KR900006222Y1 - Extrusion Packing of Applicator - Google Patents
Extrusion Packing of Applicator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR900006222Y1 KR900006222Y1 KR2019870019885U KR870019885U KR900006222Y1 KR 900006222 Y1 KR900006222 Y1 KR 900006222Y1 KR 2019870019885 U KR2019870019885 U KR 2019870019885U KR 870019885 U KR870019885 U KR 870019885U KR 900006222 Y1 KR900006222 Y1 KR 900006222Y1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- packing
- extrusion
- applicator
- extrusion packing
- cartridge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
- A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
- A45D34/00—Containers or accessories specially adapted for handling liquid toiletry or cosmetic substances, e.g. perfumes
- A45D34/04—Appliances specially adapted for applying liquid, e.g. using roller or ball
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
- B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
- B43K5/00—Pens with ink reservoirs in holders, e.g. fountain-pens
- B43K5/18—Arrangements for feeding the ink to the nibs
- B43K5/1818—Mechanical feeding means, e.g. valves; Pumps
- B43K5/1827—Valves
- B43K5/1836—Valves automatically closing
- B43K5/1863—Valves automatically closing opened by actuation of the rear-side of the pen
- B43K5/1872—Valves automatically closing opened by actuation of the rear-side of the pen mounted on ink-cartridges
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
- A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
- A45D34/00—Containers or accessories specially adapted for handling liquid toiletry or cosmetic substances, e.g. perfumes
- A45D34/04—Appliances specially adapted for applying liquid, e.g. using roller or ball
- A45D34/042—Appliances specially adapted for applying liquid, e.g. using roller or ball using a brush or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
- B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
- B43K5/00—Pens with ink reservoirs in holders, e.g. fountain-pens
- B43K5/02—Ink reservoirs
- B43K5/06—Ink reservoirs with movable pistons for withdrawing ink from an ink-receptacle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
- B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
- B43K8/00—Pens with writing-points other than nibs or balls
- B43K8/02—Pens with writing-points other than nibs or balls with writing-points comprising fibres, felt, or similar porous or capillary material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pens And Brushes (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
- Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
Abstract
내용 없음.No content.
Description
제 1 도는 본 고안에 따른 압출팩킹의 1실시예상태를 나타낸 부분사시도.1 is a partial perspective view showing an embodiment of an extrusion packing according to the present invention.
제 2 도는 제 1 도의 압출팩킹을 이용한 마이킹펜의 중앙종단면도.Figure 2 is a longitudinal longitudinal cross-sectional view of the miking pen using the extrusion packing of FIG.
제 3 도는 제 2 도의 일부확대도.3 is a partially enlarged view of FIG.
제 4 도 내지 제 5 도는 압출팩킹의 종래의 예를 나타낸 단면도이다.4 to 5 are cross-sectional views showing conventional examples of extrusion packing.
* 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings
1 : 압출팩킹 2 : 축통본체1: Extrusion Packing 2: Cylinder Body
3 : 도포부재 4 : 카트리지3: coating member 4: cartridge
5 : 밸브장치 6 : 파이프5: Valve device 6: Pipe
9 : 융기부 11 : 내주부9: ridge 11: inner circumference
12 : 외주부12: outer periphery
본 고안은 액상체를 사용하는 필기구 또는 도포기구에 관한 것으로, 특히 원주방향으로 접촉하는 부위를 밀봉시켜주기 위한 개량된 압출팩킹을 갖춘 도포기구에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a writing instrument or applicator using a liquid, and more particularly to an applicator with an improved extrusion packing for sealing the circumferential contact.
종래 액상체로된 잉크나 화장재료를 사용하는 필기구 또는 도포기구등에 쓰여지는 압출팩킹으로서는 여러가지 종류가 있는방 그중 가장 대표적인 예로서는 이른바 0링이라 불리우는 단면이 원형으로된 것이거나 제4도에 도시된 바와같이 그 단면이 장방형으로된 것, 또는 이런 것들을 약간 변형시켜놓은 것으로서 제5도에 도시된 바와같이 팩킹링의 밀봉에 직접 관여하지 않는 부분에다 오목·볼록부를 형성시켜 팩킹링을 수용하는 공간과의 사이에 얼마간의 여유간격이 생기도록 된 것들이 쓰여지고 있다.Extrusion packings used in writing instruments or applicators using liquid ink or cosmetic materials in the related art are various types. The most representative of them is the so-called 0-ring cross section, or as shown in FIG. The cross section is rectangular, or a slight variation of these, and as shown in FIG. 5, the recess and convex portions are formed in a portion not directly involved in the sealing of the packing ring, and the space accommodating the packing ring. There is a list of things that are supposed to create some clearances.
그러나 이와같은 종래의 압출팩킹에 있어서는, 밀봉시켜주어야 할 액상체의 각 성질에 따라 그들 압출팩킹이 각 액상체와 접촉하고 있는 동안 점차적으로 팽창되어 밀봉시켜주어야 할 부위로의 압압력이 커지게된다던가 팩킹의 노화가 빨라지게 될 뿐만이나라, 특히 상대적으로 이동하는 부위를 밀봉시켜주기위해 사용되어지는 경우에는 밀봉부위로의 조입력이 필요이상으로 커지게되어 이동부위의 이동이 원활하게 이루어지지 못하게 된다고 하는 결점이 있었다.However, in the conventional extrusion packing, according to the properties of the liquid to be sealed, the pressing pressure to the part to be sealed is gradually expanded while the extrusion packing is in contact with each liquid. Not only will the aging of the packing faster, but especially when it is used to seal relatively moving parts, the input to the sealing area becomes larger than necessary, so that the moving parts cannot be moved smoothly. There was a flaw.
또한 팩킹을 수용하기 위한 공간을 팩킹이 모두 점령하게되는 경우에는 팩킹이 늘어나게되어 그와같은 결점이 더욱 가중되게되기 때문이다.Also, if the packing occupies all the space for accommodating the packing, the packing is increased and such a defect is further aggravated.
이에 본 고안은 상기와 같은 종래의 팩킹이 안고있는 결점들을 해소시켜주기 위해 안출된 것으로, 반경방향으로 접촉되어지는 부위 내주면과 외주면이 상호 접촉되어지는 부위를 밀봉시켜주기 위한 압출팩킹을 갖춘 필기구 또는 도포기구에 있어서, 압출팩킹의 중심부에 이 중심과 동심원상으로 여러개의 용기부가 형성되면서그 단면이 주름형상으로 형성시켜진 것을 특징으로 하는 도포기구의 압출팩킹을 제공함에 그 목적이 있는것이다.The present invention is devised to solve the drawbacks of the conventional packing as described above, writing instruments having an extrusion packing for sealing the parts that the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface are in contact with each other in the radial direction or In the applicator, an object of the present invention is to provide an extrusion packing of the applicator, wherein a plurality of container portions are formed concentrically with the center at the center of the extruded packing.
또한 본 고안은 반경방향으로 접촉되어지는 부위를 밀봉시켜주는데 쓰여지는 필기구 또는 도포기구의 압출팩킹으로서, 이 압출팩킹의 중심부에 이 중심과 동심원상으로 된 여러개의 융기부를 형성시켜 주름형상이 되도록해놓은 팩킹이 도포액을 공급해주기 위해 피스톤운동하는 부재가 상대적으로 이동하는 부위에서 도포액을 밀봉시켜주도록 이용되는 압출팩킹을 제공함에 또하나의 목적이 있는 것이다.In addition, the present invention is an extrusion packing of a writing instrument or applicator used to seal a radially contacting part, and in the center of the extrusion packing, a plurality of ridges formed concentrically with the center are formed to be wrinkled. It is another object of the present invention to provide an extrusion packing in which the packing is used to seal the coating liquid at a portion where the piston moving member relatively moves to supply the coating liquid.
이하 본 고안을 카트리지식 마아킹펜에 적용한 실시예에 관해 상세히 설명하게되지만, 본 고안은 이에 한정되어지는 것이 아니다.Hereinafter, an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a cartridge type marking pen will be described in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
제1도에는 동심원상으로 환상형의 융기부(9)를 2중으로 형성시킨 합성고무제의 압출팩킹(1)이 도시되어져있는바, 여기서 상기 융기부(9)는 3중 또는 그 이상으로 형성시켜도 좋고, 또 제1도에 도시된 압출팩킹과는 달리 오목·볼록부가 V자형상으로 뽀죽하게 된 다각형으로 되어도 좋다.FIG. 1 shows an extrusion packing 1 made of synthetic rubber in which a convex annular ridge 9 is formed in duplicate, wherein the ridge 9 is formed in triple or more. Unlike the extrusion packing shown in FIG. 1, the concave and convex portions may be made into polygons in which V-shaped pores are formed.
이 팩킹(1)은 종래의 팩킹을 사용하는 곳이면 그 대신에 어떤데라도 사용될 수가 있으나, 특히 팩킹을 수용하는 공간이 팩킹을 꽉끼께 수용하도록 되어 거의 여분의 공간이 없는 경우 본 고안에 따른 팩킹이 더큰 효과를 나타내게 된다.This packing 1 can be used anywhere instead of using the conventional packing, but in particular when the space for accommodating the packing to accommodate the packing tightly there is almost no extra space packing according to the present invention This will have a greater effect.
제2도는 본 고안에 따른 팩킹을 이용한 카트리지식 마아킹펜에 이용한 경우의 마아킹펜의 중앙종단면도이고,제3도는 제2도에서 팩킹(1)의 주변부분을 확대한 도면이다.2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the marking pen in the case of using the cartridge-type marking pen using the packing according to the present invention, Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the peripheral portion of the packing (1) in FIG.
이 마아킹펜은 기본적으로 원통형 축통본체(2)와 그 선단에 장착된 도포부재(3) 및 도포액을 수용하고 있으면서 끼우고 뺄수 있도록 된 카트리지(4)등으로 이루어져 있다. 그리고 상기 카트리지(4)에는 그 앞끝부위에 밸브장치(5)가 설치되고, 또 이 밸브장치(5)로부터 축통본체(2)에 설치된 카트리지(4)를 보유지지해줌과 더불어 도포액을 상기 카트리지(4)로부터 도포부재(3)로 송출하는 원통형 파이프(6)를 받쳐주기 위한 구멍(7)이 설치되어져 있으며, 상기 구멍(7)의 내벽 중간부에는 카트리지(4)를 상기 파이프(6)에 장착시켜놓았을 경우 이 파이프(6)의 외벽(8)으로부터 도포액이 밖으로 누출되어지는 것을 방지해주기 위한 압출팩킹(1)이 장착되어져 있다.The marking pen basically consists of a cylindrical cylindrical cylinder body 2, a coating member 3 mounted at its tip, and a cartridge 4 which can be inserted and removed while accommodating the coating liquid. The cartridge 4 is provided with a valve device 5 at the front end thereof. The cartridge 4 holds the cartridge 4 installed in the cylinder body 2 from the valve device 5, and the coating liquid is applied to the cartridge. A hole 7 is provided to support the cylindrical pipe 6 sent from the 4 to the coating member 3, and a cartridge 4 is placed in the middle of the inner wall of the hole 7. In the case of mounting on the wall, the extrusion packing 1 is mounted to prevent the coating liquid from leaking out from the outer wall 8 of the pipe 6.
이 압출팩킹(1)은 제3도에 도시된 바와같이 카트리지(4)의 구멍(7)의 벽에 뚫어진 단면방향 형상의 체임버(10)에 수용되게 되는데, 이 압출팩킹(1)의 내주부(11)는 파이프(6)의 외경보다도 약간 작으면서 카트리지(4)를 파이프(6)에 장착시켰을때 이 내주부(11)가 상기 파이프(6)의 외벽(8)을 외주부(12)가 체임버(10)의 안쪽벽을 각각 눌러 도포액을 밀봉시켜주게 된다.The extrusion packing 1 is accommodated in the chamber 10 of the cross-sectional shape, which is drilled in the wall of the hole 7 of the cartridge 4, as shown in FIG. (11) is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the pipe (6) when the cartridge 4 is mounted on the pipe (6), the inner circumferential portion (11) to the outer wall (8) of the pipe (6) Each inner wall of the chamber 10 is pressed to seal the coating liquid.
상기 카트리지(4)를 앞쪽방향으로 눌러주게되면, 제3도에 도시된 바와같은 상태가되어 밸브장치(5)의 밸브입구(13)가 열려져 도포액이 카트리지(4)로 부터 파이프(6)에 형성된 구멍(14)을 통과해서 파이프(6)내로 들어간다음, 이 파이프(6)와 연통되어져 있는 도포부재(3)에 공급되게 된다. 이때 도포액은 상기와 같이 유출되어질 뿐만이니라 파이프(6)의 외벽과 카트리지(4)의 구멍(7)사이를 흘러 앞쪽방향으로 유출되게 되나, 압출팩킹(1)에 의해 그 앞쪽으로는 누출되지 않게된다.When the cartridge 4 is pushed forward, the state as shown in FIG. 3 is opened so that the valve inlet 13 of the valve device 5 is opened so that the coating liquid is transferred from the cartridge 4 to the pipe 6. After passing through the hole 14 formed in the pipe 6, it is supplied to the coating member 3, which is in communication with the pipe 6. At this time, the coating liquid not only flows out as described above, but also flows out between the outer wall of the pipe 6 and the hole 7 of the cartridge 4 and flows out in the forward direction, but is not leaked forward by the extrusion packing 1. Will not.
그런데 도포액을 공급해주기 위해서는 카트리지(4)가 가끔 전후 왕복운동이 반복되어져야 하므로, 이 압축팩킹(1)의 내주부(11)는 파이프(6)의 외벽을 미끄러지면서 이동하게 된다.However, in order to supply the coating liquid, since the cartridge 4 has to be repeatedly reciprocated from time to time, the inner circumferential portion 11 of the compression packing 1 moves while sliding the outer wall of the pipe 6.
한편, 도포액은 항시 이 압출팩킹(1)을 적셔주고 있으므로 팩킹의 소재와 도포액의 누출량 차이에 의해 다소누출되어지는 일이 있더라도 팩킹이 점차 팽창되어지게 된다. 그러나 상기 팩킹팽창분은 이 팩킹의 바깥둘레가 파형으로 형성되어져 있기 때문에 오목한 홈의 틈에 흡수되어져 버리기 때문에, 반경방향으로의 팽창은 거의 일어나지 않게되고, 그때문에 상기 압출팩킹(1)의 조임력이 거의 증대되지 않게되어 압출팩킹(1)이 파이프(6)와 체임버(10)를 눌러주는 힘이 커지지 않게됨으로서 카트리지(4)의 이동이 항시 원활하게 이루어질 수 있게된다.On the other hand, since the coating liquid always wets the extrusion packing 1, the packing is gradually expanded even if it may be somewhat leaked due to the difference in leakage between the material of the packing and the coating liquid. However, since the outer circumference of the packing is formed in a wave shape, the packing expanded portion is absorbed into the gap of the concave groove, so that the expansion in the radial direction hardly occurs, so that the tightening force of the extrusion packing 1 is reduced. Almost no increase is made so that the force of pressing the packing 6 and the chamber 10 by the extrusion packing 1 is not increased so that the movement of the cartridge 4 can be smoothly performed at all times.
상기와 같이 본 고안에 따른 도포기구에 있어서는 링형상으로된 팩킹은 이 팩킹이 수용되는 공간에 여분의 공간이 거의없는 경우에 가장 큰 효과를 나타내게 되고, 또 반드시 이러한 경우뿐만 아니라 종래의 링형상의 팩킹을 사용할 필요가 있는 경우에는 어떤 경우던지 종래의 형상의 팩킹대신 사용할 수가 있어, 정도의 차는 있다하더라도 효과적으로 사용할 수가 있게된다.As described above, in the applicator according to the present invention, the ring-shaped packing has the greatest effect when there is almost no extra space in the space in which the packing is accommodated. In the case where it is necessary to use the packing, in any case, it can be used instead of the packing of the conventional shape, and even if there is a difference in degree, it can be effectively used.
한편, 본 고안에 따른 팩킹의 소재는 공지의 어떤한 것이던지 상관이 없고, 또 본 고안의 링형상의 팩킹은 상기 실시예와 같이 필기구 또는 도포기구 뿐만아니라 종래 팩킹링을 이용한 것이라면 어떠한 것이라도 이용할수 있음은 물론이다.On the other hand, the material of the packing according to the present invention may be any known material, and the ring-shaped packing of the present invention may be used as long as it uses a conventional packing ring as well as a writing instrument or an application device as in the above embodiment. Of course you can.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP176485 | 1986-11-17 | ||
| JP1986176485U JPH0630302Y2 (en) | 1986-11-17 | 1986-11-17 | Writing instruments and applicators |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| KR880009264U KR880009264U (en) | 1988-07-22 |
| KR900006222Y1 true KR900006222Y1 (en) | 1990-07-12 |
Family
ID=16014488
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR2019870019885U Expired KR900006222Y1 (en) | 1986-11-17 | 1987-11-17 | Extrusion Packing of Applicator |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0630302Y2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR900006222Y1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3739024A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2606850B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2198197B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT8722656A0 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3924926A1 (en) * | 1989-07-27 | 1991-02-07 | Mitsubishi Pencil Co | DEVICE FOR APPLYING LIQUID |
| DE4323266C2 (en) * | 1993-07-12 | 1995-08-03 | Busak & Luyken Gmbh & Co | Sealing arrangement |
| FR2764946B1 (en) * | 1997-06-20 | 1999-09-10 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | STARTER FOR MOTOR VEHICLE WITH IMPROVED SEAL |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB852507A (en) * | 1956-01-25 | 1960-10-26 | Pioneer Oilsealing & Moulding | Improvements in or relating to sealing rings |
| GB971016A (en) * | 1962-05-10 | 1964-09-23 | Prec Associates Inc | Sealing ring |
| GB1224219A (en) * | 1967-09-20 | 1971-03-03 | Minnesota Rubber Co | Static seal |
| US3550990A (en) * | 1969-06-17 | 1970-12-29 | Minnesota Rubber Co | Sealing device |
| GB1385882A (en) * | 1971-09-17 | 1975-03-05 | Bal Ltd | Seal assemblies |
| GB1395334A (en) * | 1971-12-31 | 1975-05-21 | Bal Ltd | Packing assemblies |
| DE2314857A1 (en) * | 1973-03-24 | 1974-09-26 | Knorr Bremse Gmbh | SEAL RING |
| US4226428A (en) * | 1978-07-13 | 1980-10-07 | Paptzun George J | Flexible seal and groove assembly |
| JPS6114763Y2 (en) * | 1981-03-25 | 1986-05-08 | ||
| US4448429A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1984-05-15 | W. S. Shamban & Company | Elastomer energized seal |
| JPS60161769A (en) * | 1983-12-28 | 1985-08-23 | Pentel Kk | Applicator incorporating liquid |
| CA1291965C (en) * | 1985-02-20 | 1991-11-12 | Mitsubishi Pencil Co., Ltd. | Brush-like writing instrument |
-
1986
- 1986-11-17 JP JP1986176485U patent/JPH0630302Y2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1987
- 1987-11-17 FR FR878715878A patent/FR2606850B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-11-17 IT IT8722656A patent/IT8722656A0/en unknown
- 1987-11-17 KR KR2019870019885U patent/KR900006222Y1/en not_active Expired
- 1987-11-17 DE DE19873739024 patent/DE3739024A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1987-11-17 GB GB8726834A patent/GB2198197B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6382485U (en) | 1988-05-30 |
| GB8726834D0 (en) | 1987-12-23 |
| KR880009264U (en) | 1988-07-22 |
| IT8722656A0 (en) | 1987-11-17 |
| DE3739024A1 (en) | 1988-05-19 |
| GB2198197A (en) | 1988-06-08 |
| FR2606850B1 (en) | 1990-04-27 |
| JPH0630302Y2 (en) | 1994-08-17 |
| GB2198197B (en) | 1991-01-16 |
| FR2606850A1 (en) | 1988-05-20 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A201 | Request for examination | ||
| UA0108 | Application for utility model registration |
Comment text: Application for Utility Model Registration Patent event code: UA01011R08D Patent event date: 19871117 |
|
| UA0201 | Request for examination |
Patent event date: 19871117 Patent event code: UA02012R01D Comment text: Request for Examination of Application |
|
| UG1501 | Laying open of application | ||
| UG1604 | Publication of application |
Patent event code: UG16041S01I Comment text: Decision on Publication of Application Patent event date: 19900614 |
|
| E701 | Decision to grant or registration of patent right | ||
| UE0701 | Decision of registration |
Patent event date: 19900924 Comment text: Decision to Grant Registration Patent event code: UE07011S01D |
|
| REGI | Registration of establishment | ||
| UR0701 | Registration of establishment |
Patent event date: 19901213 Patent event code: UR07011E01D Comment text: Registration of Establishment |
|
| UR1002 | Payment of registration fee |
Start annual number: 1 End annual number: 3 Payment date: 19901213 |
|
| LAPS | Lapse due to unpaid annual fee | ||
| UC1903 | Unpaid annual fee |
Termination date: 19941008 Termination category: Default of registration fee |