KR810000264B1 - Radial-flow reactor for the synthesis of ammonia with production of high thermal-level system - Google Patents

Abstract

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Description

Discharge reactor for synthesizing ammonia with the production of high temperature steam

1 is a schematic view of the discharge reactor of the present invention.

2 is a detailed view of the discharge reactor components.

3 is an explanatory view of the closure between the container and the friend.

The present invention relates to a discharge reactor for synthesizing ammonia capable of producing steam having high heat.

In particular, the present invention relates to a discharge reactor having two catalyst beds for the synthesis of ammonia capable of producing steam with high heat. In special cases, however, the reactor may have two or more catalyst beds.

A discharge reactor for synthesizing ammonia is known. They consisted of vertical cylindrical vessels, inside of which two catalyst beds were arranged in a vessel of a conical rotor having a small wall of pores. These work as follows. That is, after preheating the inside of the reactor by the consumption of the heat of reaction, a part of the synthetic sesame enters the first phase, through which it is discharged from the inside to the outside. The reaction product and unreacted sesame from the first catalyst bed are mixed with the remainder of the synthetic sesame in an annular zone defined between the outer cylindrical vessel and the cone front rotating vessel described above. The mixture enters the second catalyst phase and is discharged inward from the outside. The reacted cracks then flow through the heat exchanger to partially preheat the cracks to be sent on the first catalyst.

The discharge reactor prepared according to the conventional method has the disadvantage of providing a satisfactory yield of ammonia but lowering the thermal level of the heat of reaction that can be recovered and the recovery is carried out at the outside of the reactor in some proportion.

It has been found that the heat of reaction can be recovered in a simple and inexpensive manner at the same time as the production of steam with high heat while maintaining the principle of an unchanged discharge reactor.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a discharge reactor for the synthesis of ammonia comprising a boiler for the production of water vapor having two catalyst beds and having a high temperature therein.

Although the object of the present invention has been described with reference to the accompanying drawings 1, 2 and 3, the embodiments described in the drawings are not intended to limit the present invention but are merely illustrative.

Referring to FIG. 1, in the tubes of exchanger 1 (only one tube is shown in the figure), the preheated injection sieze enters the first catalyst bed 3 through the annular cross-section conduit 2 and flows radially to react. The reaction product and the unreacted cracks flow through the annular cross-section conduit 4, partially out of it through the opening 5 and some flow into the vessel of the tubular boiler 7 through the conduit 6.

The two streams merge at the bottom of the tubular boiler 7 and flow through the second annular-section conduit 8 onto the second catalyst. The reactants and reaction products flow radially through the second catalyst phase and are collected in the central conduit 9 of the second phase and exit from it to wash the outer surface of the tubes of the exchanger 1.

The discharge reactor according to the invention comprises the following parts (see FIGS. 2 and 3).

Outer hood 1 of alloy steel, lead 2 on top of it, has a center through which boiler 3 passes and is formed by a tubing in the form of U or bayones, By means of the method, it is directly frangible on the lead 2 of the reactor and can be easily recovered. Boiler tube water enters through inlet 5 and steam comes out of nozzle 6. The vessel's vessel 7 is a cylindrical tube whose bottom is welded to the annular plate 8 and is equipped with a thermal expansion bond 9. The length of the vessel is from the inner surface of the boiler and the cold cracks from the outer wall of the vessel, when the top of vessel 7 is compressed into a specially formed groove formed on the bottom of zero boiler 4 of the boiler when the lid is fixed to the boiler. It was limited to provide internal sealing between hot sesame seeds.

Figure 3 shows the closure between the vessel and the franz.

The container edge was inserted into groove 10 of the franz equipped with suture 11. Strong sealing to the outside is given by gas gel 12 in the form of a lance.

The boiler is equipped with an externally controlled valve 13 that can change the flow rate of the sesame to the boiler. The boiler vessel was equipped at its end with a set of holes 14 to allow some of the sesame to flow when the valve was sufficiently heated. The cold sesame is injected into the reactor on the catalyst through tube 15 and then flows through the annular conduit 16 into the tubes of heat exchanger 17 and then from the exchanger to the first catalyst phase and then to the second phase as described above.

The hot sesame produced by the reaction flows into the boiler through piping 18 equipped with a thermal expansion bond.

There is a first catalyst bed in the conical arrangement around the boiler and within the area defined by the outer surface of the boiler vessel and by the cylindrical wall of the outer hood and optical axis to define the annular section band 16 through which the cool cracks flow. The first catalyst bed is at a suitable distance from the outer surface of the boiler vessel and the inner surface of the cylindrical wall described above. The first catalyst bed lies on the plate 8 described above and is separated from the plate, through which tube 18 passes, which injects hot sesame into the boiler.

The annular top plate 19 was externally fixed to the inner wall of the outer hood and internally attached to the boiler vessel. Top plate 19 is separated from lead 2 in a manner that may allow sufficient room for passing tube 18, valve 13 and injection tube 15.

The second catalyst phase was arranged below the first catalyst phase and separated from the first conical catalyst phase and placed on the annular support plate 20. The second catalyst phase is separated from the support phase of the first phase and from the second cylindrical wall coaxial and parallel to the first catalyst phase and has an internal base diameter equal to the diameter of the support plate on the first catalyst phase.

Second, Glace reacted in the hollow central zone on the catalyst flows through the outer surface of the tubes of the exchanger 17, the exchanger being fabricated in a conventional manner and placed directly under the second catalyst and connected to two cylindrical plates connected to the cylindrical wall of the first coaxial shaft. And the coaxial cylindrical wall is the hood of the exchanger.

The reacted cracks exit from the exchanger through the annular cross-section conduit 21 and the conduit 22 at the base of the reactor is used to inject the hot synthetic cracks during the start-up phase. As soon as the reactor is filled and at steady state the reactants are injected through tube 15.

Each of the two catalyst beds was surrounded by two cylindrical porous walls, the top of which was closed by an annular plate and the bottom by a support plate on the catalyst.

The top plate 19 and the support plate 20 for the second catalyst bed became the maximum porosity that gas could pass through.

Claims (1)

Long vertical cylindrical outer cylinder of alloy steel: lid with a central bore mounted on top of the outer cylinder: a top plate with a central bore fixed to the inner wall of the outer cylinder underneath the lid. Adjacent to the bottom of the top plate, it is attached to the outer cylinder under the top plate and has an outer wall away from the inner wall of the outer tube to form the first conduit of the annular cross section, which is formed between the lead and the top plate through the outward periphery of the top plate. The first coaxial cylinder is designed to establish a flow relationship with the space in the outward outer cylinder. U- or sheath boilers extending through the bore to the outer cylinder, frangical grooves at the bottom connecting the boiler to the leads: Injection nozzles connected to the boiler inlet through the franchis to deliver water to the boiler. A discharge nozzle connected to the boiler's outlet through a franz to discharge steam from the boiler. The first annular plate fixed to the inner wall of the first coaxial cylinder: A cylindrical tube extending from the lower end fixed to the first annular plate to seal the boiler with the upper end sealingly interlocked in the groove in the franz: The conical curve supported by the first annular plate Rotating first catalyst bed: supported by the first annular plate and attached within the outer cylinder to form a low end between the first pair of porous coaxial cylinders and the cylindrical tube to form an inner conduit of annular cross section, with the upper end of the first catalyst bed being the first pair The first pair of porous coaxial cylinders forming a first catalytically sidewall sealed by an annular plate disposed between the interior of the porous cylinder and the first coaxial cylinder of Is suitable for supporting a second catalyst bed which is attached to and underneath the first catalyst bed. Annular plate: A second coaxial cylinder extending between the first and second annular plates, the second conduit of annular cross section between the outer surface of the second pair of porous cylinders and the inner surface of the second coaxial cylinder supported by the second annular plate and attached to the outer cylinder The second conduit is in flow communication with the boiler and the upper end of the second pair of porous cylinders forms a second catalyst sidewall closed by an annular plate on the outer surface of the second porous cylinder. Second pair of porous coaxial cylinders: Multiple openings formed near the bottom end of the boiler enclosure to provide a flow relationship between the interior and the second annular conduit: Center-cylindrical conduit formed by the inner surface of the porous cylinder, inner wall and first of the first coaxial cylinder An additional conduit of annular cross-section formed between the outer wall of the outer surface of the second pair of porous cylinders and the outer wall of the second coaxial cylinder; A pipe extending through the top plate that provides a flow relationship between the annular conduit and the boiler inside the pipe heat exchanger supported by the outer cylinder at the top and bottom: a valve device in the pipe to control the flow, and the synthesis gas Inlet suitable for injection into the space between the lid and the top plate, providing a flow relationship between the heat exchanger of the central cylindrical conduit in the second catalyst bed via the second annular plate to inject the reacted gas from the second catalyst bed into the heat exchanger. Conduit device, a cylindrical conduit attached to the bottom of the reactor for discharging the reacted gas, coaxially with the outlet conduit The second conduit, this second conduit, was extended through the heat exchanger and was flowed into an additional annular conduit through the conduit device to supply the reactant gas to the reactor until the reaction reached steady state. The reaction product flows through the inlet in the space between the top plates to the first annular conduit, through the annular conduit, through the heat exchanger tube and into the first catalyst phase, and then the reaction product of the first catalyst phase passes from the inner annular conduit to the boiler-through tube. Synthesis of ammonia with the production of a high temperature steam consisting of a second tube which flows into a closed cylinder tube and into a second annular conduit while the remaining reaction product is injected from an inner annular conduit into a second annular conduit receiving the first catalytic phase reaction product. Discharge reactor for use.

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