KR200498397Y1 - Golf shoes having multi-surface traction outsoles - Google Patents

Abstract

A golf shoe having an improved sole configuration is provided. The golf shoe includes an upper, a midsole, and a sole section. The sole includes a first set of arcuate paths extending along the sole in one direction. A second set of arcuate paths extend along the sole in a second direction. When the first and second arcuate paths overlap each other, a four-sided tile segment is formed, the tiles including protruding traction members. In one embodiment, the tiles include a first protruding traction member, an opposing second protruding traction member, and a non-protruding segment disposed between the first traction member and the second traction member. Different traction zones including different traction members are provided in the sole. The zones provide improved multi-surface traction. In one embodiment of the sole, there is no channeling and no denting of golf course turf. For a given amount of traction, there is less damage to the golf course. In one embodiment, the tile segments, the first and second protruding traction members, and the non-protruding segments comprise the same material and form a single segment. Preferably, the single piece is made of a rubber material. In another embodiment, a heel step area without traction members may be provided on the sole. Additionally, spike receptacles and spikes may be provided on the sole in addition to the traction members. The sole may also have a zone having a desired hardness.

Description

GOLF SHOES HAVING MULTI-SURFACE TRACTION OUTSOLES

Cross-reference to related applications

This application is a continuation-in-part of commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 29/662,673, filed Sep. 7, 2018, now granted U.S. Patent No. 894,563, a continuation-in-part of co-pending, commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/226,861, filed Dec. 20, 2018, now granted U.S. Patent No. 11,019,874, a continuation-in-part of co-pending, commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/745,525, filed Jan. 17, 2020, a continuation-in-part of co-pending, commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/814,685, filed Mar. 10, 2020, a continuation-in-part of co-pending, commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/814,685, filed Sep. 17, 2020. This is a partial continuation of application No. 17/024,250, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Background of the design

The present invention relates generally to footwear, and more particularly to a golf shoe having an improved outsole. The outsole has different regions or zones of traction members that provide traction for on-course and off-course activities. The traction members are arranged in a non-channeled pattern on the outsole. The traction members and their unique pattern of the outsole help provide a shoe having high traction and low turf-trenching characteristics. The outsole also minimizes damage to a putting green for a given amount of traction.

Today, both professional and amateur golfers use specially designed golf shoes. Typically, a golf shoe includes an upper portion and a sole portion, along with a midsole, which connects the upper to the sole. The upper has a traditional shape for inserting the user's foot, thus covering and protecting the foot within the shoe. The upper is designed to provide a comfortable fit around the contours of the foot. The midsole is relatively lightweight and provides cushioning to the shoe. The sole is designed to provide stability and traction for the golfer. The bottom surface of the sole may include spikes or cleats designed to engage the ground by contacting and penetrating the ground. These elements help provide the golfer with better foot traction when walking or playing the course.

Often, the terms "spike" and "cleat" are used interchangeably in the golf industry. Some golfers prefer the term "spike" because cleats are more commonly associated with other sports, such as baseball, football, and soccer. Other golfers prefer the term "cleat" because spikes are more commonly associated with non-turf sports, such as track and field or cycling. In the following discussion, the term "spike" will be used for convenience. Golf shoe spikes can be made of metal or plastic materials. However, one problem with metal spikes is that metal spikes are typically elongated pieces with a sharp point extending downward that can penetrate the surface of a putting green, thereby leaving a hole and causing other damage. These metal spikes can also cause damage to other surfaces on the golf course, such as carpets and floors in a clubhouse. Most golf courses now require golfers to use non-metal spikes. Plastic spikes typically have a rounded base with a central stud on one side. On the other side of the round base are radial arms having traction projections for engaging the ground. As further described below, the threads are spaced around the studs on the spikes to be inserted into threaded receptacles on the sole of the shoe. These plastic spikes, which are easily engaged and subsequently removable from the locking receptacles on the sole, tend to be less damaging to green and clubhouse floor surfaces.

When spikes are present on the golf shoe, the spikes are preferably removably fastened to receptacles (socket) in the sole. The receptacles may be located within molded pods attached to the sole. The molded pods help provide additional stability and balance to the shoe. The spikes may be easily inserted and removed from the receptacles. Typically, the spikes may be secured within the receptacles by inserting them and then twisting them slightly clockwise. The spikes may be removed from the receptacles by twisting them slightly counterclockwise.

In recent years, "spikeless" or "cleatless" shoes have become more popular. These shoes have a rubber or plastic traction member, but do not have spikes or cleats. The traction member protrudes from the bottom surface of the sole and contacts the ground. The shoes are designed for use on and off the golf course. That is, the shoes provide good stability and traction for golfers playing on the course, including tees, fairways, and greens. Furthermore, the shoes are lightweight and comfortable and can be used off the golf course. The shoes can be comfortably worn in the clubhouse, office, or other off-course locations.

When a golfer swings a club and shifts his/her weight, the feet absorb tremendous forces. For example, when a right-handed golfer first positions his/her feet (i.e., assumes a stance to strike the ball) before starting any club swing motion, their weight is evenly distributed between their front and back feet. As the golfer begins the backswing, the weight shifts primarily to the back foot. At the beginning of the downswing, significant pressure is applied to the back foot. Therefore, the back foot can be referred to as the drive foot and the front foot can be referred to as the stationary foot. As the golfer follows through the swing and drives the ball, their weight is transferred from the drive foot to the front foot (stationary foot). During the swing motion, there is some pivoting of the back and front feet, but this pivoting motion must be controlled. It is important that the feet do not substantially move or slip when making the shot. Good foot traction is important during the golf shot cycle. Therefore, traditional golf shoes have traction elements and spikes located at different locations across the sole.

For example, U.S. Patent No. 8,677,657 to Bacon et al. discloses a golf shoe sole having rigid thermoplastic polyurethane pods molded from relatively soft and flexible thermoplastic polyurethane in the front section and relatively hard TPU in the heel section. Each pod includes a cleat receptacle for inserting and removing a cleat. U.S. Patent No. 7,895,773 to Robinson, Jr. et al. discloses a golf shoe having a collapsible, supportive gel pad contained within a recess in the sole proximal to the metatarsal bone. The shoe includes relatively soft plastic spikes that can be replaced and relatively hard rubber cleats that cannot be replaced. After a given period of time (e.g., three months) and after the replacement spikes have worn out, the golfer can replace the spikes to restore traction. If desired, the golfer can also select the height of the replacement spikes to match the height of the non-replaceable cleats that may have worn out.

In another example, the sole may include traction members, spikes and/or cleats arranged in a linear pattern having transverse and longitudinal rows extending across the sole. For example, U.S. Patent No. 4,782,604 to Wen-Shown discloses a golf shoe sole having a plurality of removable metal spikes (nails) arranged in a linear pattern and a plurality of soft cleats. The metal cleats are positioned on the ball portion and the heel portion of the sole. The soft cleats are positioned around the sole for positioning, load bearing and providing resilience.

U.S. Patent No. 9,332,803 to Kasprzak discloses a golf shoe sole having cleats distributed along a forefoot and heel area. The cleats are arranged in transverse rows along the longitudinal length of the sole. The cleats are essentially cruciform. The forefoot includes a ball area and a toe area. The ball area and the heel area have cleats having greater height and width than other areas of the sole. The cleats along the ball area and the heel area are substantially equal in height.

In another version, the traction elements are arranged in a circular pattern, wherein each traction element positioned within the ring has substantially the same radius and center as the other traction elements within the ring. For example, U.S. Patent No. 8,011,118 to Gerber discloses a shoe having a sole having a circular tread pattern. The circular tread pattern includes a first circular tread having a first radius, the first circular tread extending circumferentially less than 360 degrees about a center of the circular tread pattern. The circular tread pattern also includes a second circular tread having a second radius greater than the first radius; wherein the second circular tread also extends circumferentially less than 360 degrees about the center of the circular tread. According to the '118 patent, the circular tread pattern not only provides sufficient traction in all directions, but also allows the wearer to pivot about the pivot portion.

However, one disadvantage of some conventional golf shoes is that they can damage golf course turf. For example, lack of traction, spikes and cleats can drag along the surface, damaging grass blades and roots. This damage can be referred to as the trenching effect. This tearing of grass and roots creates an unevenness on putting greens and other course surfaces. There are relatively raised and lowered surfaces, which causes discoloration and browning of the grass. The penetration of the ground and trenching of the grass by the sole of the shoe causes problems for the golfer at all phases of the game. For example, trenching of the grass can affect the golfer as he/she drives the ball from the tee, when making a shot from the fairway, when putting on the green, and even when walking on the course. Even if the golfer is careful, they can cause damage to the green while walking and putting. This is especially problematic when the putting green is wet. The digging-up and clogging of the grass and soil can slow the overall flexibility and pivoting motion of the shoe. Additionally, digging-up and clogging of the grass in the sole can make the golfer feel awkward and uncomfortable when walking on the course or swinging the club to make a shot. When the traction member and the cleats are arranged in a linear configuration across the sole, this grass digging effect occurs in both the 90 degree and 0 degree directions, as will be described in more detail below. On the other hand, when the cleats are arranged in an overlapping circular pattern (a dual radial configuration), there tends to be little grass digging in the 90 degree direction, but more grass digging in the 0 degree direction. In another embodiment, when the cleats are arranged in a concentric circular pattern, digging can be present in various directions, including the rotational direction, as will be described in more detail below.

Accordingly, there is a need for a golf shoe having an improved sole which can provide a high level of stability and traction. The shoe should grip and support the medial and lateral sides of the golfer's foot as they shift their weight during a golf shot. The shoe should provide good traction, thus preventing slippage and allowing the golfer to maintain balance. At the same time, the sole of the shoe should have minimal turfgrass characteristics. A golfer wearing the shoe should be able to comfortably walk and play the course while causing minimal damage to the course grass. The present invention provides a novel golf shoe configuration which provides the golfer with improved traction as well as other advantageous characteristics, features and advantages, including minimal turfgrass characteristics.

The present invention provides a golf shoe having a sole comprising different zones of tile. Each zone comprises a different traction member for gripping both a golf course surface and an off-golf course surface. The traction members are arranged in a non-channeled pattern on the sole. The traction members and their unique pattern in the sole help to provide a shoe having high traction and minimal turfgrass characteristics. The sole also minimizes damage to other surfaces, such as putting greens and clubhouse floors. The shoe provides less damage to a golf course for a given amount of traction.

The shoe comprises an upper portion and a sole portion, together with a midsole connecting the upper to the sole. Looking at the bottom surface of the sole, it comprises a set of intersecting helical paths. For example, one set of helical paths may be referred to as set (A); and another set may be referred to as set (B). Each helical path in set (A) has a common origin and comprises a plurality of helical segments radiating from the origin. Each helical segment in set (A) has a different degree of curvature. Similarly to set (A) of helical paths, each helical path in set (B) has a common origin and comprises a plurality of helical segments radiating from the origin. Each helical segment in set (B) also has a different degree of curvature. The first set of helical paths (A) are logarithmic or normal, and the second set of helical paths (B) are the inverse of the first set (A). Thus, the sets (A and B) of helical paths can overlap each other. When the helical paths within sets (A and B) overlap each other, the curved sub-segments of the helical segments from set (A) and the curved sub-segments of the helical segments from set (B) are joined together to produce four-sided tile fragments. The intersections between the sets (A and B) of the overlapping helical paths form corners of these tile fragments. In the insole of the present invention, these tile fragments include protruding traction members.

For example, considering the sole of a right shoe, the forefoot region of the sole includes a first (lateral) section of tiles including protruding traction members extending along the periphery of the forefoot region. These traction members in the lateral section are primarily used for golf-specific traction, i.e., these traction members help control forefoot lateral traction and prevent the foot from slipping during a golf shot. A third (medial) section of the tiles includes protruding traction members extending along the opposite periphery of the forefoot region. These traction members in the medial section provide a high contact surface area to prevent slipping on hard, wet, and smooth surfaces. All of the traction members provide maximum contact with the ground for a given amount of traction member material (e.g., rubber) in that particular section. A second (intermediate) section of the tiles including protruding traction members is disposed between the first and third sections. These traction members in the intermediate section are relatively softer and more flexible than the traction members in the adjacent lateral and medial sections. These traction members provide comfort and tend to distribute pressure from the middle (second) zone towards the periphery of the sole, i.e., the lateral (first) and medial (third) zones. Thus, the middle zone acts as a comfort zone that relieves pressure exerted at the center of the sole and pushes it towards the lateral and medial sides of the sole. The pattern of the traction members in the lateral and medial zones provides improved traction on both hard and soft surfaces as further described hereinbelow. In one preferred embodiment, the traction members are manufactured from a rubber material and the traction members in all zones provide maximum grip per volume of rubber material used. The midfoot and rearfoot regions of the sole include similar zones and traction members as further described hereinbelow.

There may also be an elliptical pattern (OV1) having a center point superimposed on the spiral path, wherein the center point of the elliptical pattern (OV1) and the origin of the first set of spiral paths (A) are the same fixed point; wherein each first segment of the spiral path has a proximal end and a distal end, and the elliptical pattern intersects the distal end of the first segment. There may also be an elliptical pattern (OV2) having a center point superimposed on the spiral path, wherein the center point of the elliptical pattern (OV2) and the origin of the second set of spiral paths (B) are the same fixed point; wherein each second segment of the spiral path has a proximal end and a distal end, and the elliptical pattern intersects the distal end of the second segment.

In one embodiment, the tile segments include a traction member, and the plurality of tile segments include a first protruding traction member, an opposing second protruding traction member, and a non-protruding segment disposed between the first traction member and the second traction member. The first traction member has a hardness greater than the second traction member. Preferably, the first and second traction members each comprise a thermoplastic polyurethane composition. In one embodiment, the first and second traction members have different hardness values. In another embodiment, the first and second traction members have substantially the same hardness. Additionally, the first and second traction members can have different or substantially the same height. The non-protruding segment (window) disposed between the first traction member and the second traction member preferably comprises an ethylene vinyl acetate composition.

In the forefoot region, the sole may include a first region of tiles including a protruding traction member extending along a forward portion of the forefoot region; a second region of tiles including a protruding traction member extending along a periphery of the forefoot region; and a third region of tiles including a protruding traction member extending along an opposite periphery of the forefoot region, the second and third regions being adjacent to the first region and the traction members of the first, second and third regions having different dimensions. The sole may also include a region of tiles including a protruding traction member extending along a midfoot region. Additionally, in the rearfoot region, the sole may include a first region of tiles including a protruding traction member extending along a rearward portion of the rearfoot region; a second region of tiles including a protruding traction member extending along a periphery of the rearfoot region; and a third zone of the tile including a protruding traction member extending along the opposite periphery of the hindfoot region, the second and third zones being adjacent to the first zone, and the traction members of the first, second and third zones having different dimensions.

The traction members within the zone can have different structures, geometries and dimensions. In one embodiment, the traction members have a triangular non-concave upper surface forming a contact surface, the total contact surface area being in the range of about 10 to about 70 percent of the total surface area of the tile.

The sole may have longitudinal grooves and may have different zones of traction members. For example, the four different zones comprising different materials have different hardnesses. Preferably, the medial forefoot region zone has a hardness similar to the lateral rearfoot region zone, and the lateral forefoot region zone has a hardness similar to the medial rearfoot region zone.

The distinctive and novel features of the present invention are set forth in the appended claims. However, the preferred embodiments of the invention, together with other objects and attendant advantages, are best understood by reference to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a golf shoe of the present invention, illustrating the sole in detail.
FIG. 1a is an inner side view of one embodiment of a golf shoe of the present invention illustrating the upper in detail.
FIG. 2A is a top plan view of a first set of logarithmic spiral paths (A) for one embodiment of a golf shoe of the present invention.
Figure 2b is a top plan view of a second set of logarithmic (inverse) helical paths (B), which are the inverse of the first set of logarithmic (regular) helical paths (A) illustrated in Figure 2a.
Figure 2c is a top plan view of a second set of logarithmic (inverse) helical paths (B) illustrated in Figure 2b superimposed over a first set of logarithmic (regular) helical paths (A) illustrated in Figure 2a.
FIG. 3a is a top plan view of the first set of logarithmic (regular) spiral paths (A) illustrated in FIG. 2a with the elliptical patterns (OV1) and (OV2) overlying the spiral paths, it being understood that these elliptical patterns are for illustration only and do not appear as visible marks or indicia on the sole of the shoe.
FIG. 3b is a top plan view of a first set of overlapping logarithmic (regular) spiral paths (A) and a second set of logarithmic (inverse) spiral paths (B) as illustrated in FIG. 2c, wherein the overlapping spiral paths have an elliptical pattern (OV1) and an elliptical pattern (OV2), it being understood that these elliptical patterns are for illustration only and do not appear as visible marks or indicia on the sole of the shoe.
FIG. 4a is a top plan view of an example of a first set of logarithmic helical paths (A) including helical paths having different helical path segments, wherein the length of the helical segments increases by a growth factor.
Figure 4b is Table 1 showing the lengths of the spiral path segments as illustrated in Figure 4a and their respective growth factors.
FIG. 4c is Table 2, which shows the lengths of the spiral path segments and their respective growth factors as geometric equations, as shown in FIG. 4a.
FIG. 5a is a top plan view of a second example of a first set of logarithmic spiral paths (A) illustrating spiral paths comprising different spiral path segments, wherein the length of the spiral segments increases by a growth factor.
Figure 5b is Table 3 showing the lengths of the spiral path segments as shown in Figure 5a and their respective growth factors.
Figure 5c is Table 4, which shows the lengths of the spiral path segments and their respective growth factors as geometric equations, as shown in Figure 5a.
FIG. 6a is a bottom plan view of an example of a sole of the present invention showing the origin of the spiral path in the arch region of the sole.
FIG. 6b is a bottom plan view of an example of a sole of the present invention showing the origin of the spiral path in the central midfoot region of the sole.
FIG. 6c is a bottom plan view of an example of a sole of the present invention showing the origin of the spiral path outside the outer midfoot region of the sole.
FIG. 6d is a bottom plan view of an example of a sole of the present invention showing the origin of the spiral path in the central midfoot region of the sole, where the spiral path is on a smaller scale than the spiral paths shown in FIGS. 6a to 6c.
Figure 7 is an enlarged view of the sole shown in Figure 6a, where the focus of the spiral path is on the inner surface of the sole and in the arch region.
FIG. 8 is a bottom plan view of an example of a sole of the present invention showing tiles including different traction elements, wherein the tiles are arranged in different zones of the sole.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an example of a traction member shown in the bottom of FIG. 8.
FIG. 9a is a cross-sectional view of the traction member of FIG. 9 along line A-A'.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a second example of a traction member shown in the bottom of FIG. 8.
Fig. 10a is a cross-sectional view of the traction member of Fig. 10 along line A-A'.
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a third example of a traction member shown in the bottom of FIG. 8.
Fig. 11a is a cross-sectional view of the traction member of Fig. 11 along line A-A'.
FIG. 12 is a bottom plan view of a prior art sole, wherein the traction members are arranged in a linear configuration with channels, and the bottom plan view illustrates that the grass ripple effect occurs in the 90 degree and 0 degree directions.
FIG. 13 is a bottom plan view of a prior art sole, wherein the traction members are arranged in a dual radial configuration with channels, and the bottom plan view illustrates that the grass ripple effect occurs in the 90 degree and 0 degree directions.
FIG. 14 is a bottom plan view of a prior art sole, wherein the traction members are arranged in a circular configuration with channels; and the bottom plan view illustrates that the grass ripple effect occurs in various directions including the direction of rotation.
FIG. 15 is a bottom plan view of a prior art sole, wherein the traction members are arranged in a single logarithmic spiral configuration with channels; and the bottom plan view illustrates that the grass ripple effect occurs in the 90 degree and 0 degree directions.
FIG. 16 is a bottom plan view of an example of a sole of the present invention, wherein the traction members are arranged in different arc paths without channeling and the grass spur effect is not present.
FIG. 17a is a bottom plan view of a second example of a sole of the present invention, which includes a different type of traction member than that found in the sole of FIG. 16, but the members are arranged in a similar configuration without channeling and without the grass spur effect.
FIG. 17b is a bottom plan view of a third example of a sole of the present invention, which includes a different type of traction member than that found in the soles of FIGS. 16 and 17a, but the members are arranged in a similar configuration without channeling and without a grass spur effect.
Fig. 18 is a bottom perspective view of another example of a golf shoe of the present invention, illustrating the sole in detail.
FIG. 18a is a bottom plan view of a golf shoe illustrated in FIG. 18 showing a tiled sole having tile segments including different traction elements, wherein the tiles are arranged in different zones.
FIG. 19 is an enlarged view of a portion of the sole illustrated in FIG. 18, as indicated by the dashed circle in FIG. 19.
FIG. 20 is an enlarged view of a portion of the sole illustrated in FIG. 18, as indicated by the dashed circle in FIG. 18.
FIG. 21 is an enlarged view of a portion of the sole illustrated in FIG. 18, as indicated by the dashed circle in FIG. 18.
FIG. 22 is an enlarged view of a portion of the sole illustrated in FIG. 18, as indicated by the dashed circle in FIG. 18.
FIG. 23 is an enlarged view of a portion of the sole shown in FIG. 18, as indicated by the dashed circle in FIG. 18.
FIG. 24 is a bottom plan view of an example of a sole of the present invention showing traction members extending along the forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot regions.
Fig. 25 is a cross-sectional view of the sole of Fig. 24 along line A-A'.
Fig. 26 is a cross-sectional view of the sole of Fig. 24 along line B-B'.
Fig. 27 is a cross-sectional view of the sole of Fig. 24 along line C-C'.
FIG. 28 is an exploded view of an example of the midsole and the outsole of a golf shoe of the present invention, illustrating different components of the midsole and the outsole.
FIG. 29 is a perspective view of an example of a tile segment within a soleplate of the present invention showing two traction members and a flat segment disposed between the traction members.
FIG. 30 is a perspective view of an example of a tile segment within a soleplate of the present invention showing two traction members and a flat segment (window) positioned between the traction members.
FIG. 31 is a side view of an example of a golf shoe of the present invention, illustrating the shoe upper in detail.
FIG. 32 is a bottom plan view of an example of a sole of the present invention showing traction members extending along the forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot regions, with inflection points illustrated in detail.
FIG. 33a is a schematic diagram of an example of a sole of the present invention detailing the horizontal side walls of selected traction members within zone G.
FIG. 33b is a schematic diagram of an example of a sole of the present invention detailing the vertical sidewalls of selected traction members within zones A, C, E, and F.
FIG. 33c is a schematic diagram of an example of a soleplate of the present invention detailing the horizontal sidewalls of selected traction members within Zone D.
FIG. 33d is a schematic diagram of an example of a sole of the present invention detailing the vertical sidewalls of other traction members within zones A, C, E, and F.
FIG. 34 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a golf shoe of the present invention, detailing the sole.
Fig. 35 is a bottom plan view of an embodiment of the floor window of Fig. 34 of the present invention.
Fig. 36 is a central inner side view of an embodiment of the golf shoe of Fig. 34 of the present invention.
FIG. 37 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a golf shoe of the present invention detailing the sole together with the spike receptacles.
FIG. 38 is a bottom plan view of an embodiment of the sole of FIG. 37 of the present invention having a spike receptacle.
FIG. 39 is a perspective view of an embodiment of FIG. 37 of the present invention detailing the sole with spikes secured to spike receptacles.
Fig. 40 is a bottom plan view of an embodiment of the floor window of Fig. 39 of the present invention.
Fig. 41 is an inner side view of an embodiment of the golf shoe of Fig. 39 of the present invention.
FIGS. 42A through 42C are partial cross-sectional views through portions of the spike receptacle and sole of FIGS. 39 through 41 illustrating the spike and multi-surface traction member in both unloaded and loaded cases.
FIG. 43 is a bottom plan view of one embodiment of a golf shoe of the present invention illustrating different traction elements in the sole.
FIG. 44 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a tile segment and traction member of the present invention.
FIG. 44b is a cross-sectional view of the tile fragment shown in FIG. 44 along line B-B'.
FIG. 45 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a tile segment and traction member of the present invention.
FIG. 45b is a cross-sectional view of the tile fragment shown in FIG. 45 along line B-B'.
FIG. 46 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a tile segment and traction member of the present invention.
FIG. 46b is a cross-sectional view of the tile fragment shown in FIG. 46 along line B-B'.
FIG. 47 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a tile segment and traction member of the present invention.
Figure 47b is a cross-sectional view of the tile fragment shown in Figure 47 along line B-B'.
FIG. 48 is a bottom plan view of one embodiment of a golf shoe of the present invention illustrating different traction elements and spikes in the sole.
FIG. 49 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a golf shoe of the present invention detailing the sole.
FIGS. 50a and 50b are bottom plan views of an embodiment of the floor sill of FIG. 49 of the present invention, with FIG. 50b illustrating an area of tiles.
FIGS. 51a and 51b are cross-sectional views of the longitudinal bend groove illustrated in FIG. 50 along lines AA' and B-B'.
FIGS. 52a to 52e are other cross-sectional views of the longitudinal bend groove as shown in FIG. 51a.

Referring now to the drawings in which like reference numerals represent like elements, and particularly to FIG. 1 , one embodiment of a golf shoe (10) of the present invention is illustrated. The shoe (10) includes an upper portion (12) and a sole portion (16) together with a midsole (14) connecting the upper (12) to the sole (16). It is to be understood that the view depicted in the drawings is of a right shoe and that the components of the left shoe are mirror-mirrored images of the right shoe. It should also be understood that the shoe may be manufactured in various sizes and thus the sizes of the components of the shoe may be adjusted depending on the shoe size.

The upper (12) has a conventional shape and is made of standard upper materials such as natural leather, synthetic leather, knits, non-woven materials, natural fabrics and synthetic fabrics. For example, breathable mesh and synthetic textile fabrics made from nylon, polyester, polyolefin, polyurethane, rubber, and combinations thereof may be used. The materials used to make the upper are selected based on desired properties such as breathability, durability, flexibility and comfort. In one preferred example, the upper (12) is formed of a mesh material. The upper materials are sewn or bonded together to form an upper structure. Referring to FIG. 1A, the upper (12) generally includes a footbed area (18) having an opening (20) for inserting a foot. The upper includes a vamp (19) for covering the forefoot of the foot. The instep region includes a tongue member (22) and a saddle strip (21) that is positioned over the quarter section (23) of the upper and attached to foxing (29) in the heel region. The upper (12) may also include an optional ghille strip (31) that extends from the posterior region of the instep region (18). Typically, laces (24) are used to tighten the shoe around the contour of the foot. However, other tightening systems may be used, including metal cable (lace) tightening assemblies that include dials, spools, and a locking mechanism for locking the housing and cable in place. Such lace tightening assemblies are available from Boa Technology, Inc., Denver, Colo. 80216, USA. It should be understood that the aforementioned upper (12) illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 1a represents only one example of an upper design that may be used in the shoe construction of the present invention, and that other upper designs may be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

The midsole (14) is relatively lightweight and provides cushioning to the shoe. The midsole (14) may be manufactured from standard midsole materials, such as, for example, expanded ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) or polyurethane. In one manufacturing process, the midsole (14) is molded over and around the sole. Alternatively, the midsole (14) may be molded as individual pieces and then joined to the upper surface (not shown) of the sole (16) by sewing, adhesives, or other suitable means using standard techniques known in the art. For example, the midsole (14) may be heat pressed and bonded to the upper surface of the sole (16).

In general, the sole (16) is designed to provide stability and traction to the shoe. The bottom surface (27) of the sole (16) includes a plurality of traction members (25) to help provide traction between the grass on the course and the shoe. The bottom surface and traction members of the sole can be made of any suitable material, such as rubber or plastic, and combinations thereof. Thermoplastic materials such as nylon, polyester, polyolefin, and polyurethane can be used. Suitable rubber materials that can be used include, but are not limited to, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, ethylene-propylene rubber (“EPR”), ethylene-propylene-diene (“EPDM”) rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, styrenic block copolymer rubber (“SI”, “SIS”, “SB”, “SBS”, “SIBS”, “SEBS”, “SEPS”, etc., where “S” is styrene, “I” is isobutylene, “E” is ethylene, “P” is propylene and “B” is butadiene), polyalkenamers, butyl rubber, nitrile rubber and blends of two or more thereof. The structure and function of the sole (16) of the present invention are described in more detail below.

Referring to FIG. 2A, a first set of spiral paths (A) is illustrated. Each spiral path (30) has a common origin (32) and includes a plurality of spiral segments (e.g., A1, A2, and A3) radiating from the origin (32). Each of the segments (A1, A2, and A3) has a different degree of curvature. Referring to FIG. 2B, a second set of spiral paths (B) is illustrated. Similar to the set (A) of spiral paths, each spiral path (34) in the set (B) has a common origin (36) and includes a plurality of spiral segments (e.g., B1, B2, and B3) radiating from the origin (36). Each of the segments (B1, B2, and B3) has a different degree of curvature. The first set of spiral paths (A) are logarithmic or normal, and the second set of spiral paths (B) are the inverse of the first set (A). Therefore, the sets of spiral paths (A and B) can overlap each other as shown in Fig. 2c.

When the helical paths within sets (A and B) overlap each other, the curved sub-segments of the helical segments from set (A) and the curved sub-segments of the helical segments from set (B) are joined together to create a four-sided tile segment. In Fig. 2c, a four-sided tile having helical sub-segment sides (33, 35, 37, 39) is illustrated. The intersections between the sets (A and B) of the overlapping helical paths form corners of these tile segments. In the shoe of the present invention, these tile segments are positioned on the sole and include protruding traction members - which are described in more detail below.

The geometry of the spiral path is illustrated in more detail in FIG. 3a. In this drawing, a first set of logarithmic spiral paths (A) (FIG. 2a) includes an elliptical pattern (OV1) and an elliptical pattern (OV2) intersecting with different spiral paths. It should be understood that the elliptical patterns (OV1, OV2) are used herein to further describe the spiral paths (A and B) and are intended for illustration only. The elliptical patterns (OV1 and OV2) do not appear as visible marks or indicia on the sole of the shoe. More specifically, the elliptical pattern (OV1) has a center point (40), and as illustrated in FIG. 3a, the center point (40) of the elliptical pattern (OV1) and the origin (32) of the first segment (A1) of the spiral path (A) are the same fixed point. The first segment (A1) of each spiral path (A) also has a proximal end (42) and a distal end (44). The elliptical pattern (OV1) intersects the distal end (44) of the first segment (A1) of the spiral path (A).

As also illustrated in FIG. 3a, an elliptical pattern (OV2) having the same center point (40) is also placed on the spiral path (A). The center point of the elliptical pattern (OV2) and the origin (32) of the second segment (A2) of the spiral path (A) are the same fixed point. The second segment (A2) of each spiral path (B) also has a proximal end (46) and a distal end (48). The elliptical pattern (OV2) intersects the distal end (48) of the second segment (A2) of the spiral path (A).

As illustrated in FIG. 2c, a first set of overlapping logarithmic (normal) spiral paths (A) and a second set of overlapping logarithmic (inverse) spiral paths (B) are illustrated in FIG. 3b for illustrative purposes, overlapping and overlapping the elliptical patterns (OV1 and OV2). It should be understood that the number of spiral paths within a pattern and the number of spiral segments within a given spiral path are not limited. In FIGS. 3a and 3b, a spiral path comprising three spiral segments (A1, A2, and A3) is illustrated for illustrative purposes, but any number of segments may be present and these segments may be scaled to any size, as will be further described below.

Referring to FIGS. 4A-4C , path lengths of some exemplary helical segments including a helical path are illustrated in more detail. In FIG. 4A , an example of a first set of logarithmic (regular) helical paths (A) having a helical path including a plurality of helical segments is illustrated. The lengths of the helical path segments increase by a constant growth factor. In particular, in this example, the helical path (50) includes a first helical segment (A1); a second helical segment (A2); a third helical segment (A3); a fourth helical segment (A4); a fifth helical segment (A5); and a sixth helical segment (A6). These helical segments increase by a constant growth factor along the entire helical path. For example, if the length of the helical segment (A1) is 0.4 inches; the length of the helical segment (A2) is 0.6 inches; the length of the helical segment (A3) is 1 inch, and the growth factor is 1.6. This growth factor of different segments remains the same as the spiral path continues to grow, as shown in Table 1 of FIG. 4b. That is, the growth factor remains constant throughout the entire spiral path (for example, the growth factor may be 1.6). Such an example of a growth factor can be expressed by a geometric equation, as shown in Table 2 of FIG. 4c. As shown in FIGS. 4a to 4c, there may be multiple spiral segments and multiple elliptical patterns intersecting different segments of the spiral path.

In FIGS. 5A-5C , another example of a spiral path is shown that includes a plurality of spiral path segments (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6) having different growth factors. In this example, the length of the spiral segment (A1) is 0.29 inches; the length of the spiral segment (A2) is 0.45 inches; and the length of the spiral segment (A3) is 0.75 inches, and the growth factor is 1.61. These growth factors of the different segments remain the same as the spiral path grows and extends outwardly as shown in Table 3 of FIG. 5B . That is, the growth factor remains constant throughout the spiral path (in this example, the growth factor is 1.61). This growth factor can be expressed by a geometric equation as shown in Table 4 of FIG. 5C . Therefore, the growth of the spiral path is organic and clean and can be expressed by equations as shown in the examples of FIGS. 4A-4C and 5A-5C . The spiral path provides a natural, organic appearance to the sole of the shoe.

It should be understood that the origin of the spiral path can be at various locations. Referring to FIGS. 6A-6D , a sole of a right shoe (64) is illustrated that includes overlapping spiral paths as described above. In FIG. 6A , the origin (52) of the spiral path (54) is illustrated in the arch region (56) of the sole. In FIG. 6B , the origin (58) of the spiral path (54) is illustrated in the central midfoot region of the sole. In FIG. 6C , the origin (54) is outside the outer edge (60) of the midfoot region of the sole; and in FIG. 6D , the origin (62) is illustrated in the central midfoot region of the sole, where the length of the spiral segment and spiral path is minimized (66). The spiral segment and spiral path illustrated in FIG. 6D are on a much smaller scale than the spiral segment and spiral path illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6C .

Referring to FIG. 7, the sole of FIG. 6A is illustrated in more detail where the focal point (52) of the spiral path (54) is at the medial side and arch region of the sole. Here, the intersection (68) between the different arc paths (54) and the creation of the four-sided tile segments (70) is illustrated in more detail. The curved sub-segments (72, 73, 74, 75) of the spiral segments are joined together to create a substantially four-sided tile segment (70) in the sole of the shoe. The intersections between the overlapping sets of spiral paths (A and B) form corners of these tile segments (e.g., the corners may be indicated as 76, 77, 78, and 79). These individual tile segments (70) include different traction elements (not shown in FIG. 7) as will be further described below.

As described above, in one example, the sole includes a first set of arc paths having a center point located on a medial surface of the forefoot region and extending generally longitudinally along the forefoot region. The radius of each of the arc paths increases from the center point as the arcs extend along the forefoot region. A second set of arc paths have a center point located on a posterior end of the forefoot region and extend generally transversely along the forefoot region. The radius of each of the arc paths increases from the center point as the arcs extend along the forefoot region.

When the first and second arc paths overlap each other, a four-sided tile fragment is formed on the surface of the forefoot region. In one embodiment, the first and second arc paths having their various radii and intersections may be confined to the forefoot region. That is, in one embodiment, only the forefoot region may include the four-sided tile fragment having the protruding traction members. Other regions (e.g., the midfoot and hindfoot regions) may not have the traction members or may include traction members of different configurations. In another embodiment, as described above, the entire sole may include the arc path, the intersections, and the resulting four-sided tiles. In yet another embodiment, selected regions of the sole other than the forefoot region may include the arc path, the intersections, and the tile fragments.

For example, the sole may include a first set of arc paths having a center point located on an inner surface of the hindfoot region and extending generally longitudinally along the hindfoot region. The radius of each arc path increases from the center point as the arc extends along the hindfoot region. A second set of arc paths have a center point located on a rearward end of the hindfoot region and extend generally transversely along the hindfoot region. The radius of each arc path increases from the center point as the arc extends along the hindfoot region. When the first and second sets of arc paths overlap each other, an intersection is formed between the first and second sets of arc paths. The intersection forms a four-sided tile segment on a surface of the hindfoot region.

In general, the anatomy of the foot can be divided into three bony regions. The hindfoot region generally includes the ankle (talus) and heel (calcaneus) bones. The midfoot region includes the cuboid, cuneiform, and navicular bones which form the longitudinal arch of the foot. The forefoot region includes the metatarsals and toes. Referring again to FIG. 1 , the sole (16) has a top surface (not shown) and a bottom surface (27). The midsole (14) is joined to the top surface of the sole (16). The upper (12) is joined to the midsole (14).

Referring to FIG. 8, the sole (16) generally includes a forefoot region (80) for supporting a forefoot region; a midfoot region (82) for supporting a midfoot including an arch region; and a rear region (84) for supporting a rearfoot including a heel region. Generally, the forefoot region (80) includes a portion of the sole corresponding to a joint connecting the toes and the metatarsal bones to the phalanges. The midfoot region (82) generally includes a portion of the sole corresponding to an arch region of the foot. The rearfoot region (84) generally includes a portion of the sole corresponding to a rear portion of the foot including the calcaneus bone.

The sole also includes a lateral side (86) and a medial side (88). The lateral side (86) and the medial side (88) extend through the respective foot regions (80, 82, 84) and correspond to opposite sides of the sole. The lateral side or edge (86) of the sole is the side corresponding to an outer region of the wearer's foot. The lateral edge (86) is generally the side of the wearer's foot that is furthest from the wearer's other foot (i.e., closer to the fifth toe [little toe]). The medial side or edge (88) of the sole is the side corresponding to an inner region of the wearer's foot. The medial edge (88) is generally the side of the wearer's foot that is closest to the wearer's other foot (i.e., closer to the hallux [big toe]).

More specifically, the lateral and medial surfaces extend around the periphery or edge (90) of the sole (16) from the forward end (92) of the sole to the rear end (94). The forward end (92) is the portion of the sole corresponding to the toe region, and the rear end (94) is the portion corresponding to the heel region. When measured in a linear direction from the lateral or medial edge of the sole toward the center region of the sole, the periphery region typically has a width of about 3 to about 6 mm. The width of the periphery may vary along the contour of the sole and may vary from the forefoot region (80) to the midfoot region (82) to the rearfoot region (84).

The areas, sides and regions of the sole as described above are not intended to delineate precise areas of the sole. Rather, these areas, sides and regions are intended to represent general areas of the sole. The upper (12) and the midsole (14) also have these areas, sides and regions. Each area, side and region may also include a front and rear section.

Forefoot area

As further illustrated in FIG. 8, the forefoot region (80) of the sole comprises a first (outer) region (96) of the tile comprising a protruding traction member (98) extending along an periphery of the forefoot region; a third (inner) region (100) of the tile comprising a protruding traction member (102) extending along an opposing periphery of the forefoot region; and a second (middle) region (104) of the tile comprising a protruding traction member (106) positioned between the first region and the third region.

Referring to FIGS. 8, 9 and 9a, the traction members (98) of the first (outer) region (96) of the tile have an inclined surface with a triangular upper surface (108) including a concave region (109) and a non-concave region (110), the non-concave region (110) forming a contact surface, the total contact surface area being in the range of about 10 to about 35% of the total surface area of the tile (70). In one preferred embodiment, the total contact surface area is in the range of about 17 to about 28%. These traction members (98) are primarily used for golf specific traction, i.e., they help control forefoot lateral traction and prevent the foot from slipping during a golf shot.

For example, during a typical golf game, a golfer hits a shot with a variety of clubs. As the golfer swings the club and shifts their weight during the shot, the feet absorb tremendous forces. In many cases, when a right-handed golfer takes a stance to hit the ball, their right and left feet are in a neutral position. As the golfer makes the backswing, the right foot presses down on the medial forefoot and heel area, and as the right knee remains flexed, the right foot generates torque with the ground to resist external foot rotation. Upon completion of the shot, the golfer's left shoe rolls from the medial (inner) aspect of their left foot toward the lateral (outer) aspect of their left foot. Meanwhile, the right shoe simultaneously flexes the forefoot and rotates inward as the heel lifts. As described above, significant pressure is applied to the outside of the foot during various stages of the golf shot cycle. In the present invention, the first section of the sole is designed to provide support and stability to the lateral aspect of the foot. That is, the first zone provides support around the outer edge of the sole. This first zone helps to hold and support the outer side of the golfer's foot as he/she shifts his/her weight during the shot. The shoe provides good traction and control of the outer movement. Therefore, the golfer has better stability and balance in all phases of the game.

Next, referring to FIGS. 8, 10 and 10a, the traction members (106) of the second (intermediate) zone (104) of the tile have a three-sided pyramidal shape having three inclined planes (113, 115, 117) extending from a pyramidal base and a apex (118), the total contact area being in the range of about 5 to about 40% of the total surface area of the tile (70). In one preferred embodiment, the total contact area is in the range of about 12 to about 33%. Only one edge (118) of the traction members (106) contacts the ground, thereby maximizing the grip per volume of the tile (70). These traction members (106) tend to provide comfort and distribute pressure from the intermediate (second) zone to the periphery of the sole, i.e., the outer (first) and inner (third) zones. These traction members (106) in the middle zone are relatively softer and more flexible than the traction members in the adjacent outer and inner zones. Therefore, the middle zone acts as a comfort zone that relieves the pressure applied to the center of the sole and pushes it toward the outer and inner sides of the sole. Also, when sufficient shoe pressure is applied and the traction members (106) in the middle zone are compressed and flattened to some extent, these traction members will make relatively good contact with the ground and provide some grip.

Finally, referring to FIGS. 8, 11 and 11a, the traction members (102) of the third (inner) zone (100) of the tile have two inclined surfaces (111, 112) with a triangular concave upper surface (114) forming a contact surface, the total contact surface area being in the range of about 20 to about 60% of the total surface area of the tile (70). In one preferred embodiment, the total contact surface area is in the range of about 27 to about 53%. These traction members (102) provide a high contact surface area to prevent slipping on hard, wet and slick surfaces. Maximum contact by the traction members (102) is maintained in this third zone (100). The traction members (102) also assist in pushing water out of the shoe when a person follows a normal walking gait cycle, as described in more detail below.

Typically, when a person begins to walk naturally, the outside of his or her heel strikes the ground first with the foot in a slightly supinated position. As the person shifts his or her weight to the forefoot, the arch of the foot flattens and the foot presses downward. The foot also begins to roll slightly inward into a pronated position. In some cases, the foot may roll inward excessively, which is called overpronation. In other cases, the foot does not roll inward enough, which is called underpronation. Normal foot pressure is applied downward and the foot begins to move into a normal supinated position, which helps absorb shock. After the foot reaches this neutral (mid-stance) position, the person pushes off the ball of his or her foot and continues walking. At this point, the foot also rolls slightly outward again. The aforementioned traction absence in the third (inner) zone of the tile is particularly effective in helping to prevent a person from slipping and losing balance when walking by providing maximum contact with the ground.

Midfoot area

Also as illustrated in FIG. 8, the midfoot region (82) of the sole further includes a section (116) of the tile including a protruding traction member (106) extending along the midfoot region, the traction member having a three-sided pyramidal shape having three inclined planes (113, 115, 117) extending from a pyramidal base and a apex (118) (see FIGS. 10 and 10a), the total contact area being in the range of about 5% to about 40% of the total surface area of the tile (70). Thus, the traction member (106) of the midfoot region section (116) of the tile is similar to the traction member (106) found in the second (middle) section (104) of the tile located in the forefoot region (80). In one preferred embodiment, the total contact area is in the range of about 12% to about 33%. As described above, these traction elements (106) tend to provide comfort and distribute pressure from the central region of the midfoot area toward the major edge of the sole.

Posterior region

Referring to the hindfoot region (84) and FIG. 8, the traction members found in this region (84) are similar to the traction members found in the forefoot region (80). However, the regions of the hindfoot region (84) are opposite those of the forefoot region (80). Thus, as shown in FIG. 8, there is a first (outer) region (120) of the tile including a protruding traction member (102) extending along the periphery of the hindfoot region (84); a third (inner) region (122) of the tile including a protruding traction member (98) extending along the opposite periphery (medial side) of the hindfoot region (84); and a second (intermediate) region (124) of the tile including a protruding traction member (106) positioned between the first and third hindfoot regions (120 and 122).

First, the traction member (102) of the first (outer) section (120) of the hindfoot portion of the tile has an inclined surface (111, 112) with a triangular concave upper surface (114) forming a contact surface, the total contact surface area being in the range of about 20 to about 60% of the total surface area of the tile (70) (see FIGS. 11 and 11a). Thus, the traction member (102) of the first (outer) section (120) of the hindfoot portion of the tile is similar to the traction member (102) found in the third (inner) section (100) of the tile located in the forefoot region (80). As described above, these traction members (102) provide a high contact surface area to prevent slipping on hard, wet, and slick surfaces. In addition, the horizontally oriented sidewalls of the traction members help prevent slipping when a golfer walks downward on a golf course slope. Maximum contact due to the absence of traction (102) is maintained in the first (outer) area of the rear foot of the tile (120) and the third (inner) area of the forefoot of the tile (100).

Meanwhile, as also illustrated in FIG. 8, the traction member (106) of the second (intermediate) region (124) of the hindfoot portion of the tile has a three-sided pyramidal shape having three inclined planes (113, 115, 117) extending from a pyramidal base and a apex (118) (see FIGS. 10 and 10a), and the total contact surface area is in the range of about 5 to about 40% based on the total surface area of the tile (70). Accordingly, the traction member (106) of the second (intermediate) region (124) of the tile is similar to the traction member (106) found in the second (intermediate) region (104) of the tile located in the forefoot region (80). As described above, these traction members (106) tend to provide comfort and distribute pressure from the intermediate region of the hindfoot region to the periphery of the sole.

Finally, in FIG. 8, the traction members (98) of the third (inner) section (122) of the hindfoot of the tile have a triangular upper surface (108) including a concave region (109) and a non-concave region (110), the non-concave region forming a contact surface (see FIGS. 9 and 9a), the total contact surface area being in the range of about 10 to about 35% of the total surface area of the tile (70). As described above, these traction members (98) are primarily used for golf specific traction, i.e., they help control forefoot and hindfoot lateral traction and prevent the foot from slipping during play.

The traction zones described above in the shoe soles of the present invention help provide improved traction on all surfaces. Furthermore, these shoes are optimally suited for use on golf courses because they reduce turf damage per unit of traction provided. The shoes of the present invention help prevent damage to course turf, particularly putting greens. In contrast, many prior art golf shoes include traction members arranged in a linear or dual radial configuration. These traditional channeled sole structures provide less traction per unit of total traction member penetration area; which can result in more turf damage per unit of traction. Furthermore, these prior art shoe soles may not have good traction on all surfaces. Such channeled soles may provide less than optimal traction for the damage they create on the course. As illustrated in FIG. 12, this turfgrass wedge effect for a prior art sole comprising traction members (130) and channels (132) in a linear configuration (transverse rows along the longitudinal length of the sole) occurs substantially in both the 90 degree (arrow C-90°) and 0 degree (arrow C-0°) directions. Next, as illustrated in FIG. 13, with the traction members (134) arranged in a circular pattern (136, 138) (dual radial configuration) overlapping the prior art sole, there may be little turfgrass wedge in the 90 degree direction (arrow D-90°) but significant turfgrass wedge in the 0 degree direction (arrow D-0°). Referring to FIG. 14, with the traction members (140) arranged in a concentric circular pattern, this geometric configuration still has channels and wedges can exist in various directions. For example, in the linear direction (arrow D-x°); and the wave may exist in the rotational direction (arrow D-y°). Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 14, the wave may occur in both linear and arcuate patterns. In another example of a prior art sole, as illustrated in FIG. 15, the traction members (140) may be arranged in a single logarithmic spiral and channels are still created. With this geometric configuration, the wave occurs in both the 90 degree (arrow D-90°) and 0 degree (arrow D-0°) directions.

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 12, when the traction members (130) are arranged in a linear pattern and close together, this tends to cause turf burrows. Second, the sole structure of FIG. 12 includes linear channels (132) in which no traction members are positioned, and these channeling areas provide no traction. Turf burrows cause concentrated damage to turf, whereas poor traction does not cause damage to turf. However, turf burrows and traction characteristics are related. If the shoe slips enough for one traction member to reach the location of an adjacent traction member, traction will be reduced due to the traction member sliding through the weakened or damaged turf. This sliding of multiple traction members through the same turf causes turf burrows. Linear channels, on the other hand, provide no traction. Since these linear channels do not include any traction members, the sole (e.g., rubber material) is in direct contact with the ground and there is no grip strength.

In the present invention, as illustrated in FIG. 16 and described above, the traction members (140) of the sole are arranged in an eccentric configuration with each adjacent traction member being positioned at a different radius from a given center of rotation. This results in improved traction for the shoe on all surfaces - no channeling and little or no turfgrass for a given amount of traction. The shoe sole of the present invention does not have a linear channel configuration with closely spaced traction members which can cause turfgrass. Rather, the shoe sole of the present invention has traction members that provide optimal traction for a given number of traction members within the sole. That is, the soles cause less damage to the golf course for a given amount of traction.

Another advantage of the shoes of the present invention is that they can be worn when engaging in activities off the golf course. For example, the shoes can be worn as casual "off-course" shoes in clubhouses, offices, homes, and other common locations. On all floors and other surfaces, the sole configuration provides high traction per unit volume of traction member for the amount of traction provided. Furthermore, the shoes are lightweight and comfortable, making them easy to wear during walking and other activities. For example, the shoes can be worn while playing recreational sports such as tennis, squash, racquetball, street hockey, softball, soccer, football, rugby, and sailing. Thus, the shoes can be worn when engaging in a number of different activities on a number of different surfaces. The shoes provide inherent traction and grip strength on both hard and soft surfaces.

It should be understood that the above-described sole comprising a) a forefoot region including first, second (intermediate) and third regions of tiles having traction members; b) a midfoot region including regions of tiles having traction members; and c) a rearfoot region including first, second (intermediate) and third regions of tiles having traction members are merely examples of sole structures that may be used in the shoe construction of the present invention. As described above, the unique pattern of traction members in the lateral, medial and intermediate regions provides improved traction on both hard and soft surfaces. This geometric configuration of the traction members helps to provide a shoe having high traction per volume of traction members and minimal turf grit characteristics for the amount of traction provided. However, it is recognized that other patterns of traction members may be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Furthermore, the traction members arranged on the sole may have shapes different from those described above to provide optimum traction given the number of traction members. That is, the sole may include a wide range of traction members so as to maximize grip on a particular surface and cause minimal damage to that surface for a given amount of traction. The traction members may have a number of different shapes, including, but not limited to, circular, rectangular, triangular, square, spherical, oval, star, diamond, pyramid, arrow, cone, blade, and rod-shaped. Additionally, the height and area of the traction members and the volume of the traction members per given tile on the sole may be adjusted as needed. As described above, these different shaped traction members are arranged on the sole in a non-channeled pattern. The different traction members and their unique patterns of non-channeled soles help to provide a shoe with high traction and low turf grime characteristics.

For example, referring to FIGS. 17a and 17b, two sole configurations (142a, 142b) having different sets of traction members are illustrated. In FIG. 17a, the sole configuration (142a) has a set of traction members (144) specifically designed to provide good traction on soft surfaces, such as a soccer pitch, lacrosse, rugby and football fields. These traction members (144) have specific shapes and dimensions to provide a high level of stability and traction on the course. The sole configuration helps to grip and support the medial and lateral sides of the golfer's foot as he/she shifts his/her weight during the golf shot. The shoe sole (142a) provides good traction, thus eliminating slippage and allowing the golfer to maintain balance.

Referring to FIG. 17b, the sole configuration (142b) has a set of traction members (146) designed to provide high traction on hard and particularly smooth, and even more particularly hard, wet and smooth surfaces, such as boat decks, polished concrete and marble floors of India, painted surfaces of India, and the like. These traction members (146) have specific shapes and dimensions to provide good grip strength and traction on various surfaces. For example, the shoe may be worn while walking, as described above, or while in a clubhouse, office and home, or during various recreational activities. The traction members (146) maintain high contact with the surface and provide stability. The traction members (146) help prevent slipping on hard, wet and smooth surfaces.

It should be appreciated that the soles (142a, 142b) may have different traction members (144, 146) as illustrated in FIGS. 17a and 17b, thereby optimizing the soles for both on-course or off-course wear, i.e., for both hard and soft surfaces. However, in both sole configurations (142a, 142b), the soles generally have a tread pattern as described above: a) a forefoot region including first, second (intermediate) and third zones of tiles having traction members; b) a midfoot region including zones of tiles having traction members; and c) a rearfoot region including first, second (intermediate) and third zones of tiles having traction members. That is, the types of traction members (144, 146) of the soles are different; however, the geometric configuration of the traction members is similar to the non-channeled pattern described above. Non-Channeled Pattern. This pattern provides a shoe with high traction per unit volume of traction and minimal turf break characteristics for the amount of traction provided.

As discussed above, there is a need to provide a sole structure which can achieve high traction on hard, particularly hard, wet and smooth surfaces such as boat decks, polished concrete and marble floors, painted surfaces of India, etc. These surfaces may be referred to as "off-course" surfaces. At the same time, there is a need for a sole structure which provides high traction on various natural grass surfaces, particularly golf courses. Such shoes may be referred to as "on-course" surfaces. The present invention provides such a multi-surface traction (MST) sole structure.

More specifically, for multi-surface traction (MST) shoes, the horizontal contact area ratio (HCAR) and the vertical contact area ratio (VCAR) of the sole structure must be considered. These ratios may be applied to any portion of the net sole area. For the purposes of this discussion, "net" area refers to the area of a given portion of the sole that is vertically projected onto the surface of the foundation. HCAR refers to the ratio of the summed horizontal surface contact area between the traction member and a hard, flat surface with respect to any given portion of the sole area divided by the total net area of the same given portion of the sole area. VCAR refers to the ratio of the summed vertical surface contact area between each portion of the traction member area that penetrates into the foundation and is perpendicular to the direction of the horizontal ground reaction force and the ground, divided by the total net area of the same given portion of the sole area. As the traction member of the sole penetrates the ground (e.g., natural soft and hard grass, soil, sand, clay, etc.), a vertical contact area is created between the side surfaces of the traction member and the ground.

HCAR

In some cases, it is desirable to maximize the HCAR of a shoe. For example, "off-course" shoes may have a high HCAR. These sole structures typically attempt to maximize contact with smoother, harder surfaces, and thus provide a larger surface area and greater friction between the sole and the surface. This helps to improve the slip resistance characteristics of the sole. For example, soles comprising block-shaped traction members are known in the art. Typically, these block-shaped traction members have a relatively large width and a relatively low height, and thus provide a better grip on a hard surface. The traction members are closely packed with a small spatial separation from neighboring traction members. These sole structures and traction members are typically comprised of a rubber material. These block-shaped traction members are not easily compressed and generally have good bending resistance, and thus do not fold when horizontal forces are applied between the footwear and the ground. In a sense, these block-shaped traction members contact and "ride" on the hard surface to provide a grip strength between the shoe and the surface.

VCAR

In some cases, it is desirable to maximize the VCAR of a shoe. Such sole structures attempt to maximize ground penetration and thus greater traction. For example, soles comprising thin peg-like cleats are known in the art. Typically, these peg-like traction members have a relatively large height and a relatively small cross-sectional area, which allows them to better penetrate the ground. Such sole structures and traction members are often composed of thermoplastic polyurethane materials.

For illustrative purposes, the VCAR of any given traction member may be considered as a rectangle. First, if the traction member has a relatively large length (height), the traction member will penetrate the ground more deeply and provide more traction than a traction member with a relatively short length (height). The length of the rectangle has increased, and thus the VCAR has increased. In general, a longer and thinner peg-shaped traction member will penetrate the ground more easily than a shorter and wider blade-shaped traction member. This is due to the greater pressure acting on the smaller cross-sectional area of the longer and thinner peg-shaped traction member.

A high HCAR sole tread pattern is typically not a high VCAR sole tread pattern and vice versa. Many conventional golf shoes emphasize on-course playability and sacrifice off-course slip resistance or emphasize better off-course traction and sacrifice on-course performance. It is generally accepted that conventional golf shoes cannot achieve a high degree of compatibility between on-course playability and off-course grip.

In contrast to these conventional on-course and off-course shoes that compromise certain characteristics for others, the inventors of the present invention have developed a balanced shoe that optimally combines a high slip resistance surface and high ground penetration/traction characteristics. The shoe of the present invention has both desirable on-course and off-course characteristics. In addition, the shoe of the present invention does not seriously damage golf course turfgrass, particularly putting greens as further described below.

Geometric pattern on the floor

The sole of the present invention is optimized for multi-surface traction by providing a localized sole tread pattern that aligns with the functional foot anatomy and the requirements for walking on smooth, hard, and wet surfaces as well as swinging a golf club. The sole generally has a tread pattern having: a) a forefoot region including first, second (intermediate) and third regions of tiles having traction members; b) a midfoot region including regions of tiles having traction members; and c) a rearfoot region including first, second (intermediate) and third regions of tiles having traction members.

The traction members are arranged in an eccentric arch configuration, with each adjacent traction member being positioned at a different radius from a given center of rotation. This results in improved traction for the shoe on all surfaces (MST) - no channeling and little or no turfgrass indentation for a given amount of traction as described above. Different types of traction members may be used, for example, the traction members may be relatively short, wide, and have a blade-like configuration. However, the geometric pattern of the traction members is similar to the non-channeled pattern described above. The shoe sole of the present invention does not have a linear channel configuration with closely spaced traction members which may cause turfgrass indentation. This non-channeled pattern helps to provide a shoe with high traction per volume of traction members and minimal turfgrass indentation characteristics for a given amount of traction.

Material properties and geometrical shape of traction absence

Referring to FIG. 30, one embodiment of the traction member of the present invention is illustrated. In this embodiment, a tile structure (154) positioned on a sole (16) includes a first protruding traction member (162b); an opposing second protruding traction member (162a); and a non-protruding base segment (window) (163) positioned between the first and second traction members (162b, 162a).

The traction members of the present invention may have different sizes, shapes, and/or material properties. For example, the different traction members may have separate and distinct material properties such that some traction members are relatively hard and rigid; and other traction members are relatively soft and flexible. The traction members may also have different dimensions (e.g., the length or height of the traction members may vary); and the traction members may have different shapes and geometries.

For example, the first traction member (162b) can be made from a relatively hard first thermoplastic polyurethane composition having a hardness greater than 80 Shore A; and the second traction member (162a) can be made from a relatively soft second thermoplastic polyurethane composition having a hardness less than 80 Shore A. These first and second traction members (162b, 162a) can be made from commercially available polyurethane compositions, such as, for example, Estane® TRX thermoplastic polyurethane, available from Lubrizol Corporation.

By varying the hardness of the different traction members, each traction member can be tuned to respond differently when in contact with the ground. The traction members are configured to deform differently when pressed against the ground. For example, one traction member may have an optimal relatively low hardness, which is optimal for maximizing traction on hard, wet surfaces; and the second traction member may have a relatively high hardness, which is optimal for maximizing traction on soft, natural grasses. The hardness of the second traction member is preferably greater than the hardness of the first traction member. For example, the hardness of the second traction member may be at least 5% greater than the hardness of the first traction member. In some embodiments, the hardness of the second traction member may be at least 10% or 15% greater; in other embodiments, at least 20% or 25% greater.

The traction members may also have various dimensions. For example, in one embodiment, such as that illustrated in FIGS. 29 and 30, the length (height) of the relatively hard traction member (162b) and the length (height) of the relatively soft traction member (162a) are substantially equal. For example, the heights of the relatively hard and soft traction members may range from about 2 mm to about 6 mm. Preferably, the heights of the relatively hard and soft traction members may range from about 2.5 mm to about 4.5 mm.

In a second embodiment, the height of the relatively hard traction member is greater than the height of the relatively soft traction member. For example, the height of the relatively hard traction member can be in the range of about 2 mm to about 6 mm; and the height of the relatively soft traction member can be in the range of about 1.75 mm to about 5.75 mm. Preferably, the difference between the traction member heights can be in the range of about 0 mm to about 6 mm. In this manner, the hard traction member contacts the ground and penetrates grass and soil more easily. Meanwhile, the relatively soft traction member contacts the ground, compresses more easily, and helps to provide some flexibility to the shoe. Such a sole structure is particularly effective for on-course applications.

In another embodiment, the height of the relatively hard traction member is less than the height of the relatively soft traction member. For example, the height of the relatively soft traction member can be in a range of about 2 mm to about 6 mm; and the height of the relatively hard traction member can be in a range of about 1.75 mm to about 5.75 mm. Preferably, the difference between the traction member heights can be in a range of about 0 mm to about 6 mm.

By varying the length (height) of the different traction members, each traction member can be adjusted to penetrate the ground to different depths when in contact with the ground. For example, in one embodiment, the first traction member may have a relatively larger height that is optimized to penetrate the ground deeply. Meanwhile, the second traction member may have a relatively smaller height that is optimized to ride on the surface or penetrate the ground to a shallower extent.

The traction members can have a variety of sizes and shapes. The sole structure (16) of the present invention can include a wide variety of traction members to maximize grip on a particular surface and cause less damage to that surface for a given amount of traction. The traction members can have a number of different shapes, including, but not limited to, annular, rectangular, triangular, square, spherical, oval, star, diamond, pyramid, arrow, cone, blade, and rod-shaped. Additionally, the height and area of the traction members and the volume of the traction members per given tile structure on the sole can be adjusted as needed. For example, as shown in FIGS. 29 and 30, the first traction member (162b) can have three side walls having sloped surfaces and a triangular non-concave upper surface forming a ground contact surface. The second traction member (162a) may also have three side walls with inclined surfaces and a triangular concave upper surface of a larger size than the first traction member. The traction tile structure (154) further includes a flexible window (163) disposed between the first and second traction members (162b, 162a); and a surrounding rigid base material (220) as further described below.

The total contact area is preferably in the range of about 5 to about 80 percent of the total surface area of the traction tile structure. That is, the first and second traction members contact the contact surface such that the total contact area is preferably in the range of about 5 to about 80 percent of the total surface area of the tile. In one preferred embodiment, the total contact area is in the range of about 10 to about 70 percent, and in another preferred embodiment, the total contact area is in the range of about 20 to about 60 percent. In another preferred embodiment, the total contact area is in the range of about 15 to about 55 percent. The flat base segment (window) (163) of the traction tile structure positioned between the first and second traction members (162b, 162a) constitutes from about 1 percent to about 70 percent of the tile. In some cases, the window (163) may comprise about 70 to about 100% of the traction tile structure, as illustrated in FIG. 18, wherein the tile structure (156) is free of traction elements.

Traction zone

Referring to FIG. 18, the sole (16) generally includes a forefoot region (80) supporting a forefoot region; a midfoot region (82) supporting a midfoot including an arch region; and a rear region (84) supporting a rearfoot including a heel region. Generally, the forefoot region (80) includes a portion of the sole corresponding to the joint connecting the toes and the metatarsals to the phalanges. The midfoot region (82) generally includes a portion of the sole corresponding to the arch region of the foot. The rearfoot region (84) generally includes a portion of the sole corresponding to the rear portion of the foot including the calcaneus.

The sole also includes a lateral side (86) and a medial side (88). The lateral side (86) and the medial side (88) extend through the respective foot regions (80, 82, 84) and correspond to opposite sides of the sole. The lateral side or edge (86) of the sole is the side corresponding to an outer region of the wearer's foot. The lateral edge (86) is generally the side of the wearer's foot that is furthest from the wearer's other foot (i.e., closer to the fifth toe [little toe]). The medial side or edge (88) of the sole is the side corresponding to an inner region of the wearer's foot. The medial edge (88) is generally the side of the wearer's foot that is closest to the wearer's other foot (i.e., closer to the hallux [big toe]).

More specifically, the outer side and inner side extend around the periphery or peripheral portion (90) of the sole (16) from the front end (92) of the sole to the rear end (94). The front end (92) is the portion of the sole corresponding to the toe area, and the rear end (94) is the portion corresponding to the heel area.

The areas, regions and zones of the sole as described above are not intended to demarcate precise areas of the sole. Rather, these areas, regions and zones are intended to represent general areas of the sole. The upper (12) and the midsole (14) also have such areas, regions and zones. Each of the areas, regions and zones may also include forward and rear sections.

Posterior region

Referring to FIGS. 18 and 18a, the rear foot region (84) is shown with reference to the traction tile structures found in this zone "G" including a first protruding traction member; an opposing second protruding traction member; and a non-protruding flexible window disposed between the first and second traction members. More specifically, two traction tile structures within zone G are illustrated in an enlarged view in FIG. 19. In the present example, the first traction member (152b) is relatively hard and may be made of, for example, a hard first thermoplastic polyurethane composition. In one embodiment, the hard thermoplastic polyurethane composition has a hardness greater than 70 Shore A. The second traction member (152a) is relatively soft and may be made of, for example, a soft second thermoplastic polyurethane composition. In one embodiment, the soft second thermoplastic composition has a hardness less than or equal to 70 Shore A. A flexible window (153) is positioned between the first and second traction members (152b, 152a).

The first and second traction members (152b, 152a) have a sloped surface (112) with a triangular concave upper surface (114) forming a contact surface. Preferably, the total contact surface area is in the range of about 10 to about 70% of the total surface area of the tile. These traction members within Zone G (crash-pad) provide a high contact surface area to prevent slipping on hard, wet, and smooth surfaces. That is, these traction members provide a "crash pad" for the sole; they have a relatively large contact surface and a relatively high horizontal contact area ratio (HCAR). Maximum contact by the traction members is maintained in the rearfoot region of these tiles. Additionally, in Zone G, the horizontal sidewalls of the traction members help prevent the golfer from slipping when the golfer is walking down a golf slope or simply when the golfer is walking on any surface.

As also illustrated in FIG. 18a, zones A and F are located in the hindfoot region (84), and the traction tile structures of these zones also include a first protruding traction member; an opposing second protruding traction member; and a non-protruding flexible window disposed between the first and second traction members. For example, the first traction member (162b) can be relatively hard, and can be made of, for example, a hard first thermoplastic polyurethane composition. The second traction member (162a) can be relatively soft, and can be made of, for example, a soft second thermoplastic polyurethane composition. In one embodiment, the soft thermoplastic polyurethane composition has a hardness of less than or equal to 70 Shore A. A flexible window (163) is disposed between the first and second traction members. These traction members (162a, 162b) have a pyramidal shape having an inclined surface (112) and a triangular concave upper surface (114) forming a ground plane. In one embodiment, the total ground plane area is in the range of about 1 to about 70% of the total surface area of the traction tile structure.

When a golfer swings a club and shifts his/her weight, the feet absorb tremendous forces. For example, when a right-handed golfer first sets his/her feet (i.e., assumes a stance to strike the ball) before starting any club swing motion, their weight is evenly distributed between their lead foot (front foot) and trail foot (back foot). As the golfer begins the backswing (up swing), the weight shifts primarily to the back foot. At the beginning of the downswing, significant pressure is applied to the back foot. Therefore, the back foot can be referred to as the drive foot and the front foot can be referred to as the stationary foot. As the golfer follows through and drives the ball in the swing (downswing), his/her weight is transferred from the drive foot to the front (stationary) foot. During the swing motion, there is some pivoting of the back and front feet, but this pivoting motion must be controlled. It is important that the feet do not substantially move or slip when making the shot. Good foot traction is important during the golf upswing and downswing.

The traction members within Zones A and F, as described above, have vertical sidewalls that help manage the strong horizontal forces exerted against the sole during the golf swing, particularly during the golf upswing, thereby providing more resistance/traction. The traction members within Zones C and E, located in the forefoot area and described in detail below, also help stabilize the foot against these forces, thereby providing more resistance/traction during the golf swing.

Midfoot area

As also illustrated in FIGS. 18 and 18a, the midfoot region (82) of the sole (16) further includes traction tile structures extending along this region, which may be referred to as zone “B.” More specifically, two traction tile structures of zone B are illustrated enlarged in FIG. 20 . In the present example, the first traction member (165b) is relatively hard and may be made of, for example, a hard first thermoplastic polyurethane composition. In one embodiment, the hard thermoplastic polyurethane composition has a hardness greater than 70 Shore A. The second traction member (165a) is relatively soft and may be made of, for example, a soft second thermoplastic polyurethane composition. A flexible sole (163) is disposed between the first and second traction members. In some cases, the sole (163) may comprise about 70 to about 100% of the traction tile structure, wherein the tile structure (156, 156) is free of traction elements. Additionally, the midfoot region (82) may have a visible logo (158) which may be made of a variety of materials, preferably thermoplastic polyurethane. Additionally, a shank (footbridge) (159) may be included in the sole (16). Ultimately, this sole (16) having high mechanical strength properties provides the golfer with greater stability and balance while walking on the course.

These traction members also have a pyramidal shape having a sloping surface (112) and a triangular concave upper surface (114) forming a contact surface. In one embodiment, the total contact surface area is in the range of about 1 to about 60% of the total surface area of the traction tile structure. In one preferred embodiment, the total contact surface area is in the range of about 5 to about 50%. These traction members within the midfoot region (82) tend to provide comfort and distribute pressure from the central region of the midfoot region toward the peripheral edge of the sole (16).

Forefoot area

As also illustrated in FIGS. 18 and 18A, the forefoot region (80) of the sole (16) includes a first (medial) region (region "C") of tiles including traction tile structures extending along a periphery of the forefoot region; a second region (region "D") of tiles including traction tile structures disposed in a forward portion of the forefoot region; and a third (lateral) region (region "E") including protruding traction tile structures extending along an opposite periphery of the forefoot region.

Referring to FIG. 21, the traction tile structure of this inner zone C is illustrated as having first and second traction members (172b, 172a) having an inclined surface (112) and a triangular concave upper surface (114) forming a ground plane. A flexible window (173) is disposed between the first and second traction members. In the present example, the first traction member (172b) is relatively hard and may be made of, for example, a hard first thermoplastic polyurethane composition. In one embodiment, the hard thermoplastic polyurethane composition has a hardness greater than 70 Shore A. The second traction member (172a) is relatively soft and may be made of, for example, a soft second thermoplastic polyurethane composition. In one embodiment, the soft thermoplastic polyurethane composition has a hardness less than or equal to 70 Shore A. Preferably, the total contact area is in the range of about 10 to about 70 percent of the total surface area of the traction tile structure. These traction elements are positioned beneath the ball of the foot, which is the high pressure area.

Referring to FIG. 22, an enlarged view of the traction tile members within the forward region D is illustrated. The first and second traction members (182b, 182a) also have a sloped surface (112) and a triangular concave upper surface (114) forming a contact surface. A flexible window (183) is disposed between the first and second traction members. In the present example, the first traction member (182b) is relatively hard and may be made from a hard first thermoplastic polyurethane composition having, for example, a hardness as described above. The second traction member (182a) is relatively soft and may be made from a soft second thermoplastic polyurethane composition having, for example, a hardness as described above. Preferably, the total contact surface area is in the range of about 10 to about 70 percent of the total surface area of the traction tile structure. These traction elements are located underneath the toes of the foot and help provide good traction and toe push-off.

Referring to FIG. 23, an enlarged view of the traction tile members within the outer zone E is illustrated. The first and second traction members (192b, 192a) also have inclined surfaces (111, 112) and a triangular concave upper surface (114) forming a contact surface. A flexible window (193) is disposed between the first and second traction members. In the present example, the first traction member (192b) is relatively hard and may be made of a hard first thermoplastic polyurethane composition having, for example, a hardness as described above. The second traction member (192a) is relatively soft and may be made of a soft second thermoplastic polyurethane composition having, for example, a hardness as described above. Preferably, the total contact surface area is in the range of about 10 to about 70 percent of the total surface area of the tile.

The traction tile structures in zones C (medial) and E (lateral) are primarily used for golf-specific traction, i.e., these traction elements help control the lateral and medial traction of the forefoot and prevent the foot from slipping during a golf shot. As described above, significant pressure is applied to the outside of the foot at various stages of a golf shot swing. In the present invention, zones C and E of the sole (16) are designed to provide support and stability to the lateral surfaces of the foot. In particular, as the golfer follows through and drives the ball in his/her swing (downswing), his/her body weight is transferred from the back foot (driving foot) to the front foot (steady foot). During the swing motion, there is some pivoting of the back foot and front foot, but this pivoting motion must be controlled. Zones C and E help maintain and support the lateral and medial surfaces of the golfer's foot as he/she transfers his/her body weight during the shot. Therefore, the golfer has better stability and balance during all phases of the game. The traction members within Zones C and E have vertical sidewalls that help manage the strong horizontal forces applied against the sole during the golf swing, particularly during the golf downswing, thereby providing greater resistance/traction. The traction members within Zones A and F, located within the rearfoot area and described in detail above, also help stabilize the foot against these pressures, thus providing greater resistance/traction during the golf swing.

At the same time, zones D, E and C within the forefoot area have good active thrust generation, so that the golfer can push off his feet better. These features assist the golfer in performing the play and walking the course. The golfer can comfortably and naturally engage in golf specific activities. All these different traction elements within the sole help to impart high levels of stability and traction as well as high flexibility to the golf shoe of the present invention. The unique geometry and structure of the sole (16), including the upper (12), the midsole (14) and the traction elements, provide the golfer with a shoe having many beneficial properties.

Referring to FIGS. 24-27, the sole (16) and midsole (14) structures are illustrated in more detail. As described above, the sole (16) is designed to provide stability and traction for the shoe. The bottom surface of the sole (16) includes a plurality of traction members, generally indicated at (200) in FIGS. 25-27, to provide traction between the grass on the course and the shoe. The bottom surface of the sole (16) and the traction members (200) may be made of any suitable material, such as rubber or plastic, and combinations thereof, as discussed above. The midsole (14) is relatively lightweight and provides cushioning to the shoe. The midsole (14) may be made of a midsole material, such as, for example, a foamed ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) or a foamed polyurethane composition. In one preferred embodiment, the midsole (14) is fabricated using a foam blend composition of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and a polyolefin, as further described below. For example, commercially available foam blend compositions such as Engage® PO-EVA available from The Dow Chemical Company may be used. Different foaming additives and catalysts are used to make the EVA foam. The EVA blend foam composition has a variety of properties that make it particularly suitable for forming the midsole, including excellent cushioning and shock absorption; high water and moisture resistance; and long-term durability. In FIGS. 25-27, the midsole (14) is illustrated as having a lower region (205) and an upper region (210). The lower and upper regions (205, 210) may be fabricated from the same or different materials. For example, one region may be fabricated from a relatively rigid foamed EVA composition; and the other region may be fabricated from a relatively soft foamed EVA composition. The lower region (205) forms the side walls of the midsole, and this rigid and strong side wall helps to support and maintain the medial and lateral sides of the golfer's foot as the golfer shifts his or her weight during a golf shot. In this embodiment of the present invention, the sole structure (16) is a dual grid structure including a relatively hard traction member and a relatively soft traction member, as further described below.

More specifically, referring to FIG. 28, there is shown in an exploded view a sole section comprising a rigid thermoplastic polyurethane traction member (220); a sole section comprising a soft thermoplastic polyurethane traction member (215); and a midsole section (205). In one manufacturing process, the midsole (14) may be molded as individual pieces and then joined to an upper surface of the sole by sewing, adhesives, or other suitable means using standard techniques known in the art. For example, the midsole (14) may be heat pressed and bonded to an upper surface of the sole (16). The midsole may be molded using a "two-shot" mold, wherein the rigid thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) used to manufacture the sole section comprising the rigid thermoplastic polyurethane traction member is first injected into the mold; A second, soft thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is injected into the mold to manufacture the sole section including the soft traction member. In one embodiment, the harder thermoplastic polyurethane is molded over the softer thermoplastic polyurethane to provide a U-beam-like structure having high structural capabilities. The harder thermoplastic polyurethane provides a protective shell around the softer thermoplastic polyurethane. This dual grid structure of the sole helps to provide high structural support and mechanical strength. The dual grid structure has high structural rigidity, but does not sacrifice flexibility as further described below.

Referring to FIGS. 29 and 30, the traction tile segment (220) includes a first protruding traction member; an opposing second protruding traction member; and a non-protruding horizontal base segment (window) disposed between the first and second traction members. The first traction member (162b) is relatively hard and the second traction member (162a) is relatively soft. An open window (163) provides a flex point between the two traction members. As shown in FIG. 32, these flex points (195) are oriented in various directions across the dual grid structure. The flex points (195) have different axes, which provides a 360 degree (360°) flex feel to the dual grid structure. The flex points (195) form separate flex zones across the sole; as a result, the sole (16) can flex slightly in multiple directions, as opposed to many traditional shoes that flex in only a single direction. The sole (16) of the present invention does not have a hinge point at which the main section of the sole flexes; rather, the sole has many small points of flex that are oriented at many different angles. Thus, the sole (16) provides a 360 degree (360°) flexing sensation to the wearer of the shoe. The sole of the present invention provides an optimal combination of structural rigidity and flexibility.

As illustrated in FIGS. 29 and 30, the first traction member (162b) has sidewalls having inclined surfaces and a triangular non-concave upper surface forming a ground contact surface. The second traction member (162a) may also have sidewalls having inclined surfaces and a triangular non-concave upper surface having a larger size than the first traction member. The flat surfaces help to provide a relatively high horizontal contact area ratio (HCAR), and the sidewalls help to provide a relatively high vertical contact area ratio (VCAR).

Referring to FIGS. 33a, 33b, 33c and 33d, the horizontal and vertical sidewalls of the traction member within the sole (16) also provide different benefits to the traction member within different regions. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 33a, in Zone G (the impact pad) of the heel area, the horizontal sidewalls of the traction member help prevent the golfer from slipping when he or she is walking down a golf slope or simply walking on- or off-course. In FIG. 33b, the vertical sidewalls of Zones A, C, E and F also help stabilize the foot against the significant horizontal pressures and forces (illustrated by the directional arrows in FIG. 33b) exerted against the foot, particularly during the golf backswing (upswing). In FIG. 33c, the horizontal sidewalls of zone D help provide good traction and prevent slippage, especially when the golfer is walking up a golf slope or simply walking on- or off-course. A golfer wearing the shoe can comfortably walk and play the course. The shoe (10) has high forefoot flexibility, but does not sacrifice stability, traction, and other important properties. Finally, referring to FIG. 33d, the opposing vertical sidewalls of zones A, C, E, and F help stabilize the foot, especially against the significant horizontal pressures and forces (illustrated by the directional arrows in FIG. 33d) exerted on the foot during a golf downswing. Zones A, C, E, and F are golf-specific zones that provide support and stability to the side of the foot to prevent the golfer from slipping during a golf swing. A golfer needs a stable platform to maintain his/her balance when performing the swing motion. At the same time, a golfer wearing the shoe can comfortably walk and play the course. The shoes are lightweight and comfortable and can be easily worn while walking and during other activities. One can easily and comfortably wear the shoes off the golf course. The shoes have high flexibility, but do not sacrifice stability, traction, and other important characteristics. As mentioned above, the Horizontal Contact Area Ratio (HCAR) is optimized in certain sole traction zones for walking on hard, flat surfaces, especially "off-course" surfaces, such as boat decks, polished concrete and marble floors, painted surfaces of sidewalks, etc. In the remaining sole traction zones, the HCAR is managed and adjusted so that the maximum Vertical Contact Area Ratio (VCAR) can be achieved for a given HCAR.

The shoe of the present invention has an optimal combination of structural rigidity and flexibility. The unique geometry, materials and construction of the upper (12), midsole (14) and outsole (16) including the traction member provide the golfer with a multi-surface (MST) shoe. The shoe of the present invention achieves high traction on hard, particularly hard, wet and smooth "off-course" surfaces. The shoe also provides high traction on a variety of natural grass surfaces, particularly golf course or "on-course" surfaces.

Sole with heel

Referring now to FIGS. 34-36 , as described above, the sole (16) generally includes a forefoot region (80) for supporting a forefoot region; a midfoot region (82) for supporting a midfoot including an arch region; and a rear region (84) for supporting a rearfoot including a heel region. Generally, the forefoot region (80) includes a portion of the sole corresponding to the joint connecting the toes and the metatarsals to the phalanges. The midfoot region (82) generally includes a portion of the sole corresponding to the arch region of the foot. The rearfoot region (84) generally includes a portion of the sole corresponding to the rear portion of the foot including the calcaneus. The forefoot region (80) and the rear region (84) include a tile structure (154) as described above, while the midfoot region includes a heel step region (300). The tile structure (154) illustrated in FIGS. 34-36 is provided as described with respect to FIGS. 18-33D . Alternatively, it will be appreciated that the traction member may also be provided as previously described and illustrated in FIGS. 1-17. In the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 34-36, the heel step region (300) is provided so as to slope upward from the outermost portion of the tile structure where the tile structure (154) contacts the ground and extends away from it from the forefoot region (80) through the midfoot region (82) to the rear region (84). As is known in the art, the heel step region (300) typically slopes to a maximum height (301) of from about 5 mm to about 20 mm, preferably from 8 to 17 mm. It will be appreciated that the heel step region (300) does not contact the ground and has any tile structure (154). Typically, such a heel step region (300) is provided in golf shoes having a more traditional, classic dress design for the upper.

In the embodiments of FIGS. 34 to 37, the tile structure (154) positioned on the sole (16) includes a first protruding traction member (302b); an opposing second protruding traction member (302a); and a non-protruding base segment (window) (303) positioned between the first and second traction members (302b, 302a). As previously described, the traction members of the present embodiment may have various sizes, shapes, and/or material properties. In the present embodiment, preferably, the first traction member (302b) may be made of a relatively hard first thermoplastic polyurethane composition having a hardness greater than 80 Shore A; and the second traction member (302a) may be made of a relatively soft second thermoplastic polyurethane composition having a hardness of 80 Shore A or less. These first and second traction members (302b, 302a) can be manufactured from commercially available polyurethane compositions, such as, for example, Estane® TRX thermoplastic polyurethane available from Lubrizol Corporation. Additionally, as previously described, the traction members (302b, 302a) can also have various dimensions. In this embodiment, the length (height) of the relatively hard traction member (302b) and the length (height) of the relatively soft traction member (302a) are substantially equal. For example, the heights of the relatively hard and soft traction members can range from about 2 mm to about 6 mm. Preferably, the heights of the relatively hard and soft traction members can range from about 2.5 mm to about 4.5 mm.

Sole with heel having spikes

Referring now to FIGS. 37-42c, the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 34-36 have a sole (16) including spike receptacles (306) for receiving spikes (308). FIGS. 37 and 38 illustrate the arrangement of the spike receptacles (306) on the sole (16). Typically, five spike receptacles (306) are arranged within the forefoot region (80) and four spike receptacles (306) are arranged within the hindfoot region (84). However, it will be appreciated that any number or arrangement of spike receptacles (306) may be used. The spike receptacles (306) are molded and attached to the sole (16). The spikes (308) are secured to the sole (16) and are readily removable therefrom. As is known in the art, the spike (308) may be inserted and secured to the spike receptacle (306) by slight twisting in a clockwise direction and removed by slight twisting in a counterclockwise direction. Referring now to FIGS. 39-41, the spike (308) is shown secured to a spike receptacle (306) provided in the sole (16). It will be appreciated that any spike suitable for use in golf may be attached to the spike receptacle. Typically, the spike (308) will have a rounded base (310) having radial arms (312) having traction projections (314) that contact the ground.

Referring now to FIGS. 42A through 42C , the placement of the tile structure (154), specifically the hard traction member (302b) and the soft traction member (302a), and the spike (308) relative to the base segment (303) is illustrated. FIG. 42A illustrates the midsole (14) and the outsole (16) having the tile structure (154) and the spike (308) without any load applied thereon by a golfer. As illustrated, the height of the relatively hard traction member (302b) is greater than the height of the relatively soft traction member (302a) by an offset (316). For example, the height of the relatively hard traction member (302b) can range from about 2 mm to about 6 mm; and the height of the relatively soft traction member (302a) can range from about 1.75 mm to about 5.75 mm. Preferably, the offset (316) between the heights of the traction members is in the range of about 0 mm to about 6 mm. More preferably, the offset (316) between the heights of the hard and soft traction members is in the range of about 0.25 mm to 1 mm. FIG. 42b illustrates the sole (16) with the tile structure (154) and the spikes (308) relative to the ground (g) without any load or pressure applied thereto. FIG. 42c illustrates the sole (16) with the spikes (308) and the tile structure (154) relative to the ground (g) with a load applied to the sole, such as when a golfer places his or her body weight on the sole (16). When a load is applied to the sole (16), the spikes (308) flex and expand outwardly, causing the radial arms (312) to move outward and upwardly. At the same time, the harder traction member (302b) penetrates the ground (g) more than the softer traction member (302a) or spike (308). In this way, the harder traction member (302b) contacts the ground and penetrates grass and soil more easily. Meanwhile, the relatively soft traction member (302a) contacts the ground, compresses more easily, and helps provide some flexibility to the shoe. Therefore, such a sole structure combining both the tile structure (154) and the spike (308) is particularly effective for on-course use.

Spiked and spikeless soles with multi-surface traction absence

As discussed above, there is a need to provide a sole structure which can achieve high traction on hard, particularly hard, wet and smooth surfaces such as boat decks, polished concrete and marble floors, painted surfaces of India, etc. These surfaces may be referred to as "off-course" surfaces. At the same time, there is a need for a sole structure which provides high traction on various natural grass surfaces, particularly golf courses. Such shoes may be referred to as "on-course" surfaces. The present invention provides such a multi-surface traction (MST) sole structure.

Referring now to FIGS. 43 through 48, the sole (16) generally includes a forefoot region (80) for supporting a forefoot region; a midfoot region (82) for supporting a midfoot including an arch region; and a rearfoot region (84) for supporting a rearfoot including a heel region. Generally, the forefoot region (80) includes a portion of the sole corresponding to the joint connecting the toes and metatarsals to the phalanges. The midfoot region (82) generally includes a portion of the sole corresponding to the arch region of the foot. The rearfoot region (84) generally includes a portion of the sole corresponding to the rear portion of the foot including the calcaneus. The sole also includes a lateral surface (86) and a medial surface (88). The lateral surface (86) and the medial surface (88) extend through each of the foot regions (80, 82, 84) and correspond to opposite sides of the sole. The lateral surface or edge (86) of the sole is a side corresponding to an outer region of the wearer's foot. The lateral edge (86) is generally the side of the wearer's foot that is furthest from the wearer's other foot (i.e., the side closer to the fifth toe [little toe]). The medial side or edge (88) of the sole is the side corresponding to the inner area of the wearer's foot. The medial edge (88) is generally the side of the wearer's foot that is closest to the wearer's other foot (i.e., the side closer to the hallux [big toe]). The sole (16) may be spiked or spikeless, as further described below.

As previously described, the sole (16) may have different traction members to optimize the sole for on-course and/or off-course wear. For example, different traction members may be used depending on whether the shoe is intended primarily for hard or soft surfaces. For example, one set of traction members is described above and illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 8-11A. In FIGS. 17A and 17B, another set of traction members is illustrated. Referring to FIGS. 24 , 28-30 , and 33A-33D , in another example of a spikeless sole, there is a tile segment (154) positioned on the sole (16), the segment comprising a first protruding traction member (162b); an opposing second protruding traction member (162a); and a non-protruding base segment (window) (163) disposed between the first and second traction members (162b, 162a).

However, in all of these sole configurations, the sole generally has a tread pattern as described above, and in particular: a) a forefoot region comprising first, second (intermediate) and third zones of tiles having traction members; b) a midfoot region comprising zones of tiles having traction members; and c) a rearfoot region comprising first, second (intermediate) and third zones of tiles having traction members. That is, the type of traction members in the sole are different; but the geometry of the traction members is similar to the non-channeled pattern described above. This pattern provides a shoe with high traction per volume of traction members and minimal turf-penetrating characteristics for the amount of traction provided.

Spikeless sole

In FIG. 43, the spikeless sole (320) does not include any spikes; rather, there are only traction members, generally indicated by reference numeral (335), which are described in more detail below. The sole (16) generally includes: a) a forefoot region including first, second (intermediate), and third sections of tiles having traction members; b) a midfoot region including sections of tiles having traction members; and c) a rearfoot region including first, second (intermediate), and third sections of tiles having traction members. As described above, the traction members (335) are arranged in an eccentric configuration, with each adjacent traction member (335) positioned at a different radius from a given center of rotation. This results in improved traction for the shoe on all surfaces - no channeling and little or no turf wobble for a given amount of traction. This geometric configuration of the traction member helps to provide a shoe with high traction per unit volume of traction member and minimal turf erosion characteristics for the amount of traction provided.

In FIGS. 43-48, the sole (16) includes different zones of tile (330). Each zone includes a different traction member for gripping both the golf course surface and the off-golf course surface. The tile segments (330) for the traction members (335) have a similar structure to the tile structures illustrated in FIGS. 29 and 30, except that there is no window (163) positioned between the first and second traction members (334, 336). Rather, in the tile segments (330) of FIGS. 43-48, there is a non-protruding base segment (333) positioned between the first and second traction members (334, 336).

As previously described, in FIGS. 29 and 30, the midsole (14), which may be made of a relatively soft material, such as ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), is shown through the window (163). The exposed midsole area forms the window (163) between the traction elements. However, in the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 43-48, there is no window and no EVA or other midsole material is visible. Rather, the tile segment (330) is a single, integral structure having the protruding first and second traction members (334, 336) and a base segment (333) that covers the midsole (14) so that the midsole is not visible. The spikeless sole structure (320) having the tile segment (330) extends across the midsole and there is no EVA or other midsole material visible through the window. The base segment (333) can have a V-shaped notch cross section as shown in FIGS. 44-44b and FIGS. 46-46b, or a U-shaped notch cross section as shown in FIGS. 47-47b, or any other suitable shape. The V- and U-shaped notches provide a point of inflection between the two traction members (334, 336). In FIGS. 44-44b and FIGS. 46-46b and FIGS. 47-47b, the base segment (333) is flat and has a channel or grooved region having a V-shaped and U-shaped cross section. The base segment (333) can have any suitable shape, such as, for example, a rectangular, triangular, square, diamond, rod-shaped, etc. Referring to FIGS. 45 through 45b, in an alternative embodiment, the tile fragment (330) is a single integral fragment having a single protruding traction member (337).

The single tile segments (330) and the traction members (334, 336, 337) can be made of any suitable material, such as rubber or plastic, and combinations thereof. Thermoplastics such as nylon, polyester, polyolefin, and polyurethane can be used. Suitable rubber materials that can be used include, but are not limited to, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, ethylene-propylene rubber (“EPR”), ethylene-propylene-diene (“EPDM”) rubber, and styrene-butadiene rubber. Preferably, the single tile segments (330) and the protruding traction members (334, 336, 337) are made of a rubber material that provides good grip. The rubber maximizes the grip on a particular surface and causes less damage to that surface for a given amount of traction. The aforementioned traction members (334, 336, 337) are particularly effective in providing maximum contact with the ground to help prevent a person from slipping and losing their balance when walking or swinging a golf club. These traction members (334, 336, 337) also have high turf grip strength and help provide stability and support. These traction members (334, 336, 337) provide high grip action for shoes intended for off-course surfaces such as, for example, golf clubhouses, sidewalks, streets, offices, and homes. The traction members (334, 336, 337) can have various sizes and shapes as will be further described below.

For example, the first traction member (334) can be manufactured from a relatively hard composition; and the second traction member (336) can be manufactured from a relatively soft composition. By varying the hardness of the different traction members (334, 336), each traction member can be tuned to respond differently when it comes into contact with the ground. The traction members (334) are configured to deform differently when pressed against the ground. For example, one traction member can have an optimal relatively low hardness, which is optimal for maximizing traction on hard, wet surfaces; and the second traction member can have a relatively high hardness, which is optimal for maximizing traction with soft, natural grasses.

The traction members (334, 336) may also have various dimensions. For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 44-47b, the length (height) of the first traction member (334) and the length (height) of the second traction member (336) are substantially the same. For example, the height of the traction members (334, 336) may range from about 1 mm to about 6 mm. As discussed above, the base segment (333) may have a V-shaped notch cross-section. In FIGS. 44-44b, the depth of the channel (333) is from about 1.5 mm to about 2.5 mm; and in FIGS. 46-46b, the depth of the channel (333) is from about 5.0 to about 5.5 mm. In FIGS. 47 to 47b, the base segment (333) is illustrated as having a U-shaped cross-section, and the depth of the channel (333) is about 2 mm to about 3 mm. Typically, the depth of the channel (333) is in the range of about 0.5 mm to about 5.5 mm.

In a second embodiment, the height of the first traction member (334) and the height of the second traction member (336) are different. By varying the length (height) of the different traction members (334, 336), each traction member can be adjusted to penetrate the ground to different depths when in contact with the ground. For example, in one embodiment, the first traction member (334) can have a relatively larger height that is optimized to penetrate the ground deeply. Meanwhile, the second traction member (336) can have a relatively smaller height that is optimized to ride on the surface or penetrate the ground to a shallow degree.

In one preferred embodiment, as illustrated in FIGS. 44-44b and FIGS. 46-46b and FIGS. 47-47b, the first traction member (334) has three side walls having inclined surfaces and a triangular flat top surface forming a ground contact surface. The second traction member (336) also has three side walls having inclined surfaces and a triangular flat top surface. In an alternative embodiment, the triangular top surface may have a concave region. As described above, the traction tile segment (330) further includes a base segment (333) disposed between the first and second traction members (334, 336). The total ground contact surface area is preferably in the range of about 5 to about 80 percent of the total surface area of the traction tile segment (330). That is, the first and second traction members (334, 336) contact the ground such that the total contact surface area is preferably in the range of about 5 to about 100% of the total surface area of the tile. The base segment (333) of the traction tile segment (330) positioned between the first and second traction members can typically constitute about 1% to about 70% of the tile. In FIGS. 45-45B, the single protruding traction member (337) also has three side walls with sloped surfaces and a triangular flat upper surface forming the contact surface. In an alternative embodiment, the triangular upper surface of the traction member (337) can have a concave region. In the example illustrated in FIGS. 45-45B, the single protruding traction member (337) has a total contact surface area of 100% of the total surface area of the tile.

The traction members of the above-described shapes (Figs. 44 to 44b, Figs. 45 to 45b, Figs. 46 to 46b and Figs. 47 to 47b) can be used in different combinations to provide optimal traction depending on the surface. That is, the traction members can be selected from the group consisting of traction members having the structures shown in Figs. 44 to 44b, Figs. 45 to 45b, Figs. 46 to 46b and Figs. 47 to 47b and combinations thereof. Furthermore, these traction members (Figs. 44 to 44b, Figs. 45 to 45b, Figs. 46 to 46b and Figs. 47 to 47b) can be used in combination with traction members of different shapes, as will be described in more detail below.

Referring again to FIG. 8, the forefoot region (80) of the sole comprises a first (outer) region (96) of the tile comprising a protruding traction member (98) extending along an periphery of the forefoot region; a third (inner) region (100) of the tile comprising a protruding traction member (102) extending along an opposing periphery of the forefoot region; and a second (middle) region (104) of the tile comprising a protruding traction member (106) positioned between the first region and the third region.

As illustrated in FIGS. 43 and 48, the traction members (335) preferably have the same geometric configuration as illustrated in FIG. 8, with the traction members (335) being arranged in an eccentric configuration and each adjacent traction member being positioned at a different radius from a given center of rotation. In particular, the traction members (334, 336, 337) are preferably positioned in the third (medial) region of the forefoot region (80). The remaining traction members (335) in other regions of the sole as illustrated in FIGS. 43 and 48 may have different structures. For example, these traction members (335) may have traction structures as illustrated in FIGS. 9, 9a, 10, 10a, 11, and 11a described above. In particular, for example, the traction members may have a three-sided pyramidal shape having three inclined faces extending from a pyramidal base and having an apex. Accordingly, in one preferred embodiment, the traction members (334, 336, 337) are positioned in the third medial region of the forefoot area and traction members having different shapes are positioned in other regions of the sole. In the present example, the traction members (334, 336, 337) of the aforementioned shapes are combined with traction members (335) of the differently shaped shapes to form a complete traction profile of the sole. In the present example, the sole (16) includes a combination of the traction members (334, 336, 337) of the aforementioned shapes and traction members of the differently shaped shapes.

These traction members (335) can have different shapes to provide optimal traction given the number of traction members. That is, the sole can include a wide range of traction members so that the grip on a particular surface is maximized and that minimal damage to that surface is done for a given amount of traction. The traction members can have a number of different shapes, including, but not limited to, circular, rectangular, triangular, square, spherical, oval, star, diamond, pyramid, arrow, cone, blade, and rod-shaped. Additionally, the height and area of the traction members and the volume of the traction members per given tile on the sole can be adjusted as needed.

In other embodiments, the traction members (334, 336, 337) are located in addition to or in other areas or regions of the forefoot region (80). That is, the traction members (334, 336, 337) may be located in any region of the sole, particularly the forefoot region, the midfoot region, and/or the rearfoot region. Additionally, the other traction members (335) positioned on the sole may have different shapes to provide optimal traction given the number of traction members. That is, the sole may include a wide range of traction members so as to maximize grip on a particular surface and cause minimal damage to that surface for a given amount of traction. The traction members may have a number of different shapes, including, but not limited to, circular, rectangular, triangular, square, spherical, oval, star, diamond, pyramid, arrow, cone, blade, and rod-shaped. Additionally, the height and area of the traction member and the volume of the traction member per given tile can be adjusted as needed.

Spike sole

In an alternative embodiment, a "spike-type" or "cleat-type" sole (340) is manufactured. As illustrated in FIG. 48, the sole (340) includes both a spike receptacle (306) for a spike (308) as well as a traction member, generally indicated by the reference numeral (335). This type of sole having both a protruding spike (308) and a traction member (335) is considered a spike-type sole (340).

Most golf courses require golfers to use non-metallic spikes on their shoes. The bottom surface (27) of the sole (340) includes a molded receptacle (socket) (306) for securing the spike (308) to the shoe. Plastic spikes (308) are commonly used and typically have a round base (310) with a central stud on one side. On the other side of the round base (310) is a radial arm (312) having a traction projection (314). Threads are spaced around the stud on the spike (308) for insertion into the threaded receptacle (306). These plastic spikes (308), which can be easily engaged and later removed from the locking receptacle (306), tend to cause less damage to green and clubhouse floor surfaces than metal spikes.

The spike (308) is preferably removably fastened to a receptacle (306) within the sole (16). The spike (308) can be easily inserted and removed from the receptacle (306). Typically, the spike (308) may be secured to the receptacle (306) by twisting slightly in a clockwise direction after insertion. To remove the spike (308) from the receptacle (306), the spike may be twisted slightly in a counterclockwise direction.

With respect to the traction members (335) extending between the spikes (308) on the spiked sole (340), these traction members preferably have the same structure as the traction members found on the spikeless sole (320) as described above. In particular, the traction members (335) may have a structure as illustrated in FIGS. 44 to 44b to 47 to 47b. The bottom surface of the spiked sole (340) and the traction members (335) may be made of any suitable material, such as rubber or plastic, and combinations thereof. The spikes (308) are preferably made of a plastic material. Thermoplastic materials such as nylon, polyester, polyolefin, and polyurethane may be used. Suitable rubber materials that may be used include, but are not limited to, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, ethylene-propylene rubber (“EPR”), ethylene-propylene-diene (“EPDM”) rubber, and styrene-butadiene rubber. Preferably, the tile segments (330) and the protruding traction members (334, 336) are made of a rubber material that provides good grip.

In FIG. 48, an example of a spiked sole (340) that may be manufactured in accordance with the present invention is illustrated. The example sole (340) includes a total of six (6) spikes, as indicated by (308), locked into spike receptacles (306); there are four spikes in the forefoot region (80) and two spikes in the hindfoot region (84). It should be understood that the spiked sole (340) illustrated in FIG. 48 is merely one embodiment and that the present invention is not limited to this example sole. The sole (16) may include any number of spikes (308), and the spikes may be arranged in a wide variety of patterns. For example, referring again to FIGS. 37-42c, the sole may include a total of nine (9) spikes locked into spike receptacles; The forefoot region (80) has five spikes and the hindfoot region (84) has four spikes. Preferably, the spiked sole (340) includes at least three spikes (308) that are locked into spike receptacles. Preferably, the spiked sole (340) includes a total number of spikes (308) ranging from five (5) to nine (9) spikes. These spike receptacles (306) and spikes (308) may be arranged in various patterns in the forefoot, midfoot and/or hindfoot regions.

Sole with multi-surface traction elements using different zones and materials

As discussed above, there is a need to provide a sole structure which can achieve high traction on hard, particularly hard, wet and smooth surfaces such as boat decks, polished concrete and marble floors, painted surfaces of India, etc. These surfaces may be referred to as "off-course" surfaces. At the same time, there is a need for a sole structure which provides high traction on various natural grass surfaces, particularly golf courses. These surfaces are referred to as "on-course" surfaces. The present invention provides such a multi-surface traction (MST) sole structure.

Referring now to FIGS. 49-50b, the sole (16) generally includes a forefoot region (80) for supporting a forefoot region; a midfoot region (82) for supporting a midfoot including an arch region; and a rearfoot region (84) for supporting a rearfoot including a heel region. Generally, the forefoot region (80) includes a portion of the sole corresponding to the joint connecting the toes and metatarsals to the phalanges. The midfoot region (82) generally includes a portion of the sole corresponding to the arch region of the foot. The rearfoot region (84) generally includes a portion of the sole corresponding to the rear portion of the foot including the calcaneus. The sole also includes a lateral surface (86) and a medial surface (88). The lateral surfaces (86) and medial surfaces (88) extend through each of the foot regions (80, 82, 84) and correspond to opposite sides of the sole. The outer side or edge (86) of the sole is the side corresponding to the outer area of the wearer's foot. The outer edge (86) is the side of the wearer's foot that is generally furthest from the wearer's other foot. That is, it is the side closer to the fifth toe or little toe. The medial side or edge (88) of the sole is the side corresponding to the inner area of the wearer's foot. The medial edge (88) is the side of the wearer's foot that is generally closest to the wearer's other foot. That is, it is the side closer to the thumb or big toe. The sole (16) may be spiked or spikeless, as further described below.

As described above, the sole (16) may have different traction members to optimize the sole for on-course and/or off-course wear. For example, different traction members may be used depending on whether the shoe is intended primarily for hard or soft surfaces. For example, one set of traction members is described and illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 8-11A , and another set of traction members is illustrated in FIGS. 17A and 17B . Referring to FIGS. 24 , 28-30 , 33A-33D and 43-48 described above, in another example of a spikeless sole, there is a tile segment (154) positioned on the sole (16), the segment comprising a first protruding traction member (162b); an opposing second protruding traction member (162a); and a non-protruding base segment (window) (163) disposed between the first and second traction members (162b, 162a). As described above, the traction members are arranged in an eccentric configuration, with each adjacent traction member being positioned at a different radius from a given center of rotation. This results in improved traction for the shoe on all surfaces - no channeling and little or no turfgrass for a given amount of traction. This geometric configuration of the traction members helps to provide a shoe having high traction per volume of traction member and minimal turfgrass for a given amount of traction.

In FIGS. 49 and 50b, the sole (16) includes four different zones of tiles (350, 352, 354, 356). Each zone includes a traction member (358) for gripping both the on-course and off-course surfaces. While four zones are shown, it will be appreciated that more than two zones may be provided on the sole (16). The tile segments (360) for the traction members (358) have a similar structure to the tile structures shown in FIGS. 8 through 11a above. As shown in FIGS. 49 through 50b, a single tile segment (360) is positioned in four zones (350, 352, 354, 356). A first region (350) is provided extending from the toes through the forefoot region (80) of the lateral surface (86) to the midfoot region (82), and a second region (352) is provided extending from the midfoot region (82) of the medial surface (88) to the rearfoot region (84) of the medial surface (88). These two regions (350, 352) preferably have similar hardness values. They may be made of the same material, for example, preferably a harder, stiffer rubber for on-course use. A third region (354) is provided extending from the forefoot region (80) of the medial surface (88) to the midfoot region (82). A fourth region (356) is provided extending from the rearfoot region (84) of the lateral surface (86) through the heel. Preferably, the third and fourth regions (354, 356) have similar hardness values. These may be manufactured from the same material, preferably a softer grippier rubber for off-course use, for example. It will be appreciated that each of the zones (350, 352, 354, 356) may be manufactured from a different material falling within a range of hardnesses for on-course or off-course designation for that zone. Additionally, each of the zones (350, 352, 354, 356) may be comprised of a single piece of material or multiple pieces of material, for example each tile may be comprised from individual pieces of material. It will also be appreciated that the zones may have colors that indicate whether they are a harder, stiffer material or a softer, grippier material, or that each is comprised of a different material.

As discussed above with respect to FIGS. 29-30, the midsole (14) may be manufactured from a relatively soft material, such as ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). As illustrated in FIGS. 49-50b, the midsole (14) includes a longitudinal curvature groove (362) separating at least a portion of the outer surface (86) and the inner surface (88) of the sole (16). It will be appreciated that the midsole (14) may be manufactured from two or more materials having different densities. The exposed portions of the forefoot region (80), the midfoot region (82), and the rearfoot region (84) of the midsole (14) form a longitudinal curvature groove (362) between the outer surface (86) regions of the tiles (350, 352) and the inner surface (88) regions of the tiles (354, 356). In the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 49-50b, there is no window (163) within the tile segment (360) and the EVA or other midsole material is not visible within the tile segment (358). Rather, the tile segment (360) is a single integral structure having a single traction member (358). The spikeless outsole structure (348) having the tile segment (360) extends across the midsole (14) and the EVA or other midsole material is visible through the longitudinal flex groove (362) and the midfoot region (82).

Preferably, the longitudinal bend groove (362) has a length (L _lfg ) of about 35% to 95% of the length (L _o ) of the sole, more preferably about 60 to 80% of the length (Lo) of the sole. The longitudinal bend groove (362) has a maximum width (w _max ) and a minimum width (w _min ). As illustrated, the minimum width (w _min ) is at the ends (364, 366) of the longitudinal bend groove (362), and the maximum width (w _max ) is at a central midfoot region (82) of the longitudinal bend groove (362). It will be appreciated that the longitudinal bend groove (362) may have a substantially constant width along its length, or alternatively, the longitudinal bend groove (362) may have a maximum width (w _max ) at one or more of its ends and a minimum width (w _min ) at a central midfoot region (82) of the longitudinal bend groove (362). Alternatively, the longitudinal bend groove (362) may increase or decrease in width from the rearfoot region (84) to the forefoot region (80) of the sole (16). Preferably, as illustrated in FIG. 51 , the maximum width (w _max ) is at least 2 mm, and more preferably about 15% to 30% of the overall sole width (w _sole ). Preferably, the longitudinal bend groove (362) does not protrude from the sole (16) toward the ground. As illustrated, in FIG. 51, preferably, the longitudinal bend groove (362) has a maximum height (H _{lfg max} ) of about 15% to 45% of the thickness (T _midsole ) of the midsole (14). The height (H _{lfg max} ) may be at least about 1/4 of the maximum width (w _max ) of the longitudinal bend groove (362). The maximum height (H _{lfg max} ) is at least 2 mm and up to about 90% of the thickness (T midsole) of the midsole (14). It will be appreciated that the height may vary over the length (L _lfg ) of the longitudinal bend groove (362) along the sole (16), particularly with respect to the thickness (T _midsole ) of the midsole. For example, the longitudinal bend groove (362) may have a greater height when the midsole (14) has a greater thickness, and may have a lesser height when the midsole has a lesser thickness.

As illustrated in FIGS. 51 and 52a through 52e, the longitudinal bend groove (362) has a cross-sectional shape. Preferably, as illustrated in FIG. 51, the longitudinal bend groove (362) has a substantially C-shaped cross-section. However, it will be appreciated that the cross-section may be U- or V-shaped, or may have vertical sidewalls, or may have any other suitable cross-sectional shape as illustrated in FIGS. 52a through 52e. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 52d, the longitudinal bend groove (362) has a width (w _max ) of up to about 80% of the overall sole width (w _sole ) and a maximum height (H _{lfg max} ) of at least about 3 mm. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 52e, the longitudinal bend groove (362) has a width (w _max ) of at least about 2 mm, but a maximum height (H _{lfg max} ) of up to about 80% of the thickness (T _midsole ) of the midsole (14).

Additionally, it will be appreciated that the longitudinal bend groove (362) is not perfectly straight, but rather curves toward the medial surface (88) of the sole (16) at an angle (β) of about 5 to 20 degrees, more preferably about 7 to 15 degrees as it approaches the thumb (big toe), when viewed longitudinally from the heel to the toes, for example in FIGS. 50A to 50B. Additionally, as illustrated in FIGS. 49 to 50B, the longitudinal bend groove (362) has a peripheral portion (368), which peripheral portion (368) can have a uniform thickness around the longitudinal bend groove (362) and can include a beveled edge, as illustrated. The longitudinal flex groove (362) will allow the sole (16) to flex about the longitudinal flex groove (362) so that the outer surface (86) of the sole can remain in contact with the ground longer during the golfer's swing, thereby providing greater stability and power during the golfer's golf swing to be transferred to the golf ball during shot taking.

As shown in FIGS. 49 and 50A, the traction members (358) preferably have the same geometric configuration as shown in FIG. 8, with the traction members arranged in an eccentric configuration such that each adjacent traction member is positioned at a different radius from a given center of rotation. It will be appreciated that the traction members (358) may have different structures. For example, the traction members (358) may have a traction structure as shown in FIGS. 9, 9A, 10, 10A, 11, and 11A described above. In particular, for example, the traction members may have a three-sided pyramidal shape having three inclined faces extending from a pyramidal base and having an apex as described above. Alternatively, the traction members (358) may have a traction structure as shown in FIGS. 19-23, 29-30, and 44-47B described above, or other suitable structures. The total contact area is preferably in the range of about 5 to about 100 percent of the total surface area of the traction tile segments (360). Furthermore, it will be appreciated that the sole (16) may be combined with spikes as described above. The traction members may have different shapes to provide optimum traction given the number of traction members. That is, the sole may include a wide range of traction members so as to maximize grip on a particular surface and cause minimal damage to that surface for a given amount of traction. The traction members may have a number of different shapes, including, but not limited to, annular, rectangular, triangular, square, spherical, oval, star, diamond, pyramid, arrow, cone, blade, and rod-shaped. Additionally, the sizes of the traction members may vary. Additionally, the height and area of the traction members and the volume of the traction members per given tile on the sole may be adjusted as needed.

The regions (350, 352, 354, 356) can be made of any suitable material, such as rubber or plastic and combinations thereof. Thermoplastics such as nylon, polyester, polyolefin and polyurethane can be used. Suitable rubber materials that can be used include, but are not limited to, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, ethylene-propylene rubber ("EPR"), ethylene-propylene-diene ("EPDM") rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber. Preferably, the regions (350, 352, 354, 356) are made of a rubber material that provides good grip. The rubber maximizes the grip on a particular surface and causes less damage to that surface for a given amount of traction. The traction member (358) described above is particularly effective in providing maximum contact with the ground to help prevent a person from slipping and losing balance when walking or swinging a golf club. These traction members (358) also have high turf grip strength and help provide stability and support. These traction members (358) provide high grip action for shoes intended for off-course surfaces such as golf clubhouses, sidewalks, streets, offices and homes, for example.

As described above, the zones (350, 352, 354, 356) illustrated in FIG. 50b may comprise different materials. For example, preferably, the first and second zones (350, 352) may be manufactured from a relatively harder, stiffer composition for the on-course surface; and the third and fourth zones (354, 356) may be manufactured from a relatively softer, adhesive composition for the off-course surface. Preferably, the first and second zones are tuned for the on-course surface, and the third and fourth zones are tuned for the off-course surface. It will be appreciated that by varying the hardness values of the different zones (350, 352, 354, 356), each zone may be tuned to respond differently upon contact with the ground. The zones (350, 352, 354, 356) are configured to deform differently when pressed against the ground. For example, one zone may have a relatively low hardness value that is optimal for maximizing traction on hard, wet surfaces and may be better for walking or off-course activities; another zone may have a relatively high hardness value that is optimal for maximizing traction on soft, natural grass and may be better for shot taking or on-course activities. The material used in the on-course zone will typically have a higher hardness range of about 60 to 80 Shore A. The material used in the off-course zone will typically have a lower hardness range of about 50 to 70 Shore A. Preferably, the harder, stiffer material has a hardness range of about 65 to 75 Shore A, and the softer, sticky material has a hardness range of about 55 to 65 Shore A. More preferably, the harder, stiffer material has a hardness in the range of about 67 to 73 Shore A and the softer, adhesive material has a hardness in the range of about 57 to 63 Shore A. Preferably, the harder zone material differs in hardness from the softer zone material by at least 3 Shore A, more preferably by at least 5 Shore A, and even more preferably by at least 8 Shore A. In an embodiment more commonly used for on-course use, the on-course zone (350, 352) will have a hardness of about 70 to 80 Shore A and the off-course zone (354, 356) will have a hardness of about 60 to 70 Shore A. In another embodiment, which is more commonly used for general off-course use, the on-course zones (350, 352) would have a hardness of about 60 to 70 Shore A and the off-course zones (354, 356) would have a hardness of about 50 to 60 Shore A.

It will be appreciated that the boundaries and areas of the zones (350, 352, 354, 356) may be varied to cover different portions of the sole to achieve different results for on-course and off-course properties. For example, it will be appreciated that the boundary (370) between the first and third zones of the toe forefoot region extending from the edge of the sole (16) to the longitudinal flex groove (362) may be varied in location or shape, or that the boundary (372) between the second and fourth zones of the heel hindfoot region extending from the edge of the sole (16) to the longitudinal flex groove (362) may be varied in location and shape. It will also be appreciated that there may be no gap (374) in the midfoot region (82) between the zones (350, 354) of the forefoot region (80) and the zones (352, 354) of the hindfoot region (84), and that they may be directly adjacent to one another. Additionally, the type of traction members (358) within each zone may be different to change the on-course and off-course properties for the zone, or alternatively, the zones may include different multi-surface traction members (358) within the zone as described above. Also, it will be appreciated that the length (height) of the traction members (358) as illustrated are substantially the same. However, it will be appreciated that the length (height) of the traction members (358) may be different in different zones as described above. For example, the height of the traction members may range from about 1 mm to about 6 mm. Alternatively, the length (height) of the traction members (358) may be different within the same zone. By varying the length (height) of the different zones or traction members, each zone or traction member may be adjusted to penetrate to different depths when in contact with the ground. For example, in one embodiment, the first and fourth zones (350, 356) on the outer surface (86) may have relatively larger heights that are optimized to penetrate deeply into the ground. Meanwhile, the third and second zones (354, 352) on the inner surface (88) may have relatively smaller heights that are optimized to ride on the surface or penetrate the ground to a shallow degree.

Golf course grass

One problem with conventional golf shoes is that they can cause damage to the grass on a golf course, especially on putting greens. There are many different grasses used across a golf course, depending on the course area, such as the tee box, fairway, rough, or putting green. Additionally, different grasses are used based on factors such as geographic region, climate, availability of water and irrigation systems, and soil type. For example, many northern golf courses use bentgrass on putting greens, and many southern golf courses use Bermuda grass on putting greens. Some older courses use ryegrass or poa anna (annual bluegrass) on their greens. All grasses are generally strong and can withstand some foot traffic; however, some conventional golf shoes are more likely to damage the grass on a golf course. Mass damage is a particular problem on putting greens.

Typically, golf shoe spikes can be made of metal or plastic materials. However, one problem with metal spikes is that they are typically elongated segments with a downwardly extending sharp point that can cut through the ground and tear turf grass. These metal spikes can leave spike holes or other marks on putting greens. These metal spikes can also cause damage to other surfaces on the golf course, such as carpets and floors in clubhouses. Most golf courses now require golfers to use non-metal spikes. Plastic spikes typically have a rounded base and a central stud on one side. On the other side of the rounded base are radial arms with traction projections for contact with the ground. Threads are spaced around the studs on the spikes to be inserted into threaded receptacles on the sole of the shoe. These plastic spikes, which can be easily attached and later removed from the locking receptacles on the sole, cause less damage to turf grass and the surfaces of putting greens and clubhouse floors. Additionally, many conventional shoes with these replaceable plastic cleats have a very aggressive design. These cleats have long protruding arms and teeth that can penetrate into the ground and potentially damage the crown and root network of the grass.

Typically, grass growth originates from the crown of the grass. The crown grows at ground level where the grass shoots out and the roots meet. New grass leaves continue to grow to replace the fallen blades, and this growth begins in the crown. The roots provide nutrients to the crown and anchor the grass. The root network can be complex, with many roots tending to extend horizontally. When the cleats of some conventional golf shoes first penetrate the soil, the cleats damage the crown portion. As the cleats penetrate deeper into the soil, they rupture the roots. This cutting and shearing action damages the root structure. The roots are pulled in different directions. If the crown and root damage is severe enough, the grass will die.

The sole structure of the present invention includes a traction member that provides good traction on various grasses of a golf course. At the same time, the traction member of the present invention tends to penetrate the ground to a relatively shallow extent. The traction member of the present invention does not damage the grass to the point where they would completely destroy the structure of the plant. The sole structure and traction member of the present invention may be considered "green-friendly" due to their non-marring characteristics on putting greens.

Upper and midsole structures

Referring again to FIG. 31, the present embodiment of the shoe includes an upper portion and a sole portion, together with a midsole connecting the upper to the sole. The midsole is joined to the upper and the sole as described in more detail below.

The upper (235) has a conventional shape and is made of standard upper materials such as, for example, natural leather, synthetic leather, non-woven materials, natural fabrics, and synthetic fabrics. For example, breathable mesh, and synthetic textile fabrics made from nylon, polyester, polyolefin, polyurethane, rubber, and combinations thereof may be used. The materials used to form the upper are selected based on desired properties such as breathability, durability, flexibility, and comfort. In a preferred example, the upper is made of a soft breathable leather material having water-resistant properties. The upper materials are sewn or bonded together using conventional manufacturing methods to form the upper structure.

As illustrated in FIG. 31, the upper (225) generally includes a footbed area (226) having an opening (228) for inserting a foot. The upper preferably includes a soft molded foam heel collar (230) for enhanced comfort and fit. An optional ghillie strip (not shown) may be wrapped around the heel collar. The upper includes a forefoot (232) for covering the forefoot of the foot. The footbed area includes a tongue member (233) that rests over the sidewall section of the upper. The upper portion of the tongue (233) may include an optional ghillie strip (234). Typically, laces (235) are used to tighten the shoe around the contour of the foot. However, other tightening systems may be used, including metal cable (lace) tightening assemblies including dials, spools, and locking mechanisms for locking the housing and cable in place. Such shoelace tightening assemblies are available from Boa Technology, Inc., Denver, CO 80216. It should be understood that the upper illustrated in FIG. 31 is merely one example of an upper design that may be used in the shoe construction of the present invention and that other upper designs may be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

When numerical lower limits and numerical upper limits are set forth in this specification, it is contemplated that any combination of these values may be used. Except in the operating examples, or unless otherwise explicitly stated, all numerical ranges, amounts, values, and percentages in the specification, such as those relating to amounts of materials, are to be read as if they were preceded by the word "about," even if the term "about" may not explicitly appear in the value, amount, or range. Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present invention.

Additionally, the terms "first", "second", "third", "upper", "lower", "top", "lower", "bottom", "downward", "upward", "right", "left", "middle", "proximal", "distal", "lateral", "central", "anterior", "posterior", etc. are arbitrary terms used to refer to one position of an element based on one viewpoint and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

It is to be understood that the shoe materials, designs and structures described and exemplified herein represent only some embodiments of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and additions may be made to the materials, designs and structures without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. All such embodiments are intended to be covered by the appended claims.

Claims (20)

These are golf shoes,
Upper,
Sole, and
A midsole connected to the upper and the sole - the upper, midsole and sole each having forefoot, midfoot and rearfoot regions and a lateral and medial surface;
The floor is,
A first set of spiral paths (A) - each spiral path having an origin and a plurality of spiral segments radiating from the origin, each segment having a different degree of curvature and including sub-segments - and,
A second set of helical paths (B) - each helical path having an origin and a plurality of helical segments radiating from the origin, each segment having a different degree of curvature and including sub-segments -;
The first set of spiral paths (A) are regular and the second set of spiral paths (B) are inverses of the first set of spiral paths, so that when the spiral paths overlap each other, the sub-segments of the spiral segments from the set (A) and the sub-segments of the spiral segments from the set (B) form four-sided tile segments on the surface of the sole, the tile segments including traction members, and the plurality of tile segments including first protruding traction members,
The sole is provided with four zones, namely a first lateral forefoot area zone, a second medial rearfoot area zone, a third medial forefoot area zone, and a fourth lateral rearfoot area zone, wherein the first, second, third and fourth zones have at least two different hardness values,
Golf shoes in which the first and second zones have a hardness value greater than that of the third and fourth zones. In the first paragraph,
A golf shoe wherein the first and second zones have substantially the same hardness values, and the third and fourth zones have substantially the same hardness values. delete In the first paragraph,
A golf shoe wherein zones 1 and 3 have a hardness value that differs from zones 2 and 4 by at least 5 Shore A. In the first paragraph,
Golf shoes with zone 1 and zone 2 hardness values of 65 to 75 Shore A. In the first paragraph,
Golf shoes with zone 3 and 4 hardness values between 55 and 65 Shore A. In the first paragraph,
A golf shoe in which zones 1, 2, 3 and 4 have substantially different hardness values. In Article 7,
Golf shoes wherein the hardness values of Zones 1, 2, 3 and 4 each differ by at least 3 Shore A. In Article 8,
Golf shoes in which zones 1 and 2 have greater hardness values than zones 3 and 4. In the first paragraph,
A golf shoe comprising a midsole, wherein a longitudinal bending groove is provided longitudinally from approximately a forefoot region to a rearfoot region to at least partially separate the medial and lateral surfaces of the sole. In Article 10,
A golf shoe in which the longitudinal flex groove is substantially centered in the sole and curves in the forefoot area toward the medial side of the sole. In Article 10,
A golf shoe in which the longitudinal groove extends from 35 to 95 percent of the length of the sole. In Article 12,
A golf shoe wherein the longitudinal flex groove extends 60 to 80% along the length of the sole. In Article 10,
A golf shoe having a longitudinal bend groove having a width of at least 2 mm. In Article 14,
A golf shoe in which the longitudinal groove has a width less than 80% of the width of the sole. In Article 10,
Golf shoes having longitudinal bend grooves having a depth of at least 2 mm. In Article 10,
A golf shoe having a maximum depth-to-width ratio of the longitudinal grooves of at least 1/4. In Article 10,
A golf shoe with a longitudinal bending groove having a C-shaped cross-sectional shape. In Article 10,
A golf shoe with a longitudinal bending groove having a U-shaped cross-sectional shape. In Article 10,
A golf shoe with a longitudinal bend groove having a V-shaped cross-sectional shape.

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