5 grade sulfur-containing fertilizer sticks.

147.0 g of ammonium nitrate, 394.5 g of superphosphate and 138.5 g of potassium sulphate were mixed. Prepare a 1: 1 mixture of defecate and clay for filler and add 320.0 g. Adds 10 g urea formaldehyde resin, 50 g micronutrient mixture containing 5.8% iron, 2.1% manganese, 1.0% zinc, 0.3% copper, 0.1% molybdenum, 1.2% boron , up to 100% chelant EDTA (ethylenediamine tetracetate acid carboxymethylcellulose). All components are moistened with 100 g water. The fertilizer contains 5% nitrogen, 7.5% phosphorus pentoxide, 7.5% potassium oxide, 2.5% sulfur. Moisture content of product - 14.27%, static strength of sticks - 21.77 N / band; The pH of a 10% fertilizer solution is 5.65.

example

Produces 5-7.5-7.5 grade sulfur-containing fertilizer sticks.

Mixed 192.31 g of calcium ammonium nitrate, 394.5 g of superphosphate and 138.5 g of potassium sulphate. Prepare a 1: 1 mixture of defecate and clay for filler, taking 274.7 g. Add another 10 g of amino acids and moisten the mixture with 110 g of water. The fertilizer contains 5% nitrogen, 7.5% phosphorus pentoxide, 7.5% potassium oxide, 2.5% sulfur. Moisture content of the product - 10.79%, static strength of sticks - 110.8 N / band; 10%, pH 6.29 of the fertilizer solution.

Patented compressed fertilizers in the form of sticks or tablets have the following advantages over known ones:

more varied composition, resulting in a wider nutrient scale and nutrient ratio; the fertilizer is free of harmful ions (eg chlorides) and heavy metals;

the filler is utilized in the waste industry of the sugar industry, thus reducing environmental pollution; the application possibilities are very wide, as these fertilizers can be used at different growth periods for flowers, ornamental plants, shrubs, vegetables and so on.

Claims (5)

DEFINITION OF INVENTION 1. Compressed fertilizers in the form of sticks or tablets, containing primary and secondary nutrients, trace elements, physiologically active substances and filler, characterized in that the physiologically active substances are growth stimulators and / or humic compounds and / or amino acids and the content of components (by weight) is: nitrogen 0-35 of phosphorus pentoxide 0-35 of potassium oxide 0-35 of calcium oxide 0-20 of magnesium oxide 0-10 sulfur 0-10 of trace elements 0-1.0 growth stimulants 0-5 of humic compounds 0-5 of amino acids 0-5 water 1-10 fills up to 100. 2. Compressed fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the filler is a defect containing (by weight): calcium oxide 20-50 magnesium oxide 0.1-5.0 organic compounds 5-20 nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium mixture 0.1-3.0 water to 100. 3. Compressed fertilizer according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the filler is a mixture of defecate and clay in a weight ratio of 1.0-0: 0.1-1.0. 4. Compressed fertilizer according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that the filler further contains from 0 to 5.0% by weight of urea formaldehyde compounds. 5. Compressed fertilizer according to claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that the filler still contains from 0 to 5.0% by weight of pigments.