KR20150131745A - Perspective 3d vitual training display method for various transportations - Google Patents

Abstract

For the virtual training of transportation means such as a vehicle, a ship, an aircraft, a railroad, etc., a computer graphic or a photographed real image is constructed as a stereoscopic image by a perspective method in which a left and right eye interval is set as a reference angle
The left and right image intervals of the human visualized distance p1 are set to be human eye intervals and the left and right image intervals of the maximum visual distance p3 are set to be close to 0, To provide spatial perception information such as facts and to provide virtual training scenes to match the facts of the scene
A method of realizing a 3D virtual training screen of transportation by perspective, characterized by providing a safe training environment by repeatedly performing actual training on the screen in a virtual training environment, shortening the training period and allowing easy training by the general public will be.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a 3D virtual training screen for a vehicle,

The present invention relates to a method of constructing a perspective virtual 3D training screen capable of realizing a spatial perception training by stereoscopicizing a virtual training screen of a transportation means by a perspective method based on a viewing angle such as a fact that a human actually observes the screen.

Transportation refers to vehicles (motor vehicles, motorcycles, trains, trains, ships, hang gliders, etc.) for moving people and goods (hereinafter referred to as "transportation").

    Perspective is defined as a picture that gives the illusion of looking like a real landscape.

    A frame is a video or film that changes to a fixed number of screens per second.

     Picture object (a) refers to various picture or picture components constituting each frame.

    For reference, the frame rate per second is the unit of time, in seconds, at which the video or film frame (screen) changes

    The movie was initially 16 frames per second, but now it is 24 frames. NTSC TV adopts an interlace scanning method. It is known that two fields are 1 frame and 30 frames per second.

     Virtual training is a safe training environment, effective training, and economical low-cost training by repeatedly performing training through the screen in the same environment as the actual training through computer graphics and computer.

    In particular, virtual training should increase the sense of perception in space to achieve the same effect

It requires training effects such as the fact that the driving sensation is habituated to the body by gradually repeating the spatial perception training leaving the level of experience.

    However, the conventional virtual reality technologies of transportation are difficult to observe near and far, and it is only a two-dimensional screen. Therefore, the transportation means can not perceive the actual three-dimensional space according to the moving speed, There was no training available.

Korean Patent Application No. 10-2009-0100764 Korean Patent Application No. 10-2009-0062267 Korean Patent Application No. 10-2003-0018225

The object of the present invention is to provide realistic virtual training by providing each of the means of transportation so that the moving foreground can be perceived in real space on the screen in real time so that the actual space can be perceived.

The present invention estimates a maximum visual distance p3 that can perceive a stereoscopic effect in an apparatus that provides an image screen so that the virtual training environment of the transportation means matches the facts

   After establishing a total virtual training segment of transportation

   A minimum movement speed and a maximum movement speed of the transportation means in the virtual training section are set

   The total time taken in seconds to convert the virtual training interval into the minimum moving speed is set

    The total number of screen frames constituted by the total time required for the second unit of 24 frames or more per second

   The first frame of the total frame is photographed or drawn by perspective

   The left and right angular reference of the perspective is constituted by a view angle of the human eye of 40 degrees or more and less than 60 degrees

  A total frame constituted by the perspective method is divided into a left eye frame for a stereoscopic image and a right eye frame

   The left and right gaps of the picture object (a) located at the minimum viewing distance p1 shown in the initial screen of the left eye frame and the right eye frame are set to be 60 mm or more and less than 70 mm on the basis of the left and right eye distance of a person

   The left and right intervals of the picture object (a) at the maximum viewing distance position shown in the initial screen of the left eye frame and the right eye frame are set to be close to 0

   The left and right frames of the picture object (a) sequentially enlarge in proportion to the order of the frames of the left and right images sequentially.

  In addition, in the configuration of the left and right camera for photographing the frame as described above, the focal length of the camera lens is less than 35 mm and less than 70 mm, and the left and right spacing of the left and right camera lenses is 60 mm And less than 70MM.

  The left and right eye frames for stereoscopic purposes photographed with a picture computer graphics or a camera as described above are constructed in association with a moving speed adjusting device of a transportation means including a known accelerating device and a brake.

According to the present invention, since the frame of the provided screen is displayed by the perspective angle of the perspective method based on the human viewing angle, a picture or an image similar to the fact of the actual scene is provided on the screen

   In addition, the image by the stereoscopic image and the maximum visible distance (p3) by the perspective method is converted into the minimum moving speed in seconds and is composed of more than 24 frames per second. Thus, With the same sense of speed as

   As the frames sequentially appear from the video object having the maximum viewing distance according to the left and right perspective angles according to the perspective, the distance between the left and right frames of the left eye frame and the right eye frame increases proportionally, And provides stereoscopic images and spatial perception information close to realistic enough to measure the actual size.

    Therefore, according to the present invention, a video object of a training scene located in an actual space can feel a space perception and a space sense on a screen to be real,

    It is possible to provide a stereoscopic virtual training screen such as a scene because the position and size of the space are changed proportionally according to the moving speed of the transportation means,

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a method for constructing a stereoscopic frame according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is an explanatory drawing for realizing the maximum and minimum visual distance p1 in a frame in a frame;
FIG. 3 is a view for explaining the minimum, maximum visible distance and left and right visual distances according to the left and right eye distances of a person;
Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating the left and right frames by the left and right visual deviations
Fig. 5 is an explanatory diagram for separating the frame of Fig. 2 into left and right eye frames
Fig. 6 is an explanatory diagram of how the left and right intervals of the left and right images in Fig. 3 change
Fig. 7 (a) is an explanatory diagram for configuring a camera in parallel with a human eye interval
FIG. 7B is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of a camera as a human eye interval using a reflector; FIG.
FIG. 7C is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the camera as a human eye interval using a translucent mirror. FIG.
8 is a schematic diagram of the present invention applied to a rear screen
Fig. 9 is an explanatory diagram in which the present invention is applied to a rear screen

The present invention aims to present a mobile, intuitive, spatial and realistic training screen based on the computer graphics, animation, picture or actual shooting technique on the screen during the virtual training of each transportation means.

In the present invention, in the present invention, in the virtual training suitable for repeatedly performing the transportation training such as the actual training, the actual training of the practice training scene in the three-dimensional space such as the real distance and the nearness-based spatial perception training and the three- And provides a method of deriving the expression.

    FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating steps of computing the minimum visual distance p1 and the maximum visual distance p3 of the transportation means in steps and calculating the left and right angles of the stereoscopic picture by the perspective method do

    In other words, the minimum speed (s1) and the maximum speed (s2) are calculated in units of seconds when the vehicle travels during the virtual training. The total length of the virtual training section of the transportation means is divided by the maximum speed (s1) (G) located at the minimum viewing distance (p1) of the transportation means and the picture object (g) located at the maximum viewing distance (p3) a step of constructing a screen of the virtual training section (f1), a step of converting the total time required for moving in the virtual training section of the transportation means into a unit of 24 frames per second or more,

     A step of constructing a total frame constituted in the above step by a left eye frame L for a stereoscopic image and a right eye frame R

     The maximum left and right spacing (x) of the left and right (L, R) screens of the picture object (a) at the minimum visual distance p1 in the left eye frame L and the right eye frame R, (X) of the figure object (a) at the distance (p3)

     The maximum left and right spacing x of the left and right eye (L, R) screens of the constructed picture object (a) is applied to the picture object (a) having the maximum viewing distance (p3) Constructing the left and right spacing (x) of the left and right eye (L, R) frames such that the right spacing (x) is sequentially enlarged and becomes the maximum in the frame corresponding to the minimum viewing distance (p1)

    The left and right frames (L, R) configured as described above are connected to the moving speed system, and the projector is separated from the upper left and upper right phases to form an image on one screen

     And superimposing the two left and right frames on a single screen as a single image and observing the left eye image with the left eye and the right eye image with the right eye, respectively.

   This will be described in more detail as follows.

   In other words, the virtual training driver of the intended transportation means sets the distance that the driver can see the maximum distance as the maximum viewable distance and the distance that can be seen the nearest is calculated as the shortest viewing distance.

    In virtual training, the maximum travel speed at which the vehicle can move at maximum speed is calculated and divided by the number of seconds.

    In the same logic, the slowest moving speed, that is, the minimum speed (s1), is converted in units of seconds.

    (G) of the transportation means, that is, the total distance of the driving movement by the virtual training is calculated as the total distance or the total time.

In addition, the training screen is composed of 24 frames or more per second compared to the total distance of virtual training by means of transportation.

    Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a drawing object (a) of the first frame f1 shown by perspective.

    As shown in FIG. 2, the reason for configuring the maximum viewing distance and the minimum viewing distance (p1) of the transportation means is to display the initially provided training screen by perspective.

     The minimum angle of view (p1) and the angle between the left and right eyes (p3) and the left and right eyes (D)

     As shown in FIG. 3, the viewing angle w of each of the left and right pupils LY, RY of the human being varies from 40 ° to 60 °, depending on the human vision.

     Therefore, the viewing angle W of the imaginary trainer according to the perspective of FIG. 2 is set to 40 to 60 degrees based on 50 degrees.

The reason why the viewing angle W of each frame shown in the perspective view is the viewing angle W of the human eye is to obtain the same effect on the screen at the viewing angle W such as the perspective of the actual trainee on the screen to be.

     Hereinafter, this will be described for each picture object (a) constituted in the first frame F1 shown in Fig.

For convenience of explanation, it is described based on the time of driving a passenger car. However, the present invention is not limited to passenger cars.

As shown in FIG. 2, when the frame shown by the perspective view based on the viewing angle (W) of 40-60 degrees of the human pupil is located, the picture object a closest to the minimum viewing distance p1 is located and the maximum viewing distance p3 (A) is located in proportion to the distance from the object

   It is an object of the present invention to actually perform spatial perception training by constructing a three-dimensional space.

As shown in FIG. 3, since a person sees an object with two eyes to the left and right, a stereoscopic feeling is generated by the deviation of the left and right eyes.

     The maximum visual distance (p3) that a human's eyes can see while feeling a three-dimensional effect on the average by the perspective of the viewer is generally 500 m, though it varies depending on the visual acuity as shown in Figs.

     That is, as shown in FIG. 3, when viewing an object at a position of 30 cm, which is the minimum viewing distance (p1) on the basis of the left and right eye spacing (D) of 50-60 m / m, the left and right deviation angles ° and the maximum viewing distance (p3) is 500m, the deviation angle ∠c is less than 0.007 °.

That is, an object having a distance of 500 m or more can not sense the perspective and the three-dimensional effect because the angle of deviation due to the left and right eye distances D is insignificant.

    As shown in FIG. 4C, when a certain object is viewed with one eye, the left and right sides of the object A and B are the same size.

   However, when you see the same object with your left eye, you can see that A is wide and B is narrow

    In the same logic, when you see the same object with your right eye, A looks narrow and B looks wide.

     By viewing these two visual differences as one, it is possible to feel a three-dimensional feeling or a sense of volume and distance.

     As shown in FIG. 5, in order to convert the frame F1 by the perspective method into a stereoscopic training image by the perspective method, the right eye frame L and the left eye frame L (R).

    The structure of the left-eye frame L and the right-eye frame R separated in this manner is divided into frame units. Since the frames are sequentially displayed, it is required to have 24 frames or more per second so that the frames can be viewed .

    At least 24 frames per second, 30 frames per second, 48 frames per second, 96 frames per second may be used.

   In addition, the training interval or training time is calculated, and the number of screens per second is converted into 24 frames per second or more.

    The total duration is divided by the minimum speed (s1), and the total duration is converted into 24 frames per second.

    Assuming that the longest viewing distance is 500m and the minimum speed is 4km, the minimum time (s1) for the distance of 500m of the maximum viewing distance (p3) is 4000 km, the required time is 450 seconds and the minimum frame number is 10,800. The left and right frames are converted into 21,600 frames.

   As shown in FIG. 6, the perspective angle of the perspective is formed by the human viewing angle (W) in order to make it look like a human eye.

    As shown in FIG. 3, when the interval (x) between the left and right images of the picture object (a) having the maximum viewing distance (p3) of 500 m is set to 0, the left and right viewing deviations of the minimum viewing distance This is because the left and right viewing deviations of the left and right images at a distance of 12 [deg.] To 500m are 0.007 [deg.], Which are close to the plane because of their small angles.

   That is, the visual object (a) of the minimum visual distance (p1) appears to be closely projected, and as the left and right spacing becomes smaller, the visual perception training is possible as it is seen in proportion.

(X1, x2. X3, x4, x5) of the left and right frames (R.L.) for the stereoscopic image of the picture object (a) having the minimum visual distance (p1) (X5) of the left and right frames (R. L) of the maximum visible distance (p3) of each frame sequentially appearing to be equal to the maximum left and right eye distances (D) (A) interval of the left and right frame is enlarged to the size of the left and right eye interval (D) of the person in proportion to the sequentially appearing frame unit, so that the speed sense and the spatial perception And provides a virtual training screen so that it can learn spatial perception information when it is feeling and repeating.

    As shown in FIG. 6, when the distance between the picture object (a) of the nearest left and right image screen at the minimum viewing distance p1 is 60-70 mm, which is the distance between the left and right eyes of a person, (X1, x2, x3, x4, x5) of the picture object (a) at the maximum viewing distance (p3)

That is, when the left and right intervals (x1) of the left and right image frames of each frame are large, they are close to each other and the left and right intervals (x1, x2. X3, x4, x5)

However, when constructing the perspective as described above, when the viewing angle of a person is less than 40 degrees or more than 60 degrees, or when the left and right eye intervals (x1, x2, x3, x4, x5) It is too small or too much, and it is different from reality, which causes confusion in spatial perception and sensory virtual training.

     In the present invention, when setting the total virtual training interval, each value presented is different for each transportation means, but for convenience of explanation, the automobile will be mainly described as follows

   The total driving distance is 10km, the minimum speed (S1) of the passenger car is 4km per hour, the maximum speed (S2) is 160km when driving on the highway, and the average driving speed is 60km per hour

      The total number of frames corresponding to 10 km of driving practice converts the total practice distance of 10 km to the minimum speed (S1).

     The reason why the minimum speed (S1) is used is that as the driver accelerates from the minimum speed (s1) as the starting speed, the speed at which each frame appears sequentially becomes faster.

     Therefore, it takes 150 minutes (9,000 seconds) when converting the total virtual training interval (g) 10 km to the minimum speed (S1) 4 km.

     If we convert this to 24 frames per second, the total number of frames (t) required for the total virtual training interval (g) is 216,000 frames

If it is divided by left and right frame (LR) for stereoscopic purposes, it becomes twice as many as 432,000 frames, but left and right frames are simultaneously displayed on the screen as a frame, so that the screen frame number becomes 216,000 frames.

The total frame (t) for this virtual training section 8 is 4 km per hour, 24 frames per second when the driver is driving, 360 frames per second when driving at 60 km per hour, and 960 frames per second when driving at a maximum speed of 160 km The virtual trainer can feel the same speed as the actual driving speed.

     As described above, the spatial perception information that can be actually measured in the near range can be obtained by measuring the time deviation of the left and right images (L, R) viewed from the left and right eyes as shown in FIG. 4, The left and right spacing of the image (x1, x2, x3, x4, x5)

   In this case, the picture object (a) having a wide left and right spacing (x) is close to the picture object (a) having a narrow left and right spacing (x).

     (A) The closest distance to the nearest picture is the nearest picture. (A) The distance between the left and right picture objects is proportional to the human eye pitch. It will be expanded.

According to the above logic, the picture object (a) having the maximum visual distance (p3) according to the driver's speed of training is displayed gradually as the order of appearance of the frames increases gradually as the distance between the left and right images increases As the size and the spatial position increase, the object disappears when the minimum visible distance (p1) passes. At the same time, the objects of the maximum visible range are consecutively displayed in the order of reappearance.

For example, when a passenger car is simulated, the speed of 4km per hour is 1.11m per second, it takes about 500m ÷ 1.11m = about 450 seconds for the longest viewing distance of 500m, and the frame length is about 450 sec.

    Therefore, the left and right spacings (x1, x2, x3, x4, x5) of the left and right frames for each stereoscopic image are 65m / m for the first frame and 0 for the 10,800th frame

     The left and right intervals of the same picture object (a) in the 100th frame are 65m / m x (10800-100) / 10800

   The left and right spacing of the same picture object (a) in the 10,000th frame is 65m / m x (10800-100) / 10800.

      That is, the intervals of the left and right images in the order of appearance of the left and right frames are the total number of frames of the left and right eyes interval × (total number of frames of maximum visible distance - frame order) / maximum visible distance

     In other words, a picture object (a) having a wide left and right spacing appears close to each other, and a picture object (a) having a narrow left and right spacing is seen to be relatively distant.

     In addition, since the maximum distance between the left and right gaps (x) is defined as the distance between the eyes of the person (D) and the distance is set as the maximum viewing distance (p3) of the driver, the spatial perception information such as viewing the actual scene on the screen is provided.

Accordingly, the present invention is characterized in that the minimum distance (p1) and the maximum visual distance (p3) are the distance between the picture object (a) and the left and right images. Size information, and spatial perception information are provided on the screen just like the actual scene.

   When photographing a virtual training section with a camera as shown in FIGS. 7A, 7B and 7C, the focal length of the photographing lens is set to be 50 m / m, but 35 m / m -70 m / m.

  This is because the viewing angle of the camera lens, which is usually 35 m / m to 70 m / m, is equal to the viewing angle of 40 ° to 60 ° viewed by the human being.

    Like this, the drawings, pictures, photographed pictures and the like shown by the perspective view by the same viewing angle as the human eye are the same as the perspective of the human being on the screen.

    7 (a), 7 (b), and 7 (c), when the camera is actually photographed and used, the focal distance of the camera is set to a focal distance of 40 ° to 60 ° Use a shooting lens of 35m / m to 70m / m.

Also, the distance (D) between the left and right lens of the left and right cameras should be 60-70 mm, which is equal to the distance between the left and right eyes of a person.

The reason for this is that two photographing apparatuses or two photographing lenses use the left and right photographing lenses, and the intervals are arranged at the same intervals as the left and right eyes of a person. This is because the virtual training effect must feel the same sense of perspective, distance, stereoscopic effect, and volume as the person actually sees.

   However, when a plurality of cameras are used as shown in FIGS. 7A, 7B, and 7C, the external size of the camera is different from that of the camera, D).

    Therefore, in case of a thin film camera with a camera size of less than 65m / m as shown in (a) of 7, two silver cameras are used in parallel to each other so that the lens interval between the left and right eyes of the camera is D

    When the size of the camera exceeds the left and right eye distances D as shown in FIG. 7 (b), the reflectors are set at 90 degrees outside and 45 degrees outside the cabinet. You can configure it to look

As shown in FIG. 7 (C), in case of a camera having a large volume, one of the two cameras is horizontally arranged in a direction perpendicular to the other, and a reflection angle of 50% The distance between the left image camera which is provided with translucent light (hm) and the left and right cameras respectively and is transmitted through the translucent light (hm) (D).

   As described above, the left and right frames, which are shown by computer graphics or pictures or photographed by the camera at the same angles as the human viewing angle and at the same intervals as the human eye pitch, Is projected by the left and right projectors at the front end thereof, and in this case, the position of the trainee is located at the center of the curvature r formed by the rear screen (s).

That is, the screen of the screen at the same curvature radius position based on the position of the trainee is increased in immersion and realism compared to the screen of the planar structure.

  As shown in Fig. 9, the screen can be constituted by a rear type screen rs. Also in this case, it is good for the fact that the trainer is located at the center of the radius of curvature r formed by the curved surface of the rear type screen rs.

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The left and right eye frames constructed as described above are recorded with a digital image and then connected to a speed device. The left and right images of the stereoscopic frame unit stored as described above are projected on a large screen through a projector or displayed by a monitor device.

    The left and right spacing of the picture objects (a) in the left and right frames at the minimum viewing distance (p1) can be adjusted by the computer when projecting images onto the screen.

The aircraft travels at a low speed of less than 50km / h when taking off the runway, and then travels at an average speed of 1,000km / h after takeoff. Since the shortest viewing distance of an aircraft differs according to the model, it is calculated according to the type of aircraft. The maximum visual distance (p3) is the same as the above logic applied only when taking off and landing.

Since the ship normally travels at a speed of 10km-50km per hour and the minimum visibility distance (p1) of the ship is different for each ship, the maximum visibility distance (p3) is different when navigating or entering the port. The configuration logic is as described above.

   Trains such as trains and trains are accelerating at a minimum speed of about 4 km per hour, with an average speed of 100 to 300 km. The minimum visual distance (p1) varies from train to train, but the maximum visible distance (p3) is 200m for tunnels and 500-1,000m for ground. Virtual training Total distance traveled is 100 km.

Therefore, change the numerical value based on this and apply the basic logic as described above.

The above logic can also be applied to other transportation means such as a motorcycle, a hang glider, and a rocket.

In addition, according to the above embodiment, it is possible to apply the present invention to a specific course, for example, a virtual experience such as traveling in the Himalayas, traveling on a scenic spot,

Such a stereoscopic image projection method is provided with a semi-use screen or a transmissive screen which has a symmetrical polarization angle or a different polarization angle with respect to each of two projectors and is projected on a screen while the screen is provided with polarized reflection. Stereoscopic glasses having left and right polarized angles with symmetrical angles or different polarization angles can be used and stereoscopic glasses that sequentially open left and right can be used. May be used in a superimposed manner.

 Therefore, the present invention is based on the realization of virtual training of transportation means, realistic, realistic, spatial and especially spatial information in 3D on the screen based on computer graphics, animation, It is a method of constructing a 3D virtual training screen by perspectives which can do space sensory training.

p1, minimum visible distance (p1) p2. Maximum viewing distance (p3). (a) f, frame f1, initial frame t, s1, minimum speed s2, maximum speed, g, total virtual training interval, Total frame L, left eye frame, R, right eye frame

Claims (4)

A method for constructing a perspective 3D virtual training screen on a screen so as to match the virtual training environment of the vehicle with the facts
Setting a maximum visible distance capable of perceiving a stereoscopic effect;
Converting the time required for the transportation means to a minimum speed at which the maximum traveling distance travels;
Setting the total number of frames by converting the time required for the maximum visible distance to 24 frames per second or more;
The total frame is photographed or drawn by a perspective view, and the left and right viewing angles of the perspective are set to be equal to or greater than 40 degrees and less than 60 degrees, such as a human eye;
Separating the frame constituted by the perspective method into left and right eye frames for a stereoscopic screen;
The left and right gaps of the picture objects located at the minimum visible distance of the left and right eye frames are set to 60 mm or more and less than 70 mm,
The left and right intervals of the picture objects at the maximum viewing distance position of the left and right frames are set to be close to 0
Wherein the left and right frames of the frame are sequentially enlarged in order from the maximum viewing distance to the minimum viewing distance in order;
By including
Wherein the virtual reality screen of the screen provides the spatial perception information in the same manner as the fact that the virtual reality screen of the screen is viewed by the human eye according to the order and speed of the stereoscopic left and right frames.
The camera according to claim 1, wherein the camera lens has a focal length of 35 mm or more and less than 70 mm in the structure of a left and right eye camera for photographing left and right frames for stereoscopic purposes, , And the right space is composed of 60MM or more and less than 70MM, which is the distance between the left and right eyes of a person, so that the actual space as seen by human eyes can be perceived.
A frame for left and right use for stereoscopic purposes constituted by any one of claims 1 to 3 is connected to a known moving device of a transportation means including an accelerator and a brake, Wherein the moving speed of the appearing screen is adjusted to be equal to the moving speed of the actual transportation means.
A method of projecting a stereoscopic left and right eye frame constructed of any one of claims 1 or 2 onto a spherical or curved screen, wherein the virtual trainer is located on the central axis of the curvature of the screen, How to construct a characteristic perspective 3D virtual training screen

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