JPS63237745A - Production of animal food with enriched content of alpha-linolenic acid based fatty acid - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To produce an animal food, such as bird or animal meats, dairy products or eggs, having an enriched content of alpha-linolenic acid based fatty acids, by supplying a feed with a high content of the alpha-linolenic acid based fatty acids to domestic animals.fowls. CONSTITUTION:A feed with a low content of linoleic acid based fatty acids and high content of alpha-linolenic acid based fatty acids, e.g. seeds, such as beefsteak plant (Perilla frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo), perilla (Perilla frutescens Britton var. japonica Hara) or flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), vegetable oil available therefrom or a feed obtained by adding the above-mentioned vegetable oil in place of fats or oils in normally used feeds is fed to domestic animals.fowls.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for producing animal foods such as poultry meat, dairy products, or eggs that have an increased content of α-linolenic acid fatty acids. Background: Linoleic acid is synthesized by plants, but not by plants. When linoleic acid is ingested by an animal, it is produced in the animal's body in the form of linoleic acid - γ-linolenic acid → dipomo-γ-linolenic acid - arachito> acidic linoleic acid system).
It is metabolized by the following pathway. Some of these become hormone-like substances such as prostaglandins and leukotriates, which exert their physiological functions in the body. That is, linoleic acid is essential for higher animals, and various oil and fat foods with high linoleic acid content are currently being developed in order to ingest such linoleic acid.

On the other hand, α-linolenic acid is also synthesized by plants;
It is not synthesized within the animal body. When an animal ingests α-linolenic acid, the animal body converts it into α-linolenic acid → icosapentaenoic acid → docosahexaenoic acid (α-linolenic acid series).
It is metabolized by the following pathway.

Although the above-mentioned icosapentaenoic acid is partially converted into hormone-like substances like arachidonic acid, no unique physiological effects have been found for hormone-like substances derived from icosapentaenoic acid, and - It is said that its physiological effects are weaker than those derived from arachidonic acid. Also, α
-Icosapentaenoic acid, a metabolite of linolenic acid,
It is known to lower plasma and liver cholesterol levels and platelet aggregation, and has been shown to have a preventive effect on thrombotic diseases.

This icosapentaenoic acid is contained in large amounts in fish meat and algae, and is currently widely used as a health food for the purpose of preventing adult diseases such as thrombotic diseases.

However, it is thought that humans do not have the enzyme to make icosapentaenoic acid from alpha-linolenic acid, or have a low level of enzyme. For this reason, at present, no attempt has been made to prevent adult diseases by ingesting α-linolenic acid.

As mentioned above, linoleic acid is most considered to be essential for higher animals, but α-linolenic acid is not considered essential for higher animals based on the following animal experiment reports. It has become a common belief. (B, A, Bivi
ns, et at, ;J, Parent, Ent
eral.

Nutr., 7, 473-478. 1983) In other words, it is known that when raising rats, as long as linoleic acid is supplied as a fatty acid, even without α-linolenic acid, some rats can apparently grow normally and reproduce. ing.

Not only in rats but also in humans, insufficient intake of fatty acids leads to essential fatty acid deficiency.
Symptoms such as growth failure and skin lesions appear. Such essential fatty acid deficiency can be completely cured by supplementing with arachidonic acid, and can be completely cured by supplementing with linoleic acid, although it takes some time. However, supplementation with alpha-linolenic acid only partially cures the condition. (J, Tinoc
o, at al, ;J.

Nutr, 101.937-945.1971) Thus, α-linolenic acid has traditionally been thought not to be essential for higher animals, and in addition, α-linolenic acid may be more easily oxidized than linoleic acid. Therefore, industrially α
-Development of edible oils and fats with low linolenic acid content is underway. (J, Am, OiIChcm, Soc, 59
．． 34-36) However, recent research by the present inventors has revealed that α-linolenic acid is necessary for maintaining high brain and nerve functions in higher animals.

(Y, Yamamoto at at; J, L
ipid Res, 28°143~145.1987
: Atsuko Moriuchi et al.; Lipid biochemistry research, 28.341-34
4.1986>. The present inventors also discovered that α-linolenic acid is competitively taken up by cell phospholipid helinoleic acid, and as a result, it antagonizes the linoleic acid metabolic system of linoleic acid → arachidonic acid → eye: 7-side. Since the amount of fatty acids contained in lipids is kept relatively constant in various organs and cells, in order to increase the uptake of α-linolenic acid, it is necessary to reduce the amount of linoleic acid fatty acids, which are essential fatty acids, in fats and oils. I found that there is a constant need for this. moreover,
In animal experiments, feeding with a diet high in α-linolenic acid was more effective in suppressing allergic reactions, lowering platelet aggregation, lowering blood pressure, and tumor cell metastasis than feeding with a diet high in linoleic acid. was found to have a high suppressive effect. (Japanese Patent Application No. 179608/1983 and Patent Application No. 179608/1983-
301045) By the way, Japan's food environment has changed significantly over the past 30 years, with changes in the preferences of young people in particular being remarkable, with an increase in the intake of poultry meat, dairy products, and oil and fat foods, and a noticeable decrease in the intake of seafood and vegetables. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 3, most animal foods on the market, with the exception of seafood, do not contain α-linolenic acid fatty acids. This licking is believed to lead to a decrease in the intake of α-linolenic acid fatty acids. On the other hand, vegetables and root vegetables contain α-linolenic acid, but the absolute amount of fatty acids contained in these vegetables is small, so it is quite difficult to obtain sufficient α-linolenic acid from vegetables or root vegetables. You need to eat lots of vegetables and root vegetables.

As mentioned above, young people are increasingly avoiding fish and hating vegetables.
Therefore, it is assumed that the intake of α-linolenic acid among young people has decreased significantly. Under these circumstances, if α−
If animal foods with a high content of linolenic acid fatty acids could be obtained, it would be possible for young people to ingest large amounts of α-linolenic acid, and it would be possible to maintain good health for the entire population. Probably.

Therefore, the present inventors conducted intensive research to produce animal foods with increased content of α-linolenic acid fatty acids, and found that by feeding livestock with specific feed, α
- The present invention was completed by discovering that animal foods with an increased content of linolenic fatty acids can be obtained.

The present invention has a low content of linoleic acid fatty acids and α
- A method for producing animal foods such as poultry meat, dairy products, and eggs that have an increased content of α-linolenic acid fatty acids by feeding livestock and poultry with feed that has a high content of linolenic acid fatty acids. is intended to provide.

1. The method for producing animal food with an increased content of α-linolenic acid fatty acids according to the present invention is to feed livestock and poultry with feed having a high content of α-linolenic fatty acids, such as perilla, Feed seeds such as perilla, flax, etc. or vegetable oils obtained from these seeds, or feed feed with vegetable oils obtained from perilla, perilla, flax, etc. added instead of the oil content of the feed normally used. It is a feature.

Animal foods such as poultry meat, milk, eggs, etc. that have an increased content of α-linolenic acid fatty acids by raising livestock and poultry with feed containing ingredients with a high content of α-linolenic acid fatty acids as described above. can be obtained.

■Mushroom and Body Serving Plate The method for producing animal food with an increased content of α-linolenic acid fatty acids according to the present invention has a low content of linoleic acid fatty acids and a high content of α-linolenic acid fatty acids. By feeding livestock and poultry with feed containing a high content, it is possible to obtain animal foods with an increased content of α-linolenic acid fatty acids.

Feeds with a low content of linoleic acid fatty acids and a high content of α-linolenic acid fatty acids include seeds such as perilla, perilla, and flax, or vegetable oils obtained from these;
Alternatively, instead of the oil and fat in the feed that is normally used, vegetable oils such as perilla, perilla, and flax can be used.

Zeta heart for perilla seedlings? It contains fats and oils around ζ, and contains a large amount of α-linolenic acid as a fatty acid. That is, α-linolenic acid is 60 to 68% by weight, and linoleic acid is 1% by weight.
It is present in an amount of 2 to 15% by weight, and the remainder is saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid and stearic acid, and monoenoic acids such as oleic acid. As described above, perilla seedlings contain an incomparably large amount of α-linolenic acid compared to other vegetable oils, and this fact was discovered by the present inventor. In addition, similar to the above-mentioned perilla seeds, seeds of perilla, flax, etc. also contain a large amount of α-linolenic acid.

Next, the effects of the method for producing animal foods with increased α-linolenic acid fatty acid content according to the present invention will be explained based on animal experiments.

<Experimental example> Quail was used as a poultry model. 35-day-old quails were raised for 5 months on the standard feed for quails (see below) and the feed of the present invention (see below).

Compounded feed for breeding cranes (Japan Compounded Feed) Grains (corn, milo) 52% Vegetable oil cakes (soybean oil cake, :? - Njam meal> 26% animal feed (fish meat and bone meal, fish soluble) 9% U-type rice bran, fuzuma) 3% vitamins, minerals 10% Honhatsu plate M5 perilla seeds 70% vegetables
25% Akadama soil
No differences in appearance, such as growth rate or number of eggs laid, were observed between both 5% feed groups. The total lipids of the eggs of both feed groups laid on the same day, and after 5 months of rearing and observation,
Total lipids from the thigh meat and liver taken out from the slaughter were extracted with a chloroform/methanol mixture. The constituent fatty acids were converted to methyl esters by a conventional method and then analyzed by gas chromatography.

The results are shown in Figure 1.

The fatty acid composition of commercially available chicken eggs and chicken thighs is also shown for reference.

When using the feed of the present invention, the content of α-linolenic acid fatty acids is approximately twice that in thigh meat, approximately 3 times as much in liver, and approximately 15 times as much in eggs as when using standard quail feed. It was observed that the increase in

When quail semi-feed was used, thigh meat and eggs contained a small amount of α-linolenic acid fatty acids, but commercial chicken eggs and chicken thigh meat contained no α-linolenic acid fatty acids. Almost none were included. This is thought to be due to the fact that α-linolenic acid fatty acids are contained in bone meal, fish solubles, etc. in the standard feed for quail.

In addition, thromboxane derived from arachidonic acid promotes platelet collection and exhibits vasoconstriction, which has the effect of aggravating thrombotic diseases. In contrast, icosapentaenoic acid, a metabolite of α-linolenic acid, It is known to reduce plasma and liver cholesprol levels, suppress platelet aggregation, and exhibit antithrombotic properties. From these facts, 5 icosapentaenoic acid (El) A') and arachidonic acid (AA
) ratio (EPA/AA) can be considered as an index of the prophylactic effect on thrombotic diseases. That is, E
l) Table 1 shows the ratio of EPA/AA in nine experiments in which it is considered that the larger A,/AA is, the greater the effect of preventing thrombotic diseases.

For reference, the EPA/AA ratio of commercially available chicken eggs is shown in Table 1.

Table] shows that the EPA/AA ratio in all of quail eggs, liver, leg meat, and thigh meat is significantly higher when using the feed of the present invention than when using the standard feed for quail. I understand.

Table 1 Icosapetaenoic acid/arachidonic acid (EPA/A
A') Experimental Example 2 Rats, which are mammals and have similar fatty acid biosynthetic systems, were used as models for livestock such as cows and pigs.

Rats were weaned at 4 weeks of age and fed with commercially available standard feed (E'1 bottle ME-2 manufactured by Talea) and feed of the present invention (feed with perilla seed oil added instead of oil in standard feed) for 8 weeks of age. After raising them until the end of the day and killing them, we took out the part that corresponded to thigh meat.

From this, all lipids were extracted with a chloroform/methanol mixture, and the constituent fatty acids were converted to methylnisder by a conventional method and then analyzed by gas chromatography.

The results are shown in Figure 2.

The fatty acid composition of commercially available beef thighs and pork thighs was analyzed and shown as reference.

When the feed of the present invention was used, the content of α-linolenic acid fatty acids in thigh meat was found to be about 2.5 times higher than when the standard feed was used.

When using standard feed, thigh meat contained only a small amount of α-linolenic acid fatty acid, but commercially available pork thigh meat and beef thigh meat contained almost no α-linolenic acid fatty acid. It wasn't. This is thought to be due to the fact that the standard feed contains α-linolenic acid fatty acids, albeit in small amounts.

Table 2 shows the EPA/AA ratio determined from the experimental results in the same manner as in Actuate@1.

For your reference, the EPA of commercially available pork thighs and beef thighs
/AA ratios are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 shows that the ratio of EPA/AA in rat thigh meat is significantly higher when the feed of the present invention is used than when the standard feed is used.

Table 2 Icosapetaenoic acid/arachidonic acid (EPA,/
'AA) The above experimental results show that the method for producing animal food according to the present invention can provide animal food with an increased content of α-linolenic acid fatty acids.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 shows the proportion (%) of linoleic acid fatty acids and α-linolenic acid fatty acids in the fatty acid composition of quail eggs and liver obtained using the standard feed for quail and the feed of the present invention.
), and shows the proportion (%) of commercially available chicken eggs and chicken thighs as a reference. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the proportion (%) of urinary acid fatty acids and α-linoleic acid fatty acids in the fatty acid composition of rat thigh meat obtained using the standard feed and the feed of the present invention. The ratio (%) of commercially available pork and beef thigh meat is shown for reference. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the ratio (%) of linoleic acid fatty acids and α-linoleic acid fatty acids in the fatty acid composition of major foods. Agent Patent Attorney Shunichi Suzuki 1 Figure Fatty Acids (Percentage) B: Linoleic Fatty Acid Portion: Q-! 2 phosphoric acid fatty acids

Claims (1)

[Claims] By feeding livestock and poultry with feed that has a low content of linoleic acid fatty acids and a high content of α-linolenic fatty acids, animal foods with an increased content of α-linolenic fatty acids can be produced. A method for producing animal food, characterized in that: