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KR20040001727A - Computer system - Google Patents

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Publication number
KR20040001727A
KR20040001727A KR1020020037042A KR20020037042A KR20040001727A KR 20040001727 A KR20040001727 A KR 20040001727A KR 1020020037042 A KR1020020037042 A KR 1020020037042A KR 20020037042 A KR20020037042 A KR 20020037042A KR 20040001727 A KR20040001727 A KR 20040001727A
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
power
standby power
switch
standby
power supply
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KR1020020037042A
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Korean (ko)
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이승복
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삼성전자주식회사
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Priority to KR1020020037042A priority Critical patent/KR20040001727A/en
Publication of KR20040001727A publication Critical patent/KR20040001727A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G06F1/32Means for saving power
    • G06F1/3203Power management, i.e. event-based initiation of a power-saving mode
    • G06F1/3234Power saving characterised by the action undertaken
    • G06F1/3296Power saving characterised by the action undertaken by lowering the supply or operating voltage
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D10/00Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Sources (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE: A computer system is provided to minimize the power consumption by intercepting the standby power supplied to the system when a state of a power switch is turned off. CONSTITUTION: The computer system includes a main power switch(1), a standby power supply(7), and a standby power controller(5). The standby power supply is connected to the AC power by converting the AC power into DC voltages, and keeps the system on an operation standby state by supplying the standby power to a main board when the main power switch is turned off. The standby power controller cuts off the power supplied to the system from the standby power supply after passing a constant time from a point when the main power switch is turned off, and supplies the standby power again when the standby power re-supply switch(3) is selected.

Description

컴퓨터시스템{computer system}Computer system

본 발명은 컴퓨터시스템에 관한 것으로서, 보다 상세하게는 대기전원을 차단할 수 있는 컴퓨터시스템에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a computer system, and more particularly to a computer system capable of shutting off standby power.

컴퓨터시스템은 중앙처리장치와 칩셋이 마련되는 메인보드와, 메인보드 및 메인보드 연결되는 각종 비디오카드 및 사운드카드와 각종 저장장치에 전원을 공급하는 전원공급장치(SMPS)를 포함한다. 전원공급장치는 상용교류전원을 인가받아 상이한 복수의 직류전압레벨(1.5V, 3.3V, 5V, 12V 등)로 변환한다.The computer system includes a main board provided with a central processing unit and a chipset, a power supply unit (SMPS) for supplying power to various video cards and sound cards and various storage devices connected to the main board and the main board. The power supply is supplied with a commercial AC power source and converted to a plurality of different DC voltage levels (1.5V, 3.3V, 5V, 12V, etc.).

컴퓨터의 사용으로 인해 소비전력을 많아지면서, 컴퓨터시스템의 전원소비를 감소시키기 위한 방법으로, 일정시간 동안 입력장치로부터 데이터의 입력이 없는 경우에는 디스플레이장치의 디스플레이동작을 정지시키고, 일정 시간동안 하드디스크의 드라이브의 엑세스가 발생하지 않는 경우 하드디스크의 드라이브 동작을 정지시키는 것 등을 통해 컴퓨터시스템의 전원소비를 최소화하는 전원관리기능이 컴퓨터에 적용되어왔다.As a method of reducing power consumption of a computer system while increasing power consumption due to the use of a computer, if there is no data input from an input device for a predetermined time, the display operation of the display device is stopped and the hard disk for a predetermined time. The power management function has been applied to the computer to minimize the power consumption of the computer system by stopping the drive of the hard disk when the drive of the drive does not occur.

전원관리 기능을 갖는 컴퓨터시스템의 전원공급장치는 메인전원(main power)과 대기전원(standby power)으로 분리된 전원공급구조를 갖는 ATX 규격(ATX specification)을 지원한다. ATX규격을 지원하는 전원공급장치는 외부 AC전원이 인가되고 전원스위치가 오프된 상태에서는 항상 대기전원(5Vsb)을 메인보드에 출력한다. 그리고, 전원스위치가 온되었을 때, 메인전원으로서, 도 5에 도시된 바와 같이, 복수의 전압 및 제어신호출력핀이 설정된 커넥터를 통해 5V, 12V 등의 전압을 저장장치 및 비디오카드와 같은 각종 구동장치에 공급한다.A power supply of a computer system having a power management function supports an ATX specification having a power supply structure separated into main power and standby power. Power supply that supports ATX standard always outputs standby power (5Vsb) to the motherboard when external AC power is applied and the power switch is off. When the power switch is turned on, as a main power source, as shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of voltages such as 5V and 12V are driven through a connector in which a plurality of voltages and control signal output pins are set. Supply to the device.

그런데, 종래의 컴퓨터시스템은, 전원스위치가 오프된 상태에서도 시스템에 대기전원이 공급되므로 불필요한 전력이 소모되며, 전력소모를 완전히 차단하기 위해서는 AC Chord를 제거해야 하는 불편함이 있다.However, in the conventional computer system, since standby power is supplied to the system even when the power switch is turned off, unnecessary power is consumed, and it is inconvenient to remove the AC chord in order to completely block power consumption.

따라서, 본 발명의 목적은, 전원스위치가 오프된 상태에서 시스템으로 공급되는 대기전원을 차단하여 전력소모를 극소화할 수 있는 컴퓨터시스템을 제공하는 것이다.Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a computer system capable of minimizing power consumption by shutting off standby power supplied to the system when the power switch is turned off.

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 컴퓨터시스템의 제어블록도,1 is a control block diagram of a computer system according to the present invention;

도 2는 도 1의 전원제어부의 내부의 회로도,FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the inside of the power control unit of FIG. 1;

도 3은 도 2의 전원제어부내의 각 출력단의 신호상태도,3 is a signal state diagram of each output terminal in the power supply control unit of FIG.

도 4는 도 1의 메인보드와 전원제어부를 연결하는 전원커넥터의 핀설정도,4 is a pin configuration diagram of a power connector connecting the main board and the power control unit of FIG.

도 5는 종래의 전원커넥터의 핀설정도이다.5 is a pin diagram of a conventional power connector.

* 도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명* Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings

1 : 전원스위치 3 : 대기전원재공급스위치1: power switch 3: standby power supply switch

5 : 대기전원제어부 7 : 대기전원공급부5: standby power control unit 7: standby power supply unit

8 : 시스템전원공급부 10 : 전원공급부8: system power supply 10: power supply

11 : CMOS밧데리 13 : npn트랜지스터11: CMOS battery 13: npn transistor

15 : 앤드게이트 16 : 칩셋15: ANDGATE 16: Chipset

17 : 타이머 18 : 전원커넥터접속부17 Timer 18 Power connector

상기 목적은, 본 발명에 따라, 전원스위치와, 상기 전원스위치의 온시 시스템구동전원을 공급하는 시스템전원공급부와, 상기 전원스위치의 오프시 대기전원을 공급하는 대기전원공급부를 갖는 컴퓨터시스템에 있어서, 대기전원재공급스위치와,상기 전원스위치가 오프된 후 소정 시간 경과 후 대기전원의 공급을 차단하고 상기 대기전원재공급스위치의 온시 상기 대기전원이 재공급되도록 상기 대기전원공급부를 제어하는 대기전원제어부를 포함하는 것에 의해 달성된다.According to the present invention, there is provided a computer system having a power switch, a system power supply for supplying a system driving power when the power switch is on, and a standby power supply for supplying standby power when the power switch is off. Standby power supply switch, and Standby power control unit for controlling the standby power supply to block the supply of standby power after a predetermined time after the power switch is turned off and the standby power is supplied again when the standby power resupply switch on Is achieved.

여기서, 상기 대기전원제어부는, 상기 전원스위치가 오프된 시점에서 소정 설정시간 후 대기전원차단신호를 출력하는 대기전원차단신호발생부와, 상기 대기전원재공급스위치의 선택신호와 상기 대기전원차단신호를 논리곱하는 논리소자와, 상기 논리소자의 출력신호를 상기 대기전원공급부로 제공하기 위한 전원핀이 마련된 전원커넥터를 포함하는 것이 바람직하다.The standby power control unit may include a standby power cutoff signal generator for outputting a standby power cutoff signal after a predetermined time at a time when the power switch is turned off, a selection signal of the standby power resupply switch, and the standby power cutoff signal. And a power connector provided with a logic element to be ANDed and a power pin for providing an output signal of the logic element to the standby power supply.

상기 대기전원재공급스위치는 트랜지스터와 저항을 포함하며, CMOS밧데리의 전원에 의해 구동되도록 하여 대기전원이 오프된 상태에서도 CMOS밧데리에 의해 대기전원재공급스위치가 동작가능하게 된다.The standby power resupply switch includes a transistor and a resistor. The standby power resupply switch is driven by the power of the CMOS battery so that the standby power resupply switch can be operated by the CMOS battery even when the standby power is turned off.

상기 대기전원차단신호발생부는 메인보드의 칩셋 내부에 마련되는 타이머이며, 상기 타이머는 상기 전원스위치의 오프시에 카운트를 개시하는 것이 바람직하다.The standby power cutoff signal generating unit is a timer provided in the chipset of the main board, and the timer preferably starts counting when the power switch is turned off.

이하에서는 첨부도면을 참조하여 본 발명에 대해 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 컴퓨터시스템의 간략한 제어블록도이다. 도면에 도시된 바와 같이, 컴퓨터시스템은 주전원스위치(1)와, AC전원으로부터의 상용교류전원을 직류전원을 상이한 복수의 직류전압(1.5, 3.3V, 5V, 12V 등)으로 변환하여 AC전원이 연결되고 주전원스위치(1)가 오프된 상태일 때 메인보드(미도시)에 대기전원(5Vsb)을 공급하여 시스템을 동작대기상태로 유지하는 대기전원공급부(7)와, 주전원스위치(1)가 오프된 시점에서 소정 시간 경과 후 대기전원공급부(7)에서 시스템으로 공급되는 전원을 차단하고 대기전원재공급스위치(1)가 선택되었을 때 대기전원을 재공급하도록 제어하는 대기전원제어부(5)를 포함한다.1 is a simplified control block diagram of a computer system according to the present invention. As shown in the figure, the computer system converts a DC power supply into a plurality of different DC voltages (1.5, 3.3V, 5V, 12V, etc.) by converting the main power switch 1 and the commercial AC power supply from the AC power supply. When the main power switch 1 is turned off and the main power switch 1 is turned off, the standby power supply unit 7 for supplying standby power (5 Vsb) to the main board (not shown) to maintain the system in the standby state, and the main power switch 1 A standby power control unit 5 for controlling a power supply to the system from the standby power supply unit 7 after a predetermined time elapses from being turned off, and controlling the standby power supply to be supplied again when the standby power resupply switch 1 is selected; do.

도 2는 도 1의 대기전원제어부의 상세회로도이고, 도 3은 각 신호출력단의 신호상태도이고, 도 4는 전원커넥터(18)의 핀설정도이다. 도 2에 도시된 바와 같이, 대기전원제어부(5)는 CMOS밧데리(11)의 전원에 의해 구동되는 대기전원재공급스위치(3)와, 칩셋(16)내에 마련되어 대기전원차단신호를 발생하는 타이머(17)와, 대기전원재공급스위치(3)와 타이머(17)의 출력신호를 논리곱하는 앤드게이트(15)와, 앤드게이트(15)의 출력신호를 수령하여 대기전원공급부(7)에 제공하는 전원커넥터(18)로 구성된다.2 is a detailed circuit diagram of the standby power control unit of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a signal state diagram of each signal output terminal, and FIG. 4 is a pin setting diagram of the power connector 18. As shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the standby power control unit 5 includes a standby power supply switch 3 driven by the power of the CMOS battery 11 and a timer provided in the chipset 16 to generate a standby power cutoff signal ( 17), an AND gate 15 that logically multiplies the output signals of the standby power supply switch 3 and the timer 17, and a power source that receives the output signals of the AND gate 15 and provides them to the standby power supply unit 7; It consists of a connector 18.

여기서, 대기전원공급부(7)는 도 2에 개시된 바와 같이, 전원공급부(10)내에마련되며, 전원공급부(10)는 전원스위치(1)의 온시 시스템에 시스템전원을 공급하는 시스템전원공급부(8)를 갖는다. 전원공급부(10)내에는 대기전원공급부(7)와 연결된 스위칭부(미도시)가 마련되며, 스위칭부는 앤드게이트(15)의 출력신호에 따라 대기전원공급부(7)를 온오프시킨다.Here, the standby power supply 7 is provided in the power supply 10, as shown in FIG. 2, the power supply 10 is a system power supply 8 for supplying system power to the system when the power switch (1) on Has In the power supply unit 10, a switching unit (not shown) connected to the standby power supply unit 7 is provided, and the switching unit turns on and off the standby power supply unit 7 according to the output signal of the end gate 15.

본 발명에 따라, 전원커넥터(18)는 ATX메인보드의 전원커넥터(18)의 스펙에 따른 종래의 20핀을 갖는 커넥터에 추가로 별도의 핀을 더 갖도록 구성한 것이다. 따라서, 앤드게이트(15)의 출력단은 메인보드상에 마련되는 전원커넥터접속부의 21번째 핀과 연결되어, 앤드게이트(15)의 출력신호가 전원공급부(10)내에 마련된 대기전원공급부(7)를 온시키거나 오프시키게 된다.According to the present invention, the power connector 18 is configured to have a separate pin in addition to the connector having a conventional 20 pin according to the specification of the power connector 18 of the ATX main board. Accordingly, the output terminal of the AND gate 15 is connected to the 21st pin of the power connector connecting portion provided on the main board, and the output signal of the AND gate 15 is connected to the standby power supply 7 provided in the power supply 10. It can be turned on or off.

대기전원재공급스위치(3)는 바람직하게는 컴퓨터본체 전면에 마련되며, 컴퓨터본체내에서는 npn트랜지스터(13)와 연결된다. npn트랜지스터(13)의 컬렉터단은 저항(12)을 통해 CMOS밧데리(11)와 연결되어 하이신호를 출력하며, 대기전원재공급스위치(3)의 가압시 npn트랜지스터(13)가 턴온됨에 따라 컬렉터단에서 로우신호가 출력된다.The standby power resupply switch 3 is preferably provided in front of the computer main body, and is connected to the npn transistor 13 in the computer main body. The collector stage of the npn transistor 13 is connected to the CMOS battery 11 through a resistor 12 to output a high signal. As the npn transistor 13 is turned on when the standby power supply switch 3 is pressed, the collector stage is turned on. The low signal is output from.

타이머(17)는 메인보드에 장착되는 칩셋(16)내에 마련된 것을 이용하는 것이 바람직하며, 전원스위치(1)가 오프된 상태에서도 칩셋(16)내로 공급되는 대기전원에 의해 동작된다. 타이머(17)는 주전원스위치(1)의 오프신호를 수령하여 카운트를 개시하며, 주전원스위치(1)가 오프된 후 로우신호를 출력하다가 설정된 시간이 경과되면 하이신호를 출력한다. 이때, 앤드게이트(15)는 대기전원재공급스위치(3) 및 타이머(17)의 출력신호를 논리곱하여 하이신호를 출력하고, 하이신호에 의해 대기전원공급부(7)의 구동이 오프된다. 이에 따라, 대기전원공급부(7)로부터 메인보드로 대기전원이 공급되지 아니하므로 전력소모가 없게 된다.It is preferable to use the timer 17 provided in the chipset 16 mounted on the main board, and the timer 17 is operated by the standby power supplied into the chipset 16 even when the power switch 1 is turned off. The timer 17 receives the OFF signal of the main power switch 1 and starts counting. The timer 17 outputs a low signal after the main power switch 1 is turned off, and then outputs a high signal when the set time elapses. At this time, the AND gate 15 logically multiplies the output signals of the standby power supply switch 3 and the timer 17 to output a high signal, and the driving of the standby power supply 7 is turned off by the high signal. Accordingly, since standby power is not supplied from the standby power supply unit 7 to the main board, there is no power consumption.

이후에, 컴퓨터시스템을 사용하고자 할 때, 대기전원재공급스위치(3)를 선택하면, 대기전원재공급스위치(3)에 연결된 npn트랜지스터(13)의 출력단에서 로우신호가 출력되고, 타이머(17)의 출력신호는 하이신호이므로, 로우신호와 하이신호를 입력신호로 논리곱한 앤드게이트(15)의 출력신호는 로우신호가 된다. 로우신호가 도 4에 도시된 바와 같이 설정된 전원커넥터(18)의 21번째 핀을 통해 대기전원공급부(7)로 공급되면 대기전원공급부(7)가 다시 구동되어, 메인보드로 대기전원이 재공급된다. 이후에, 주전원스위치(1)를 가압하여 시스템전원공급부(8)로부터 각종 하드웨어장치에 전원이 공급되어 시스템을 부팅시킬 수 있게 된다.Subsequently, when the computer system is to be used, when the standby power supply switch 3 is selected, a low signal is output from the output terminal of the npn transistor 13 connected to the standby power supply switch 3, and the timer 17 Since the output signal is a high signal, the output signal of the AND gate 15 obtained by logically multiplying the low signal and the high signal by the input signal becomes a low signal. When the low signal is supplied to the standby power supply unit 7 through the 21st pin of the power connector 18 set as shown in FIG. 4, the standby power supply unit 7 is driven again, and standby power is supplied to the main board again. do. Thereafter, the main power switch 1 is pressed to supply power to various hardware devices from the system power supply unit 8 to boot the system.

상술한 내용에 따라 타이머(17)의 출력신호와 대기전원재공급스위치(5)의 신호상태에 따른 앤드게이트(15)의 출력신호의 상태와, 대기전원공급부(7)의 동작상태를 표로 도시하면 도 3에 도시된 바와 같다.According to the above description, the output signal of the timer 17 and the output signal of the AND gate 15 according to the signal status of the standby power resupply switch 5 and the operation state of the standby power supply unit 7 are shown in a table. As shown in FIG.

전술한 실시 예에서의 대기전원차단회로도의 구성이외에도 설정 시간 후에 대기전원공급부가 온오프되도록 동작하는 회로를 다양하게 구현할 수 있다.In addition to the configuration of the standby power cut-off circuit diagram in the above-described embodiment, various circuits may be implemented to operate the standby power supply on and off after a set time.

이러한 구성에 의하여, 주전원스위치의 오프된 후 자동으로 대기전원(5Vsb)이 차단되도록 함으로써 시스템에서의 전력소모가 거의 없게 되며, 메인보드상에서의 전력소모를 차단하기 위해 AC Chord를 제거해야 하는 번거로움이 해소된다.By this configuration, the standby power (5Vsb) is automatically cut off after the main power switch is turned off, so there is little power consumption in the system, and the trouble of removing the AC chord to cut off the power consumption on the motherboard. This is solved.

이상 설명한 바와 같이, 본 발명에 따르면, 전원스위치가 오프된 상태에서시스템으로 공급되는 대기전원을 차단하여 전력소모를 극소화할 수 있는 컴퓨터시스템이 제공된다.As described above, according to the present invention, there is provided a computer system capable of minimizing power consumption by shutting off standby power supplied to the system when the power switch is turned off.

Claims (4)

전원스위치와, 상기 전원스위치의 온시 시스템구동전원을 공급하는 시스템전원공급부와, 상기 전원스위치의 오프시 대기전원을 공급하는 대기전원공급부를 갖는 컴퓨터시스템에 있어서,A computer system having a power switch, a system power supply for supplying system driving power when the power switch is on, and a standby power supply for supplying standby power when the power switch is off, 대기전원재공급스위치와,Standby power supply switch, 상기 전원스위치가 오프된 후 소정 시간 경과 후 대기전원의 공급을 차단하고 상기 대기전원재공급스위치의 온시 상기 대기전원이 재공급되도록 상기 대기전원공급부를 제어하는 대기전원제어부를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 컴퓨터시스템.And a standby power control unit which blocks the supply of standby power after a predetermined time after the power switch is turned off and controls the standby power supply unit to supply the standby power again when the standby power resupply switch is turned on. system. 제1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 상기 대기전원제어부는,The standby power control unit, 상기 전원스위치가 오프된 시점에서 소정 설정시간 후 대기전원차단신호를 출력하는 대기전원차단신호발생부와,A standby power cutoff signal generator for outputting a standby power cutoff signal after a predetermined time when the power switch is turned off; 상기 대기전원재공급스위치의 선택신호와 상기 대기전원차단신호를 논리곱하는 논리소자와,A logic element for logically multiplying a selection signal of the standby power resupply switch and the standby power cutoff signal; 상기 논리소자의 출력신호를 상기 대기전원공급부로 제공하기 위한 전원핀이 마련된 전원커넥터를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 컴퓨터시스템.And a power connector provided with a power pin for providing an output signal of the logic element to the standby power supply unit. 제1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 상기 대기전원재공급스위치는 트랜지스터와 저항을 포함하며, CMOS밧데리의 전원에 의해 구동되는 것을 특징으로 하는 컴퓨터시스템.And the standby power resupply switch comprises a transistor and a resistor, the standby power resupply switch being driven by a power source of a CMOS battery. 제2항에 있어서,The method of claim 2, 상기 대기전원차단신호발생부는 메인보드의 칩셋 내부에 마련되는 타이머이며, 상기 타이머는 상기 전원스위치의 오프시에 카운트를 개시하는 것을 특징으로 하는 컴퓨터시스템.And the standby power cutoff signal generator is a timer provided in a chipset of a main board, and the timer starts counting when the power switch is turned off.
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010087855A1 (en) * 2009-01-30 2010-08-05 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Computer system powered-off state auxiliary power rail control
CN101751100B (en) * 2008-11-28 2011-08-24 英业达股份有限公司 computer system
KR101481743B1 (en) * 2013-12-10 2015-01-12 박광무 Power supply of standby powerless using computer
US10444909B2 (en) 2011-04-26 2019-10-15 Sentons Inc. Using multiple signals to detect touch input

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101751100B (en) * 2008-11-28 2011-08-24 英业达股份有限公司 computer system
WO2010087855A1 (en) * 2009-01-30 2010-08-05 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Computer system powered-off state auxiliary power rail control
CN102301301A (en) * 2009-01-30 2011-12-28 惠普开发有限公司 Computer System Powered-off State Auxiliary Power Rail Control
US8661278B2 (en) 2009-01-30 2014-02-25 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Computer system powered-off state auxiliary power rail control
US10444909B2 (en) 2011-04-26 2019-10-15 Sentons Inc. Using multiple signals to detect touch input
KR101481743B1 (en) * 2013-12-10 2015-01-12 박광무 Power supply of standby powerless using computer

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