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JPS6179310A - Output limiter of power amplifier - Google Patents

Output limiter of power amplifier

Info

Publication number
JPS6179310A
JPS6179310A JP59202517A JP20251784A JPS6179310A JP S6179310 A JPS6179310 A JP S6179310A JP 59202517 A JP59202517 A JP 59202517A JP 20251784 A JP20251784 A JP 20251784A JP S6179310 A JPS6179310 A JP S6179310A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
voltage
output
load
power
transistor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP59202517A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Shuichi Shimabayashi
島林 修一
Hideyasu Jikou
秀保 慈幸
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority to JP59202517A priority Critical patent/JPS6179310A/en
Publication of JPS6179310A publication Critical patent/JPS6179310A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03FAMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/02Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
    • H03F1/0205Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
    • H03F1/0211Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers with control of the supply voltage or current
    • H03F1/0244Stepped control

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To supply sufficient electric power at the transient time of a load and, at the same time, to limit output power at the time of a low-impendance load, when the supply voltage at the output stage of a power amplifier becomes lower than a fixed voltage, by detecting the low voltage and limiting the supply voltage of the voltage amplifying stage of the amplifier. CONSTITUTION:When the voltage of a power source terminal 11, voltage of a Zener diode (ZD)24, and resistances 27 and 28 are designated as VC, VZ, and R1 and R2, respectively, a transistor (TR)19 is turned of under a VC.R2/(R1+R 2)>VZ and turned on under a VC.R2/(R1+R2)<VZ. If resistances 35 and 36 are set in such a way that the emitter voltage Ve of a TR21 can become VZ1+VZ2-0.6 and the emittter voltage of another TR23 can also become a similar voltage when the TR19 is turned off and Zener voltages of ZDs 25 and 26 are respectively VZ1 and VZ2, the collector of a voltage amplifying TR1 can be amplified to the above-mentioned voltage. When the TR19 is turned on, the above-mentioned voltage becomes about Vz1-0.6 and the collector of the TR1 is limited to this voltage. Therefore, when the VZ, R1, and R2 are appropriately selected, the above-mentioned purpose can be realized.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は種々の負荷インピーダンスに対シ、効率的に電
力増幅するために、低インピーダンス負荷時に出力を制
限する電力増幅器の出力制限装置に関するものである。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to an output limiting device for a power amplifier that limits the output when the load is low impedance in order to efficiently amplify power for various load impedances. .

従来例の構成とその問題点 一般に電力増幅器はその接続される負荷インピーダンス
が低くなると、最大出力が大きくなるが、電力損失も大
きくなる。オーディオ用電力増幅器は、負荷となるスピ
ーカのインピーダンスはだい2 ぺ−7 たい4Ω〜8Ωの間に分布しているため、4Ω負荷時の
電力損失に対して電力増幅器の設計を行々わなければな
らない。しかしながら、前記のように4Ω負荷に対して
設計を行なっても、その負荷に8Ωが接続されることも
あるわけで、このときその許容電力損失に対して無駄が
生じる。
Conventional configurations and their problems In general, when a power amplifier is connected to a lower load impedance, its maximum output increases, but power loss also increases. In audio power amplifiers, the impedance of the speaker that serves as the load is distributed between approximately 4Ω and 8Ω, so the power amplifier must be designed to account for power loss when loaded with 4Ω. No. However, even if a design is made for a 4Ω load as described above, an 8Ω load may be connected to the load, and in this case, the allowable power loss is wasted.

このだめ、従来より低インピーダンス負荷時の最大出力
を制限し、負荷インピーダンスによる電力損失の変動を
出来るだけ小さくする工夫が行なわれてきた。以下にそ
のような従来の電力増幅器の出力制限装置の一例につい
て説明する。
To prevent this, conventional efforts have been made to limit the maximum output when a low impedance load is applied, and to minimize fluctuations in power loss due to load impedance. An example of such a conventional power amplifier output limiting device will be described below.

第1図は従来の電力増幅器の出力制限装置の一例を示し
たものである。1は電圧増幅トランジスタ、2,3はド
ライバトランジスタ、4,5は出力トランジスタ、6,
7は出力電流検出及び出力電流制限トランジスタ、8は
出力段バイアス電源、9は定電流源、10は出力端子、
11.12は電源に接続されている電源端子、13.1
4は出力トランジスタエミソタ抵抗、15〜18は出力
電流検出用抵抗である。
FIG. 1 shows an example of a conventional power amplifier output limiting device. 1 is a voltage amplification transistor, 2 and 3 are driver transistors, 4 and 5 are output transistors, 6,
7 is an output current detection and output current limiting transistor, 8 is an output stage bias power supply, 9 is a constant current source, 10 is an output terminal,
11.12 is the power terminal connected to the power supply, 13.1
4 is an output transistor emitter resistance, and 15 to 18 are output current detection resistors.

37、−7 ここで、抵抗13.14の抵抗値をR8、抵抗15.1
6の抵抗値をR1、抵抗17.18の抵抗値をR2、−
出力電流を工。、抵抗17.18それぞれの両端電圧を
vlとすると、 Vl:I o−R,、R2/  (R1+ R2)と々
る。このvlが約0.6v以上になるような出力電流工
。が流れた時、トランジスタ6.7はオン状態d○、ド
ライバ段以後のトランジスタ2〜6のベース電圧を制限
し、出力電流が制限される。このため、負荷インピーダ
ンスに対して第2図のように出力制限装置動作領域Tに
最大出力が制限される。即ち、負荷インピーダンスがあ
る一定以上の場合、出力制限装置は働かず最大出力は電
源電圧により電圧で制限され、一定以下の負荷インピー
ダンスでは出力制限装置が働き、最大出力は電流により
制限される。
37, -7 Here, the resistance value of resistor 13.14 is R8, and resistor 15.1
The resistance value of resistor 6 is R1, the resistance value of resistor 17.18 is R2, -
Adjust the output current. , and the voltage across each of the resistors 17 and 18 is vl, then Vl:Io-R,, R2/(R1+R2). The output current is such that this vl is approximately 0.6v or more. When the current flows, the transistor 6.7 enters an on state d◯, which limits the base voltage of the transistors 2 to 6 in the driver stage and beyond, thereby limiting the output current. Therefore, the maximum output is limited to the output limiting device operating region T as shown in FIG. 2 with respect to the load impedance. That is, when the load impedance is above a certain level, the output limiting device does not work and the maximum output is limited by the power supply voltage, and when the load impedance is below a certain level, the output limiting device operates and the maximum output is limited by the current.

しかしながら、オーディオ用電力増幅器の場合、接続さ
れる負荷がスピーカであり、通常、スピーカは過渡期に
おいてその公称インピーダンクより非常に低いインピー
ダンスと々るため、前記のような構成では過渡期におい
てスピーカに充分な電力を供給することが出来ず、異常
なりリップを起こし大きな高調波ノイズを発生するとい
う問題点があった。
However, in the case of an audio power amplifier, the connected load is a speaker, and the impedance of the speaker is usually much lower than its nominal impedance during the transient period. There was a problem in that it was not possible to supply sufficient power, causing abnormality or ripping, and generating large harmonic noise.

発明の目的 本発明は上記従来の問題点を解消するもので、スピーカ
等の負荷の過渡期に充分々電力を供給することを可能に
し、かつ低インピーダンス負荷時に出力電力を制限する
ことを可能とした電力増幅器の出力制限装置を提供する
ものである。
Purpose of the Invention The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and makes it possible to supply sufficient power during the transient period of a load such as a speaker, and to limit the output power when the load is low impedance. The present invention provides an output limiting device for a power amplifier.

発明の構成 本発明は電力増幅器の出力段の電源電圧がある一定以下
の電圧になった時、これを検出する検出手段と、前記検
出手段によって、前記出力段の電源電圧が一定以下の電
圧になったことを検出した時、前記電圧増幅段の電源電
圧を制限する制限手段とを備えた電力増幅器の出力制限
装置であり、負荷インピーダンスが低くなり電力増幅の
出力段の電源電圧がある一定以下に々っだ時、電圧増幅
段の電源電圧を制限し、最大出力を制限するため、51
、 過渡期のスピーカに対しては出力制限が働かず、充分々
電力供給が可能な出力制限ができるものである。
Structure of the Invention The present invention includes a detection means for detecting when the power supply voltage of the output stage of a power amplifier becomes a voltage below a certain level, and a detection means that detects when the power supply voltage of the output stage becomes a voltage below a certain level. A power amplifier output limiting device is provided with a limiting means for limiting the power supply voltage of the voltage amplification stage when it detects that the power supply voltage of the output stage of the power amplifier becomes lower than a certain level as the load impedance becomes lower. 51 to limit the power supply voltage of the voltage amplification stage and limit the maximum output when
, The output limit does not work on the speaker during the transition period, and the output limit can be set such that sufficient power can be supplied.

実施例の説明 第3図は本発明の一実施例の構成図である。尚、第3図
において第1図と同一部材には同一番号を付している、 19は出力段の電源電圧検出トランジスタ、20はスイ
ッチンクトランジスタ、21〜23は電圧増幅段電源電
圧制御用トランジスタ、24は基準電圧用ツェナーダイ
オード、25.26は電圧増幅8電源電圧基準電圧用ツ
エナーダイオード、27.28は電源電圧検出用抵抗、
29は時定数用コンデンサ、30へ36はトランジスタ
19P−23のバイアス用抵抗である。
DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENT FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. In Fig. 3, the same members as in Fig. 1 are given the same numbers. 19 is an output stage power supply voltage detection transistor, 20 is a switching transistor, and 21 to 23 are voltage amplification stage power supply voltage control transistors. , 24 is a Zener diode for reference voltage, 25.26 is a Zener diode for voltage amplification 8 power supply voltage reference voltage, 27.28 is a resistor for power supply voltage detection,
29 is a time constant capacitor, and 30 and 36 are bias resistors for the transistors 19P-23.

ここで電源端子11の電圧をV。、ツェナーダイオード
24の電圧をv2、抵抗27.28をそれぞれR1,R
2とすると、 Vo−R2/(R1+R2))V2 −・−・(1)の
状態でトランジスタ19はオフとカリ、6 /、 vo、R2/ 4R1+R2)(v2  −・・・(2
)の状態でトランジスタ19はオンとなる。次に、トラ
ンジスタ19がオフのときはトランジスタ2oもオフで
あるため、ツェナーダイオード26゜26のツェナー電
圧をそれぞれvZj l v22とすれば、トランジス
タ21のエミッタ電圧VeハはぼVe = v2. 十
v22− o、e (v)      ・・・・・・(
3)と々す、トランジスタ23のエミッタ電圧モ第(3
)式と同じ電圧になるように抵抗35.36を適当に設
定しておけば、電圧増幅トランジスタ1のコレクタは第
(3)式の電圧まで振幅することが出来る。
Here, the voltage of the power supply terminal 11 is set to V. , the voltage of the Zener diode 24 is v2, and the resistors 27.28 are R1 and R, respectively.
2, the transistor 19 is off and on in the state of Vo-R2/(R1+R2))V2--...(1), 6/, vo, R2/4R1+R2)(v2-...(2)
), the transistor 19 is turned on. Next, when the transistor 19 is off, the transistor 2o is also off, so if the Zener voltages of the Zener diodes 26 and 26 are respectively vZj l v22, the emitter voltage Ve of the transistor 21 is approximately Ve = v2. 10v22- o, e (v) ・・・・・・(
3) The emitter voltage of the transistor 23 (3)
) If the resistors 35 and 36 are appropriately set so that the voltage is the same as that of the equation (3), the collector of the voltage amplifying transistor 1 can swing up to the voltage of the equation (3).

またトランジスタ19がオンのときはトランジスタ2o
もオンとなり、トランジスタ21.23のエミッタ電圧
veはほぼ ve−v21−○、e (V)        ・・・
・・・(4)と々り電圧振幅トランジスタ1のコレクタ
は第(4)式の電圧に制限される。
Also, when transistor 19 is on, transistor 2o
is also turned on, and the emitter voltage ve of the transistor 21.23 is approximately ve-v21-○, e (V)...
(4) The collector of the voltage amplitude transistor 1 is limited to the voltage expressed by equation (4).

一般に、電力増幅器のBクラス出力回路の電源電圧は出
力が大きくなるに従って低下し、出力電圧が同じ場合に
は、負荷インピーダンスが低い程7 ・\−7 電源電圧は低下する。従って、ツェナーダイオード24
の電圧v2、及ヒ抵抗27.28(7)値R1゜R2を
それぞれ適当な値に選択することにより、一定尺下の負
荷インピーダンスの場合は最大出力時においても第(1
)式を満足し、一定尺下の負荷インピーダンスの場合は
一定以上の出力のとき第(2)式の条件になるようにす
ることが出来る。よって低負荷インピーダンス時の出力
制限が可能となる。
Generally, the power supply voltage of a B class output circuit of a power amplifier decreases as the output increases, and when the output voltage is the same, the lower the load impedance, the lower the power supply voltage. Therefore, the Zener diode 24
By selecting appropriate values for the voltage v2 and the resistance R1°R2, the (1st
), and if the load impedance is below a certain level, the condition of equation (2) can be satisfied when the output is above a certain level. Therefore, it is possible to limit the output when the load impedance is low.

以上のように本実施例では出力制限を電圧で行うため、
スピーカ負荷の過渡期において出力が制限されることな
く出力制限回路が実現できる。更に、第1図に示すよう
な従来例ではトランジスタ6.7がオンするために必要
なベース・エミッタ間電圧にバラツキや温度特性があり
、そのため、制限電流設定用に抵抗15〜18を可変抵
抗としたり、温度依存性抵抗素子等を使用したりしなけ
ればならないが、本実施例では出力制限をツェナーダイ
オードの電圧で設定しているため、無調整。
As described above, in this embodiment, output limitation is performed by voltage, so
An output limiting circuit can be realized without limiting the output during the transient period of the speaker load. Furthermore, in the conventional example shown in Figure 1, there are variations and temperature characteristics in the base-emitter voltage required for the transistor 6.7 to turn on. However, in this example, the output limit is set by the voltage of the Zener diode, so no adjustment is required.

無補償で実用上問題なく出力制限が行々える。また、負
荷インピーダンスの低下を電源電圧の低下で検出してい
るので、低負荷インピーダンス時において、音楽信号等
で出力が一時的に大きく力っでも、電源の容量によって
電源電圧が瞬時には低下し々いだめ、出力制限するとと
々く出力を取り出せる。更に、負荷インピーダンスの低
下を検出する手段と、出力制限手段とが別れているため
、出力制限を行ムう負荷インピーダンスと、制限電力と
をそれぞれ独立に設定することか出来る。
Output can be limited without any compensation without any practical problems. In addition, since a drop in load impedance is detected by a drop in power supply voltage, even if the output is temporarily large due to a music signal, etc. at low load impedance, the power supply voltage will not drop instantaneously due to the capacity of the power supply. If you limit the output, you can get more output at once. Furthermore, since the means for detecting a decrease in load impedance and the output limiting means are separate, the load impedance for which output is limited and the limiting power can be set independently.

発明の効果 電力増幅器の出力回路の電源電圧が一定以下になった時
、出力電圧を制限するようにしたことにより、スピーカ
負荷の過渡期に充分な電力を供給することを可能とし、
かつ低負荷インピーダンス負荷時の出力を制限すること
が出来、更に音楽信号゛などの瞬時的なピークを持つ信
号に対しては出力制限を行なわず、連続波出力時のみ制
限を行うことが出来る。その他にも、出力制限を行々う
負荷インピーダンス値と出力の制限電力がそれぞれ単独
に設定できる等、数々の優れた効果を得ることが出来る
電力増幅器の出力制限装置を実現でき9 べ−1 るものである。
Effects of the Invention By limiting the output voltage when the power supply voltage of the output circuit of the power amplifier falls below a certain level, it is possible to supply sufficient power during the transient period of the speaker load.
Furthermore, it is possible to limit the output when the load is a low impedance load, and furthermore, it is possible to limit the output only when a continuous wave is output, without limiting the output for a signal having an instantaneous peak such as a music signal. In addition, it is possible to realize a power amplifier output limiting device that can obtain a number of excellent effects, such as being able to independently set the load impedance value that limits the output and the output limiting power. It is something.

【図面の簡単な説明】 第1図は従来例の回路図、第2図は従来例における負荷
と最大出力の関係を表わす図、第3圀は本発明の一実施
例の電力増幅器の出力制限装置の+m路図である。 1・・・・・・電圧増幅トランジスタ、2,3・・・・
・・ドライバートランジスタ、4,6・・・・・・出力
トランジスタ、6,7・・・・・出力電流検出及び出力
電流制限トランジスタ、8・・・・・・出力段バイアス
電源、9・・・・・・定電流源、10・・・・・・出力
、11.12・・・・・電源端子、13.14・・・・
・出力トランジスタエミッタ抵抗、16〜18・・・・
・出力電流検出抵抗、19・・・・・・出力段電源電圧
検出トランジスタ、2o・・・・・・スイ段 ソチングトランジスタ、21〜23・・・・・・電圧増
巾「電源電圧制御用トランジスタ、24〜26・・・・
・・基準電圧用ツェナーダイオード、27.28・・・
・・・電源電圧検出用抵抗、29・・・・・・時定数用
コンデンサ30〜36・・・・・バイアス用抵抗。 代理人の氏名 弁理士 中 尾 敏 男 ほか1名第1
図 第2図
[Brief Description of the Drawings] Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a conventional example, Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between load and maximum output in the conventional example, and Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the output limit of a power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a +m path diagram of the device. 1... Voltage amplification transistor, 2, 3...
...Driver transistor, 4,6...Output transistor, 6,7...Output current detection and output current limiting transistor, 8...Output stage bias power supply, 9... ...Constant current source, 10...Output, 11.12...Power terminal, 13.14...
・Output transistor emitter resistance, 16 to 18...
・Output current detection resistor, 19... Output stage power supply voltage detection transistor, 2o... Switch stage soching transistor, 21 to 23... Voltage amplification "for power supply voltage control Transistor, 24-26...
・・Zener diode for reference voltage, 27.28...
... Resistor for power supply voltage detection, 29 ... Capacitor for time constant 30-36 ... Resistor for bias. Name of agent: Patent attorney Toshio Nakao and 1 other person No. 1
Figure 2

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 出力段の電源電圧を検出する検出手段と、前記検出手段
によって、前記出力段の電源電圧が一定以下になったこ
とを検出した時、電圧増幅段の電源電圧を制限する制限
手段とを備えたことを特徴とする電力増幅器の出力制限
装置。
A detection means for detecting the power supply voltage of the output stage, and a limiting means for limiting the power supply voltage of the voltage amplification stage when the detection means detects that the power supply voltage of the output stage has become below a certain level. An output limiting device for a power amplifier, characterized in that:
JP59202517A 1984-09-27 1984-09-27 Output limiter of power amplifier Pending JPS6179310A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59202517A JPS6179310A (en) 1984-09-27 1984-09-27 Output limiter of power amplifier

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59202517A JPS6179310A (en) 1984-09-27 1984-09-27 Output limiter of power amplifier

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6179310A true JPS6179310A (en) 1986-04-22

Family

ID=16458798

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP59202517A Pending JPS6179310A (en) 1984-09-27 1984-09-27 Output limiter of power amplifier

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS6179310A (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US7714661B2 (en) 2002-01-24 2010-05-11 Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. Single supply direct drive amplifier
US8000113B2 (en) 2009-04-07 2011-08-16 Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. Efficient power regulation for class-E amplifiers
US8476978B2 (en) 2002-01-24 2013-07-02 Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. Headphone driver/charge pump combination
US8593830B2 (en) 2010-06-29 2013-11-26 Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. Reverse current limit protection for active clamp converters

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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US8476978B2 (en) 2002-01-24 2013-07-02 Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. Headphone driver/charge pump combination
US8638170B2 (en) 2002-01-24 2014-01-28 Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. Single supply headphone driver/charge pump combination
US8000113B2 (en) 2009-04-07 2011-08-16 Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. Efficient power regulation for class-E amplifiers
US8593830B2 (en) 2010-06-29 2013-11-26 Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. Reverse current limit protection for active clamp converters

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