KR20010086768A - The learning method about the phonetic transcription of American English(AHD) for Ural-Altaic peoples - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of learning about American English phonetic notation for the Ural-Altaic language, which is a conversation with Americans, especially when the Ural-Altaic language is studied American English by changing the phonetic notation to AHD notation and learning AHD pronunciation. Is to ensure that it is accurate and smooth.

In order to overcome the above-mentioned problems, the present invention, in particular, the American English notation system for the Ural-Altaic language is an American English phonetic notation form AHD (AHD; The American Heritage Dictionary) system for the phonetic notation of all English words; The present invention provides an American English phonetic notation method for the Ural-Altaic group comprising the step of learning the sound of the AHD English phonetic notation.

The present invention can learn American English more accurately by learning a book in which the English word is made with the AHD system when the Ural Al Thai learn English, so that Americans are written in English during conversations with Americans and Ural Al Thais. This can eliminate problems such as not being able to understand when the Ural-Altaic family speaks.

Description

The learning method about the phonetic transcription of American English (AHD) for Ural-Altaic peoples}

The present invention relates to a learning method for the American English phonetic notation for the Ural al-Thai, which makes it possible for the Ural-Altaic to naturally hear and speak when talking with an American.

Currently, Korean, Japanese, Chinese, Taiwanese, and other Ural-Altaic languages use English and phonetic transcription of the English phonemes, established by the International Linguistics Association in 1888. It is used in Asian countries such as Korea, Japan, China and Taiwan according to Alphabet.

However, this IPA method does not match the pronunciation of the Urals and Thais, including Koreans, and the pronunciation of the dictionary (English-Korean Dictionary, English-English Dictionary, etc.) to be read. There were many problems because Americans did not understand what they were saying and did not understand what they were saying.

"People" aren't completely different.

Let's look at "people" this time. people is pronounced in English-Korean dictionary by people [p : pl], so Korean naturally pronounces "Pipul". Similarly, people who know a little English should know how to pronounce Pepe, but the pronunciation law doesn't work. If you look for it in the AHD dictionary, it is pronounced as "pepper" or "pepper" as people [ppl]. In pronunciation, "Pepple" and "Pepper" are completely different.

Therefore, the correct pronunciation of orange is "er ~ inju" which has a strong stress on the first syllable. Anyone who pronounces a Korean-English dictionary will pronounce "O-Rin-Rat". If you pronounce "Orin-Rat", Americans will not understand it. If you describe this "Orin-Rat" as orange, you will be laughed or teased. .

This problem arises from the fact that the United States or the United Kingdom, which speaks English as a native language, publishes various books and learning materials on English without a deep understanding of the languages of third countries. Phonetic transcription has to be solved by each country using English and its corresponding language.

In other words, the idea that all languages can be used in the same IPA pronunciation system without considering whether or not English and third-language languages are similar to each other is considered properly. It is a setting of a wrong system that ignores a truth.

Under these circumstances, in learning a language, it is not considered whether or not the language of English and the third country has similarities, nor is it verified. I'm not interested in this, and what Americans and English speakers say is because the tongue naturally goes to the articulation of the pronunciation. It is not of interest, and in addition, where is the language of a third country compared to English?

In addition, since native speakers do not use phonetic symbols of phonetic marks and English phonetic notations serve as bridges to pronounce phonetic notations in third countries, the difficulty of acquiring them is solved by countries in third countries. It should be.

However, among the countries of the third countries, even among the world's largest economies, the level of English, for example, ranks 120th in Korea in the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOFL) among 150 countries. China, 130th in Japan, 110th in China, and 90th in Taiwan, because these four countries use the same Ural-Altire. At the end of the twentieth century, the imperialism of the United Kingdom or the United States gave way to colonial states, and the conditions for acquiring English naturally, not academically, were given to Korea, Japan, China, and Taiwan. Because they did not receive, no naturally occurring conditions were given.

For this reason, countries such as Korea, Japan, China, and Taiwan introduced English into the United States or the United Kingdom without natural understanding of the similarities between English and their own languages. As they are urgent to spread the word as it is, there is a gap between the academic system of English and the real life of adapting such English to the language of their own country, and linguists of each country develop a theory against English-speaking countries even if they feel such a gap. I could not.

For this reason, modern English is a situation where net work is being used in real time in real life developed by real time, rather than fragmentary interpretation-oriented English in the past. Thus, the IPA speech system, a system adopted and used by British linguists in the past 112 years ago (1888), did not fit with real life.

Even if there is no similarity between the academic system and the third-language phonetic pronunciation, if we continue to insist on the pronunciation of the IPA system, the form of English acquisition of the Ural-Altai will remain at the bottom of the world forever.

In this way, the English phonetic notation form of the IPA system used by the conventional Ural-Altaic people does not understand what they say when they talk with Americans after they learn English, and they do not understand what they say. Was a problem.

An object of the present invention is to discard the phonetic representation of the IPA system, which is a model set by the existing American and American scholars, and the Korean pronunciation belonging to the Ural-Altaic language, especially the Ural-Altaic language such as American English. The AHD phonetic system was found to be very similar to the English language, and the expression system was changed to the English phonetic system exemplified in the AHD phone system (The American Heritage Dictionary, called "AHD"). It is to speak and listen to American English well.

Figure 1 shows the difference between the phonetic representation of AHD and IPA English consonants related to the present invention

Reference

Figure 2 is a reference diagram showing a voice diagram of the new AHD English consonants according to the present invention

Figure 3 shows the articulation of the AHD vowel and Hangul vowels associated with the present invention

Reference diagram

4 is AHD English vowels and IPA and other American English voice table related to the present invention

Comparison table about flag

5 is AHD English consonant and IPA and other American English phonetic voice associated with the present invention

Comparison table about flag

According to the present invention, the English voice representation of the Ural-Altaic language is similar to that of Koreans who are Ural-Altaic-like. There is a feature of the American English phonetic representation method for the Ural-Altaic, characterized in that it comprises a step of speech representation with the AHD English consonant voice diagram, and learning the growing sound together with the new AHD English consonant speech notation. .

Another feature of the present invention is that the articulation position / articulation method / voiced voice chart of the AHD English consonant voice chart in the order of the sequential sound / installation sound / oral opening sound / research sound [hw, th, th, sh, zh, ch, j, y , ng] by using the new AHD English Consonant Phonetic Chart, which is presented as a new notation method, so that the phonetic symbols can be learned more accurately without mutual confusion.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the specific features of the present invention will be understood.

First, before understanding the present invention, the difference between AHD pronunciation and IPA pronunciation will be described below.

In other words, these differences are described at the beginning of the "The American Heritage Dictionary-Second College Edition" dictionary.

Pronunciation key

The system of indicating pronunciations in the Dictionary is explained

in the section headed "Pronunciation" in the "Guide to the Dictionary." The column below headed AHD represents the pronunciation key used in the Dictionary. The right-hand column, labeled IPA, contains symbols from the International Phonetic Alphabet, widely used by scholars. The two systems donot precisely correspond, because they were differently conceived for somewhat different purposes.

"Pronouns"

The phonetic system referred to in this dictionary is mentioned in the chapter entitled "Pronunciation" in the dictionary's guide. Below, labeled AHD, is the phonetic symbol used in this dictionary. The word IPA in the right column of AHD is a phonetic symbol from the international phonetic alphabet widely used by scholars. These two systems are not exactly matched because they are generated differently for quite different purposes.

Here, the AHD consonants and vowel pronunciations and the IPA consonants and vowel pronunciations do not coincide with each other, and in particular, it can be seen that many of the vowels do not coincide.

On the other hand, the voice diagram of the AHD English consonants and the AHD vowel pronunciation and the Korean vowel articulation of the first modified by the present invention are shown as shown in Figs.

In addition, () in FIG. 2 has shown the form previously indicated by the AHD English consonant voice chart.

First, consonants are sounds that are restricted by the flow of air by pronunciation organs such as tongue, teeth, mouth, lips, etc., and pronounced consonants and vibrations of the vocal cords. It is divided into Voiceless Consonant.

For example,

Voiced consonants: [b, d, g, v, th , z, zh, j, m, n, ng, l, r, y, w, h]

Unvoiced consonants: [p, t, k, f, th, s, sh, ch, hw].

Moreover, according to articulation position, it classifies as follows.

(1) Bilabial: [p, b, m, hw, w]

The lower lip is the articulator (movable part) and the upper lip is the articulation point (immovable part).

(2) Labio-dental: [f, v]

The lower lip becomes the articulator and laughter becomes the articulation point.

(3) Apico-dental: [th, th ]

The tip of the tongue becomes the articulator, and the laughter is the articulation point.

(4) Apico-alveolar: [t, d, s, z, n, l,]

The tip of the tongue becomes the articulator, and the alveolar (the hard part of the two upper incisors)

A sound that is pronounced as an articulation point.

(5) Oral opening (Lingua-Palatal): [sh, zh, r, y, ch, j,]

The palate is the articulation point.

(6) Lingua-velar: [k, g, ng]

It is the sound that is articulated in the innermost part of the palate and is soft

It is the sound of the nose that is mixed with the nose because it is connected to the gate.

(7) Glottal: [h]

The vocal cords are the articulator and articulation points.

3, the vowel refers to (1) voiced sound, (2) sound, (3) the flow of air in the oral cavity passes through the center of the tongue without being blocked or caused friction, and (4) syllable This is the main sound. The articulation of the vowels is as follows.

That is, in FIG. 3, the AHD vowel pronunciation and the Korean vowel articulation position are marked on the Bronstein vowel diagram simplified by expressing the articulation position in the mouth of the American vowel voice notation.

In this vowel, there are tension and relaxation vowels, and the tension vowels are articulated by the position of the tongue rather than the relaxation vowels, so the vowels in the Tense column in the above diagram are generally the tension collection, and the lax The vowels of are loose vowels. Relaxing vowels are articulated and relaxed by the tongue, and articulated slightly into the mouth rather than the articulation of the tension vowels.

On the other hand, AHD pronunciation and IPA pronunciation / other American pronunciations are shown as shown in Figures 4 and 5 compared with each other.

Here, among the 25 pronunciations, 9 of the pronunciations we knew before are used differently in the IPA, and the pronunciation in () is IPA, so the American pronunciation and AHD pronunciation outside () are the same, and the IPA pronunciation symbol in () is the same pronunciation. All.

Other pronunciation symbols can be found, and the same American and AHD pronunciations are labeled as one.

The 25 consonants are also described, along with AHD and IPA pronunciations, and () are IPA pronunciations.

Consonants: th, th = th , sh, zh, wh = hw, y, ng, ch, j (9 consonants with different AHD and IPA notations)

Example th = th (ð)

American noun = AHD noun (IPA noun)

Vowel : show ee = (i)

American noun = AHD noun (IPA noun)

Likewise, it describes 24 vowels, including 18 vowels and 6 diphthongs. Here, we can see that the symbols of the vowels vary greatly between AHD and IPA. There are also places and many phonetic symbols that look similar.

Of the 18 vowels shown here 17 are distinguished from AHD pronunciation because they are completely different from the known IPA pronunciation.

In addition, there are currently 12 types of phonetic transcriptions (Ladefoged, Kenyon & Knott, Trager & Smith, Prator & Robinet, Daniel Jones, Webster's, Ward, Gerhard, Pike, Fries, IPA, AHD). But for Koreans, the only way to correct English pronunciation is to pronounce AHD, the most used dictionary in Americans. Here, the phonetic notation of American pronunciation is different. Currently, there are about six phonetic representations of American pronunciation (Kenyon & Knott, Ladefoged, Trager & Smith, Webster's, Praror & Robinet, AHD). Only the American pronunciation (a combination of six American phonetic phonetic representations) and AHD pronunciations are considered.

AHD pronunciation is similar in Korean pronunciation and confused in Korean.

In order to distinguish between pronunciations by simply lengthening English pronunciations, Koreans try to lengthen their pronunciations when they see these pronunciations, as they try to distinguish between words by the length of vowel sounds like Korean.

But Kenyon and many American linguists say, "The length of vowels, like the consonants of American English, is not distinct, and only the length of vowels

It is. If they differ only in length, they cannot be recognized. For it is not a distinguishable feature. "

And, the way Koreans try to distinguish American English as the length of English vowel pronunciation is wrong pronunciation in American English, and the pronunciation of American English is distinguished by tongue tension and lax and length. This is because they are not distinguished as.

Therefore, if there is no confusion in AHD speech notation that can give Koreans the length and length, Korean pronunciation becomes similar to American English.

Here, of course, AHD pronunciation is largely American, but the speech notation except for the AHD system is divided into American pronunciations because it lacks the authenticity of the pronunciation system and does not match the language of the Ural-Altaic language. This division is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.

here

1. IPA exemplifies the use of speech notation and understanding rather than the US phonetic system.

2. In the blanks there is no mention of similarity with regard to AHD and notation.

3. The phonetic notation of consonants is not otherwise mentioned in Ladefoged, K & K, T & S, and P & R notation.

4. There are two major notations. One is to reduce the number of symbols as much as possible, and to interpret the same symbol more than once, and the other is to use many symbols to write correctly so that there is no room for misinterpretation. If Jones' simple notation is the former representative, then Prator-Robinett is the latter representative. The most common English-Korean dictionary issued in the Republic of Korea is Jones' simplified notation.

5. The simplified notation of the Jones equation follows the IPA.

On the other hand, for Diphthongs, there are six, which are as follows.

View yoo = yoo (ju)

American noun = AHD noun (IPA noun)

Here, it can be seen that American pronunciation and AHD pronunciations are marked differently, and it should be noted that the pronunciation of AHD is mainly helpful to view the AHD English-English dictionary.

For reference, the comparison of American pronunciation and AHD pronunciation and word group are shown as follows.

The pronunciation of AHD in the consonants and the pronunciation of the International Voice Code (IPA) we use are different from the nine out of 25 consonants. Identify the differences. Outside () is AHD pronunciation and inside () is International Voice Code (IPA).

To learn this, read the following references.

- ' : The first bullish, slightly thicker.

-': The second stress is thin. It is not the same as knowing in IPA.

-This is not a simple substitution of IPA to AHD. The IPA and AHD pronunciations are different, and the phonetic representation of the American and AHD pronunciations is indicated by one to the left of ().

How to pronounce ahd in english

th ( ): th ink

Let's look at the corresponding words.

The pronunciation symbol in [] is AHD pronunciation.

Also, 18 vowels have different phonetic notations except for AHD and IPA.

The double vowels, on the other hand, differ in all six phonetic notations.

In this way, the American English pronunciation of the Ural-Altaic people can learn more accurate American English listening and speaking by learning the AHD English pronunciation and pronunciation form.

The present invention converts the English phonetic representation of the IPA system used by the Ural-Altaic people into the English phonetic representation of the AHD system and learns it. You can talk to.

Claims (2)

The American English phonetic representation of the Ural-Altaic language is based on the AHD (The American Heritage Dictionary) system, which is similar to the phonetic pronunciation of Koreans who are Ural-Altaic and easy to learn American English pronunciation. Learning method for the American English phonetic notation for Ural-Altaic language comprising the step of voice notation with a diagram, and learning the developmental sound along with the speech form of the new AHD English consonants According to claim 1, wherein the new AHD English consonant voice chart Learning method of American English phonetic notation for Ural-Altaic, characterized in that consisting of