LT5297B - Liquid complex fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to production of a liquid complex fertilizer. The complex fertilizer contains the following basic macro elements (mass percent): nitrogen (0-34), phosphorus (0-37), potassium (0-9) and micro elements: cinc, copper, boron, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, iron or its mixture (0,01-0,8), extract of humine compounds expressed as humic acids (0,01-5,0) and water to 100 ml. The nutrient N:P:K ratio is (0-3):(3-0):(0-3). Humine compounds, with humic acid/fulvic acid ratio of (2-8):1 in extract thereof, are obtained from Leonardit.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the production of liquid compound fertilizers which can be used to fertilize garden, greenhouse and field plants.

Intensive agriculture requires a large amount of mineral fertilizers with sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements (copper, zinc, cobalt, molybdenum). However, not all nutrients are effectively absorbed. Some nitrogen compounds leach out and phosphates, when reacted with calcium, magnesium, aluminum and iron cations in soil solutions, become insoluble compounds and become inaccessible to plants. When the fertilizer contains humic compounds, the nutrients are absorbed significantly by the plants.

The nature and properties of humic compounds vary, but all contain humic substances. It is a special organic group formed by biochemical degradation of animal and plant residues (leaves, branches, roots) and microorganisms. All of this waste accumulates in the soil and therefore contains humic and fulvic acids, their salts - humates and fumates, as well as other compounds of humic and fulvic acids with soil minerals. Humic acids are complex organic compounds with a molecular weight greater than 1500.

The use of fertilizers containing humic compounds significantly changes the soil nutrition of plants and activates the mobilization of nutrients in a form that is easily absorbed by plants. Soils that are fertilized with humic compounds provide better nitrogen and phosphorus uptake. As a result, the soil increases the mobility of its phosphorus, accelerates the formation of nitrate compounds, increases the total and protein nitrogen content, and increases the photochemical nitrogen fixation and organic nitrogen uptake. Soil containing such fertilizers accelerates the entry of ammoniacal and amide nitrogen forms as well as phosphorus into the plant, resulting in a significant increase in nitrogen and phosphorus in the plant and its removal from the soil. The concentration of iron, calcium, aluminum increases with the decrease of magnesium content, ie. humic compounds influence the content and dynamics of soil cations other than potassium.

Fertilizers containing humic compounds are more effective in plant-unfavorable climatic conditions, such as high temperature variations, lack of moisture, accumulation of toxic substances or radionuclides in the soil. The greater effect of fertilizers is observed when at least one of the factors of plant growth and development deviates from the optimal parameters. Fertilizers containing humic compounds have been reported in the literature to have protective properties, thus reducing the radiation, phytotoxic, herbicidal and harmful impurities and pesticides. They also form and regulate soil color by buffer and oxidative reduction processes. The role of fertilizers containing humic compounds as physiologically active substances is undisputed, as they alter the permeability of cell membranes, increase the activity of enzymes, stimulate respiratory processes, protein and hydrocarbon synthesis.

The effect of fertilizers containing humic compounds on soil fertility and crop yield can be described as a complex process consisting of the following components:

(1) the impact of fertilizers on the physico-chemical and physical properties of the soil;

2) direct effect of fertilizers on the vital activity of plants and microorganisms;

3) acceleration of internal metabolism - acceleration of the absorption of nutrients from the soil and its uptake into plants and increase of biological activity.

All of the above mentioned processes improve soil properties and increase crop yield.

Known liquid organic-mineral fertilizers (Pat. No. 2 203 255 RU). Their disadvantage is the use of potassium pyrophosphate, an expensive chemical commonly used in laboratory applications, to extract humin from sapropel. In addition, these liquid fertilizers contain a very low nitrogen concentration (0.30 g / l), which limits the application of these fertilizers.

The closest known technical solution is a huminous fertilizer composition (patent LT 5169). It is a liquid compound fertilizer 19-3-5 with a passage of peat humin. The disadvantages of this fertilizer are the high pH value (8.4), the high humic extract content (300 kg / 11 product), the lack of micronutrients resulting in lower efficiency. During the production of these fertilizers, the reactors must be heated to a temperature of 60-80 ° C. In addition, the crystallization temperature of liquid compound fertilizers is not declared. According to international agreements, it should be about 0 C in this case.

Patented Liquid Compound Fertilizers Containing Basic Macronutrients Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, Humic Compounds and Trace Elements - Zinc, Copper, Boron, Cobalt, Manganese, Molybdenum, Iron or Mixtures, Macronutrient Nutrient Ratio N: P: K is (0- ^ 3) :( 3 ^ 0) :( 0 ^ 3) and the nutrient content (by weight) is:

0.01-0.8 humic acid extract of the nitrogen 034 phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) 0-37 potassium (KaO) 09 micronutrients, converted to humic acids 0,01-5,0 water up to 100,

In patented fertilizers, the humic compounds are from leonardite. The ratio of the mixture of humic and fulvic acids in the extract of humic compounds is (2-8): 1. The concentration of these acids is from 6 to 20%. The nitrogen component used is either bulk or dissolved nitrates, amines, amides, ammonium compounds or mixtures thereof. The phosphorus component uses polyphosphoric, orthophosphoric acids or salts of polyphosphoric orthophosphoric acids, or mixtures thereof, or solutions thereof. It uses as a potassium component potassium in bulk or in dissolved nitrates, sulphates, phosphates or mixtures thereof. The micronutrient component uses bulk or dissolved oxides of zinc, copper, boron, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, iron, salts, chelating agents, boric acid or mixtures thereof.

Characteristics of the extract of humic compounds:

extract of humic compounds from leonarditis - dark brown liquid. Density - 1.12 kg / m ³ ; pH 13.3; dynamic viscosity of 5.75 mPa s. The concentration, expressed as humic acids, is between 6 and 20% (w / w). If this concentration is 15% then 11% humic acid and 4% fulvic acid. The technical name of the extract produced in Spain is HUMICOP.

The patented liquid compound fertilizer is produced at room temperature by neutralizing, mixing and standardizing the solution.

The fertilizer can be made as follows: Polyphosphoric (orthophosphoric) acid is neutralized with ammonia or ammonia water to pH 4.5-7.0, gradually mixed with zinc chelate, which is dissolved in the required amount of fertilizer to dilute water, then added and dissolved in urea and dissolved in potassium chloride . To this solution is added an extract of humic compounds obtained from leonardite.

A solution of polyphosphoric acid, previously neutralized with ammonia, such as 11-37-0, may also be used.

The technical characteristics of liquid compound fertilizers can be determined by the following methods: nitrogen mass,% - photochromimetric, formaldehyde, Kjeldahl; mass of phosphorus,% - by photochromimetry;

mass of potassium,% by flame photometer;

pH-pH granule;

crystallization temperature - by visual polythermic method.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples.

example

It produces liquid compound fertilizers of the grade 7-21-0 with a HUMICOP concentration of 0.1% expressed as humic acids.

The components are mixed as follows: Dissolve 570.4 g of ammonium polyphosphate grade 11-37-0 in 408.5 g of water and dissolve 14.4 g of urea. 6.7 g of HUMICOP extract are added to the prepared solution and mixed. The fertilizer contains 7% nitrogen, 21% phosphorus pentoxide and 0.1% humic compounds. N: P: K ratio 1: 3: 0. The solution has a pH of 6.2, a density of 1.24 kg / m ³ , a dynamic viscosity of 5.22 mPa-s and a crystallization temperature of -7.9 ° C.

example

Produces liquid compound fertilizers of the brand 7-21-0 with a HUMICOP concentration of 1.0% expressed as humic acids.

The components are mixed as follows: Dilute 580.4 g of ammonium polyphosphate grade 11-37-0 with 348.5 g of water, add 14.4 g of urea to the solution and dissolve. 66.7 g of HUMICOP extract were added to the prepared solution and mixed. This fertilizer contains 7% nitrogen, 21% phosphorus pentoxide and 1.0% humic compounds. N: P: K ratio 1: 3: 0. The pH of the solution is 6.3, density 1.22 kg / m ³ , dynamic viscosity 6.66 mPa s, crystallization temperature -8.0 ° C.

example

It produces liquid compound fertilizers of the grade 14-7-7 with a HUMICOP concentration of 0.5% expressed as humic acids.

The components are mixed in the following order: 13.6 g of zinc chelate dissolves 389.1 g of water. To the resulting solution is added 188.8 g of ammonium polyphosphate grade 11-37-0, followed by the addition and dissolution of 258.4 g of urea and 116.8 g of potassium chloride. To the resulting solution is added 33.3 g of HUMICOP extract and the fertilizer contains 14% nitrogen, 7% phosphorus pentoxide, 7% potassium oxide, 0.2% Zn and 0.5% humic compounds. N: P: K ratio 2: 1: 1. The pH of the solution is 6.35, density 1.25 kg / m ³ , dynamic viscosity 3.44 mPa.s, crystallization temperature -16.3'C.

example

It produces liquid compound fertilizers of the grade 10-5-5 with a HUMICOP concentration of 4.4% expressed as humic acids.

The components were mixed in the following order: dissolve 13.6 g of zinc chelate in 422.4 g of water, add 188.8 g of ammonium polyphosphate grade 11-37-0, add 258.4 g of urea and 116.8 g of potassium. chloride. Add 400 g of HUMICOP extract to the prepared solution and mix. This fertilizer contains 10% nitrogen, 5% phosphorus pentoxide, 5% potassium oxide, 0.14% Zn and 4.4% humic compounds. N: P: K ratio 2: 1: 1. Solution pH 7.35, density 1.196 kg / m ³ , dynamic viscosity 5.12 mPa ^- s, crystallization temperature -4.3 ° C.

example

Produces liquid compound fertilizers of grades 7-3.5-3.5 with a HUMICOP concentration of 0.05% expressed as humic acids.

The components are mixed in the following order: dissolve 6.96 g of zinc chelate in 705.4 g of water, add 95.65 g of ammonium polyphosphate grade 11-37-0, add 130.40 g of urea and 58.26 g of potassium chloride. 3.33 g of HUMICOP extract are added to the prepared solution and mixed. This fertilizer contains 7% nitrogen, 3.5% phosphorus pentoxide, 3.5% potassium oxide, 0.1% Zn and 0.05% humic compounds. N: P: K ratio 2: 1: 1. Solution pH 6.35, density 1.12 kg / m ³ , dynamic viscosity 1.92 mPas, crystallization temperature -9.6 ° C.

Patented liquid compound fertilizers have the following advantages over the prototype:

the lower pH value of liquid compound fertilizers (6.0-7.3) extends their application in soils of various acidity;

- Higher concentration of humic acids (up to 20%) in leonardite extract reduces the amount required for fertilizer production, although it does not decrease the physico-chemical parameters of liquid fertilizers;

- significantly lower (-4 + -17 C) crystallization temperature for liquid compound fertilizers, which facilitates production, storage and use conditions;

- liquid fertilizers are enriched with trace elements, which makes them more effective;

- by mixing the fertilizer components in the sequence according to the invention, the solution is prepared without additional heating.

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DEFINITION OF INVENTION

Claims (7)

DEFINITION OF INVENTION 1. Liquid compound fertilizers containing the basic macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and humic compounds, characterized in that the fertilizer contains the trace elements zinc, copper, boron, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, iron or mixtures thereof, the nutrient ratio N : P: K is (0 + 3) :( 3 + 0) :( 0 + 3) and the nutrient content (by weight) is: nitrogen 0 + 34 phosphorus (P2O5) 0 + 37 potassium (K2O) 0 + 9 trace element 0.01 + 0.8 humic acid extract, converted to humic acid 0.01 + 5.0 water to 100. Liquid compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the humic compounds are from leonardite. Liquid complex fertilizer according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that in the extract of humic compounds the ratio of the mixture of humic and fulvic acids is (2 + 8): 1 and the concentration of acids is 6 + 20%, 4. Liquid complex fertilizers according to claim 1, characterized in that the nitrogen component is used in bulk or dissolved nitrates, amines, amides, ammonium compounds or mixtures thereof. 5. A liquid compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the phosphorus component uses polyphosphoric, orthophosphoric acids or salts of polyphosphoric, orthophosphoric acids, or mixtures thereof, or solutions thereof. 6. Liquid compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that potassium bulk or dissolved nitrates, sulphates, phosphates or mixtures thereof are used as potassium component. 7. Liquid compound fertilizers according to claims 1,4,5 and 6, characterized in that they use bulk or dissolved zinc, copper, boron, cobalt as a trace element component. Oxides of manganese, molybdenum, iron, salts, chelating agents, boric acid or mixtures thereof.