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KR20180116988A - A system for calculating the state of charge of a lfp battery for car and method thereof - Google Patents

A system for calculating the state of charge of a lfp battery for car and method thereof Download PDF

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KR20180116988A
KR20180116988A KR1020170050000A KR20170050000A KR20180116988A KR 20180116988 A KR20180116988 A KR 20180116988A KR 1020170050000 A KR1020170050000 A KR 1020170050000A KR 20170050000 A KR20170050000 A KR 20170050000A KR 20180116988 A KR20180116988 A KR 20180116988A
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김석호
김희중
김태신
강태주
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세방전지(주)
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    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract

본 발명은 자동차용 LFP 전지(LiFePO4 BATTERY)의 SOC(STATE OF CHARGE) 산출방법에 관한 것으로서, 개로전압(OCV)의 변화가 발생된 구간을 측정하는 a)단계와, 일정한 출력을 유지하는 유지구간을 설정하는 b)단계와, a)단계에서 개로전압(OCV)의 변화가 발생되는 구간에서의 적산 전류 데이터를 초기화하고, 유지구간에서의 적산 전류 데이터를 이용하여 충전량을 계측하는 c) 단계를 포함할 수 있어 안정된 구간에서의 적산 전류 데이터로 SOC(STATE OF CHARGE)를 산출함에 따라 오차가 방지되어 정확한 충전상태의 계측이 가능하고, 이로 인하여 전지의 수명이 연장되는 효과를 얻을 수 있다. The present invention relates to a method of calculating a state of charge (SOC) of an LFP battery (LiFePO4 battery) for an automobile, which comprises a) a step of measuring a period in which a change in an open-circuit voltage (OCV) (B), and (c) a step of initializing the accumulated current data in a period in which the change in the open-circuit voltage (OCV) occurs in the step (a) and measuring the charged amount using the accumulated current data in the maintained period And the SOC (STATE OF CHARGE) is calculated with the accumulated current data in the stable section. As a result, an error can be prevented and the accurate state of charge can be measured. As a result, the life of the battery can be extended.

Description

자동차용 LFP 전지의 SOC 산출 시스템 및 방법{A SYSTEM FOR CALCULATING THE STATE OF CHARGE OF A LFP BATTERY FOR CAR AND METHOD THEREOF}Technical Field [0001] The present invention relates to a system and a method for calculating SOC of an automotive LFP battery,

본 발명은 자동차용 LFP 전지(LiFePO4 BATTERY)의 SOC(STATE OF CHARGE) 산출방법에 관한 것이다. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method of calculating a state of charge (SOC) of an LFP battery for a vehicle (LiFePO 4 battery).

모바일 기기 및 전기차, 하이브리드 자동차에 대한 기술 개발과 수요가 증가함에 따라 에너지원으로서의 이차전지에 대해 수요가 급격히 증가하고 있고, 그러한 이차전지 중에서도 높은 에너지 밀도와 작동 전위를 나타내고, 사이클 수명이 길며, 자기방전율이 낮은 리튬 이차전지가 상용화되어 널리 사용되고 있다.As the technology development and demand for mobile devices, electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles increase, the demand for secondary batteries as energy sources is rapidly increasing. Among such secondary batteries, they exhibit high energy density and operating potential, have a long cycle life, A lithium secondary battery having a low discharge rate is commercialized and widely used.

또한, 최근에는 환경문제에 대한 관심이 커짐에 따라 대기오염의 주요 원인의 하나인 가솔린 차량, 디젤 차량 등 화석연료를 사용하는 차량을 대체할 수 있는 전기자동차(EV), 하이브리드 전기자동차(HEV) 등에 대한 연구가 많이 진행되고 있다. 이러한 전기자동차(EV), 하이브리드 전기자동차(HEV) 등의 동력원으로는 주로 니켈 수소금속(Ni-MH) 이차전지가 사용되고 있지만, 높은 에너지 밀도, 높은 방전 전압 및 출력 안정성의 리튬 이차전지를 사용하는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으며, 일부 상용화 되어 있다.In recent years, there has been a growing interest in environmental issues, and as a result, electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), which can replace fossil-fueled vehicles such as gasoline vehicles and diesel vehicles, And the like. Although a nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) secondary battery is mainly used as a power source for such an electric vehicle (EV) and a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), a lithium secondary battery having a high energy density, a high discharge voltage, Research is being actively carried out, and some are commercialized.

리튬 이차전지는 전류 집전체 상에 각각 활물질이 도포되어 있는 양극과 음극 사이에 다공성의 분리막이 개재된 전극조립체에 리튬염을 포함하는 비수계 전해질이 함침되어 있는 구조로 이루어져 있다. The lithium secondary battery has a structure in which a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a lithium salt is impregnated in an electrode assembly having a porous separator interposed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode coated with an active material on a current collector.

이러한 리튬 이차전지의 양극 활물질로는 리튬 코발트계 산화물, 리튬 망간계 산화물, 리튬 니켈계 산화물, 리튬 복합 산화물 등이 사용되고 있고, 음극 활물질로는 탄소재료가 주로 사용되고 있고, 규소 화합물, 황 화합물 등의 사용도 고려되고 있다.Lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium composite oxide and the like are used as the positive electrode active material of such a lithium secondary battery. Carbon materials are mainly used as the negative electrode active material, and silicon compounds, Use is also being considered.

높은 출력 특성이 요구되는 자동차용 전지 제작 시 낮은 전압대에서 출력을 보조해 줄 수 있는 양극재의 사용의 필요성이 대두되어 최근에 리튬 인산철(LiFePO4)을 양극활물질로 사용하는 리튬인산철 이차전지(LiFePO4 SECONDARY BATTERY)(이하에서는 LFP 전지로 총칭함)가 제안되었다. In the production of automotive batteries requiring high output characteristics, the necessity of using a cathode material capable of supporting output at a low voltage band has arisen. Recently, a lithium iron phosphate secondary battery using lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) (LiFePO 4 SECONDARY BATTERY) (hereinafter, generically referred to as an LFP battery).

LFP 전지(LiFePO4 BATTERY)는 기존에 널리 사용되고 있던 양극 활물질인 삼성분계(LiNiMnCoO2) 물질이나 스피넬 망간 (LiMn2O4) 등에 비해 작동 전압대가 낮은 특성을 가지고 있지만, 안정된 동작 특성을 갖는 장점이 있다. The LFP battery (LiFePO 4 BATTERY) has a lower operating voltage range than the conventional cathode active material (LiNiMnCoO 2 ) or spinel manganese (LiMn 2 O 4 ), but has an advantage of stable operation characteristics.

이와 같은 LFP 전지(LiFePO4 BATTERY)는 다른 리튬 이차전지와 마찬가지로 충방전을 반복하면서 화학변화에 의한 수명의 단축을 방지하기 위하여 비엠에스(BMS:BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM)에 의하여 충전과 방전이 일정영역에서 이루어지도록 긴밀한 관리가 필요하다. 이는 도 1을 참조하여 설명한다.Such an LFP battery (LiFePO 4 BATTERY), like other lithium secondary batteries, can be charged and discharged by a battery management system (BMS) in order to prevent shortening of lifetime due to chemical change while repeating charge / Close management is required. This will be described with reference to Fig.

도 1은 종래의 LFP 전지의 충방전시의 전압과 전류를 측정한 그래프이다. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a graph showing voltage and current measured during charging and discharging of a conventional LFP battery. FIG.

도 1을 참조하면, 종래의 LFP 전지(LiFePO4 BATTERY)는 0°와 25°, 50°에서 충전시에 측정된 전압과 적산 전류(A 참조)와 방전시에 측정된 전압과 적산 전류(B 참조)는 충전 초기와 후반기에서 각각 변곡점( a, a')이 발생된다. 즉, LFP 전지(LiFePO4 BATTERY)는 저온 및 상온에서 충전 또는 방전시에 전압의 변화가 급격하게 이루어지는 구간(t1, t3)이 존재한다. Referring to FIG. 1, a conventional LFP battery (LiFePO 4 BATTERY) has a voltage measured at the time of charging at 0 °, 25 ° and 50 °, a total current (see A), a voltage measured at the time of discharging, (A, a ') are generated at the beginning and the end of charging, respectively. That is, the LFP battery (LiFePO 4 BATTERY) has sections t 1 and t 3 during which the voltage changes abruptly at the time of charging or discharging at a low temperature and a normal temperature.

따라서, 종래의 LFP 전지(LiFePO4 BATTERY)는 비엠에스(100)(BMS)에서 충방전의 관리를 위하여 SOC(STATE OF CHARGE)를 산출하고, 이를 기반으로 하여 충전량 및/또는 방전량을 예측하여 충방전을 제어하나 상술한 바와 같이 충전 및 방전시에 전압이 급격하게 변화되는 구간이 존재하고 있어 적산 오차가 누적되는 문제점이 있었다. Therefore, the conventional LFP battery (LiFePO 4 BATTERY) calculates SOC (STATE OF CHARGE) for managing the charging and discharging in the BMS 100, predicts the charge amount and / or the discharge amount based on the SOC The charge / discharge is controlled. However, as described above, there is a period in which the voltage is abruptly changed at the time of charging and discharging, and accumulated error is accumulated.

즉, LFP 전지(LiFePO4 BATTERY)는 다른 이차전지와 달리 출력전압이 다양하게 변화하는 구간이 존재함에 따라 종래의 SOC 산출방법을 적용시에 적산 전류의 누적 오차가 크기에 충전시간이 길어지거나 방전 구간이 짧아지게 되기에 충방전 효율이 떨어지게 되고, 궁극적으로 전지의 수명을 단축시키는 문제점을 갖는다. In other words, since the LFP battery (LiFePO 4 BATTERY) has a period in which the output voltage varies in a variety of ways, unlike other secondary batteries, when the conventional SOC calculation method is applied, the cumulative error of the accumulated current becomes large, The charging / discharging efficiency is deteriorated, and ultimately the life of the battery is shortened.

한국 등록특허공보 제10-0669476호(2007.01.09)Korean Registered Patent No. 10-0669476 (2007.01.09) 한국 공개특허공보 제10-2013-0074048호(2013.07.04)Korean Patent Laid-Open No. 10-2013-0074048 (Feb.

그러므로, 상기와 같은 종래의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 안출된 본 발명의 목적은 전기차(EV), 하이브리드 자동차(HEV)등에 장착되는 LFP 전지(LiFePO4 BATTERY)의 적산 전류시의 누적 오차를 축소할 수 있는 자동차용 LFP 전지의 SOC 산출 시스템 및 그 방법을 제공함에 있다. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems of the related art. It is an object of the present invention to reduce the cumulative error of an LFP battery (LiFePO 4 BATTERY) mounted on an electric vehicle (EV), a hybrid vehicle And a method for calculating the SOC of an LFP battery for an automobile.

본 발명은 상기와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여 하기와 같은 목적을 달성할 수 있다. The present invention can achieve the following objects in order to achieve the above object.

본 발명은 개로전압(OCV)의 변화가 발생된 구간을 측정하는 a)단계와, 일정한 출력을 유지하는 유지구간을 설정하는 b)단계와, a)단계에서 개로전압(OCV)의 변화가 발생되는 구간에서의 적산 전류 데이터를 초기화하고, 유지구간에서의 적산 전류 데이터를 이용하여 충전량을 계측하는 c) 단계를 포함하는 자동차용 LFP 전지의 SOC 산출방법을 제공한다. The present invention is characterized in that it comprises the steps of a) measuring a period in which a change in the open-circuit voltage (OCV) occurs, b) setting a maintenance period in which a constant output is maintained, And c) measuring the charged amount by using the accumulated current data in the holding period. The present invention also provides a method for calculating the SOC of an LFP battery for an automobile.

그러므로, 본 발명은 전기차 또는 하이브드리드 자동차에 장착되는 LFP 전지(LiFePO4 BATTERY)에서 출력 전압의 변화가 심한 구간에서이 데이터를 리셋하고, 안정된 구간에서의 적산 전류 데이터로 SOC(STATE OF CHARGE)를 산출함에 따라 오차가 방지되어 정확한 충전상태의 계측이 가능하고, 이로 인하여 전지의 수명이 연장되는 효과를 얻을 수 있다. Therefore, the present invention resets this data in a section where the output voltage changes significantly in an LFP battery (LiFePO 4 BATTERY) mounted on an electric car or a hybrid vehicle, and outputs SOC (STATE OF CHARGE) as the accumulated current data in the stable section It is possible to prevent an error and calculate a precise state of charge, thereby prolonging the service life of the battery.

도 1은 종래의 LFP 전지의 SOC를 측정한 그래프이다.
도 2는 본 발명에 따른 자동차용 LFP 전지의 SOC 산출시스템을 도시한 블럭도이다.
도 3은 도 2의 제어부를 도시한 블럭도이다.
도 4는 본 발명에 따른 자동차용 LFP 전지의 SOC 산출방법을 도시한 순서도이다.
도 5는 본 발명의 실시예를 도시한 그래프이다. 1 is a graph showing SOC of a conventional LFP battery.
2 is a block diagram showing an SOC calculation system of an LFP battery for a vehicle according to the present invention.
3 is a block diagram showing the control unit of FIG.
4 is a flowchart showing a method of calculating the SOC of an LFP battery for a vehicle according to the present invention.
5 is a graph showing an embodiment of the present invention.

이하에서는 본원이 속하는 기술 분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자가 용이하게 실시할 수 있도록 본 발명의 구현예 및 실시예를 들어 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, embodiments and examples of the present invention will be described in detail so that those skilled in the art can easily carry out the present invention.

그러나 본원은 여러 가지 상이한 형태로 구현될 수 있으며 여기에서 설명하는 구현예 및 실시예에 한정되지 않으며, 명세서 및 청구범위에 사용된 용어나 단어는 통상적이거나 사전적인 의미로 한정 해석되지 아니하며, 본 발명의 기술적 사상에 부합하는 의미와 개념으로 해석되어야만 한다.However, the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments and examples described herein, and the terms and words used in the specification and claims are not to be construed in a conventional or dictionary sense, It should be construed as meaning and concept consistent with the technical idea of.

명세서 전체에서, 어떤 부분이 어떤 구성요소를 "포함"한다고 할 때, 이는 특별히 반대되는 기재가 없는 한 다른 구성요소를 제외하는 것이 아니라 다른 구성요소를 더 포함할 수 있는 것을 의미한다. Throughout the specification, when an element is referred to as "comprising ", it means that it can include other elements as well, without excluding other elements unless specifically stated otherwise.

이하에서는 본 발명에 따른 자동차용 LFP 전지의 SOC 산출시스템 및 그 방법의 바람직한 실시예를 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 상세히 설명한다. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of an SOC calculation system and method of an LFP battery for a vehicle according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

도 2는 본 발명에 따른 자동차용 LFP 전지의 SOC 산출시스템을 도시한 블럭도이다. 2 is a block diagram showing an SOC calculation system of an LFP battery for a vehicle according to the present invention.

도 2를 참조하면, 본 발명은 복 수개의 LFP 이차전지셀(LiFePO4 SECONDARY BATTERY CELL, 이하 LFP 전지셀이라 총칭함)이 조합되는 LFP 전지팩(200)(LiFePO4 BATTERY PACK)과, LFP 전지팩(200)의 충방전을 제어하는 비엠에스(100)(BMS : BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM)를 포함한다. 2, the present invention relates to an LFP battery pack 200 (LiFePO 4 BATTERY PACK) in which a plurality of LFP secondary battery cells (LiFePO 4 SECONDARY BATTERY CELL, hereinafter collectively referred to as LFP battery cells) are combined, And a battery management system (BMS) 100 for controlling the charging and discharging of the pack 200.

비엠에스(100)는 전지팩(200)의 온도와 전압/전류를 감지하는 센서부(120)와, LFP 전지팩(200)에서 부하로 연결되는 전원라인을 차단 또는 통전시키는 스위칭부(130)와, 센서부(120)의 감지신호를 수신하여 스위칭부(130)를 선택적으로 제어하여 충방전을 제어하는 제어부(110)와, LFP 전지팩(200)의 적산 전류 데이터를 누적시켜 저장하는 저장부(140)를 포함한다. The BMS 100 includes a sensor unit 120 for sensing the temperature and voltage / current of the battery pack 200, a switching unit 130 for shutting off or energizing the power line connected to the load in the LFP battery pack 200, A controller 110 for receiving the sensing signal of the sensor unit 120 and controlling the charging and discharging by selectively controlling the switching unit 130 and a storage unit for accumulating and storing the accumulated current data of the LFP battery pack 200. [ (140).

센서부(120)는, 예를 들면, LFP 전지팩(200)(LiFePO4 BATTERY PACK)의 온도를 감지하는 온도센서와, LFP 전지팩(200)(LiFePO4 BATTERY PACK)의 전압을 감지하는 전압센서와, LFP 전지(LiFePO4 BATTERY PACK)의 전류를 감지하는 전류센서 및 LFP 전지(LiFePO4 BATTERY PACK)의 저항을 감지하는 저항센서중 적어도 하나를 포함한다. 따라서, 센서부(120)는 LFP 전지(LiFePO4 BATTERY PACK)의 온도와 전압과 전류 및/또는 저항을 감지하여 제어부(110)로 출력한다. Sensor unit 120 is, for example, LFP battery pack 200 voltage for sensing the voltage of the (LiFePO 4 BATTERY PACK) temperature sensor and, LFP battery pack 200 (LiFePO 4 BATTERY PACK) for sensing a temperature of a sensor and, LFP battery (LiFePO 4 bATTERY PACK) at least one of a resistance sensor for sensing the resistance of the current sensor and the LFP cells (LiFePO 4 bATTERY PACK) for sensing the current of the. Therefore, the sensor unit 120 senses the temperature, voltage, current, and / or resistance of the LFP battery (LiFePO 4 battery pack) and outputs the sensed temperature to the controller 110.

여기서 전압은, 예를 들면, 하이브리드 자동차(HEV)에 탑재되는, 예를 들면, 마일드 하이브리드 이차전지팩(200)의 경우에 시동이 꺼진 상태에서 측정되는 개로전압(OCV)과, 시동 상태의 충전 또는 방전전압을 포함할 수 있다. Here, the voltage is, for example, an open-circuit voltage (OCV) measured in a state in which the starter is turned off in the case of, for example, a mild hybrid secondary battery pack 200 mounted on a hybrid vehicle (HEV) Or a discharge voltage.

제어부(110)는 센서부(120)의 감지신호를 수신하여 LFP 전지팩(200)(LiFePO4 BATTERY PACK)의 적산 전류 데이터를 저장부(140)에 누적 저장하고, 누적된 적산 전류 데이터와 개로 전압으로 충전량을 계측한다. LFP 전지팩(200)(LiFePO4 BATTERY PACK)의 SOC(STATE OF CHARGE)를 산출하여 LFP 전지팩(200)이 충전율과 방전율을 연산하여 스위칭부(130)를 제어한다. 이와 같은 제어부(110)의 상세 구성은 도 3을 참조하여 설명한다. The control unit 110 receives the sensing signal of the sensor unit 120 and cumulatively stores the accumulated current data of the LFP battery pack 200 (LiFePO 4 BATTERY PACK) in the storage unit 140, The charged amount is measured by the voltage. The STATE OF CHARGE of the LFP battery pack 200 (LiFePO 4 battery pack) is calculated and the LFP battery pack 200 calculates the charging rate and the discharge rate to control the switching unit 130. The detailed configuration of the control unit 110 will be described with reference to FIG.

도 3은 제어부(110)의 세부구성을 도시한 블럭도이다. 3 is a block diagram showing the detailed configuration of the control unit 110. As shown in FIG.

도 3을 참조하면, 제어부(110)는 개로전압(OCV)의 변화 구간을 감지하는 구간감지모듈(111)과, 센서부(120)에서 감지된 시간당 전류값을 누적 적산하는 전류적산모듈(112)(112)과, 구간감지모듈(111)에서 감지된 개로전압(OCV)의 변화가 설정된 기준범위(ΔV)가 초과된 구간에서 누적된 적산 전류 데이터를 리셋시키는 리셋모듈(113)과, 적산 전류 데이터와 개로전압(OCV)을 합하여 충전량 및/또는 충전상태(STATE OF CHARGE)를 계측하는 연산모듈(114)을 포함한다. 3, the control unit 110 includes an interval detection module 111 for detecting a change interval of the open-circuit voltage OCV, a current integration module 112 for cumulatively integrating the current values per unit time sensed by the sensor unit 120, A reset module 113 for resetting accumulated current data accumulated in a period in which a change in the open-circuit voltage OCV sensed by the section detection module 111 exceeds a set reference range? V, And a calculation module 114 for measuring the charge amount and / or the charge state (STATE OF CHARGE) by summing the current data and the open-circuit voltage (OCV).

구간감지모듈(111)은 LFP 전지팩(200)의 개로 전압(OCV)에서 구간별 변화를 감지한다. 예를 들면, 개로전압(OCV)은 SOC의 30% 지점과 80% 지점에서 각각 상향 및/또는 하향되고 그 사이의 구간에서는 평탄하게 일정 범위 이내의 값을 유지하게 된다. 따라서, 구간감지모듈(111)은 이와 같은 개로전압(OCV)이 상향 또는 하향되는 지점과, 평탄화 구간을 각각 감지한다. The interval detection module 111 detects a change in the open-circuit voltage (OCV) of the LFP battery pack 200 according to the interval. For example, the open-circuit voltage (OCV) is upward and / or downward at 30% and 80% of SOC, respectively, and remains flat within a certain range. Accordingly, the section detection module 111 detects a point where the open-circuit voltage (OCV) is upward or downward and a flattening section, respectively.

전류적산모듈(112)은 LFP 전지팩(200)의 시간당 전류값인 적산 전류 데이터를 누적하여 저장부(140)에 저장한다. 아울러, 전류적산모듈(112)은 센서부(120)에서 감지된 전압값(개로전압(OCV))을 저장함도 가능하다. The current integration module 112 accumulates the accumulated current data, which is the current value per unit time of the LFP battery pack 200, and stores the accumulated current data in the storage unit 140. In addition, the current integrating module 112 may store the voltage value (open-circuit voltage (OCV)) sensed by the sensor unit 120.

리셋모듈(113)은 구간감지모듈(111)에서 상향 또는 하향되는 구간(t1, t3)(도 5 참조)을 감지하면, 해당 구간(시간) 동안 누적된 적산 전류 데이터를 초기화시킨다. 즉, 리셋모듈(113)은 전압변화가 큰 구간에서 측정된 적산 전류 데이터를 초기화시킴에 따라 평탄화 구간에서의 감지된 적산 전류 데이터만이 저장부(140)에 저장되도록 한다. The reset module 113 initializes the accumulated current data accumulated during the corresponding period (time) when detecting the upward or downward sections t1 and t3 (see FIG. 5) in the section detection module 111. FIG. That is, the reset module 113 initializes the integrated current data measured in the section where the voltage change is large, so that only the integrated current data sensed in the flattening section is stored in the storage section 140.

연산모듈(114)은 저장부(140)에서 저장된 적산 전류 데이터와 개로전압(OCV)을 확인하여 충전량 및/또는 SOC를 계측한다. 예를 들면, 연산모듈(114)은 공지된 전압측정방법에서 배터리의 전압을 개로전압(OCV)으로 설정하고, 적산 전류 데이터 및 온도와 비교하여 연산한다. 이와 같은 적산 전류 데이터와 개로전압(OCV)을 이용한 SOC의 산출방법은 공지된 기술임에 따라 그 설명을 생략한다. The calculation module 114 checks the accumulated current data and the open-circuit voltage (OCV) stored in the storage unit 140 and measures the charge amount and / or the SOC. For example, the computing module 114 sets the voltage of the battery to the open-circuit voltage (OCV) in a known voltage measuring method, and compares it with the integrated current data and the temperature. Such a method of calculating the SOC using the integrated current data and the open-circuit voltage (OCV) is a well-known technique, and a description thereof will be omitted.

또는 연산모듈(114)은 LFP 전지팩(200)의 전류를 측정하고, 이를 시간에 대해 적분하여 SOC를 산출하는 전류적분방법(Current Integration Method)을 적용함도 가능하다. Alternatively, the calculation module 114 may apply a current integration method that measures the current of the LFP battery pack 200 and integrates the current with respect to time to calculate the SOC.

여기서, 연산모듈(114)은 센서부(120)(예를 들면, 저항센서)에서 감지되는 LFP 전지팩(200)의 저항을 통하여 수명을 산출 할 수 있다. Here, the calculation module 114 can calculate the service life through the resistance of the LFP battery pack 200 sensed by the sensor unit 120 (for example, a resistance sensor).

더욱 바람직하게로는 저항센서는 복 수개가 LFP 전지팩(200)(LiFePO4 BATTERY PACK)의 각 LFP 전지셀 별로 각각 연결되어 저항을 측정하여 전체 LFP 전지(LiFePO4 BATTERY PACK)의 전체 저항과, 전지셀별 저항값을 모두 측정할 수 있도록 한다. 그러므로 연산모듈(114)은 LFP 전지팩(LiFePO4 BATTERY PACK)의 수명과, 각 전지셀별 수명을 모두 예측할 수 있다. More preferably, the resistance sensor is connected to each of the LFP battery cells of the LFP battery pack 200 (LiFePO 4 battery pack), and the resistance is measured to determine the total resistance of the entire LFP battery (LiFePO 4 battery pack) So that the resistance value of each battery cell can be measured. Therefore, the calculation module 114 can predict both the lifetime of the LFP battery pack (LiFePO 4 battery pack) and the lifetime of each battery cell.

이하에서는 상기와 같은 구성을 포함하는 자동차용 LFP 전지의 SOC 산출방법을 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 설명한다. Hereinafter, an SOC calculation method of an LFP battery for an automobile including the above-described configuration will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

도 4는 본 발명에 따른 LFP 전지의 충전상태 산출방법을 도시한 순서도, 도 5는 본 발명의 실시예를 도시한 그래프이다. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a charging state calculation method of an LFP battery according to the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a graph showing an embodiment of the present invention.

도 4를 참조하면, 본 발명은 개로전압(OCV)을 측정하어 SOC를 산출하는 S110 단계와, 개로전압(OCV)이 상승 또는 하향되는 범위가 설정된 기준범위(ΔV)에 해당되는 지를 판단하는 S120 단계와, 개로전압(OCV)에서 설정된 기준범위(ΔV)가 초과된 구간의 적산 전류 데이터를 초기화하는 S130 단계와, 개로전압(OCV)에서 설정된 기준범위(ΔV)를 초과하지 않는 평탄화된 구간에서 적산 전류 데이터를 누적하여 저장하는 S140 단계와, 누적된 적산 전류 데이터와 개로전압(OCV)을 이용하여 SOC를 보정하는 S150 단계와, 보정된 SOC를 통하여 충전 또는 방전을 제어하는 S160 단계를 포함한다. Referring to FIG. 4, the present invention includes a step S110 of calculating an SOC by measuring an open-circuit voltage (OCV), and a step S120 of determining whether a range where the open-circuit voltage OCV rises or falls corresponds to a set reference range? And a step S30 of initializing the integrated current data of the section in which the reference range? V set in the open-circuit voltage OCV is exceeded, and a step S130 of initializing the integrated current data in the flattened section not exceeding the reference range? V set in the open- Accumulating accumulated current data, accumulating and storing the accumulated current data, correcting the SOC using the cumulative integrated current data and the open-circuit voltage (OCV), and controlling the charging or discharging through the corrected SOC .

S110 단계는 제어부(110)가 센서부(120)의 감지신호를 통하여 개로전압(OCV) 및 시간당 전류를 감지 및 누적하여 저장하는 단계이다. 여기서, 제어부(110)의 전류적산모듈(112)은 개로전압(OCV) 및 적산 전류 데이터를 저장부(140)에 저장한다. 그리고 제어부(110)의 구간감지모듈(111)은 센서부(120)의 개로전압(OCV) 감지신호를 실시간으로 수신하여 상향 또는 하향되는 구간의 변곡점(a, a')을 확인한다. 이때, 연산모듈(114)은 실시간으로 수신되는 개로전압(OCV)을 통하여 SOC를 산출한다. In step S110, the controller 110 senses, accumulates, and stores the open-circuit voltage (OCV) and the current per unit time through the sensing signal of the sensor unit 120. [ Here, the current integrating module 112 of the control unit 110 stores the open-circuit voltage (OCV) and the accumulated current data in the storage unit 140. The interval detection module 111 of the control unit 110 receives the open-circuit voltage (OCV) detection signal of the sensor unit 120 in real time and confirms the inflection point (a, a ') of the upward or downward section. At this time, the calculation module 114 calculates the SOC through the open-circuit voltage (OCV) received in real time.

S120 단계는 구간감지모듈(111)에서 개로전압(OCV)의 변화가 설정된 기준범위(ΔV)를 초과하는지를 확인한다. 예를 들면, LFP 전지팩(200)의 개로전압(OCV)은 도 5의 그래프에 도시된 바와 같이 SOC가 0~30% 되는 지점까지의 제1구간(t1)에서 설정된 기준범위 보다 높은 값으로 상승되어 변곡점(a)부터 평탄화된 제2구간(t2)을 유지하다가 80%에 해당되는 변곡점(a')부터 급격히 상승되는 제3구간(t3)의 곡선으로서 출력된다. In step S120, the interval detection module 111 checks whether the change of the open-circuit voltage OCV exceeds the set reference range? V. For example, as shown in the graph of FIG. 5, the open-circuit voltage (OCV) of the LFP battery pack 200 is set to a value higher than the reference range set in the first section t1 from the point where the SOC is 0 to 30% And is outputted as a curve of the third section t3 which is raised from the inflection point a 'corresponding to 80% while maintaining the second section t2 flattened from the inflection point a.

여기서, 기준범위(ΔV)는 전압의 변화레벨의 범위를 한정하는 것으로 예를 들면, ±0.1~0.3V로 설정될 수 있다. Here, the reference range [Delta] V defines the range of the voltage change level and can be set to, for example, ± 0.1 to 0.3V.

따라서, 구간감지모듈(111)은 위 그래프와 같이 제1구간(t1)과 제3구간(t3)을 감지하고, 변곡점 a부터 a' 사이의 제2구간(t2)을 기준범위(ΔV) 이내에서 평탄하게 유지하는 구간으로 판단하여 각각의 구간별 감지신호를 리셋모듈(113)과 연산모듈(114)에 출력한다. Therefore, the section detection module 111 detects the first section t1 and the third section t3 as shown in the above graph, and detects the second section t2 between the inflection points a and a 'within the reference range V And outputs a detection signal for each section to the reset module 113 and the arithmetic module 114.

S130 단계는 리셋모듈(113)에서 기준범위(ΔV) 보다 변화가 큰 구간의 감지신호가 수신되면, 해당 구간의 적산 전류 데이터를 초기화시키는 단계이다. 리셋모듈(113)은 구간감지모듈(111)에서 감지된 제2구간(t2)을 제외한 나머지 변곡점 a 이전의 제1구간(t1)과, 변곡점 a' 이후의 제3구간(t3)의 적산 전류 데이터를 초기화시킨다. The step S 130 is a step of initializing the integrated current data of the corresponding interval when the detection module 113 receives a detection signal having a larger variation than the reference range V. The reset module 113 compares the accumulated current I3 of the first section t1 before the inflection point a and the third section t3 after the inflection point a 'except for the second section t2 detected by the section detection module 111, Initialize the data.

S140 단계는 전류적산모듈(112)에서 개로전압(OCV)이 일정하게 유지되는 제2구간(t2)의 적산 전류 데이터를 저장부(140)에 누적시켜 저장하는 단계이다. 제2구간(t2)의 적산 전류 데이터는 센서부(120)에서 감지되어 제어부(110)로 출력되고, 제어부(110)는 전류적산모듈(112)에서 저장부(140)에 저장시킨다. The step S140 accumulates the accumulated current data of the second section t2 in which the open-circuit voltage OCV is kept constant in the current accumulation module 112 in the storage section 140 and stores the accumulated current data. The integrated current data of the second section t2 is sensed by the sensor section 120 and output to the control section 110. The control section 110 stores the accumulated current data in the storage section 140 in the current integration module 112. [

S150 단계는 연산모듈(114)에서 S140 단계에서 누적된 적산 전류 데이터와 개로전압(OCV)을 이용하여 SOC(STATE OF CHARGE)를 보정하는 단계이다. 앞서 산출된 SOC는 개로전압(OCV)의 변화가 큰 제1구간(t1) 및/또는 제3구간(t3)을 포함하고 있어 오차가 누적될 수 있다. 따라서, 본 발명은 개로전압(OCV)이 일정한 기준 범위(ΔV) 내에서 유지되는 제2구간(t2)의 적산 전류 데이터 및 개로전압(OCV)을 이용하여 SOC를 계측하여 S110 단계의 SOC를 보정한다. In step S150, the calculation module 114 corrects the SOC (STATE OF CHARGE) using the accumulated current data accumulated in step S140 and the open-circuit voltage (OCV). The calculated SOC includes the first interval t1 and / or the third interval t3 in which the change of the open-circuit voltage OCV is large, so that the error can be accumulated. Therefore, the present invention measures the SOC by using the integrated current data and the open-circuit voltage (OCV) of the second section t2 in which the open-circuit voltage (OCV) is maintained within the constant reference range? V and corrects the SOC in step S110 do.

S160 단계는 S150 단계에서 보정된 SOC를 이용하여 LFP 전지팩(200)의 충방전을 제어하는 단계이다. 즉, 제어부(110)는 스위칭부(130)를 제어하여 LFP 전지팩(200)과 부하(도시되지 않음)와 충전기(도시되지 않음)에 연결되는 전원 라인을 선택적으로 통전 또는 차단한다. In step S160, charge / discharge of the LFP battery pack 200 is controlled using the SOC corrected in step S150. That is, the control unit 110 controls the switching unit 130 to selectively energize or cut off the power line connected to the LFP battery pack 200 and the load (not shown) and the charger (not shown).

이와 같이 본 발명은 LFP 전지의 전기적 특성을 고려하여 전압의 변화되지 않은 안정된 구간에서 SOC를 계측함에 따라 누적된 오차가 초기화될 수 있어 정확한 SOC의 계측이 가능하다. As described above, the present invention can accurately measure the SOC because the accumulated error can be initialized by measuring the SOC in a stable section in which the voltage is not changed in consideration of the electrical characteristics of the LFP battery.

그러므로 본 발명이 적용되는 LFP 전지팩은 정확한 SOC의 충방전 제어가 가능하기에 종래에 비하여 LFP 전지의 수명을 연장시킬 수 있다. Therefore, the LFP battery pack to which the present invention is applied can accurately control the charge / discharge of the SOC, which can prolong the lifetime of the LFP battery.

이상에서 설명된 본 발명의 실시예는 예시적인 것에 불과하며, 본 발명이 속한 기술분야의 통상의 지식을 가진자라면 이로부터 다양한 변형 및 균등한 타 실시예가 가능하다는 점을 잘 알 수 있을 것이다.It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and equivalent arrangements may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

그러므로 본 발명은 상기의 상세한 설명에서 언급되는 형태로만 한정되는 것 은 아님을 잘 이해할 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 본 발명의 진정한 기술적 보호 범위는 첨부된 특허청구범위의 기술적 사상에 의해 정해져야 할 것이다. 또한, 본 발명은 첨부된 청구범위에 의해 정의되는 본 발명의 정신과 그 범위 내에 있는 모든 변형물과 균등물 및 대체물을 포함하는 것으로 이해되어야 한다.It is therefore to be understood that the invention is not limited to the form set forth in the foregoing description. Accordingly, the true scope of the present invention should be determined by the technical idea of the appended claims. It is also to be understood that the invention includes all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

100 : 비엠에스 110 : 제어부
111 : 구간감지모듈 112 : 전류적산모듈
113 : 리셋모듈 114 : 연산모듈
120 : 센서부 130 : 스위칭부
140 : 저장부 200 : LFP 전지팩 100: BMS 110: Control unit
111: interval detection module 112: current integration module
113: reset module 114: operation module
120: Sensor unit 130:
140: storage unit 200: LFP battery pack

Claims (6)

복 수개의 LFP 전지셀(LiFePO4 BATTERY CELL)을 구비한 LFP 전지팩(LiFePO4 BATTERY PACK)의 충방전을 제어하는 비엠에스(BMS:BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM)를 포함하고,
비엠에스(BMS)는
LFP 전지팩(LiFePO4 BATTERY PACK)의 전압, 전류, 온도 및 저항중 하나 이상을 감지하는 센서부;
LFP 전지팩(LiFePO4 BATTERY PACK)과 부하, 또는 LFP 전지팩(LiFePO4 BATTERY PACK)과 충전기간의 전원라인을 통전 또는 차단시키는 스위칭부; 및
센서부의 감지신호를 수신하여 SOC를 계측하고, 계측된 SOC를 이용하여 스위칭부를 구동시켜 LFP 전지팩(LiFePO4 BATTERY PACK)이 충방전을 제어하는 제어부;를 포함하고,
제어부는 센서부에서 감지된 LFP 전지팩(LiFePO4 BATTERY PACK)의 전압이 평탄하게 일정하게 유지되는 구간에서 측정된 전압값과 전류값을 통하여 SOC를 산출하는 것을 특징으로 하는 자동차용 LFP 전지의 SOC 산출 시스템.
And a battery management system (BMS) for controlling charging and discharging of an LFP battery pack (LiFePO 4 battery pack) having a plurality of LFP battery cells (LiFePO 4 battery cells)
BMS (BMS)
A sensor unit for sensing at least one of voltage, current, temperature and resistance of the LFP battery pack (LiFePO 4 battery pack);
A switching unit for energizing or shutting off the power supply line between the LFP battery pack (LiFePO 4 BATTERY PACK) and the load or between the LFP battery pack (LiFePO 4 BATTERY PACK) and the charger; And
And a controller for controlling the charge / discharge of the LFP battery pack (LiFePO 4 BATTERY PACK) by measuring the SOC by receiving the sensing signal of the sensor unit and driving the switching unit using the measured SOC,
Wherein the control unit calculates the SOC based on the voltage value and the current value measured in a period in which the voltage of the LFP battery pack (LiFePO 4 battery pack) sensed by the sensor unit is kept flat and constant. Output system.
제1항에 있어서, 전압값은 개로전압(OCV)이고, 전류값은 시간당 누적된 전류값인 적산 전류 데이터인 것을 특징으로 하는 자동차용 LFP 전지의 SOC 산출방법.
The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the voltage value is an open-circuit voltage (OCV), and the current value is cumulative current data that is a cumulative current value per hour.
제1항에 있어서, 제어부는
센서부에서 감지된 전압이 설정된 기준범위를 초과하여 변화되는 제1구간(t1)과, 설정된 기준범위 내에서 일정한 레벨로 유지되는 제2구간과, 제2구간(t2) 이후에 기준범위를 초과하는 제3구간(t3)을 감지하는 구간감지모듈;
센서부에서 감지된 전압값과 전류값을 저장부에 누적 저장시키는 전류적산모듈;
구간감지모듈에서 제1구간(t1)과 제3구간(t3)중 적어도 하나가 감지되면, 저장부에 저장된 해당 구간의 전압값과 전류값을 초기화시키는 리셋모듈;
구간감지모듈에 감지된 제2구간(t2)에서 측정된 전압값과 전류값을 이용하여 SOC(STATE OF CHARGE)를 산출하는 연산모듈;을 포함하는 자동차용 LFP 전지의 SOC 산출방법.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the control unit
A first section t1 in which a voltage sensed by the sensor section changes beyond a set reference range, a second section maintained at a constant level within a set reference range, and a second section t2 after the second section t2 A period detection module for detecting a third period t3;
A current integrating module for cumulatively storing the voltage value and the current value sensed by the sensor unit in a storage unit;
A reset module for initializing a voltage value and a current value of a corresponding section stored in the storage section when at least one of the first section t1 and the third section t3 is sensed by the section detection module;
And calculating a SOC (STATE OF CHARGE) using the voltage value and the current value measured in the second section (t2) sensed by the section detection module.
복 수개의 LFP 전지셀(LiFePO4 BATTERY CELL)을 구비한 LFP 전지팩(LiFePO4 BATTERY PACK)의 충방전을 제어하는 비엠에스(BMS:BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM)의 자동차용 LFP 전지의 SOC 산출 방법은,
a)개로전압(OCV) 및 적산 전류 데이터를 이용하여 SOC(STATE OF CHARGE)를 산출하는 단계;
b)개로전압(OCV)의 변화가 설정된 범위 이내로 이루어지는 지를 감지하는 단계;
c)기준범위 이내에서 개로전압(OCV)이 유지되는 구간에서 측정된 적산 전류 데이터와 개로전압(OCV)을 이용하여 SOC(STATE OF CHARGE)를 산출하고, a)단계에서 산출된 SOC를 보정하는 단계;를 포함하는 자동차용 LFP 전지의 SOC 산출방법.
A method of calculating the SOC of an LFP battery for automobiles of BMS (Battery Management System), which controls charge / discharge of an LFP battery pack (LiFePO 4 BATTERY PACK) having a plurality of LFP battery cells (LiFePO 4 battery cells)
a) calculating an SOC (STATE OF CHARGE) using open-circuit voltage (OCV) and accumulated current data;
b) detecting whether the change in the open-circuit voltage (OCV) is within a set range;
c) calculating the SOC (STATE OF CHARGE) by using the integrated current data and the open-circuit voltage (OCV) measured in the interval in which the open-circuit voltage (OCV) is maintained within the reference range and correcting the calculated SOC at the step a) And calculating the SOC of the LFP battery for an automobile.
제4항에 있어서, c)단계는 b)단계에서 개로전압(OCV)이 설정된 기준범위를 초과하는 구간이 감지되면, 해당 구간내에서 측정되는 적산전류 데이터를 초기화시키는 단계를 더 포함하는 자동차용 LFP 전지의 SOC 산출방법.
The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step c) further comprises the step of initializing the integrated current data measured in the corresponding interval when an interval exceeding the reference range in which the open-circuit voltage (OCV) SOC calculation method of LFP battery.
제4항에 있어서, b)단계는
a)단계에서 산출된 SOC 구간(%)에서 개로전압(OCV)이 기준범위 이내로 유지되기 시작되는 변곡점(a)까지의 제1구간(t1)과, 제1구간(t1) 이후부터 기준범위 이내에서 유지되는 제2구간(t2)과, 제2구간(t2) 이후에 개로전압(OCV)의 변화가 시작되는 변곡점(a') 이후부터의 제3구간(t3)을 각각 감지하고,
c)단계는 제1구간(t1)과 제3구간(t3)에서 측정된 적산 전류 데이터를 초기화시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 자동차용 LFP 전지의 SOC 산출방법.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein step b)
a first section t1 up to an inflection point a at which the open-circuit voltage OCV starts to be maintained within the reference range at the SOC section% calculated in step a) and a first section t2 within the reference range from the first section t1 (T3) after the inflection point (a ') at which the change of the open-circuit voltage (OCV) starts after the second section (t2), respectively,
wherein the step c) initializes the integrated current data measured in the first section t1 and the third section t3.
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KR20220163114A (en) * 2021-06-02 2022-12-09 경북대학교 산학협력단 METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF LiFePO4 BATTERY CAPACITY RETENTION USING HIGH VOLTAGE INFORMATION, RECORDING MEDIUM AND DEVICE FOR PERFORMING THE METHOD
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