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KR900000279B1 - Manufacturing method of hardened and tempered special steel and special steel alloy - Google Patents

Manufacturing method of hardened and tempered special steel and special steel alloy Download PDF

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KR900000279B1
KR900000279B1 KR1019840007612A KR840007612A KR900000279B1 KR 900000279 B1 KR900000279 B1 KR 900000279B1 KR 1019840007612 A KR1019840007612 A KR 1019840007612A KR 840007612 A KR840007612 A KR 840007612A KR 900000279 B1 KR900000279 B1 KR 900000279B1
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페레츠 이차르츄가차 마리아노
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테크닉 아크티엔게젤샤프트
헤렌 쿠르트 크랜쯔
콤파니아 시데루기카하우치파토 쏘시에떼 아노님
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/02Hardening by precipitation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C33/00Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/28Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium

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Abstract

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Description

고경도 경화 및 템퍼링된 특수강의 제조방법과 특수강합금Manufacturing method of hardened and tempered special steel and special steel alloy

본 발명은 경도가 높은 경화 및 템퍼링된 특수강의 제조방법에 관한 것으로 특히 경도와 강도가 높고 동시에 인성이 다음의 합금 베이스를 갖는 특수강의 제조방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for producing a hardened and tempered special steel having high hardness, and more particularly, to a method for manufacturing a special steel having a high hardness and strength and at the same time toughness having the following alloy base.

Figure kpo00001
Figure kpo00001

예를 들어, 차체의 제작에 사용되고 있는 종래의 고경도의 경화 및 템퍼링된 특수강은 투사체의 침투에 대하여 높은 경도와 저항을 갖는 것이 특징이다. 이들 특수강은 약 0.40-0.50중량%의 비교적 높은 함량의 탄소, 약 1.5 중량%의 크롬과 약 0.5중량%의 몰리브덴을 함유한다. 이들 강철은 600℃전후의 온도에서 경화된 홈에 템퍼링된다. 이들은 용접의 경우에 있어서 열영향부에서 어떤 "자기치유효과(self-healing effect)"가 나타나는 것과 실제로 경도가 떨어지는 영역이 나타나지 않는 것을 잇점을 갖는다. 더욱이 용접된 부품은 용접후에 잔류용접응력과 균일의 위험을 줄이기 위하여 열처리로 응력을 제거시킬 수 있다. 그러나 복잡하게 용접된 구조물에 있어서는 근본적으로 수소효과에 의한 용접균일이 나타날 가능성이 있어 여러 가지 문제점이 야기된다.For example, conventional hardened and tempered special steels used in the manufacture of vehicle bodies are characterized by high hardness and resistance to penetration of the projectile. These special steels contain about 0.40-0.50% by weight of relatively high content of carbon, about 1.5% by weight of chromium and about 0.5% by weight of molybdenum. These steels are tempered in hardened grooves at temperatures around 600 ° C. They have the advantage of having some "self-healing effect" in the heat affected zone in the case of welding and not showing areas of poor hardness. Furthermore, the welded parts can be relieved of stress by heat treatment to reduce the risk of residual welding stress and uniformity after welding. However, in the complex welded structure, there is a possibility that the welding uniformity due to the hydrogen effect is fundamentally generated, causing various problems.

이러한 이유에서 아메리칸 원형(American porotoypes)에 따라 용접성을 개선하기 위하여 약 0.3중량%의 낮은 탄소함량과 약 0.003중량%의 붕소함량을 갖는 강이 소개된 바 있다. 석출경화효과는 적지만 질소고정을 위하여 이 강에는 약 0.15 중량%의 티타늄이 부가적으로 합금된다. 특정 환경하에서는 붕소함량이 시간-온도변태곡선에서 변태단계와 페라이트-퍼얼라이트변태의 발달을 변화시킨다. 즉 붕소는 변태과정을 지연시키는 것이다. 이러한 효과의 결과로 탄소함량이 낮음에도 불구하고 정상적인 오일 퀀칭중에 두께가 두껍다하더라도 마르텐사이트 단계에서 변태가 이루어지는 것이 가능하다. 문헌에서는 이를 "붕소율(boron factov)"로 불리워지며 증가된 경화능의 크기를 나타낸다. 이 효과는 니켈의 합금으로 두껍게 도금함으로서 더욱 증가될 수 있다. 이들 강은 균열의 위험이 현전히 감소됨으로서 용접에 만족한 것임이 입증되었다. 예를 들어, 200℃정도인 비교적 낮은 템퍼링온도를 고려한다면 용접후 응력제거열처리는 불가능하다. 이들 강의 현저한 결점은 용접중에 열영향부에서 현전히 경도가 떨어져 연화되는 점이다. 이러한 연화부분에서는 투사체가 벽을 뚫고 투과될 수 있다. 템퍼링효과 즉, 열영향부에서의 연화효과를 보상하기 위하여 석출경화가 이루어지도록 하는 미세합금원소의 합금을 고려하게 되었다. 그러나, 금속현미경조사에는 상기 언급된 강의 티타늄이 정상적인 열처리로서는 석출경화에 전혀 관계없는 조티타늄 침탄질화물화함을 보이고 있다. 따라서 티타늄의 경우 석출경화효과는 극히 적다. 티타늄원소는 알루미늄과 마찬가지로 질소고정을 위하여 사용되고 질화붕소의 형성을 방지한다.For this reason, steels with a low carbon content of about 0.3% by weight and boron content of about 0.003% by weight have been introduced to improve weldability according to American porotoypes. Although the precipitation hardening effect is small, about 0.15% by weight of titanium is additionally alloyed with this steel for nitrogen fixation. Under certain circumstances, the boron content changes the development of the transformation phase and ferrite-perlite transformation in the time-temperature transformation curve. In other words, boron delays the transformation process. As a result of this effect, even though the carbon content is low, the transformation can be performed in the martensite step even if the thickness is thick during normal oil quenching. In the literature this is called the boron factov and indicates the magnitude of increased hardenability. This effect can be further increased by plating thicker with an alloy of nickel. These steels have proved satisfactory in welding as the risk of cracking is significantly reduced. For example, considering a relatively low tempering temperature of about 200 ° C., post-weld stress relief heat treatment is impossible. A significant drawback of these steels is that they are significantly hardened and soften at the heat affected zone during welding. In such softened parts, the projectile can penetrate the wall. In order to compensate for the tempering effect, that is, the softening effect in the heat affected zone, the alloy of the microalloy element for the precipitation hardening is considered. However, metallographic examination shows that the titanium of the above-mentioned steels is a titanium titanium carburized nitride which has no relation to precipitation hardening as a normal heat treatment. Therefore, the precipitation hardening effect of titanium is extremely small. Titanium element, like aluminum, is used for nitrogen fixation and prevents the formation of boron nitride.

따라서 본 발명의 목적은 상기 언급된 결점을 갖지 않는 고경도의 고강도 템퍼링된 특수강과 이러한 특수강의 제조방법을 제공하는데 있다.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a high strength, high strength tempered special steel which does not have the drawbacks mentioned above and a method for producing such special steel.

본 발명에 있어서는 부가적인 석출경화를 위하여 약 0.005-0.03중량%, 특히 0.008-0.02중량%의 니오븀을 강에 합금하고, 이렇게 제조된 강을 서두에 열거된 바와 같은 합금베이스에 적합하도록 860-960℃, 특히 880-920℃에서 오오스테나이트화하고, 물, 오일 또는 압축공기에서 냉각하고, 160-350℃, 특히 관련된 판두께에 따라서 180-250℃의 온도범위에서 템퍼링 하는 단계로 구성되는 열처리 및 경화와 템퍼링처리하여 450-550HB, 특히 475-525HB의 브리넬경도를 갖도록 하였다.In the present invention, about 0.005-0.03% by weight of niobium, in particular 0.008-0.02% by weight, is alloyed to the steel for additional precipitation hardening, and the steel thus produced is adapted to the alloy base as listed at the outset. Heat treatment consisting of austenitizing at 占 폚, in particular 880-920 占 폚, cooling in water, oil or compressed air, and tempering in the temperature range of 160-350 占 폚, in particular 180-250 占 폚 depending on the relevant plate thickness And curing and tempering to have a Brinell hardness of 450-550HB, in particular 475-525HB.

본 발명의 강에 있어서, 합금원소 티타늄 대신에 또는 이와 함께, 그리고 알루미늄과 함께 원소 니오븀은 합금원소로서 매우 소량이 사용된다. 석출경화원소로서 원소니오븀의 작용은 0.005중량%만으로도 효과적인 것임이 입증되었다. 이 역치 이상에서는 강화효과가 떨어지므로 기본적으로 높은 함량으로서는 보다 현저한 효과를 거둘 수가 없다. 문헌에 따르면 형성된 니오븀 침탄질화물은 높은 온도에서 안정한 반면에 티탄늄 탄소질화물은 낮은 온도에서 분해됨을 알 수 있다.In the steel of the present invention, very small amounts of elemental niobium are used as alloying elements instead of or in combination with titanium and with aluminum. The effect of elemental niobium as a precipitation hardening element was proved to be effective at only 0.005% by weight. Above this threshold, the reinforcing effect is inferior, and therefore, at a high content, it is basically impossible to achieve more significant effects. According to the literature it can be seen that the niobium carburized nitride formed is stable at high temperatures while the titanium carbon nitride decomposes at low temperatures.

이와 같이 원소 니오븀은 본 발명에 따른 강에 있어서, 본 발명에 따라 제안된 열처리로서 가장 양호한 형태, 입자 크기 및 기지에서의 분포에서 탄화물 및 침탄질화물의 석출로 경도가 현저히 증가되도록 한다. 이 효과는 용접부위의 열영향부에서 경도를 높혀 줌으로서 용접영향부에서 소위 경도저하를 방지한다.Thus, elemental niobium in the steel according to the present invention, as the heat treatment proposed in accordance with the present invention, the hardness is significantly increased by precipitation of carbides and carburized nitrides in the best form, particle size and distribution in the matrix. This effect increases the hardness at the heat affected zone of the weld zone, thereby preventing the so-called hardness decrease at the weld affected zone.

잉고트주조의 경우 서냉효과로 티타늄 침탄질화물은 매우 조악한 형태로 존재하게 되므로 강은 주로 연속 주조방법에 따라 주조되는 반면에 본 발명에 따라 제조된 같은 합금원소 니오븀에 의하여 연속주조방법과 잉고트주조방법으로 주조될 수 있다.In the case of ingot casting, titanium carburized nitride is present in a very coarse form due to the slow cooling effect, whereas steel is mainly cast according to the continuous casting method, whereas niobium alloy alloy manufactured according to the present invention is used for the continuous casting method and the ingot casting method. Can be cast.

본 발명의 보다 유용한 방법의 경우에 있어서, 강철은 250-450℃의 높은 템퍼링온도에서 열처리된다. 그 결과 브리넬경도는 400-475HB였다In the case of a more useful method of the invention, the steel is heat treated at a high tempering temperature of 250-450 ° C. As a result, Brinell hardness was 400-475HB

한 유용한 방법은 350-550℃범위의 템퍼링온도가 선택되었으며 그 결과 300-460HB의 브리넬경도를 얻음을 특징으로 한다.One useful method is characterized in that a tempering temperature in the range of 350-550 ° C. has been chosen, resulting in a Brinell hardness of 300-460HB.

본 발명의 한 유용한 특수강합금은 강을 주재로하여 다음 합금베이스를 가짐을 특징으로 한다:One useful special steel alloy of the present invention is characterized by having the following alloy bases based on steel:

Figure kpo00002
Figure kpo00002

소량의 원소 니오븀, 즉 약 0.005-0.03 중량%, 특히 0.008-0.02 중량%의 원소 니오븀이 부가적인 석출 경화를 위하여 강에 합금된다.A small amount of elemental niobium, ie about 0.005-0.03% by weight, in particular 0.008-0.02% by weight, of elemental niobium is alloyed into the steel for additional precipitation hardening.

또다른 유용한 합금은 티타늄이 약 0.020-0.080 중량%, 특히 0.030-0.06중량%로 증가된 알루미늄 함량으로 대신함을 특징으로 한다.Another useful alloy is characterized by the replacement of titanium with an increased aluminum content of about 0.020-0.080% by weight, in particular 0.030-0.06% by weight.

합금원소 붕소는 질소와 결합하지 아니하고 기지에 용해된 상태에서만 경도증가효과를 갖는다. 이러한 이유로, 본 발명에 있어서는 질소에 대하여 친화력이 매우 큰 원소, 예를 들어, 티타늄이 강에 합금된다. 그러나, 순수티타늄 질화물이 생성되지는 아니하며 탄소비율이 높은 티타늄침탄질화물이 생성된다. 이 팀탄질화물은 2차조직의 형태, 즉 낮은 비율에서도 보이는 적색(reddish color)의 초조악결정의 형태로 남으며 강철의 특성에 관계되는 어떠한 장점도 나타내지 않는다. 본 발명에 따라서 티타늄대신에 알루미늄원소를 사용함으로서 알루미늄질화물이 생성되고 탄화물은 생성되지 않는다. 강의 질소는 알루미늄에 고정된다.The boron alloying element does not bond with nitrogen and has a hardness increasing effect only in a state dissolved in a matrix. For this reason, in the present invention, an element having a very high affinity for nitrogen, for example, titanium is alloyed with steel. However, no pure titanium nitride is produced, but a titanium carbonitride nitride having a high carbon ratio is produced. This team carbonitride remains in the form of secondary structure, a reddish-colored coarse crystal at low rates, and does not show any advantages related to the properties of steel. According to the present invention, aluminum nitride is produced by using aluminum instead of titanium, and carbides are not produced. Nitrogen in the steel is fixed to aluminum.

다른 유용한 방법은 광범위한 판두께에서 연속된 냉각과 템퍼링특성을 증가시키기 위하여 0.5-2중량%의 니켈이 합금됨을 특징으로 한다.Another useful method is characterized by alloying 0.5-2% by weight of nickel to increase the continuous cooling and tempering properties over a wide range of plate thicknesses.

Claims (2)

경도 및 강도가 높고 동시에 인성이 높으며,High hardness and strength and at the same time high toughness,
Figure kpo00003
Figure kpo00003
인 합금베이스를 갖는 고경도의 경화 및 템퍼링된 특수강의 제조방법에 있어서, 부가적인 석출경화를 위하여 약 0.005-0.03중량%의 니오븀이 강에 합금되고, 이와 같이 제조된 강이 450-550HB의 브리넬경도를 갖도록 합금베이스에 적합하게 860-960℃에서의 오오스테나이트화하고, 물, 오일 또는 압축공기로의 냉각과 판두께에 따라서 160-350℃온도범위에서의 템퍼링단계로 구성되는 열처리와 경화 및 템퍼링처리됨을 특징으로 하는 고경도 경화 및 템퍼링된 특수강의 제조방법.In the method of manufacturing a hardened and tempered special steel having a phosphorous alloy base, about 0.005-0.03% by weight of niobium is alloyed with steel for additional precipitation hardening, and the steel thus produced is made of 450-550HB Brinell Heat treatment and hardening which consists of austenitization at 860-960 ℃ suitable for alloy base to have hardness, tempering at 160-350 ℃ temperature range according to cooling with water, oil or compressed air and plate thickness And hardening and tempering special steel, characterized in that the tempering treatment.
Figure kpo00004
Figure kpo00004
인 합금베이스를 갖는 특수강합금에 있어서, 부가적인 석출경화를 위하여 약 0.005-0.03 중량%의 니오븀이 강에 합금 됨을 특징으로 하는 특수강합금.A special steel alloy having a phosphorus alloy base, characterized in that about 0.005-0.03% by weight of niobium is alloyed with steel for additional precipitation hardening.
KR1019840007612A 1983-12-20 1984-12-03 Manufacturing method of hardened and tempered special steel and special steel alloy Expired KR900000279B1 (en)

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