JPS6328259B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6328259B2 JPS6328259B2 JP56159363A JP15936381A JPS6328259B2 JP S6328259 B2 JPS6328259 B2 JP S6328259B2 JP 56159363 A JP56159363 A JP 56159363A JP 15936381 A JP15936381 A JP 15936381A JP S6328259 B2 JPS6328259 B2 JP S6328259B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- strain
- circumferential
- measuring
- detection element
- longitudinal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L9/00—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
- G01L9/02—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of variations in ohmic resistance, e.g. of potentiometers, electric circuits therefor, e.g. bridges, amplifiers or signal conditioning
- G01L9/04—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of variations in ohmic resistance, e.g. of potentiometers, electric circuits therefor, e.g. bridges, amplifiers or signal conditioning of resistance-strain gauges
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L9/00—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
- G01L9/0001—Transmitting or indicating the displacement of elastically deformable gauges by electric, electro-mechanical, magnetic or electro-magnetic means
- G01L9/0002—Transmitting or indicating the displacement of elastically deformable gauges by electric, electro-mechanical, magnetic or electro-magnetic means using variations in ohmic resistance
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、単軸で歪を感知する電気的検出素子
の助けにより円周方向の歪によつて円筒状中空体
内の圧力経過を測定するための装置に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a device for measuring the pressure course in a cylindrical hollow body by means of circumferential strain with the aid of a uniaxially strain-sensitive electric detection element.
この種の装置はたとえば米国特許第3937087号
明細書に開示されている。 A device of this type is disclosed, for example, in US Pat. No. 3,937,087.
ドイツ連邦共和国特許出願公開第2831939号公
報により、円筒状中空体が導管である場合には特
に、この導管に作用する曲げ応力あるいは引張応
力はその導管表面に、その導管内の内圧によつて
ひき起こされた導管周囲の伸長よりも大きい伸長
および圧縮を惹き起こさせ得ることが知られてい
る。 According to DE 28 31 939 A1, especially when the cylindrical hollow body is a conduit, bending or tensile stresses acting on the conduit are exerted on the conduit surface by the internal pressure within the conduit. It is known that greater elongation and compression can be induced than elongation around the induced conduit.
前述の米国特許明細書においては、内燃機関の
燃料噴射管において圧力変動によつて惹き起こさ
れたのではない応力は、鋼ケースが検出素子の両
側に達する管部分を強固に抱くようにすることに
よつて、その検出素子により検知されないように
している。検出素子自身の周りに、そのケースは
環状中空室を有している。 In the above-mentioned U.S. patent specification, stresses not caused by pressure fluctuations in the fuel injection pipe of an internal combustion engine are such that the steel case tightly hugs the section of the pipe that reaches both sides of the sensing element. This prevents it from being detected by the detection element. Around the detection element itself, the case has an annular cavity.
燃料管においては特に、円周方向における導管
の歪によつて内圧を測定する測定方法に対する大
抵の擾乱は、内燃機関の運転によつて惹き起こさ
れる管体の曲げ応力および縦応力に起因してい
る。 Particularly in fuel pipes, most disturbances to the measurement method of measuring internal pressure by distortion of the pipe in the circumferential direction are due to bending and longitudinal stresses in the pipe body caused by the operation of the internal combustion engine. There is.
本発明は次のような知識、すなわち円周方向歪
を検出するために単軸で歪を感知する検出素子の
測定誤差は付加的な曲げ応力あるいは縦応力に直
接原因があるのではなく、主として横収縮によつ
て円周変動に変換される軸方向力あるいは曲げ力
に原因があるという知識に基づいている。 The present invention is based on the knowledge that the measurement error of a sensing element that senses strain in a uniaxial direction in order to detect strain in the circumferential direction is not directly caused by additional bending stress or longitudinal stress, but is mainly caused by It is based on the knowledge that the cause is axial or bending forces that are converted into circumferential variations by transverse contraction.
本発明は、横収縮によつて円周方向歪に現わ
れ、曲げ応力あるいは引張応力のために縦歪によ
つて惹き起こされたこの種の擾乱を補償すること
を目的とする。 The present invention aims to compensate for disturbances of this type, which appear in circumferential strains due to transverse shrinkage and are caused by longitudinal strains due to bending or tensile stresses.
この目的、本発明によれば、冒頭で述べた装置
において、円周方向歪用の検出素子と、この検出
素子に比較してポアソン数（Poisson−
Konstante）の逆値が掛けられている歪感度を有
する縦歪用の検出素子とを、それぞれ信号的に直
列接続することによつて達成される。 For this purpose, according to the invention, in the device mentioned at the outset, a detection element for circumferential strain and a Poisson number (Poisson-
This is achieved by serially connecting longitudinal distortion detection elements each having a distortion sensitivity multiplied by the inverse value of Konstante.
信号的に直列接続された検出素子を、円筒体軸
方向と円筒体円周方向とに、それらの相互の間隔
を密に接近させて配置することは目的に適つてい
ることである。 It is expedient to arrange the detection elements connected in signal series in close proximity to each other in the axial direction of the cylinder and in the circumferential direction of the cylinder.
特別な利点を持つて、そのように接近して直列
接続された一対の検出素子がそれぞれ円筒体周囲
に互いに向かい合つて配置される。信号的にはこ
れらの対はブリツジ回路の向かい合つた枝辺に接
続される。 With particular advantage, a pair of such closely connected series-connected detection elements are each arranged opposite one another around the cylindrical body. Signally, these pairs are connected to opposite legs of the bridge circuit.
単軸の歪検出素子としては抵抗式ストレーンゲ
ージが適切であることが示されており、その場合
縦歪用に設けられたストレーンゲージは円周方向
歪用に設けられたストレーンゲージの抵抗値にポ
アソン数の逆値、即ちポアソン比（Querzahl）
が掛けられた抵抗値を有している。 It has been shown that a resistive strain gauge is suitable as a uniaxial strain sensing element, and in that case, the strain gauge installed for longitudinal strain will be equal to the resistance value of the strain gauge installed for circumferential strain. Inverse value of Poisson's number, i.e. Poisson's ratio (Querzahl)
has a resistance value multiplied by .
利点を持つて、本発明による装置は、デイーゼ
ル内燃機関の燃料噴射管内における圧力を測定す
るために使用される。 Advantageously, the device according to the invention is used for measuring the pressure in the fuel injection pipes of diesel internal combustion engines.
次に本発明を図面に基づいて説明する。第１図
は引張荷重が加えられている円筒状体を示してい
る。この第１図に基づいて横収縮のデータが引き
出される。第２図はストレーンゲージを有する導
管の斜視図を示している。第３図はブリツジ回路
内にストレーンゲージが配線されている回路図を
示している。 Next, the present invention will be explained based on the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a cylindrical body being subjected to a tensile load. Based on this FIG. 1 data on transverse contraction is derived. FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a conduit with a strain gauge. FIG. 3 shows a circuit diagram in which strain gauges are wired within the bridge circuit.
第１図は、一端が固定され自由端に引張力Ｆの
荷重が加えられている円筒状体の平面図および断
面図を示している。円筒体は引張力Ｆの作用によ
り本来の長さl0からより長い長さl1に伸長されて
いる。引張力の荷重が加えられていない状態と引
張力の荷重が加えられている状態との間の長さの
差はl1−l0＝Δlである。円筒体の本来の断面直径
d0は引張力Ｆの作用により、第１図の断面状態か
ら明らかなように、より短い断面直径d1に短縮さ
れている。この断面直径の差Δdははd0−d1であ
り、縦方向における歪εlはεl＝Δl／l0であり、横歪
εq
はεq＝Δd／d0である。両歪の比εl／εqは材料力学に
お
いては“ポアソン数”（Poisson−Konstante）と
呼ばれている。このポアソン数は横収縮を介して
縦歪の作用に対する尺度となる。その逆値はポア
ソン比（Querzahl）と称され、鋼については約
0.3の大きさである。 FIG. 1 shows a plan view and a sectional view of a cylindrical body which is fixed at one end and loaded with a tensile force F at its free end. The cylinder has been elongated from its original length l 0 to a longer length l 1 under the action of a tensile force F. The difference in length between the unloaded tensile force state and the tensile loaded state is l 1 −l 0 =Δl. Original cross-sectional diameter of cylinder
Due to the action of the tensile force F, d0 is shortened to a shorter cross-sectional diameter d1 , as is clear from the cross-sectional state of FIG. The difference Δd in cross-sectional diameter is d 0 −d 1 , the strain ε l in the longitudinal direction is ε l =Δl/l 0 , and the transverse strain ε q is ε q =Δd/d 0 . The ratio of both strains ε l /ε q is called the "Poisson number" (Poisson-Konstante) in materials mechanics. This Poisson number is a measure of the effect of longitudinal strain via transverse contraction. The inverse value is called Poisson's ratio (Querzahl), and for steel it is approximately
The size is 0.3.
内圧が加えられている管体においては、円周方
向歪のほかに、同様に軸方向に約半分のはなはだ
大きい歪が生じる。軸方向歪のために付加的に取
付けられた歪検出素子により、測定結果を向上さ
せることができる。 In a tube to which internal pressure is applied, in addition to the circumferential strain, a very large strain of about half is generated in the axial direction as well. The measurement results can be improved by additionally installed strain sensing elements for axial strain.
第２図には導管１の一部分が斜視図で示されて
いる。導管１には、圧力または圧力経過を測定す
るために、ストレーンゲージＲが備えられ、これ
らのストレーンゲージは円周方向における導管の
拡大を検知する。導管１は圧力の作用により縦方
向（長さ方向）にも伸長される。この伸長歪は横
収縮にために円周方向における測定結果を減少さ
せる。測定結果のこの減少は、付加的な軸方向歪
のための誤差と同様に、抵抗式ストレーンゲージ
Ｒと直列に接続された第２の抵抗式ストレーンゲ
ージ０．３Ｒによつて補償することができる。そ
の際に、0.3は横収縮について決められたポアソ
ン数の逆値である無次元のポアソン比である。こ
のポアソン比は金属、特に鋼については0.3が採
用されている。導管１の見えない裏面上には第２
のストレーンゲージ対が設けられていることが点
線で示されており、これらは同様に、円周方向歪
を感知するために取付けられたストレーンゲージ
Ｒと縦歪を検出するストレーンゲージ０．３Ｒと
から成つている。 FIG. 2 shows a portion of the conduit 1 in a perspective view. The conduit 1 is equipped with strain gauges R for measuring the pressure or pressure course, these strain gauges detecting the expansion of the conduit in the circumferential direction. The conduit 1 is also stretched in the longitudinal direction (lengthwise) by the action of pressure. This elongation strain reduces the measurement results in the circumferential direction due to transverse contraction. This reduction in the measurement result, as well as the error due to the additional axial strain, can be compensated by a second resistive strain gauge 0.3R connected in series with the resistive strain gauge R. . In this case, 0.3 is the dimensionless Poisson's ratio, which is the inverse of the Poisson's number determined for transverse contraction. Poisson's ratio is 0.3 for metals, especially steel. On the invisible back side of conduit 1 is a second
It is shown by dotted lines that a pair of strain gauges are provided, and these are similarly a strain gauge R installed to sense circumferential strain and a strain gauge 0.3R installed to detect longitudinal strain. It consists of
第３図には、２つの向かい合つているブリツジ
枝辺に、それぞれ２個のストレーンゲージＲおよ
び０．３Ｒから成る直列回路が接続されているブ
リツジ回路が示されている。それらのストレーン
ゲージＲ，０．３Ｒは第２図において導管１の互
いに直径方向に向かい合つている位置上に取付け
られたストレーンゲージ対である。互いに向かい
合つている他の２つのブリツジ枝辺には、ブリツ
ジ回路を完成させるために、２つの抵抗１．３Ｒ
がそれぞれ接続されている。ブリツジ回路の給電
対角点には２つの端子ａ，ｂが接続され、それら
の端子を介して適当な供給電圧が与えられる。測
定対角点は差動増幅器DVの入力に接続され、そ
の出力には指示計器あるいは測定値処理のために
他の電気回路を接続することができる。 FIG. 3 shows a bridge circuit in which a series circuit consisting of two strain gauges R and 0.3R is connected to each of the two opposite bridge branches. The strain gauges R, 0.3R are a strain gauge pair mounted on diametrically opposite positions of the conduit 1 in FIG. The other two bridge branches facing each other are connected with two resistors 1.3R to complete the bridge circuit.
are connected to each other. Two terminals a and b are connected to the feed diagonal of the bridge circuit, and a suitable supply voltage is applied via these terminals. The measuring diagonal points are connected to the inputs of a differential amplifier DV, the outputs of which can be connected to indicating instruments or other electrical circuits for processing the measured values.
第１図は引張荷重が加えられている円筒状体の
平面図および断面図、第２図はストレーンゲージ
を有する導管の斜視図、第３図はブリツジ回路内
にストレーンゲージが配線されている回路図であ
る。
１……導管、Ｒ……円周方向歪用ストレーンゲ
ージ、０．３Ｒ……縦歪用ストレーンゲージ。
Figure 1 is a plan view and cross-sectional view of a cylindrical body to which a tensile load is applied, Figure 2 is a perspective view of a conduit with a strain gauge, and Figure 3 is a circuit in which a strain gauge is wired within a bridge circuit. It is a diagram. 1... Conduit, R... Strain gauge for circumferential strain, 0.3R... Strain gauge for longitudinal strain.
Claims (1)
周方向の歪によつて円筒状中空体内の圧力経過を
測定するための装置において、円周方向歪用の検
出素子と、この検出素子に比較してポアソン数の
逆値が掛けられている歪感度を有する縦歪用の検
出素子とを、それぞれ直列接続したことを特徴と
する円筒状中空体内の圧力経過を測定するための
装置。 ２ 直列接続された両検出素子は、円筒体軸方向
と円筒体円周方向とに、それらの相互の間隔を密
接に接近させて配置されていることを特徴とする
特許請求の範囲第１項記載の装置。 ３ 一対の直列接続された検出素子がそれぞれ円
筒体周囲に互いに向かい合つて配置され、ブリツ
ジ回路の向かい合つている枝辺に電気的に接続さ
れていることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第２項
記載の装置。 ４ 歪検出素子は抵抗式ストレーンゲージであ
り、縦歪用ストレーンゲージは円周方向歪用スト
レーンゲージの抵抗値にポアソン比が掛けられた
抵抗値を有することを特徴とする特許請求の範囲
第１項ないし第３項のいずれかに記載の装置。 ５ 円筒状中空体内の圧力経過を測定するための
装置はデイーゼル内燃機関の噴射圧力測定装置と
して使用されることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲
第１項ないし第４項のいずれかに記載の装置。[Scope of Claims] 1. A device for measuring the pressure course in a hollow cylindrical body by means of circumferential strain with the aid of an electric detection element for sensing strain, comprising: a detection element for circumferential strain; , and a longitudinal strain detection element having a strain sensitivity multiplied by the inverse of Poisson's number in comparison to this detection element are connected in series to measure the pressure course in a cylindrical hollow body. equipment for. 2. Claim 1, characterized in that both detection elements connected in series are arranged with their mutual spacing closely approached in the axial direction of the cylinder and in the circumferential direction of the cylinder. The device described. 3. Claim 2, characterized in that a pair of series-connected detection elements are respectively arranged facing each other around the cylindrical body and are electrically connected to opposite branches of the bridge circuit. Apparatus described in section. 4. Claim 1, wherein the strain detection element is a resistance strain gauge, and the strain gauge for longitudinal strain has a resistance value obtained by multiplying the resistance value of the strain gauge for circumferential strain by Poisson's ratio. The apparatus according to any one of Items 1 to 3. 5. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the device for measuring the pressure course in a cylindrical hollow body is used as an injection pressure measuring device for a diesel internal combustion engine. .
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19803037753 DE3037753A1 (en) | 1980-10-06 | 1980-10-06 | ARRANGEMENT FOR MEASURING THE PRESSURE HISTORY IN CYLINDRICAL HOLLOW BODIES |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5791430A JPS5791430A (en) | 1982-06-07 |
| JPS6328259B2 true JPS6328259B2 (en) | 1988-06-07 |
Family
ID=6113755
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56159363A Granted JPS5791430A (en) | 1980-10-06 | 1981-10-06 | Apparatus for measuring pressure process in cylindrical hollow body |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4420980A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0049501B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5791430A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE18801T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3037753A1 (en) |
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| CN104501725B (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2017-03-22 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Crucial boiler pipeline online measurement system |
| CN104713912A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-06-17 | 巫立斌 | Underground pipeline testing system based on strain membranes |
| CN104713913A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-06-17 | 巫立斌 | Underground pipeline testing method based on strain membranes |
| DE102015109450A1 (en) | 2015-06-12 | 2016-12-15 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Device for measuring the pressure of a fluid flowing through a pipeline |
| CN105021168B (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2017-07-18 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | The non-contact type on-line measurement method and device of boiler main steam line macroscopic view displacement |
| DE102015121455A1 (en) | 2015-12-09 | 2017-06-14 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Method and device for pressure determination and device for this purpose |
| FR3092897B1 (en) * | 2019-02-15 | 2021-01-15 | Air Liquide | Method of bonding a strain gauge to an object, such as a gas container |
| EP3771895B1 (en) | 2019-07-31 | 2023-11-01 | ABB Schweiz AG | Temperature compensated strain gauge measurements |
| LU101845B1 (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2021-12-10 | Rotarex S A | Pressure sensor formed by strain gauge on a deformable membrane of a fluid device |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2420148A (en) * | 1943-11-08 | 1947-05-06 | Douglas Aircraft Co Inc | Pressure indicator |
| US2747408A (en) * | 1953-07-02 | 1956-05-29 | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | Electrical pressure cell transducer |
| US2814946A (en) * | 1955-05-27 | 1957-12-03 | Revere Corp America | Load measuring cells |
| US3164014A (en) * | 1962-08-22 | 1965-01-05 | Budd Co | Load cell independent of non-axial loading effects |
| DE1287317B (en) * | 1963-02-14 | 1969-01-16 | Siemens Ag | Measuring transducer for electrical voltages or currents |
| US3261204A (en) * | 1963-12-24 | 1966-07-19 | Revere Corp America | Force measuring apparatus |
| GB1429511A (en) * | 1973-01-12 | 1976-03-24 | Nat Res Dev | Electromechanical transducer |
| FR2215615A1 (en) * | 1973-10-24 | 1974-08-23 | Poclain Sa | |
| US3937087A (en) * | 1974-07-05 | 1976-02-10 | Canadian Patents & Development Limited | Transducer for engine fuel injection monitoring |
| AT375466B (en) * | 1977-07-27 | 1984-08-10 | List Hans | MEASURING VALUE WITH A PIEZOELECTRIC MEASURING ELEMENT |
| US4359498A (en) * | 1981-04-20 | 1982-11-16 | Kulite Semiconductor Products, Inc. | Transducer structure employing vertically walled diaphragms with quasi rectangular active areas |
-
1980
- 1980-10-06 DE DE19803037753 patent/DE3037753A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1981
- 1981-09-30 US US06/307,275 patent/US4420980A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1981-10-02 AT AT81107872T patent/ATE18801T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-10-02 EP EP81107872A patent/EP0049501B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-10-06 JP JP56159363A patent/JPS5791430A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4420980A (en) | 1983-12-20 |
| ATE18801T1 (en) | 1986-04-15 |
| EP0049501B1 (en) | 1986-03-26 |
| EP0049501A2 (en) | 1982-04-14 |
| JPS5791430A (en) | 1982-06-07 |
| EP0049501A3 (en) | 1983-04-20 |
| DE3037753A1 (en) | 1982-05-13 |
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