KR100818135B1 - 폴리비닐알코올계 필름 및 편광필름 - Google Patents
폴리비닐알코올계 필름 및 편광필름 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR100818135B1 KR100818135B1 KR1020010025686A KR20010025686A KR100818135B1 KR 100818135 B1 KR100818135 B1 KR 100818135B1 KR 1020010025686 A KR1020010025686 A KR 1020010025686A KR 20010025686 A KR20010025686 A KR 20010025686A KR 100818135 B1 KR100818135 B1 KR 100818135B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- film
- thickness
- pva
- polarizing
- polyvinyl alcohol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
- B29C41/24—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of indefinite length
- B29C41/26—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of indefinite length by depositing flowable material on a rotating drum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
- B29C55/04—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D7/00—Producing flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
- B29D7/01—Films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/05—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
- C08K5/053—Polyhydroxylic alcohols
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2029/00—Use of polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylethers, polyvinylaldehydes, polyvinylketones or polyvinylketals or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2029/04—PVOH, i.e. polyvinyl alcohol
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
- B29K2995/0034—Polarising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2329/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2329/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08J2329/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L29/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08L29/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/05—Bonding or intermediate layer characterised by chemical composition, e.g. sealant or spacer
- C09K2323/059—Unsaturated aliphatic polymer, e.g. vinyl
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
| 필름원료 | 제막방법 | 드럼직경 (m) | PVA 필름 | 편향판의 품질 | 비고 | ||||
| PVA 중합도 | 휘발 분율 (중량 %) | 평균두께(㎛) | 폭 (m) | 두께 변동의 최대치 (㎛/㎜) | 광학적 줄무늬얼룩 | ||||
| 실시예1 | 2400 | 63 | 드럼 | 3.2 | 74 | 3.4 | 0.15 | 양호 | |
| 실시예2 | 4000 | 72 | 드럼 | 3.2 | 76 | 3.2 | 0.1 | 양호 | |
| 실시예3 | 5500 | 78 | 드럼 | 2.5 | 72 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 양호 | |
| 실시예4 | 1700 | 60 | 드럼 | 3.2 | 75 | 3.2 | 0.2 | 양호 | |
| 비교예1 | 2400 | 63 | 드럼 | 3.2 | 75 | 3.4 | 0.9 | 불량 | 양이온계 계면활성제 첨가 |
| 비교예2 | 2400 | 84 | 드럼 | 3.2 | 75 | 3.3 | 0.7 | 불량 | MD 방향으로 줄무늬가 발생하고, 편광판으로 하면 심한 염색불규칙성에 수반하는 광학적 줄무늬 발생 |
| 비교예3 | 2400 | 63 | 벨트 | - | 74 | 2.4 | 0.5 | 불량 | 벨트 중앙부의 이음매가 필름에 전사되고, 광학적 줄무늬가 발생 |
| 비교예4 | 1700 | 60 | 드럼 | 3.2 | 182 | 1.8 | 0.3 | 불량 | 연신불규칙성이 발생 |
Claims (6)
- 폴리비닐알코올계 중합체를 주원료로 하고,여기에, 폴리비닐알코올계 중합체 100 중량부에 대하여, 다가 알코올을 3 ~ 25 중량부, 및 비이온성 계면 활성제를 함유하는 계면 활성제를 0.01 ~ 2 중량부 첨가한 제막원료를 드럼위에서 주조함으로 수득된, 필름의 TD 방향의 두께 변동이 0.28 ㎛/㎜ 이하이고, 필름 두께가 40~120 ㎛ 이고, 또한 필름 폭이 3~6 m 인 것을 특징으로 하는 폴리비닐알코올계 필름.
- 삭제
- 삭제
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 편광필름용인 폴리비닐알코올계 필름.
- 제 4 항에 따른 편광필름용 폴리비닐알코올계 필름에서 제조된 편광필름.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 제막원료에는, 추가로 음이온성 계면활성제가 첨가되어 있는 폴리비닐 알코올계 필름.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000140014 | 2000-05-12 | ||
| JP2000-140014 | 2000-05-12 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| KR20010104259A KR20010104259A (ko) | 2001-11-24 |
| KR100818135B1 true KR100818135B1 (ko) | 2008-03-31 |
Family
ID=18647373
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020010025686A Expired - Lifetime KR100818135B1 (ko) | 2000-05-12 | 2001-05-11 | 폴리비닐알코올계 필름 및 편광필름 |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6833099B2 (ko) |
| EP (1) | EP1154290B1 (ko) |
| KR (1) | KR100818135B1 (ko) |
| CN (1) | CN1179236C (ko) |
| AT (1) | ATE310965T1 (ko) |
| DE (1) | DE60115139T2 (ko) |
| ES (1) | ES2253298T3 (ko) |
| TW (1) | TWI230275B (ko) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101192707B1 (ko) | 2011-06-15 | 2012-10-19 | 에스케이씨 주식회사 | 폴리비닐알코올계 중합체 필름 및 이의 제조방법 |
Families Citing this family (34)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002365435A (ja) * | 2001-04-03 | 2002-12-18 | Nitto Denko Corp | 配向フィルムの製造方法、偏光フィルム、偏光板および液晶表示装置 |
| AUPR645701A0 (en) | 2001-07-18 | 2001-08-09 | Tralee Investments Ltd | Database adapter |
| US20030215581A1 (en) | 2002-05-20 | 2003-11-20 | Eastman Kodak Company | Polycarbonate films prepared by coating methods |
| US7083752B2 (en) * | 2002-05-20 | 2006-08-01 | Eastman Kodak Company | Cellulose acetate films prepared by coating methods |
| US7163738B2 (en) | 2002-05-20 | 2007-01-16 | Eastman Kodak Company | Polyvinyl alcohol films prepared by coating methods |
| US7012746B2 (en) | 2002-05-20 | 2006-03-14 | Eastman Kodak Company | Polyvinyl butyral films prepared by coating methods |
| US20030215583A1 (en) * | 2002-05-20 | 2003-11-20 | Eastman Kodak Company | Sulfone films prepared by coating methods |
| US7048823B2 (en) | 2002-05-20 | 2006-05-23 | Eastman Kodak Company | Acrylic films prepared by coating methods |
| TWI266907B (en) * | 2002-07-24 | 2006-11-21 | Nitto Denko Corp | Polarizing device, optical thin film using the same, and image display device using the same |
| TW200730988A (en) * | 2002-08-02 | 2007-08-16 | Nitto Denko Corp | Method for manufacturing polarizing film |
| JP3911465B2 (ja) * | 2002-09-19 | 2007-05-09 | 日本合成化学工業株式会社 | ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの製法 |
| JP2004106377A (ja) * | 2002-09-19 | 2004-04-08 | Nippon Synthetic Chem Ind Co Ltd:The | ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムロールおよびそれを用いた偏光膜 |
| TWI247664B (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2006-01-21 | Kuraray Co | A process for producing polarizing film |
| CN1330689C (zh) * | 2002-11-13 | 2007-08-08 | 伊斯曼柯达公司 | 光开关微膜 |
| KR100938787B1 (ko) * | 2002-12-12 | 2010-01-27 | 스미또모 가가꾸 가부시끼가이샤 | 요오드 타입 편광 필름의 제조 방법 |
| JP4888931B2 (ja) * | 2003-08-08 | 2012-02-29 | 日東電工株式会社 | 液晶表示装置用重畳フィルムの製造方法、液晶表示装置用重畳フィルム及び液晶表示装置 |
| JP4421886B2 (ja) * | 2003-12-15 | 2010-02-24 | 住友化学株式会社 | ヨウ素系偏光フィルムの製造方法および偏光板の製造方法 |
| KR100998144B1 (ko) * | 2003-12-30 | 2010-12-02 | 닛폰고세이가가쿠고교 가부시키가이샤 | 폴리비닐 알콜 필름의 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 편광필름 |
| US7252733B2 (en) * | 2004-05-04 | 2007-08-07 | Eastman Kodak Company | Polarizer guarded cover sheet with adhesion promoter |
| US7279060B2 (en) * | 2004-05-04 | 2007-10-09 | Eastman Kodak Company | Guarded cover film for LCD polarizers |
| US7573637B2 (en) | 2004-08-03 | 2009-08-11 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Intrinsic polarizer and method of manufacturing an intrinsic polarizer |
| JP4841241B2 (ja) * | 2004-12-28 | 2011-12-21 | 日本合成化学工業株式会社 | ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム、およびそれを用いた偏光膜、偏光板 |
| KR100675201B1 (ko) | 2005-04-29 | 2007-01-30 | 동양제철화학 주식회사 | 폴리비닐알콜 필름의 제조방법 |
| JP4697964B2 (ja) * | 2006-02-24 | 2011-06-08 | 日東電工株式会社 | 偏光子の製造方法および洗浄装置 |
| TWI470012B (zh) * | 2011-04-11 | 2015-01-21 | Chang Chun Petrochemical Co | A method for producing a polyvinyl alcohol film and a casting drum for use in the method |
| TWI570472B (zh) | 2011-10-03 | 2017-02-11 | 三菱瓦斯化學股份有限公司 | 芳香族聚碳酸酯製偏光透鏡 |
| WO2013146459A1 (ja) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-03 | 株式会社クラレ | ポリビニルアルコール系重合体フィルム |
| US9030740B2 (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2015-05-12 | Transitions Optical, Inc. | Photochromic article having at least partially crossed polarized photochromic-dichroic and fixed-polarized layers |
| JP6462199B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-04 | 2019-01-30 | 住友化学株式会社 | 偏光フィルム及び偏光板の製造方法 |
| KR101584442B1 (ko) * | 2013-06-12 | 2016-01-22 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Uv 조사에 의해 편광자의 색상을 조절하는 단계를 포함하는 편광판 제조방법 |
| JP6988479B2 (ja) * | 2016-06-13 | 2022-01-05 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム、およびその製造方法、ならびにそのポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを用いた偏光膜 |
| CN107216585A (zh) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-09-29 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | 一种聚乙烯醇系光学膜及其制备方法 |
| AT16422U1 (de) | 2018-01-17 | 2019-08-15 | Berndorf Band Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Endlosbandes |
| CN113302238B (zh) * | 2019-01-30 | 2023-05-09 | 株式会社爱赛璐 | 聚乙烯醇类树脂薄膜 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05245858A (ja) * | 1992-03-04 | 1993-09-24 | Kuraray Co Ltd | ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの製造方法 |
| JPH05245857A (ja) * | 1992-03-04 | 1993-09-24 | Kuraray Co Ltd | ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム及び偏光膜 |
| JPH06136151A (ja) * | 1992-10-27 | 1994-05-17 | Kuraray Co Ltd | フィルム及び偏光膜 |
| JPH06138319A (ja) * | 1992-10-27 | 1994-05-20 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Pva系フィルム及び光学用フィルム |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3607812A (en) * | 1968-12-17 | 1971-09-21 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Method of manufacturing polyvinyl alcohol films and product |
| US5197242A (en) * | 1992-07-17 | 1993-03-30 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Dual-pane thermal window with liquid crystal shade |
| DE69835729T2 (de) | 1997-03-19 | 2007-09-20 | KURARAY CO., LTD, Kurashiki | Polarisationsfilm |
| US6166117A (en) | 1997-06-11 | 2000-12-26 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Water-soluble film |
| US6113811A (en) * | 1998-01-13 | 2000-09-05 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Dichroic polarizing film and optical polarizer containing the film |
| ES2236081T3 (es) * | 2000-05-02 | 2005-07-16 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Pelicula de polimero de poli(alcohol vinilico), metodo para producir la misma y pelicula de polarizacion. |
-
2001
- 2001-05-08 TW TW090110936A patent/TWI230275B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-05-09 US US09/851,127 patent/US6833099B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-11 DE DE60115139T patent/DE60115139T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-11 CN CNB011160403A patent/CN1179236C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-11 KR KR1020010025686A patent/KR100818135B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-11 EP EP01111182A patent/EP1154290B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-11 AT AT01111182T patent/ATE310965T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-05-11 ES ES01111182T patent/ES2253298T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05245858A (ja) * | 1992-03-04 | 1993-09-24 | Kuraray Co Ltd | ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの製造方法 |
| JPH05245857A (ja) * | 1992-03-04 | 1993-09-24 | Kuraray Co Ltd | ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム及び偏光膜 |
| JPH06136151A (ja) * | 1992-10-27 | 1994-05-17 | Kuraray Co Ltd | フィルム及び偏光膜 |
| JPH06138319A (ja) * | 1992-10-27 | 1994-05-20 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Pva系フィルム及び光学用フィルム |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101192707B1 (ko) | 2011-06-15 | 2012-10-19 | 에스케이씨 주식회사 | 폴리비닐알코올계 중합체 필름 및 이의 제조방법 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE60115139T2 (de) | 2006-08-03 |
| CN1179236C (zh) | 2004-12-08 |
| EP1154290B1 (en) | 2005-11-23 |
| EP1154290A3 (en) | 2003-05-07 |
| EP1154290A2 (en) | 2001-11-14 |
| DE60115139D1 (de) | 2005-12-29 |
| KR20010104259A (ko) | 2001-11-24 |
| US6833099B2 (en) | 2004-12-21 |
| TWI230275B (en) | 2005-04-01 |
| ATE310965T1 (de) | 2005-12-15 |
| CN1323999A (zh) | 2001-11-28 |
| ES2253298T3 (es) | 2006-06-01 |
| US20020001700A1 (en) | 2002-01-03 |
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