KR20120140497A - Apparatus and method for producing electricity of dme fpso - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for producing electricity of DME FPSO, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for producing electricity using methanol, a by-product generated in the DME production process.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for producing electricity required by a DME FPSO for preparing and storing natural gas mined with a DME manufacturing facility using a DME, and using electricity as a by-product generated from the DME manufacturing facility to generate electricity. It provides a DME FPSO electric production device including a fuel cell system to produce.

Description

Apparatus and Method for Producing Electricity of DME FPSO}

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for producing electricity of DME FPSO, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for producing electricity using methanol, a by-product generated in the DME production process.

Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) is a floating offshore structure that simultaneously produces, stores and unloads crude oil or natural gas. There is no limit on the operating depth, but it is economical in the deep sea and the maximum operating depth reaches 1,853m.

Liquefied natural gas (Liquefied Natural Gas, hereinafter referred to as "LNG") which is liquefied by storing natural gas in such FPSO and storing and unloading FPSO is an engine generating power as described in Korean Patent Publication No. 2010-98166. And a transfer apparatus for transferring the mined natural gas, a liquefaction apparatus for liquefying the natural gas transferred from the transfer apparatus, a flash tank for temporarily storing the liquefied natural gas in the liquefaction apparatus, and the flash tank LNG storage tank for storing the stabilized LNG of the LNG stored in the.

LNG stored in the LNG storage tank is carried out to the outside by a shuttle tanker (shuttle tanker). However, since LNG is transported in the liquid state at cryogenic temperatures of -162 ° C, thorough insulation is necessary to prevent LNG from liquefaction. Therefore, the tank made of a material that can withstand cryogenic temperatures has a limitation in the material of the tank and the accessory equipment.

On the other hand, DME (Di-Methyl ether) is a kind of ether in which two methyl groups are bonded to an oxygen atom, and because of its polarity, it is a stable compound that does not convert into a peroxide form even when exposed to air for a long time. to be. In addition, unlike diethyl ether, which is highly anesthetic, it is harmless to the human body and does not destroy the ozone layer even when released to the outside. In addition, DME is an ideal alternative fuel of LPG, and its fuel characteristics are similar to those of propane and butane, and it is easy to store and transport because it exists in a liquid state at -25 ° C or below 6 atm. Moreover, the high cetane number makes it possible to use it as a substitute fuel for diesel engines and produces less NO _x gas during combustion, making it an environmentally friendly fuel.

DME, which has such advantages, installs DME production facility in FPSO by reforming natural gas mainly composed of methane, and uses natural gas extracted from natural gas field using DME manufacturing facility. A DME FPSO has been developed that converts, stores and unloads DME.

However, DME FPSO will inevitably generate methanol as a by-product even if DME is produced directly.

Therefore, in order to store the methanol has to make a separate storage space in the DME FPSO and there is a problem that must be provided with a separate shuttle tank to export the methanol to the outside.

In addition, since the DME FPSO is equipped with a gas turbine or a steam turbine as an electric production device, similar to a general FPSO, there is a problem that the space utilization of the hull is inferior.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for producing electricity of DME FPSO, which is capable of producing electricity using methanol, a by-product generated during the production of DME in DME FPSO.

In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for producing electricity of DME FPSO, which is equipped with a fuel cell system to produce electricity, thereby preventing environmental pollution.

In addition, the present invention has a fuel cell system as described above to produce electricity, so the electricity production apparatus and method of the DME FPSO to produce electricity in a compact space compared to the gas turbine or steam turbine installed to produce conventional electricity The purpose is to provide.

In addition, since the present invention produces electricity by using a direct methanol fuel cell, there is no need for a separate reforming reactor, and thus, more compactly provided DME FPSO electric production apparatus and method for producing electricity in a narrow space is provided. There is a purpose.

In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide an electricity production apparatus and method of the DME FPSO to produce electricity using the synthesis gas generated after reforming methanol to produce a synthesis gas to produce high power electricity.

In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for producing electricity of DME FPSO, which can further prevent environmental pollution since carbon is not generated and water is generated in a process of producing electricity using a molten carbonate fuel cell. have.

In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for producing electricity of DME FPSO, which can improve efficiency because carbon dioxide generated by producing a fuel using a solid oxide fuel cell is used in a DME manufacturing facility.

In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide an electrical production apparatus and method of the DME FPSO is installed so that the electrical storage unit for storing the electricity produced in the fuel cell can be used by applying electricity when necessary.

In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for producing electricity of DME FPSO, which does not require a shuttle tanker to transport methanol by using DME, methanol, and condensate, which are the final products produced in DME FPSO, as a power source. .

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for producing electricity required by a DME FPSO for preparing and storing natural gas mined with a DME manufacturing facility using a DME. It provides a DME FPSO electric production device including a fuel cell system to produce.

In this case, the fuel cell system is preferably methanol directly methanol fuel cell (DMFC).

In addition, the fuel cell system preferably includes a reforming reactor for pyrolyzing methanol to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen as synthesis gas, and a fuel cell for producing electricity by electrochemically reacting the synthesis gas reformed in the reforming reactor.

The fuel cell is preferably a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) or a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC).

In addition, the fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), the solid oxide fuel cell is a carbon dioxide collector for capturing carbon dioxide generated in the process of electrochemically reacting the synthesis gas and the carbon dioxide collected from the carbon dioxide collector Preferably, the carbon dioxide storage tank is installed.

Here, the solid oxide fuel cell is preferably provided to improve the efficiency of manufacturing the DME by supplying the carbon dioxide collected in the carbon dioxide collector or stored in the carbon dioxide storage tank to the DME manufacturing equipment.

In addition, the fuel cell is preferably connected to the electrical storage unit for storing the electricity produced by the fuel cell.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing electricity required by a DME FPSO for preparing and storing natural gas mined with a DME manufacturing facility using DME. It is desirable to produce.

In addition, when producing electricity using the methanol, it is preferable to produce electricity by directly reacting methanol electrochemically.

In addition, when the electricity is produced using the methanol, the methanol is pyrolyzed to generate carbon monoxide, which is a synthesis gas, and hydrogen, and it is preferable to produce electricity by electrochemically reacting the syngas produced at all times.

As described above, the apparatus and method for producing electricity of DME FPSO according to the present invention may produce electricity using methanol, which is a by-product generated when manufacturing DME in DME FPSO.

In addition, the apparatus and method for producing electricity of DME FPSO according to the present invention may be equipped with a fuel cell system as an apparatus for producing electricity, thereby preventing environmental pollution.

In addition, the DME FPSO electric production apparatus and method according to the present invention is provided with a fuel cell system as described above to produce electricity in a compact space compared to a gas turbine or a steam turbine installed to produce conventional electricity. Can be.

In addition, the apparatus and method for producing electricity of DME FPSO according to the present invention is produced more directly using a methanol fuel cell, so that a separate reforming reactor is not required.

In addition, the apparatus and method for producing electricity of DME FPSO according to the present invention can produce electricity using the syngas produced after reforming methanol to produce syngas.

In addition, the apparatus and method for producing electricity of DME FPSO according to the present invention can further prevent environmental pollution since carbon dioxide is not generated in a process of producing electricity using a molten carbonate fuel cell.

In addition, the apparatus and method for producing electricity of the DME FPSO according to the present invention uses a solid oxide fuel cell to produce fuel, thereby using the generated carbon dioxide in a DME manufacturing facility, thereby improving efficiency.

In addition, the apparatus and method for producing electricity of DME FPSO according to the present invention can be used by applying electricity when necessary is installed an electrical storage unit for storing electricity produced in the fuel cell.

In addition, the apparatus and method for producing electricity of DME FPSO according to the present invention does not need to separately include a shuttle tanker for transporting methanol by using DME, methanol, and condensate, which are the final products produced in DME FPSO, as a power source.

1 is a schematic diagram showing a DME FPSO in which an electricity production apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention is installed.
2 is a schematic view showing a DME FPSO in which an electricity production apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention is installed.
3 is a schematic view showing a DME FPSO in which an electricity production apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention is installed.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of an apparatus and method for producing electricity of DME FPSO according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[First Embodiment]

As shown in FIG. 1, the apparatus for producing electricity of the DME FPSO according to the first embodiment of the present invention manufactures the mined natural gas with DME to produce the by-product generated from the DME manufacturing facility 40 and the DME manufacturing facility 40. And a fuel cell system 10 that generates electricity using phosphorus methanol.

Here, the DME FPSO 101 is a DME manufacturing facility 40 for producing DME using natural gas mined from a natural gas field, and a fuel cell system for producing electricity using methanol as a by-product generated during the production of the DME ( 10) and the DME storage tank 46 for storing the DME manufactured by the DME manufacturing facility 40 is preferred.

The DME manufacturing facility 40 includes a reformer 42 for producing syngas from methane, and a DME reactor 44 for generating DME from the reformed gas from the reformer 42.

Here, the reformer 42 is composed of a pre-reformer 42a and a reformer 42b. In the pre-reformer 42a, C ₂ and C ₃ occupy 8-10% of the natural gas. In order to convert the components into C ₁ and hydrogen, natural gas and water vapor are reacted and pre-reformed, and then introduced into the reforemr 42b through heat exchange, and the reformer 42b is introduced into the upper layer after the heat exchanged with oxygen and carbon dioxide. And react to produce syngas, carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The catalyst of the reformer 42 is preferably nickel metal, and can also use a Group 8 transition metal supported catalyst such as platinum.

In addition, the DME reactor 44 is a reactor for synthesizing DME using carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which are synthesis gases generated by the reformer 42. In the DME reactor 44, methanol synthesis reaction, methanol dehydration reaction, water gas shift reaction, and DME direct generation reaction proceed.

In the methanol synthesis reaction, methanol is synthesized by reacting carbon monoxide with hydrogen as methanol is generated from the synthesis gas, and the reaction formula is as follows.

2CO + 4H ₂ → 2CH ₃ OH + H ₂ O

In addition, the methanol dehydration reaction is to remove the water from the methanol to limit the degree of the methanol synthesis reaction, the reaction scheme is as follows.

2CH ₃ OH → H ₂ O + CH ₃ OCH ₃

In addition, the water gas conversion reaction is the water discharged from the dehydration reaction with carbon monoxide to produce and supply hydrogen, the reaction formula is as follows.

CO + H ₂ O → CO ₂ + H ₂

In addition, the DME direct generation reaction is a reaction in which the DME is directly generated from the synthesis gas, and the reaction formula is shown in the following two equations.

2CO + 4H ₂ → CH ₃ OCH ₃ + H ₂ O

3CO + 3H ₂ → CH ₃ OCH ₃ + CO ₂

Methanol synthesis reaction, methanol dehydration reaction, water gas shift reaction, and DME direct generation reaction proceed simultaneously at the same time, and the amount of DME and methanol generated according to temperature, pressure or catalyst. This is different.

The fuel cell system 10 is a system for producing electricity using methanol, a by-product generated from the DME manufacturing facility, and a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), which directly generates electricity from methanol. It is preferable that it consists of 12).

The DMFC 12 supplies methanol to the anode and supplies oxygen to the cathode to generate electrons by the reaction of the anode, and the electrons move to the cathode along the movement path to cause a reaction. At this time, if a load is applied to the movement path, electricity is generated.

Here, the anode is a reaction in which methanol and water react to form carbon dioxide, hydrogen ions and electrons.

_{CH 3 OH + H 2 O →} CO 2 + 6H + + 6e -

In addition, the cathode is a reaction in which water is generated by reacting oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electrons supplied from the anode.

^{_{2 / 3O 2 + 6H + +}} 6e - → 3H 2 O

The water produced at the cathode does not need to be supplied separately as it reacts again at the anode.

The DMFC 12 is a fuel cell that uses methanol directly as a fuel, and thus does not need a separate facility for producing hydrogen, and thus may be compactly implemented in the FPSO.

The DMFC 12 is preferably provided with an electrical storage unit 14 to apply and use the produced electricity when needed.

[Second Embodiment]

As shown in FIG. 2, the apparatus for producing electricity of DME FPSO according to the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention uses the DME manufacturing facility to produce mined natural gas using DME, and uses methanol as a by-product generated from the DME manufacturing facility. It includes a fuel cell system that produces.

Here, the DME FPSO 102 is a DME manufacturing facility 40 for producing DME using natural gas mined from a natural gas field, and a fuel cell system for producing electricity using methanol, which is a by-product generated in manufacturing the DME ( 20) and the DME storage tank 46 for storing the DME manufactured by the DME manufacturing facility 40 is preferred.

The DME manufacturing facility 40 includes a reformer 42 for producing syngas from methane, and a DME reactor 44 for generating DME from the reformed gas from the reformer 42.

The reforming unit 42 and a Pre-reformer (42a) and made of a reformer (42b), in the _{Pre-reformer (42a) C 2} , C 3 components, which account for about 8-10% of the natural gas C ₁ Pre-reforming by reacting natural gas and water vapor to convert to hydrogen, and then introduced into the Reforemr (42b) through heat exchange, and in the reformer (42b) oxygen and carbon dioxide is heat-exchanged and then introduced into the upper layer to react and synthesize The gases carbon monoxide and hydrogen are produced. The catalyst of the reformer 42 is preferably nickel metal, and can also use a Group 8 transition metal supported catalyst such as platinum.

In addition, the DME reactor 44 is a reactor for synthesizing DME using carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which are synthesis gases generated by the reformer 42. In the DME reactor 44, methanol synthesis reaction, methanol dehydration reaction, water gas shift reaction, and DME direct generation reaction proceed.

The fuel cell system 20 is a molten carbonate fuel that generates electricity by thermally decomposing methanol to produce a reformed reactor 26 that generates carbon monoxide and hydrogen as a synthesis gas, and a syngas reformed in the reforming reactor by electrochemical reaction. A battery (Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell, hereinafter referred to as "MCFC", 22).

The reforming reactor 26 reforms methanol to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which are syngases, and the reaction scheme is as follows.

CH ₃ OH → CO + 2H ₂

The rear end of the reforming reactor 26 is preferably provided with a separator 28 for separating the impurities generated in the reforming reactor 26.

The MCFC 22 is a process for producing electricity by electrochemically reacting carbon monoxide and hydrogen generated in the reforming reactor 26, the reaction formula of each pole is as follows.

^{_{Anode: H 2 + CO 3 -2 →}} H 2 O + CO 2 + 2e -

^{_{CO + 3CO 3 -2 → 2CO 2}} + 2e -

CO + H ₂ O → H ₂ + CO ₂

_{Cathode: 0.5O 2 + CO 2 + 2e} - → CO 3 -2

Reaction of the fuel cell as a whole: H ₂ + 0.5O ₂ + CO ₂ → H ₂ O + CO ₂

Here, carbon monoxide supplied to MCFC 22 together with hydrogen is used in a reaction for producing hydrogen by reacting with water at an anode. In addition, the carbon dioxide generated with water is sent to the cathode (cathod) is sent to the cathode is used in the reaction to produce carbon trioxide (CO3-2) in the cathode. That is, the MCFC 22 is circulated inside the MCFC 22 instead of being discharged to the outside in the process of producing electricity can prevent the environmental pollution by the carbon dioxide.

The MCFC 22 is preferably provided with an electrical storage unit 24 to apply and use the produced electricity when needed.

[Third Embodiment]

As shown in FIG. 3, the apparatus for producing electricity of DME FPSO according to the third exemplary embodiment of the present invention uses the DME manufacturing facility to manufacture mined natural gas with DME, and uses methanol as a by-product generated from the DME manufacturing facility. It includes a fuel cell system that produces.

Here, the DME FPSO 103 is a DME manufacturing facility 40 for producing DME using natural gas mined from a natural gas field, and a fuel cell system for producing electricity using methanol as a by-product generated during the production of the DME ( 30) and the DME storage tank 46 for storing the DME manufactured by the DME manufacturing facility 40 is preferred.

The DME manufacturing facility 40 includes a reformer 42 for producing syngas from methane, and a DME reactor 44 for generating DME from the reformed gas from the reformer 42.

The reforming unit 42 and a Pre-reformer (42a) and made of a reformer (42b), in the _{Pre-reformer (42a) C 2} , C 3 components, which account for about 8-10% of the natural gas C ₁ Pre-reforming by reacting natural gas and water vapor to convert to hydrogen, and then introduced into the Reforemr (42b) through heat exchange, and in the reformer (42b) oxygen and carbon dioxide is heat-exchanged and then introduced into the upper layer to react and synthesize The gases carbon monoxide and hydrogen are produced. The catalyst of the reformer 42 is preferably nickel metal, and can also use a Group 8 transition metal supported catalyst such as platinum.

In addition, the DME reactor 44 is a reactor for synthesizing DME using carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which are synthesis gases generated by the reformer 42. In the DME reactor 44, methanol synthesis reaction, methanol dehydration reaction, water gas shift reaction, and DME direct generation reaction proceed.

The fuel cell system 30 generates a solid by producing pyrolysis of methanol to generate electricity by electrochemically reacting the reformed reactor 36 to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which are synthesis gases, and the syngas reformed in the reformed reactor 36. An oxide fuel cell (hereinafter referred to as "SOFC") 32 is included.

The reforming reactor 36 reforms methanol to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which are synthesis gases, and the reaction formula is as follows.

CH ₃ OH → CO + 2H ₂

The rear end of the reforming reactor (36) is preferably provided with a separator (38) for separating the impurities generated in the reforming reactor (36).

The SOFC 32 is a process of electrochemically reacting carbon monoxide produced in the reforming reactor 36 with hydrogen to generate electricity.

^{_{Anode: H 2 + O -2 → H}} 2 O + 2e -

_{^{CO + O -2 → CO 2 +}} 2e -

CO + H ₂ O → H ₂ + O ^-2

^{_{Cathode: 0.5O 2 + 2e - → O}} -2

Reaction of entire fuel cell: H ₂ + 0.5O ₂ → H ₂ O

Here, carbon monoxide supplied to the SOFC 32 together with hydrogen is used in the reaction for producing hydrogen by reacting with water at the anode. At this time, carbon dioxide is generated together with water at the anode.

Therefore, a carbon dioxide collector 50 for collecting carbon dioxide to process the carbon dioxide, and a storage tank 52 for storing the carbon dioxide collected by the carbon dioxide collector 50 are installed.

In addition, if necessary, the carbon dioxide collected in the carbon dioxide collector 50 can be sent to the DME manufacturing facility 40 to be used in the manufacture of DME.

The MCFC is preferably provided with an electrical storage 34 so that the generated electricity can be applied and used when necessary.

10, 20, 30: fuel cell system 12: DMFC
14, 24, 34: electrical storage 22: MCFC
26, 36: reforming reactor 28, 38: separator
32: SOFC 40: DME manufacturing equipment
42: reforming device 42a: pre-reformer
42b: reformer 44: DME reactor
46: DME storage tank 50: carbon dioxide collector
52: carbon dioxide storage tank
101, 102, 103: FPSO

Claims (10)

As a device for producing electricity required by DME FPSO, which manufactures and stores natural gas mined with DME manufacturing facilities with DME,
And a fuel cell system for producing electricity using methanol as a by-product generated from the DME manufacturing facility.
The method according to claim 1,
The fuel cell system is a DME FPSO electricity production apparatus, characterized in that the methanol direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC).
The method according to claim 1,
The fuel cell system includes a reforming reactor for pyrolyzing methanol to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen as synthesis gases;
The apparatus for producing electricity of DME FPSO, characterized in that it comprises a fuel cell for producing electricity by electrochemically reacting the synthesis gas reformed in the reforming reactor.
The method according to claim 3,
The fuel cell is a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) or solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) characterized in that the electricity production apparatus of the DME FPSO.
The method of claim 4,
The fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC),
The solid oxide fuel cell of the DME FPSO characterized in that the carbon dioxide collector for capturing carbon dioxide generated in the process of reacting the synthesis gas and the carbon dioxide storage tank for storing the carbon dioxide collected from the carbon dioxide collector is further installed. Electricity production device.
The method according to claim 5,
The apparatus for producing electricity of DME FPSO, characterized in that the carbon dioxide collected in the carbon dioxide collector or stored in the carbon dioxide storage tank is supplied to the DME manufacturing facility to improve the efficiency in the production of DME.
The method according to claim 1,
The fuel cell is an electrical production apparatus of the DME FPSO, characterized in that the electrical storage unit for storing the electricity produced by the fuel cell is installed.
As a method of producing electricity required by DME FPSO, which manufactures and stores natural gas mined with DME manufacturing facilities with DME,
Method for producing electricity of DME FPSO, characterized in that for producing electricity by using methanol as a by-product generated in the DME manufacturing facility.
The method according to claim 8,
Method for producing electricity of DME FPSO, characterized in that when producing electricity using the methanol to produce electricity by directly reacting methanol electrochemically.
The method according to claim 8,
When the electricity is produced using the methanol, the methanol is pyrolyzed to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which are syngas, and the syngas produced is electrochemically reacted to produce electricity.

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