KR880001826Y1 - Circuit breaker - Google Patents

Abstract

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Description

Circuit breaker

1 is an example of a conventional circuit breaker. FIG. 1 (a) is a partial cross-sectional plan view, and FIG. 1 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line IB-IB.

2 is an explanatory diagram of the behavior of electrode particles between the contacts of a conventional circuit breaker.

3 is an embodiment of the circuit breaker of the present invention, in which FIG. 3 (a) is a partial cross-sectional plan view, and FIG. 3 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line IIB-IIB.

4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IIB-IIB of FIG. 4 (a), partly in cross-sectional plan view, and (b) in FIG. 4 (b).

5 is another embodiment of the circuit breaker of the present invention, in which FIG. 5 (a) is a partial cross-sectional plan view, and FIG. 5 (b) is a sectional view taken along line IIB-IIB.

6 is a perspective view of a magnetic flux plate.

7 is an explanatory diagram of the behavior of contact particles between the contacts of the circuit breaker of the present invention.

FIG. 8 shows contact portions, in which FIG. 8 (a) is a front view, FIG. 8 (b) is a top view, and FIG. 8 (c) is a side view.

9 is a principle diagram for explaining the relationship between the arc and the arc board.

10 shows a contact portion of yet another embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 10 (a) is a front view, FIG. 10 (b) is a top view, and FIG. 10 (c) is a side view.

Figure 11 is a plan view showing a contact portion of another embodiment of the present invention.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

10: stator 11: repulsive contact, fixed contact

14,18: pin 15: toggle operator

16: toggle contact 20: magnetic flux plate

20a, 20b: side plate 30: rebound mover, fixed bending piece

100a, 100b: Arc shield

The present invention relates to a circuit breaker, and more particularly, to a circuit breaker that improves the current-limiting performance at the time of breaking.

When an example of a conventional circuit breaker is shown, there existed a structure as shown to 1st (a) and 1st (b), too.

That is, in the drawing, (1) is an enclosure forming the outer frame of the circuit breaker composed of an insulator, (2) is a high conductor constituting one electrode of a pair of electrical contacts, and the electrical contact surface of the high conductor (2) As shown in FIG. 2, the stationary contact 3 was attached.

(4) is a movable conductor which is the other electrode of a pair of electrical contacts, and the movable contact 5 is also attached to the electrical contact surface as shown in FIG.

(6) is an operating mechanism for opening and closing the movable conductor (4), (7) arc extinguishing pipe (9) for cooling the arc generated between the fixed contact (3) and the movable contact (5) is formed in the enclosure (1) Arc or hot gas outlet.

The conventional circuit breaker is configured as described above, and the operation thereof will be described next.

Now, when the movable contact 5 and the fixed contact 3 are connected, the electric power is connected to the fixed conductor 2, the fixed contact 3, the movable contact 5, and the movable conductor 4 at the power supply side. It is supplied to the load side in the order of.

In this state, when a large current such as a short-circuit current flows in this circuit, the operating mechanism part 6 operates to release the movable contact from the fixed contact.

At this time, an arc 8 occurs between the fixed and movable contacts 3 and 5 and an arc voltage is generated between the fixed and movable contacts 3 and 5.

This arc voltage rises as the deviation distance of the movable contact 5 from the fixed contact point 3 becomes great, and at the same time, since the arc 8 is attracted and extended by the magnetic force in the direction of the arc board 7, it again becomes To rise.

In this interruption operation, a large amount of energy is generated between the movable contact 5 and the fixed contact 8 by the arc 8 for a short time, that is, several milliseconds, and thus the temperature of the gas in the enclosure 1 Rises and the pressure rises rapidly, but this high-temperature, high-pressure gas is discharged from the arc outlet 9 into the atmosphere.

However, the performance of the circuit breaker having such an operation is that the arc voltage is high, and according to the magnitude of the arc voltage, the arc current flowing during the blocking operation is suppressed to reduce the magnitude of the current through the circuit breaker.

Therefore, a circuit breaker that generates a high arc voltage has high protection against various electrical device devices including a distribution line arranged in series with the circuit breaker, and even a narrow circuit or an urban interruption area can be selected even when the circuit break period is directly regulated. Will be.

In response to such a request, in the conventional circuit breaker of this type, in order to exhibit a high arc voltage, the movable conductor 4 is separated at a high speed or the shape of the Dion arc plate has been improved to extend the arc. In this case, there is a certain limit to the rise of the arc voltage, and there is an unsatisfactory defect.

Therefore, prior to the description of the circuit breaker of the present invention, the behavior of the arc voltage between the fixed and movable contacts will be described.

In general, the arc resistance has the following relationship.

In other words,

Where R is the arc resistance ( )

P: Arc Resistivity ( Cm)

ι: length of arc (cm)

S: arc cross-sectional area (㎠)

By the way, in general, the arc space is occupied by the contact particles in the short arc of the convection current of several KA and the arc length is 50 mm or less, but the emission of the contact particles occurs at right angles to the contact surface. When the particles are released, they have a temperature close to the non-kinetic point of the connecting metal material, and as soon as they are injected between the arcs, they are injected with electrical energy, become high temperature and high pressure, become conductive, and in the direction of the arc pressure distribution. As it expands, it flows away from the junction on the highway.

In this way, the arc resistance P and the arc cross-sectional area S in the arc space are determined by the generation amount of the contact point particle and the emission direction thereof, and thus the arc voltage is also determined by the behavior of the contact particle. Referring to the behavior of the electrode particles by a conventional circuit breaker, it is as shown in FIG.

8, the arc X surface represents an opposing surface which is a contact surface at the time of contact of each contact 3 and 5, and the Y surface represents a part of the contact surface and the conductor surface which are electrical contact surfaces other than the X surface, respectively. The rim angle Z represented by a dashed line indicates the outer angle of the arc 8 occurring gradually between (3) and (5), and a, b, and c schematically represent the contact particle generated at the contact point.

a is a contact particle generated at the center of the X surface of the opposing face, b is a contact and conductor particle generated at some Y surface of the contact surface and the conductor surface, and c is an opposing face x surface which is an intermediate position between the contact particles a and b. As contact particles generated near the perimeter of, the path after its discharge flows by each streamline indicated by the arrows m, n and o.

Other code is shown in FIG.

The contact particles emitted from these contacts (3) (5), in the arc space in order to increase the temperature of the junction metal of the contact metal, that is, the conductive temperature at about 3000 ℃ or more 8000 ℃ or 20,000 ℃ The energy is taken away and the temperature of the arc space is lowered, resulting in arc resistance.

The amount of energy desorbed by the contact particles in the arc space is large in the degree of temperature increase, and the degree of temperature increase is determined by the position and the emission path of the electrode particles generated in the contact in the arc space.

By the way, in the conventional circuit interruption shown in FIG. 2, the contact particle a generated near the center of the X plane deodorizes a large amount of opposing surface energy in the arc space, but the contact particle b is formed on the contact surface and a part of the Y surface of the conductor surface. The amount of energy deodorized in the arc space is smaller than that of the contact particle a. Moreover, the contact particle C generated in the peripheral part of the opposing surface X will deodorize only about the middle of the energy amount which the particle | grains a and b deodorized.

That is, in the range in which the contact particle a flows, a large amount of energy is deodorized to lower the temperature of the arc space, thereby increasing the arc resistivity P. However, in the range in which the contact particle b or c flows, a large amount of energy cannot be deodorized. In addition, the temperature of the arc space decreases little, and therefore, the arc resistivity P cannot be increased, and since the arc occurs on the opposite surface X surface and the contact surface Y surface, the arc cross-sectional area increases, and thus the arc resistance decreases.

Since the outflow of energy from the arc space by the contact particles is in balance with the electrical injection energy, if the amount of injection of the contact point generated between the contacts into the arc space is increased, of course, the temperature of the arc space is greatly reduced, resulting in an arc resistivity. It can be seen that the arc voltage can be increased by increasing it.

This invention breaks the limit on the rise of the arc voltage in the conventional circuit breaker as described above, increases the amount of contact into the arc space of the contact particles generated between the contacts, and realizes the contact breakdown on the highway, thereby reducing the arc voltage. The purpose is to obtain a circuit breaker that can be extremely raised. Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

3 (a) and 3 (b) show an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes an enclosure, 10 a fixed conductor, and one end of the fixed conductor 10 is connected to an end of the repeller 30 made of a conductor by a flexible copper twisted pair.

The rebound mover 30 is pivotally supported at one end by the pin 14, and the rebound contact 11 is fixed at the other end thereof.

Reference numeral 15 denotes a toggle mover made of a conductor that opens and closes by the operation of the operation mechanism 6, and at one end thereof, the toggle contact 16 is fixed and the other end is pivotally supported as the pin 18.

The rebound mover 30 and the toggle mover 15 are arranged to face each other such that the contact points 11 and 16 are contacted with each other.

(13) and (17) are voltage springs.

Numeral 20 denotes a magnetic flux plate made of a u-shaped magnetic body as shown in FIG. 6, wherein the magnetic flux plates 20 hold both sides 20a and 20b between the repulsive mover 30 and the toggle mover 15. It is arranged against it.

As shown in FIG. 8A, 8B, and 8C, 1000a is formed of a high resistance material having a higher resistivity than the repulsive actuator 30, and the rebound contact 11 Arc shield is installed on the rebound actuator 30 so as to surround the outer periphery.

As the method for forming the arc shield 100a, a high-resistance material, such as ceramic, is coated on the rebound actuator 30 by, for example, plasma liquid injection, or a plate-shaped material made of a fixed port material is fixed to the rebound actuator 30. You may.

In addition to the organic or inorganic insulator, a high resistance material may be a high resistance metal such as nickel, iron, copper nickel, copper manganese, copper manganese, iron carbon, iron nickel or iron chromium.

The arc shielding body 100b is formed of a high resistivity material having a higher resistivity than the toggle mover 15, and is provided on the mover 15 so as to surround the outer circumference of the toggle contact 16, and the forming method thereof is described above. Same as the case of (100a).

The following operation will be described.

The operation of the toggle actuator 15 by the operation of the operating mechanism 6 is the same as the conventional one. The rebound mover 30 and the toggle mover 15 are arranged to face each other as described above, and both movers are supported by one end to rotate freely.

Therefore, when a large current such as a short-circuit current occurs, the repulsive actuator 30 and the toggle actuator 15 are both displaced under the electromagnetic force expressed by the vector of the current and the magnetic flux. 20), the magnetic resistance of the magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the repulsive motive and the toggle actuator 15 is very small, which causes a strong electromagnetic repulsion force, which causes the toggle actuator 15 and the rebound actuator. 30 performs opening operation on the highway in opposite directions.

Another embodiment of this invention is shown in FIG. 4 (a) and FIG. 4 (b).

In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a stator, and reference numeral 10 denotes a stator made of a conductor. The end of the stator 10 is bent into a u-shape, and the fixed contact 11 is fixed to the tip of the bending piece 30. It is.

15 is a conductor which opens and closes by the operation of the operating mechanism part 6, and is a toggle mover. At one end thereof, the toggle contact 16 is fixed and the other end is supported by the pin 18 automatically.

The bending piece 30 of the stator 10 and the toggle mover 15 are arrange | positioned facing each other so that each contact | attachment 11 and 16 may contact | connect.

17 is a voltage spring.

Numeral 20 denotes a magnetic flux plate of a u-shaped magnetic body, as shown in FIG. 6, wherein the magnetic flux plates 20 have both side pieces 20a and 20b of the bending piece 30 of the stator 10 and the toggle mover. It arrange | positions so as to oppose the 15.

As shown in Figs. 8 (a), 8 (b) and 8 (c), (100a) and (100b) are more resistant than the bending pieces 30 and the toggle mover 15 of the stator 10. The arc shield is formed of a high-resistance material of high frame, and is provided on the bending piece 30 of each stator 10 and the toggle and toggle mover 15 so as to surround the outer circumference of the fixed contact 11 and the toggle contact 16. The fixed term material used for the arc shields 100a and 100b and the forming method are as described above.

Next, the operation will be described.

The operation of the toggle mover 15 by the operation of the operating mechanism 6 is the same as the conventional one, but the stator 10 and the toggle mover 15 are disposed to face each other as described above, the toggle mover 15 is One end is supported freely.

Therefore, when a large current such as a short-circuit current occurs, the stator 10 and the toggle mover 10 are simultaneously displaced by receiving an electromagnetic force expressed exclusively of current and magnetic flux. However, in this design, by installing a new magnetic flux plate 20, The magnetic resistance of the magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the stator and the toggle actuator 15 is extremely small.

For this reason, a strong electromagnetic repulsion force is generated, and the toggle actuator 15 opens at a high speed.

Another embodiment of this invention is shown in FIG. 5 (a) and FIG. 5 (b).

In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes an enclosure, reference numeral 10 denotes a high conductor, and one end of the fixed conductor 10 is connected to an end of the repulsive mover 30 made of a conductor by the flexible copper wire 12. .

The repulsive acting motion 30 is supported by the pin 14 so as to rotate freely, and the rebound contact 11 is fixed to the other end thereof.

Reference numeral 15 denotes a toggle actuator made of a conductor that opens and closes by an operation of the operation mechanism part 6, and a toggle contact 16 is fixed to one end thereof.

The rebound mover 30 and the toggle mover 15 are arranged to face each other such that the contact points 11 and 16 come into contact with each other.

(13) is the voltage spring. 20 is a magnetic flux plate made of a u-shaped magnetic body as shown in FIG. 6, and the magnetic flux plates 20 are arranged so that both side pieces 20a and 20b sandwich the repulsive mover 30 to face each other. have.

(100a) (100b) is a high-resistance material having higher resistivity than the repulsive actuator 30 and the toggle actuator 15, as shown in Figs. 8 (a), 8 (b), and 8 (c). And the arc shielding body formed on each of the rebound actuators 30 and the toggle actuators 15 so as to surround the outer circumference of the rebound contact 11 and the toggle contact 16. The high-resistance material and the formation method used therein are described above. Same as one case.

Next, the operation will be described.

The operation of the toggle mover by the operation of the operating mechanism 6 is the same as the conventional one, but the reaction mover 30 and the toggle mover 15 are arranged to face each other as described above, and the reaction mover 30 is rotated once. It is supported freely. Therefore, when a large current such as a short-circuit current occurs, it is dislodged under the electromagnetic force represented by the vector of the current and the magnetic flux simultaneously with the reaction actuator 30 and the toggle actuator 15, but in this design, a new magnetic flux plate 20 is provided. As a result, the magnetic resistance of the magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the repulsive actuator 30 and the toggle actuator 15 is extremely low, and thus a strong electromagnetic repulsive force is generated, and the repulsive actuator 30 performs the highway opening operation. Next, the behavior of the contact particles of the arc column between the contacts 11 and 16 will be described.

In Fig. 7, reference numerals 11 and 16 are contacts facing each other, and fixed bending or rebound actuators 30 and toggle actuators surround the outer periphery of each contact point 11 and 16 and face the arc space. The arc shields 100a and 100b are provided at 15, as described above.

In the figure X, Q, C, m are the same as those shown in FIG. 2 Z _o is the space outside of the arc (8) contracted by the devised, and O _O also in the prior art device by the invented Is a streamline to the contact flowing through the other path, and Q reflects the pressure generated by the arc 8 by the arc shields 100a and 100b, and raises the pressure that was resisted in the conventional one without the arc shield. Each space is marked with a cross diagonal line.

Between the contacts of such a circuit breaker, the electrode particles have the following behavior.

That is, the pressure value in the space Q cannot be equal to or larger than the pressure value of the arc 8 itself, but reflects the pressure generated by the arc shields 100a and 100b, and resists the conventional one without the arc shield. The space where the pressure is increasing is indicated by cross diagonal lines, respectively.

Between the contacts of such a circuit breaker, the electrode particles have the following behavior.

That is, the pressure value in the space Q cannot be higher than the pressure value of the space of the arc 8 itself, but shows an overwhelmingly high value compared with the case where the arc shielding bodies 100a and 100b are not provided.

Therefore, in the space Q created in the arc shielding bodies 100a and 100b, a considerably high pressure becomes a force for suppressing the widening of the arc 8 space, thereby compressing the arc 8 into a narrow space.

That is, the compressed stream of contact particles a, c, etc. generated at the opposite surface X is compressed and closed into the arc space. Therefore, the contact particles generated on the X surface of the opposing surface are effectively injected into the arc space, and as a result, the large amount of contact particles effectively injected in the arc space deodorizes a large amount of energy which is not comparable to the conventional one. This makes it cool, thereby raising the arc resistance, i.e., significantly increasing the arc resistance, thereby raising the arc voltage very high.

Thus, as described above, when the large current is generated, since the opening speeds of the toggle actuator 15, the repulsive actuator 30 or the stator 10 are configured to be extremely fast, the arc shields 100a and 100b also move at high speed. .

The high speed movement of the arc shielding body has a pressure drop in the arc space, further promoting the above-described effect and extremely raising the arc voltage between the toggle mover 15 and the rebound mover 30 or the stator 10.

The arc-breaking phenomena of the circuit breakers of FIGS. 3 (a), 3 (b), 4 (a), 4 (b), 5 (a) and 5 (b) are roughly abnormal. The same is true of arc currents such as tube current and load current.

For the small current, the breaking performance at the current zero, that is, the insulation recovery ability of the arc space at the current zero becomes a problem rather than the current limiting performance.

This is due to the following reasons.

Break Current If = V / Z

However, If: breaking current, V: circuit voltage, Z: circuit impedance.

In the case of small currents, however, the circuit impedance is much greater than the arc resistance and the current limiting by the arc rarely occurs.

Thus, the current zero occurs at the point determined by the circuit impedance. In this situation, if the circuit impedance is large and the inductance is large, the instantaneous value of the circuit voltage at the current zero is high, and in order to increase the interruption, the arc space is isolated from the voltage difference between the above circuit voltage and the arc voltage. You must recover.

On the other hand, when the large current is cut off, that is, the circuit impedance is small, the current limit caused by the arc is large, and the current zero also changes drastically depending on the degree of current limit, and the zero point is reached at a point where the insulation recovery power of the arc is sufficient. It can be blocked as a form.

As described above, the small current interruption requires very severe blocking in some cases than the large current interruption.

By the way, the insulation recovery power of the space is largely influenced by the thermal cooling of the arc lifting section.

In order to obtain the thermal cooling power of the bright wine, heat is directly absorbed by the tension and cooling member of the arc bright wine for a smaller current than before.

Soho pipes are one example of such means, which generally consist of a magnetic body and have a shape that is easy to elongate an arc.

The relationship between an arc and an arc board is demonstrated by drawing.

In Fig. 9, reference numeral 7 denotes an arc extinguishing plate, and 8 denotes an arc cross section, and current flows in a direction from the surface to the back surface perpendicular to the ground. The magnetic field generated by this arc indicates its state as m in the figure.

In such a configuration, the magnetic field of the main surface of the arc 8 is deformed by the influence of the West Lake plate 7 of the magnetic body, and the magnetic flux in the space close to the magnetic body becomes rare and eventually the direction indicated by F in the drawing by the electromagnetic force, that is, It adsorb | sucks in the direction attracted by the extinguishing board 7.

In this way, the arc is elongated and absorbs heat to the arc board 7, thereby strengthening the insulation recovery of the light-emitting main part.

However, in the above-described arc shielding bodies 100a and 100b, since the root of the arc is limited on the contact surface, the distance from the arc board 7 is also long, and the effective suction force does not work, so that the elongation of the arc is sufficient. I could not. Therefore, at the current zero point, the cooling of the photovoltaic column becomes insufficient, and therefore, the insulation recovery power against the small current decreases and the breaking performance deteriorates.

This difficulty is solved in another embodiment shown in FIG. 10 (a), 10 (b), and 10 (c).

In this embodiment, the arc shields 100a and 100b are formed with grooves 25 facing outward from the contacts 11 and 16, and the grooves 25 are each movable element 30 or 15 or stator 10. A part of the conductor of) is exposed and connected to the contacts 11 and 16.

11 shows another embodiment, in which the contact 11, 16 forms two grooves 25, 25 at its corners in the case of a square contact.

10 and 11, the grooves 25 are formed in the direction of the arc plate 7, and guide the arc 8 to the grooves 25 to adsorb in the direction of the arc plate 7. The elongation of arc brightening wine becomes more effective.

As a result, the arc positive powder is directly in contact with the arc extinguishing plate 7, and absorbs a large amount of heat therein, thereby sufficiently cooling, thereby increasing the insulation recovery ability to the small current.

In each of the above embodiments, when the arc shields 100a and 100b are formed by the coating, the arc shielding bodies 100a and 100b become inexpensive and the formation thereof is simple.

In addition, since the weight is reduced on each mover side, the moment of inertia becomes small and the release speed of the movers 15 and 30 becomes large, resulting in an increase in the arc voltage.

The SOHO tube 7 is not necessary, but it is more effective to use it. The material of the defoaming pipe (7) is formed of magnetic material or nonmagnetic material. However, in the case of large circuit breaker rated, the temperature rise at the rated operation is a problem, which causes a large amount of pipe retention due to the magnetic material. Can be removed.

In addition, in the above embodiment and the like described as a single-pole circuit breaker as an example, of course, this invention is applied to each pole of the multi-pole circuit breaker.

As described above, according to the present invention, by providing a simple device at low cost, it is possible to significantly increase the arc voltage beyond one of the conventional circuit breakers, and thus an excellent circuit breaker with high current limiting performance can be obtained.

Claims (4)

It has a conductor and contacts (11, 16) fixed to the conductor and is installed to face each other so that the contacts (11, 16) can be contacted with each other. A pair of movable contacts made up of a pair of movable actuators 30 and a toggle actuator 15 and a high resistance material having a higher resistivity than the conductors and the contacts; (100a) (100b) for increasing the pressure of the arc by compressing the arc generated between the contacts when the contact is detached, and the two sides of the contact (20a) (20b) by pinching the movable contact to face the conductor of the contact Circuit breaker, characterized in that consisting of a magnetic flux plate (20) made of a u-magnetic material to improve the repulsive force for connecting the magnetic flux of the magnetic flux. 2. The circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein the arc shield (100a) (100b) has a groove (25) directed from the contact toward the free end of the conductor and the part of the conductor is exposed by connecting a portion of the conductor to the contact in the groove (25). 2. The circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein the movable contact is provided with a spring (13) for supporting the conductor in a direction in which one end thereof is rotatably supported and the contact is closed again. The method according to claim 1, wherein the rebound actuator 30 is bent in a u-shape and the free end thereof is positioned to face the free end of the conductor of the toggle mover 15 so that the contact is secured to the free end of the conductor. Circuit breaker characterized in that.