LT4825B - An unit and a method for planting potatoes and earth crops - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the agricultural field, and can be used for growing cultivated plants. The potato and other cultivated plant growing method covers the spring soil tillage, potato planting when the soil is tilled in small sections and the middle of which is cultivated much more intensely than the outside; and the potatoes are planted in a more cultivated part. A more cultivated section of the soil is fertilised and the fertiliser is sprinkled on the top of the soil. Implementation of the aggregate method consists of fertiliser, cultivator, deep mellowing cultivator, potatoes planter, the fertiliser dispenser is attached to the cultivator and the plates are attached to the planter's disc dispenser, which tills in between the beds where the potatoes are planted. A deep hoeing ploughshare is attached to the potato planting ploughshare and the cultivator has a vertical axle with a forcibly turning rotator, which are placed in a perpendicular position, in the direction of the vehicle movement, when the rotators are equipped in pairs.<IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, i. y. potato and other crop cultivation techniques and aggregates to implement the method.

A well-known potato planting method involves deep loosening and spring tillage. Before planting potatoes, the soil is deeper than plowed.

Uncut sections are milled to the plow's compressed boundary, and the soil is scraped onto the previously compacted soil, forming a furrow ridge. The potatoes are planted in molded ridges. It increases potato yield, improves water and air regime for growing potato sprouts, and puts weeds at a disadvantage (USSR Certificate of Authorization # 14464924 AOI B 79/02, 1987). However, this method does not reduce the amount of work and the number of machines used, and even increases it, since it is not only necessary to cultivate and coagulate the soil before potato planting, but also deep tillage twice - once where the potatoes are planted. This increases energy costs. In addition, many times the field is used to compress the soil, which impairs the water and air regime in the soil, which reduces potato yield.

The technical solution is much closer to the proposed method: potato planting, which involves cultivating potatoes, when the soil is cultivated in the spring and cultivates the middle section more intensively than the outer, planting the potatoes into a heavier shredding section, and the uncultivated part of the soil has been shaved (Lithuanian patent no.

4087 AOI B 79/00 33/02 33/06, 26.08.1996). However, this method does not reduce the number of soil runs, which results in soil compaction, soil structure degradation, water and air regime degradation, which reduces potato yield. In addition, multiple soil travel increases energy costs.

Known assembly consisting of a tractor and a cultivator with rotors forcibly rotated about vertical axes arranged in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the machine, the rotors mounted in pairs, the rotating pair of rotors facing each other in rotation direction overlaps the rotation of another rotor (Lithuanian Patent No. 4087 AOI B 79/00 33/02 33/06, 26.08.1996). This rotor arrangement enables the soil to be cultivated in sections with more intensive soil loosening and can not immediately fertilize, which forces the unit to travel again on the soil surface, resulting in soil compaction, soil structure degradation, water and air degradation, reducing potato yield. In addition, multiple soil travel increases energy costs.

Similar to the proposed one is an assembly consisting of a tractor and a cultivator, with rotors forcibly rotating about vertical axes, perpendicular to the direction of movement of the machine, fertilizing, deep furrow cultivator, seeder (English Patent No. 1558011 AOI B 49/06, 12/19/1979). This arrangement of the rotors prevents the cultivation of sections of soil with a more intensive loosening of the inner part. This requires multiple passes, which increase soil compaction, damage soil structure, degrade water and air, resulting in lower yields and increase energy costs.

The object of the invention is to reduce the energy costs of tillage by reducing the number of machines and operations and increasing the yield of potatoes by planting tubers in better prepared soil (that is, fertilized and uncompressed by repeated cultivation of the field).

This is achieved by a method of planting potatoes and other crops, which includes spring tillage and potato cultivation, where the land is cultivated in sections with more intensive middle than outer cultivation and potatoes in more intensive cultivated areas, where:

(a) fertilize the intended areas of intensive cultivation with loose fertilizers, then spread them on the soil surface, then cultivate, deep tillage of the cultivated areas, plant potatoes and spray pesticides at the same time in one unit.

(b) fertilize the area of land intended for intensive cultivation with loose fertilizers by scattering them on the soil surface and cultivating, deep-furrowing, intensively cultivating the potatoes in a single unit at the same time.

(c) fertilize areas intended for less intensive cultivation with loose 75 fertilizers by spreading them on the soil surface, cultivating sections of land, deeply loosening sections of less intensive compaction, planting potatoes in a single unit at the same time.

(d) cultivating the sections, deep cultivating the cultivated sections, planting 85 potatoes in one unit and at the same time.

(e) cultivating the land, planting potatoes and spraying the untreated land with pesticides in one unit at the same time.

(f) fertilizing the area to be cultivated with bulk fertilizers by spreading it on 90 soil surfaces, cultivating the soil in strips, planting potatoes and spraying the uncultivated land with one pesticide at the same time.

(g) cultivating the sections, deep-furrowing the deep-furrowed sections, planting the potatoes and spraying the untreated sections with one pesticide at the same time.

In addition to the work mentioned above, shaving of untreated stretches may be carried out in this way:

(a) cultivating the sections, deep-plowing, planting potatoes, and shaving and spraying 100 uncultivated sections with one unit at the same time.

(b) fertilize areas intended for less intensive cultivation with loose fertilizers by spreading them on the soil surface, cultivating the land and planting potatoes;

105 untreated sections are shaved and done in one assembly and at the same time.

(c) cultivating the land in strips, fertilizing the intensively cultivated strip with loose fertilizers, spreading the potatoes on the soil surface, and shaving and spraying the unprocessed strips with a single unit,

110 at the same time.

(d) cultivating the parcels, applying fertilizers with loose fertilizers, spreading them on the soil surface, deep-tilling, planting potatoes and shaving and spraying the untreated parcels with one unit at the same time.

- 115 - (e) cultivating the land, planting potatoes and shaving and spraying the untreated land with a single unit at the same time.

(f) cultivating the sections, deep-plowing, planting potatoes and shaving the untilled sections at one and the same unit.

120 g) fertilize the intended intensively cultivated plots with loose fertilizers by spreading them on the soil surface, cultivating the cultivated plots, deeply cultivating the intensively cultivated plots, planting potatoes and shaving the untreated plots in one and the same year

125 (h) cultivating the land, cultivating potatoes, and shaving the uncultivated land with one unit and at the same time.

All these methods are used for sowing and planting seedlings.

130 All of this reduces the energy costs of cultivating the soil, reducing the number of machines and operations, and increasing potato yield by planting tubers in better prepared soil (that is, fertilized and uncompressed by multiple field runs).

Implementation of the method is ensured by a tractor unit,

135 fertilizer spreaders, cultivator, deep tillage cultivator, potato planter, disc cultivator and sprayer, for spreading pesticides on the soil, where the fertilizer spreader is mounted on the cultivator and the disc discs are mounted on the potato planter, which cultivates the row spacing

140 potatoes. The potato planter coulter is fitted with a deep coulter and a cultivator with rotors forcibly rotated about vertical axes arranged perpendicular to the direction of movement of the machine. The rotors are mounted in pairs, the rotors working in a pair rotate against each other in the direction of the cultivator movement

145 rotation circles overlap another rotor in a pair.

All of this reduces the energy costs of cultivating the soil, reducing the number of machines and operations, and increasing potato yield by planting tubers in better prepared soil.

150 The method of planting potatoes and other cultivated crops differs from the prototype in that they cultivate the soil in rows, fertilize with mineral fertilizers, plant potatoes, cultivate unprepared sections and spray pesticides with one unit at the same time. The unit can perform deep loosening. Deep loosening and fertilization is done

155 only in cultivated sections. Depending on the condition of the soil and its severity, it deeply loosens and fertilizes the entire cultivated section, or only the more intensively cultivated or the less cultivated section. Fertilizes by mixing the fertilizer with the soil or by spreading it on the surface (eg nitrogen fertilizer). All this reduces energy

160 the cost of cultivating the soil, reducing the number of machines and operations and increasing potato yield by planting tubers in better prepared soil.

Compared to the prototype, the proposed unit differs in that the disc discs are mounted on planter (seeder) disc harrows

165 (harrows), which work between the seed potatoes. The planter (drill) is fitted with a deep tillage coulter, and a fertilizer application machine is mounted on the cultivator with vertically rotating rotors and cultivating sections.

170 FIG. Figure 1: Schematic end view of a combination unit cultivating and cultivating potatoes with no untreated stripping operations.

(a) deep loosening shall be carried out underneath the whole of the cultivated section, only the intensively cultivated section shall be fertilized, and unprocessed sections shall be sprayed with pesticides;

175 (b) deep dredging, with fertilizer applied only in the intensified cultivated section, which is mixed during cultivation;

(c) deep loosening and fertilizer application only in less intensively thinned sections, which are mixed during cultivation;

180 d) deep loosening is performed throughout the cultivated section;

(e) pesticides shall be sprayed with uncultivated land;

(f) fertilizers shall be applied in the areas to be cultivated and subsequently mixed during cultivation and the crop shall be sprayed with pesticides;

185 (g) Deep loosening shall be carried out only in heavily thinned sections and unpolluted sections shall be sprayed with pesticides.

FIG. 2: Schematic view of a combined unit for strip cultivation, potato planting and unprocessed shaving, when:

190 (a) Deep loosening shall be carried out throughout the cultivated area and unprocessed areas shall be sprayed with pesticides and shaved;

(b) the fertilizer shall be applied in a less intensively cultivated section and mixed during cultivation, and the untreated sections shall be shaved;

195 (c) application of fertilizer to the intensively cultivated belt after application of the sections and spraying of the unprocessed sections with pesticides;

(d) deep cultivation after section cultivation and application of fertilizer to the surface of the cultivated sections and spraying of the unprocessed sections with pesticides; and

200 shaved;

(e) untreated sections shall be sprayed with pesticides and shaved;

(f) deep cultivation of sections after cultivation and shaving of unprocessed sections;

205 (g) fertilization of the stretch to be intensified, followed by deep deburring of the intensified belt after cultivation, and removal of untreated stretches;

(h) after section cultivation, only untreated sections shall be shaved.

210. 3: Schematic view of a combined unit viewed from the side without the use of stripping and pesticide spraying operations.

FIG. 4: Schematic view of a combined unit from above without shaving and pesticide application operations on untreated sections.

215 FIG. 5: Side view of combination unit with shaving and pesticide spraying operations.

FIG. 6: Schematic top view of a combination unit with shaving and pesticide spraying operations.

220 The method of planting potatoes and other crops includes spring tillage and potato cultivation, where the soil is cultivated in rows 1, 2 (Fig. 1; 2), the middle part 1 being more intensively cultivated than the outer 2 and the potato 3 being planted more intensively. 1, when;

225 a) Intensively cultivated plots of land 1 are fertilized with loose fertilizers (Fig. La) 4, then they are spread on the soil surface, and then cultivated, cultivated by sections 1, 2, deep loosening 5, planting potatoes 3 and unprocessed the strips 6 are sprayed with pesticides 7 and do so at the same time

230 units;

(b) fertilize the expected section of land 1 (Fig. 1b) with loose fertilizer 4 by spreading it on the soil surface and cultivating it intensively

Ί deep cultivating the cultivated section 1, planting the potatoes 3 and doing it in one unit 235 at the same time;

c) fertilize the expected sections 2 (Fig. lc) with loose fertilizer 4 by spreading them on the soil surface, cultivating the sections 1, 2, cultivating the less intensively crushed sections 2, deeply loosening 5, planting potatoes 3 and so on.

240 performs in one assembly and at the same time.

d) cultivating the sections 1, 2 (Fig. Id), deep cultivating the cultivated sections 5, planting the potatoes 3 and doing it in one unit and at the same time.

(e) cultivating the land in rows 1, 2 (Fig. le), planting potatoes 3, and spraying the unprocessed 245 ranches 6 with pesticides 7 in a single unit and at the same time.

f) cultivating the intended section 1, 2 (Fig. If) with bulk fertilizer 4, spreading it on the soil surface, cultivating the soil with sections 1, 2, planting potatoes 3, and

250 uncultivated plots 6 are sprayed with pesticides 7 and are carried out in one unit and at the same time.

g) Strips 1,2 (Fig. Ig) are cultivated, intensively cultivated strips 1 are deeply soiled 5, potatoes are planted 3 and unprocessed strips 6 are sprayed with pesticides.

255 7 and does it with one assembly and at the same time.

In addition to the operations mentioned above, shaving of untreated stretches may be carried out in the following manner:

a) Strips 1, 2 (Fig. 2a) are cultivated, deep-plowed 5, planted potatoes

260 3, while the untreated sections of land 6 are shaved 8 and sprayed with pesticides 7 and are carried out in one unit and at the same time;

b) fertilize the plots of land 2 (Fig. 2b) for looser cultivation with loose fertilizers 4, spreading them on the soil surface 1, 2

265 cultivates, plant potatoes 3, and unprocessed sections 6 shave 8 and do so in one assembly and at the same time;

c) The soil is cultivated in sections 1, 2 (Fig. 2c), the intensively cultivated section 1 is fertilized with bulk fertilizers 4, when they are spread on the soil surface, they are planted with potatoes.

270 3, while the uncultivated sections of land 6 are shaved 8 and sprayed with pesticides 7 and are carried out in one unit and at the same time;

d) cultivating the strips 1, 2 (Fig. 2d), fertilizing with loose fertilizers 4, spreading them on the soil surface, deeply loosening 5, planting potatoes 3 and cultivating

275 stretches 6 are shaved 8 and sprayed with pesticides 7 and done in one assembly and at the same time;

e) cultivating strips 1, 2 (Fig. 2e), planting potatoes 3, and unprocessed strips 6 shaved 8 and sprayed with pesticides 7 in a single unit; and

280 at the same time;

f) cultivating the strips 1, 2 (Fig. 2f), deeply loosening 5, planting the potatoes 3, and cultivating the uncultivated strips 6 with one unit and at the same time;

285 g) fertilize the intended intensive cultivation sections 1 (Fig. 2g) with loose fertilizers 4, spread them on the soil surface, cultivate the soil with sections 1, 2, intensively cultivated section 1 with deep hoe 5, plant potatoes 3, and unprocessed sections 6 shave 8 and does it with one assembly and at the same time;

290 h) cultivating the land in sections 1, 2 (Fig. 2h), planting potatoes 3, and cultivating the untreated sections 6 in one unit and at the same time.

All of these methods are used for seeding and seedling cultivation.

295 FIG. 3 and FIG. Fig. 4 is an assembly consisting of a tractor, a fertilizer applicator, a rotary cultivator, a deep tillage cultivator, a planter with a deep tillage coulter attached to a planting machine and a cultivator with vertically rotating rotors working

300 land in sections, the fertilizer insertion mechanism is attached.

FIG. 5 and FIG. Fig. 6 shows an assembly consisting of a tractor, a fertilizer implement, a rotary cultivator, a deep tillage cultivator, a planter where a deep tillage coulter is attached to the planter and a disc

305 harrow-mounted disc discs (harrows) that work the row between the seed potatoes and a fertilizer insertion mechanism mounted on the cultivator with vertically rotating rotary tillers.

FIG. 7 and FIG. Fig. 8 shows the fertilizer assembly of a tractor

310 planter, rotary cultivator, deep tillage cultivator, planter where a deep tillage cultivator is attached to the fertilizer application mechanism. Planting potatoes in the suggested way

-In autumn, the soil is prepared in the traditional way: stubble is shaved and fertilized

315 organic fertilizers, arable;

- in the spring, the soil is cultivated or when the soil is dry, the field is cultivated continuously;

potatoes planted to 6-7 ° C at a depth of 8-10 cm. Depending on

320 tractor track widths can be planted in rows of 70, 75 or 90 cm. This technological process is performed by a combination unit, which is based on a wheeled tractor with a capacity of 30 kN, which performs six technological operations in one pass (Fig. 5; 6): spreading mineral fertilizer on the cultivated soil

325 fertilizer 9, cultivator cultivator 10 with vertical rotors, deep tillage 11, potato planter 12, rough trimming 13 and pesticide spraying 14. If soil conditions do not require, unprocessed stripping and spraying can be done (Fig. 4). ). Also, deep

330, with the cultivator 11, depending on the condition and severity of the soil, is carried out on the entire cultivated section 1, 2 (Figs. 1a, d; 2a, d, f), or only in the intensively cultivated section (Figs. Lb, g; 2g) or less. in a stretch (Fig. le).

335 Fertilizing 9 is applied to the entire cultivated section 1, 2 (Fig. Lf; 2d) or only to the heavily cultivated section 1 (Fig. La, b; 2c, g), or to the less cultivated section 2 (Figs. lc; 2b). Fertilization can be carried out by mixing the fertilizer 4 applied to the soil surface

340 with a soil milling cultivator 10 (Figs. 1a, b, c, f; 2b, g; 3; 4) or scattering them on the surface of a cultivated soil section (Fig. 2c, d; 5; 6) (eg nitrogen fertilizer), partially mixing them with the help of potato coulter 15 and tines 16 (Fig. 6).

The combination unit is mounted on the front of the tractor 7 (Fig. 5, 6)

345 for attaching a fertilizer spreader 9 and a hoeing machine 10, and for hitching a potato planter 12 with deep plow cutters 11 and a rear mounted disc harrow 13 and pesticide application equipment 14. Pesticide storage tanks 18 and other devices required

350 sprayer for work mounted on tractor frame.

The technological work process of the combined unit is as follows: When the unit (Fig. 3; 4) moves in the field with the working parts lowered to the working position, the fertilizer spreader 9 is applied on the soil surface

355 milling cultivators 10 are mixed with vertical rotors during cultivation. The unit can also be mounted in such a way that the field 10 is first cultivated by cultivator 10 (Fig. 5; 6) and then fertilizer is applied to the cultivated soil by fertilizer 9, after which the cultivated sections are deeply shredded by rippers 11. , 2 (Fig. La,

360 d; 2a, d, f; 5; 6) or intensively cultivated section 2 (Fig. Lb, g; 2g; 5; 6) or less intensively cultivated section (Fig. Lc; 3; 4) and planting potatoes 3 in potato garden

12. If the soil weeds are high or the field is infested with plant diseases and pest-free sections 6, spray with pesticides 7 (Fig. La, e, f, g; 2a, c, d, e)

365 and shaved 8 (Figs. 2a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h) 13.

Claims (20)

DEFINITION OF INVENTION 1. The method of potato planting shall include spring tillage, potato cultivation where the land is cultivated in strips cultivated more intensively than the outer, and potatoes are cultivated in a heavier cultivated area, characterized by fertilizing the intended sections with loose fertilizers, and then cultivates, deeply cleans the cultivated sections, planting potatoes, and spraying the untreated sections with pesticides at the same time in one unit. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the intended intensive cultivation of the soil is fertilized with loose fertilizers, applied to the soil surface and cultivated, deeply cultivated, intensively cultivated the potato into the deeply cultivated area and done in one unit at the same time. 3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the less intensive cultivation of the plots is fertilized with loose fertilizer by cultivating the plots, deep cultivation of the less intensively cultivated sections, by planting potatoes at the same time. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the plots are cultivated, deep cultivated, cultivated potatoes and planted by a single unit at the same time. 5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the land is cultivated by plowing, potato planting and the crop is sprayed with pesticides in a single unit and at the same time. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the crop to be cultivated is fertilized with loose fertilizers, applied to the soil surface, cultivated by soil, potatoes are planted and the untreated soil is sprayed with pesticides at the same time. 7. A method according to claim 1, wherein the sections are cultivated, deep-furrowed sections are deeply soiled, potatoes are planted, and the untreated sections are sprayed with pesticides at the same time in a single unit. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the plots are cultivated, deep-plowed, potatoes planted, and the unprocessed plots are shaved and sprayed with pesticides at one and the same unit. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the less intensively cultivated plots are fertilized with loose fertilizer, cultivated on the soil surface, cultivated, planted with potatoes, and the untreated plow is shaved and performed at the same time. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the soil is cultivated in sections, fertilizing the intensively cultivated section with bulk fertilizers, spreading them on the soil surface, planting potatoes, and the untreated sections are shaved and sprayed with pesticides at one and the same time. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the plots are cultivated, fertilized with loose fertilizers, deep-soiled, potato planted, and the untreated plow is shaved and sprayed with pesticides at the same time and at the same time. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the strips are cultivated, the potatoes are planted and the unprocessed strips are shaved and sprayed with pesticides at one and the same unit. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the plots are cultivated, deep-plowed, potatoes planted, and the unprocessed plots are shaved and performed at one and the same unit. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein said intensively cultivated plots are fertilized with loose fertilizer, cultivated on the soil surface, cultivated in a plow, deep cultivated by a heavily cultivated plow, potatoes are planted, and the untreated plow is shaved and simultaneously years. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the land is cultivated in sections, potatoes are planted, and the untreated sections are shaved and performed in one unit at the same time. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the plots to be cultivated are fertilized with loose fertilizers, deep-thinned, cultivated, planted with potatoes by a single unit at the same time. 17. A method according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 for use in sowing and planting seedlings. ' ³ LT 4825 B 18. Potato planting unit consists of a fertilizer, cultivator, deep tillage cultivator, potato planter, characterized in that the disc planters (harrows) are mounted on the potato planter disc disc harrow, which works between rows of planted potatoes. 19. The potato planter according to claim 18, wherein the potato planter coulter is fitted with a deep loosening coulter. 20. The potato planter according to claim 18, characterized in that a fertilizer insertion mechanism is attached to the cultivator with vertically rotating rotors.