JPS60225827A - Antidazzle reflecting mirror - Google Patents
Antidazzle reflecting mirrorInfo
- Publication number
- JPS60225827A JPS60225827A JP8271984A JP8271984A JPS60225827A JP S60225827 A JPS60225827 A JP S60225827A JP 8271984 A JP8271984 A JP 8271984A JP 8271984 A JP8271984 A JP 8271984A JP S60225827 A JPS60225827 A JP S60225827A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- type liquid
- crystal element
- polarizing member
- light
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 153
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004988 Nematic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010011224 Cough Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
- G02F1/13475—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells in which at least one liquid crystal cell or layer is doped with a pleochroic dye, e.g. GH-LC cell
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［産業上の利用分野１
本丸用は、液晶素子を利用する防眩反射鏡の改良に関す
る。本発明の防眩反射鏡は、液晶駆動回路が故障した場
合でも、後方の確認に十分な反射率を確保し得るもので
あり、自動車のルームミラー、あるいはサイドミラーと
して有用である。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application 1] This invention relates to improvement of an anti-glare reflector using a liquid crystal element. The anti-glare reflector of the present invention can ensure sufficient reflectance for checking the rear even if the liquid crystal drive circuit fails, and is useful as a rearview mirror or side mirror of an automobile.
［従来の技術］
液晶素子を用いる防眩反射鏡は、反射部材の前方に透過
率を変化させ得る液晶素子を配置し、該透過率を制御力
ることによって、反射鏡としての反射率を制御するもの
である。[Prior Art] An anti-glare reflective mirror using a liquid crystal element has a liquid crystal element capable of changing transmittance placed in front of a reflective member, and by controlling the transmittance, the reflectance of the mirror is controlled. It is something to do.
従来防眩反射鏡に用いる液晶素子としては、液晶の動的
散乱を利用するＣ１Ｓ型と異なり、防眩時においても数
パーセントの反射率を確保し得る程度の光の透過率を得
られるゲストポスト（ＧＨ）タイプの液晶素子が用いら
れている。Conventional liquid crystal elements used in anti-glare reflectors are different from the C1S type, which utilizes dynamic scattering of liquid crystals, and Guest Post, which can obtain a light transmittance that can maintain a reflectance of several percent even when anti-glare is in effect. (GH) type liquid crystal element is used.
ＧＨ型液晶素子は、平行に相対向する基板と、該基板間
に介在する染料が添加された液晶層と、該液晶層に電界
を印加する電極とから成る。液晶及び該液晶に添加され
た染料の分子軸は、無電界時には、基板と平行な特定方
向に配向している。A GH type liquid crystal element consists of substrates facing each other in parallel, a dye-doped liquid crystal layer interposed between the substrates, and an electrode for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer. The molecular axes of the liquid crystal and the dye added to the liquid crystal are oriented in a specific direction parallel to the substrate when no electric field is applied.
また、電界印加時には、基板と垂直の方向に配向する。Furthermore, when an electric field is applied, the particles are oriented in a direction perpendicular to the substrate.
従って、無電界時には、入射光（正確には、前記染料に
よって特定される特定波長の入射光）の前記特定方向の
成分は、前記染料にＪ、って吸収され、その透過率は減
小する。一方、電界印加時には、分子軸が光軸と平行に
配向するため入射光の偏光方向に関係なく前記染料によ
る光の吸収は行なわれない。従って透過率は高い。Therefore, when there is no electric field, the component of the incident light (more precisely, the incident light of a specific wavelength specified by the dye) in the specific direction is absorbed by the dye by J, and its transmittance decreases. . On the other hand, when an electric field is applied, the molecular axis is oriented parallel to the optical axis, so the dye does not absorb light regardless of the polarization direction of the incident light. Therefore, the transmittance is high.
上記の如＜ Ｇ Ｈ型液晶素子を用いる防眩反Ｉｔ鏡は
、無電界時に防眩状態となり、電界印加時に非防眩状態
となる。故に、液晶層ｒの駆動回路が故障した場合には
、好むと好まざるとにかかわらず防眩状態となってしま
うという欠点を有する。An anti-glare anti-It mirror using a H-type liquid crystal element as described above is in an anti-glare state when no electric field is applied, and is in a non-anti-glare state when an electric field is applied. Therefore, if the drive circuit for the liquid crystal layer r breaks down, there is a drawback that the anti-glare state will occur whether you like it or not.
［発明が解決しようとする問題点］
本発明は、上記事情に鑑み、案出されたものであり、Ｇ
Ｈ型液晶素子を用いる防眩反射鏡において、駆動回路が
故障した場合においても視界を確保し得る程度の反射率
を得んとするものである。[Problems to be solved by the invention] The present invention has been devised in view of the above circumstances, and is
In an anti-glare reflector using an H-type liquid crystal element, the objective is to obtain a reflectance sufficient to ensure visibility even if the drive circuit fails.
［問題点を解決するための手段］
本発明は、ＧＨ型液晶素子を用いる防眩反射鏡において
、二層式０１−１素子にお【ノる各Ｇ Ｈ型液晶素子の
中間、又は一層成ＧＨ素子における偏光板とＧＨ型液晶
素子の中間にツイストネマティック（ＴＮ＞型液晶素子
を介在させたものである。ここに二層式Ｇ １］素子と
は、二つのＧＨ型液晶素子を夫々の液晶の分子軸の配向
方向が相互に直交関係となるように積層したものである
。又、一層成ＧＨ素子とは、偏光板とＧＨ型液晶素子と
を同様に積層したものである。一般にＧ１−１型液晶素
子を光の透過率を変化させる部材として用いる場合には
、上記いずれかのタイプが用いられている。[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention provides an anti-glare reflector using a GH type liquid crystal element, in which a two-layer type 01-1 element is provided with an intermediate layer between each GH type liquid crystal element, or a single layer. A twisted nematic (TN> type liquid crystal element is interposed between the polarizing plate and the GH type liquid crystal element in the GH element.A two-layer type G1) element is a device in which two GH type liquid crystal elements are separated from each other. The liquid crystals are laminated so that the orientation directions of their molecular axes are orthogonal to each other.Also, a single-layer GH element is one in which a polarizing plate and a GH type liquid crystal element are laminated in the same way.Generally, G1 When using a -1 type liquid crystal element as a member for changing light transmittance, one of the above types is used.
第１図は本発明の構成を概念的に表わす模式図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram conceptually showing the configuration of the present invention.
即ち本発明は、入射光線Ｒの少なくとも一部のスペクト
ラムにおいて偏光特性を有する偏光部材１又は３と、
液晶層の分子軸の配向方向が前記偏光部材によって偏光
された光の偏光方向に平行ぐあり、該偏光部材と平行に
配置されたゲストホスト型液晶素子３又は１と、
前記偏光部材１又は３と前記ゲストホスト型液晶素子３
又は１との間に配設されたツイストネマティック型液晶
素子２と、
前記偏光部材１又は３と、前記ツイストネマティック型
液晶素子２ど、前記ゲストポスト型液晶素子３又は１の
少なくとも液晶層とを透過した光を反射する反射部材４
と、
から成ることを特徴とする防眩豐反ｌ）Ｊ鏡である。That is, the present invention provides a polarizing member 1 or 3 having a polarizing property in at least a part of the spectrum of the incident light ray R, and a liquid crystal layer in which the orientation direction of the molecular axis of the liquid crystal layer is parallel to the polarization direction of the light polarized by the polarizing member. , a guest-host type liquid crystal element 3 or 1 arranged in parallel with the polarizing member, the polarizing member 1 or 3 and the guest-host type liquid crystal element 3
or 1, the polarizing member 1 or 3, and at least the liquid crystal layer of the twisted nematic liquid crystal element 2 or the guest post liquid crystal element 3 or 1. Reflection member 4 that reflects the transmitted light
It is an anti-glare mirror characterized by consisting of and.
偏光部材１又は３は、少なくとも防眩時において、入射
光の特定の偏光方向の光成分を少なくともその一部のス
ペクトラムにおいて吸収する機能を有する。ここに入射
光とは空気中から該偏光部材１に入射づる光Ｒ又は、後
述するＴＮ型液晶素子２から該偏光部材３に入射する光
をいう。即ち、偏光部材は、第１図に示す１又は３の位
置に配置する。偏光部材１又は３としては、前述のＧＨ
型液晶素子（これは電界印加時には上記光の吸収機能を
失う）あるいは偏光板を用いることができる。The polarizing member 1 or 3 has a function of absorbing a light component of a specific polarization direction of incident light in at least a part of its spectrum, at least during anti-glare. Here, the incident light refers to light R that enters the polarizing member 1 from the air, or light that enters the polarizing member 3 from a TN type liquid crystal element 2, which will be described later. That is, the polarizing member is placed at position 1 or 3 shown in FIG. As the polarizing member 1 or 3, the above-mentioned GH
A type liquid crystal element (which loses the above-mentioned light absorption function when an electric field is applied) or a polarizing plate can be used.
偏光板としては一般に薄い高分子膜に２色性染料を一定
方向に配列させたものが用いられる。As a polarizing plate, a thin polymer film in which dichroic dyes are arranged in a certain direction is generally used.
ＧＨ型液晶素子３又は１は後述するＴＮ型液晶素子２を
挾み上記偏光部材１ヌは３と反対側に配置する。即ち第
１図において、１を偏光部材とした揚台は、３をＧ１−
１型液晶素子とし、逆に３を偏光部材とした場合には、
１をＧ Ｈ型液晶素子とする。ＧＨ型液晶素子は上記偏
光部材と同様の機能を有する。但し、このＧＨ型液晶素
子３又は１によって吸収される光の成分は、上記偏光部
材１又は３によって吸収される光の成分と、直交関係と
なるように配置する。即ち、このＧ Ｈ型液晶素子の液
晶の分子軸の配向方向と、上記偏光部材の液晶の分子軸
あるいは二色性染料の分子軸の配向方向とは、直交関係
どなるように配置ｔｆｆする。The GH type liquid crystal element 3 or 1 is placed on the opposite side of the polarizing member 1 with the TN type liquid crystal element 2, which will be described later, sandwiched therebetween. In other words, in FIG. 1, the platform with 1 as a polarizing member, and 3 with G1-
When using a type 1 liquid crystal element and conversely using 3 as a polarizing member,
1 is a G H type liquid crystal element. The GH type liquid crystal element has the same function as the polarizing member described above. However, the light component absorbed by the GH type liquid crystal element 3 or 1 is arranged so as to be orthogonal to the light component absorbed by the polarizing member 1 or 3. That is, the orientation direction of the molecular axis of the liquid crystal of this G H type liquid crystal element and the orientation direction of the molecular axis of the liquid crystal or the dichroic dye of the polarizing member are arranged in such a manner that they are perpendicular to each other (tff).
ＴＮ型液晶素子２は前記偏光部材と前記ＧＨ型液晶素子
との間に配置覆る。Ｔ’ Ｎ型液晶素子２は、無電界時
において、偏光部材又はＧ１−１型液晶累子から入射す
る光を９０°旋光してイれぞれ０ｔ−１型液晶素子又は
偏光部材へ出射する機能を有する。A TN type liquid crystal element 2 is disposed between and covers the polarizing member and the GH type liquid crystal element. In the absence of an electric field, the T'N type liquid crystal element 2 rotates the light incident from the polarizing member or the G1-1 type liquid crystal crystal by 90 degrees and outputs the light to the 0t-1 type liquid crystal element or the polarizing member, respectively. Has a function.
ＴＮ型液晶素子２は、平行に相対向する基板２１．２２
と、該基板間に封入された液晶層２０と、該液晶層に電
界を印加する電極とから成る。液晶の分子軸２０１の配
向方向は、一方の基板２１に近い側と他方の基板２２に
近い側とで９０’捩れ、夫々隣接する部材１又は３の液
晶又は２色性染料の分子軸１０１．３０１の配向方向ど
平行になっている。The TN type liquid crystal element 2 has substrates 21 and 22 facing each other in parallel.
, a liquid crystal layer 20 sealed between the substrates, and an electrode for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer. The orientation direction of the molecular axis 201 of the liquid crystal is twisted by 90' on the side closer to one substrate 21 and the other side closer to the substrate 22, and the molecular axis 101. of the liquid crystal or dichroic dye of the adjacent member 1 or 3 is twisted by 90'. The orientation directions of 301 are parallel to each other.
反射部材４は上記部材（偏光部材、ＴＮ型液晶素子、Ｇ
Ｈ型液晶素子）の後方に配置され、上記各部材を透過
した光を反射し、再び、上記各部材を通して前方へ送り
返す機能を有する。ここに前方及び後方とは、光源に近
い側を前方とし、遠い側を後方とするものである。反射
部材４は第１図に示すように、上記各部材とは別個の部
材として構成してもよく、あるいは第１図に示す部材３
の後方側の基板３２の内端面にアルミニウム、銀、ニッ
ケル、クロム等で電極を形成し、これを反射膜として兼
用したものでもよい。あるいは該基板３２を透明体にて
構成し、その内端面には透明電極を形成し、外端面にア
ルミニウム、銀、ニッケル、クロム等の反射膜を形成し
てもよい。The reflective member 4 includes the above members (polarizing member, TN type liquid crystal element, G
It is placed behind the H-type liquid crystal element) and has the function of reflecting the light that has passed through each of the above members and sending it back to the front through each of the above members. Here, "front" and "back" mean that the side closer to the light source is the front and the side farther from the light source is the rear. As shown in FIG. 1, the reflecting member 4 may be configured as a separate member from the above-mentioned members, or it may be constructed as a separate member from the member 3 shown in FIG.
An electrode made of aluminum, silver, nickel, chromium, etc. may be formed on the inner end surface of the substrate 32 on the rear side, and this may also be used as a reflective film. Alternatively, the substrate 32 may be made of a transparent material, a transparent electrode may be formed on the inner end surface, and a reflective film of aluminum, silver, nickel, chromium, etc. may be formed on the outer end surface.
［作用１ 本発明の防眩反射鏡は、以下の如く機能する。[Effect 1 The anti-glare reflector of the present invention functions as follows.
第２図及び第４図はそれぞれ本発明及び従来の防眩反射
鏡において、光の透過率を変化させるために用いる部材
（偏光部材、ＴＮ型液晶素子、ＧＨ型液晶素子）の説明
図であり、（Ａ＞は防眩状態、（Ｂ）は非防眩状態、（
Ｃ）は駆動回路の故障状態を夫々表わす。尚、第２図及
び第４図において紙面に垂直な方向をＸ軸方向とする。FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 are explanatory diagrams of members (polarizing member, TN type liquid crystal element, GH type liquid crystal element) used to change the light transmittance in the present invention and the conventional anti-glare reflector, respectively. , (A> is the anti-glare state, (B) is the non-dazzle state, (
C) represents each failure state of the drive circuit. Note that in FIGS. 2 and 4, the direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper is the X-axis direction.
又、１．３はいずれも（偏光板ではなく）ＧＨ型液晶素
子として説明する。また、偏光方向とは電気ベクトルの
方向をいう。In addition, 1.3 will be explained as a GH type liquid crystal element (not a polarizing plate). Furthermore, the polarization direction refers to the direction of an electric vector.
まず、防眩状態は、第２図（Ａ）に示すようにＴ’ Ｎ
型液晶素子に電界を印加しくオン状態〉、ＧＨ型液晶素
子１．３を無電界状ｆｆ１ｌ（７１）状態）とすること
により実現される。自然光Ｒ＆よ、まず、ＧＨ型液晶素
子１に入射し、その特定スペクトラムのＸ成分が吸収さ
れＹ偏光Ｒｙ （ｌｉａ光方向がＹ軸方向の偏光）とな
る。液晶の分子軸１０１がＸ軸方向に配向しているから
である。次にＹ偏光１＜ｙはＴＮ型液晶素子２に入射す
るがＴＮ型液晶素子２では分子軸２０１の配向方向がＬ
Ｂ板に対し垂直であるため、光の旋光は発生せず、ぞの
ままＧト１型液晶素了３に入射する。Ｇ ｌ−１型液晶
素了３（・は液晶の分子軸３０１がＹ軸方向に配向して
いるためＹ成分が吸収される。従って、透過光ＧＩＸ成
分、Ｙ成分共に飽和吸収されたものとなり防眩状態が実
現される。ここに飽和吸収とはｃ ＋ ＋ ！ｖｒ液晶
素子１．３に添加された染料によって特定される特定ス
ペクトラムの光がすへて吸収された状態をいう。従って
、この防眩状態において、特定の波長におＩプる反射鏡
としての反射率が低下し、着色された防眩映像が得られ
る。First, the anti-glare state is T'N as shown in FIG. 2(A).
This is achieved by applying an electric field to the GH type liquid crystal element (on state) and placing the GH type liquid crystal element 1.3 in the no-electric field ff1l (71) state). Natural light R& first enters the GH type liquid crystal element 1, and the X component of its specific spectrum is absorbed and becomes Y-polarized light Ry (polarized light whose lia light direction is the Y-axis direction). This is because the molecular axis 101 of the liquid crystal is oriented in the X-axis direction. Next, the Y polarized light 1<y enters the TN type liquid crystal element 2, but in the TN type liquid crystal element 2, the orientation direction of the molecular axis 201 is L.
Since the light is perpendicular to the B plate, no optical rotation occurs and the light enters the G type 1 liquid crystal element 3 as it is. Since the molecular axis 301 of the liquid crystal is oriented in the Y-axis direction, the Y component is absorbed. Therefore, both the GIX component and the Y component of the transmitted light are saturated and absorbed. An anti-glare state is realized. Here, saturated absorption refers to a state in which light of a specific spectrum specified by the dye added to the c + +!vr liquid crystal element 1.3 has been completely absorbed. Therefore, In this anti-glare state, the reflectance of the reflector at a specific wavelength decreases, and a colored anti-glare image is obtained.
非防眩状態は、第２図（Ｂ）に示づように、ＧＨ型液晶
素子１．３のオン状態によって実現される。なおＴＮ型
液晶素子２はオン状態、オフ状態いずれであってもよい
。まず、自然光Ｒは、ＧＨ型液晶素子１に入射づる。オ
ン状態のＧ１−１型液晶素子１では、分子軸の配向方向
が基板に垂直となっているため、光の吸収は発生しない
。次に自然光Ｒは、ＴＮ型液晶素子に入射づる。しかし
入射光が自然光Ｒであるため旋光されても（オフ状態）
されなくても（７Ｉン状態）影響はない。次に自然光Ｒ
は、ＧＨ型液晶素子３に入射づる。Ｇ１−１型液晶素子
３の分子軸３０１の配向方向は、図のように、基板に垂
直であるため、やはり吸収は発生しない。従って非防眩
状態が実現される。The non-glare state is realized by turning on the GH type liquid crystal element 1.3, as shown in FIG. 2(B). Note that the TN type liquid crystal element 2 may be in either an on state or an off state. First, natural light R enters the GH type liquid crystal element 1. In the G1-1 type liquid crystal element 1 in the on state, the orientation direction of the molecular axes is perpendicular to the substrate, so no light absorption occurs. Next, the natural light R enters the TN type liquid crystal element. However, since the incident light is natural light R, even if it is optically rotated (off state)
Even if it is not done (7IN state), there is no effect. Next, natural light R
is incident on the GH type liquid crystal element 3. Since the orientation direction of the molecular axis 301 of the G1-1 type liquid crystal element 3 is perpendicular to the substrate as shown in the figure, no absorption occurs as well. Therefore, a non-glare state is realized.
駆動回路の故障状態は第２図（Ｃ）に示すように、ＧＨ
型液晶素子１．３及びＴ Ｎ型液晶素子２のオフ状態で
表わされる。自然光Ｒは、まず、Ｇ１」型液晶素子１に
入射し、そのＸ成分が吸収される。次にＹ偏光ＲｙはＴ
Ｎ型液晶素子２に入射し、９０°旋光される。即ら該Ｙ
１ｇ光Ｒｙの偏光方向はＸ軸方向となる。以下９０°旋
光きれたＹ偏光をＲｙｘという。ＲｙｘはＧ（−１型液
晶素子に入射するがＧ）−１型液晶素子３にａ３いでＲ
ｙＸは吸収されず、そのまま透過する。なんとなれば分
子軸３０１はＹ軸方向に配向しているからである。した
がって故障状態における光の吸収は、ＧＨ型液晶素子１
のみによる吸収（Ｘ成分のみの吸収）である。即ち、透
過率は前記防眩状態に比し高い。The failure state of the drive circuit is as shown in Figure 2 (C).
This is represented by the OFF state of the TN type liquid crystal element 1.3 and the TN type liquid crystal element 2. Natural light R first enters the G1'' type liquid crystal element 1, and its X component is absorbed. Next, Y polarized light Ry is T
The light enters the N-type liquid crystal element 2 and is optically rotated by 90°. That is, the Y
The polarization direction of the 1g light Ry is the X-axis direction. Hereinafter, Y-polarized light that has been optically rotated by 90° will be referred to as Ryx. Ryx is G (incident to -1 type liquid crystal element, but G) -1 type liquid crystal element 3 is R at a3.
yX is not absorbed and passes through as is. This is because the molecular axis 301 is oriented in the Y-axis direction. Therefore, the absorption of light in the failure state is
(absorption of only the X component). That is, the transmittance is higher than that in the anti-glare state.
これに対し、従来用いられている光の透過率を変化させ
る部材では第４図に示づように防眩状態（Ａ）、故障状
態（Ｃ）、いずれもＧ１−１型液晶素子１及び３におい
て光が吸収される。中間にＹ偏光Ｉｎを９００旋光しＲ
ＶＸとするＴＮ型液晶素子が介在しないからである。し
たがって故障状態においては、防眩状態が実現されてし
まう。On the other hand, in the conventionally used member that changes the light transmittance, as shown in FIG. Light is absorbed at . Rotate Y polarized light In in the middle by 900 and R
This is because there is no intervening TN type liquid crystal element as VX. Therefore, in a failure state, an anti-glare state is realized.
［実施例］ 以下本発明を具体的な実施例に基づき説明する。[Example] The present invention will be explained below based on specific examples.
第３図は本発明の実施例の防眩反射鏡の断面模式図であ
る。FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an anti-glare reflector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
第３図に示すように、本実施例の防眩反射鏡は、ＧＨ型
液晶素子１と、ＴＮ型液晶素子２と、ＧＨ型液液晶イ３
とが積層され、更に後方に反射鏡４がＧ Ｈ型液晶素子
３と角θをなし配置された構造を成す。この角θは反射
鏡４による反射映像が各基板１１．１５．２５．３５の
表面からの反射映像とだぶらないようにするためのもの
である。As shown in FIG. 3, the anti-glare reflector of this embodiment includes a GH type liquid crystal element 1, a TN type liquid crystal element 2, and a GH type liquid crystal element 3.
are laminated, and a reflecting mirror 4 is arranged at an angle θ with the GH type liquid crystal element 3 at the rear. This angle θ is intended to prevent the image reflected by the reflecting mirror 4 from overlapping the image reflected from the surface of each substrate 11, 15, 25, 35.
ＧＨ型液晶素子１は平行に相対向する基板１１．１５と
該基板１１．１５間に封入された液晶層１０と該液晶層
１０を封入づるスペーナ１４と液晶層１０に電界を印加
するための透明電極１２．１６とから成り、液晶層１０
には染料が添加されている。ここに、液晶としてメルク
ＺＬｒ−１６９４を、また染料として黒色染料を０．５
ｘｔ％！用いている。また、透明電極１２．１６の内端
面上には、液晶をＹ軸方向に配向するための配向膜１３
．１７ベ、形成されている。尚、１０１は液晶の分子軸
の配向方向を示す。The GH type liquid crystal element 1 includes substrates 11.15 facing each other in parallel, a liquid crystal layer 10 sealed between the substrates 11.15, a spanner 14 sealing the liquid crystal layer 10, and a spacer 14 for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer 10. It consists of transparent electrodes 12 and 16, and a liquid crystal layer 10.
dyes are added. Here, Merck ZLr-1694 was used as a liquid crystal, and 0.5% of a black dye was used as a dye.
xt%! I am using it. Further, on the inner end surface of the transparent electrode 12.16, an alignment film 13 for aligning the liquid crystal in the Y-axis direction is provided.
．． 17 be formed. Note that 101 indicates the orientation direction of the molecular axis of the liquid crystal.
ＴＮ型液晶素子２は平行に相対向する基板１５．２５と
該基板間に封入された液晶層２０と該液晶層２０を封入
づるスベー＋Ｊ２４と液晶層２０に型基板１５は前記Ｇ
ｌ−１型液晶索子１の基板１５と兼用されている。基
板１５．２５の内端面には配向膜２３．２７が形成され
液晶の分子軸を図に示Ｊ如く、前記Ｇ Ｈ型液晶素子１
に近い側では該Ｇ Ｈ型液晶素子１の液晶の分子軸の配
向と同方向としＧ）−１型液晶素子３に近い側では該Ｇ
１−１型液晶索了３の液晶の分子軸の配向方向と同方向
としている。The TN type liquid crystal element 2 includes substrates 15 and 25 facing each other in parallel, a liquid crystal layer 20 sealed between the substrates, a substrate 15 containing the liquid crystal layer 20, and a mold substrate 15 between the liquid crystal layer 20 and the liquid crystal layer 20.
It is also used as the substrate 15 of the l-1 type liquid crystal probe 1. An alignment film 23.27 is formed on the inner end surface of the substrate 15.25, and the molecular axis of the liquid crystal is aligned with the G H type liquid crystal element 1 as shown in the figure.
On the side closer to G)-1 type liquid crystal element 3, the direction is the same as the orientation of the molecular axis of the liquid crystal of H type liquid crystal element 1.
The orientation direction is the same as the orientation direction of the molecular axes of the liquid crystal of the 1-1 type liquid crystal liner 3.
Ｇ Ｈ型液晶素子３の構成、及び液晶ど染料の材料は、
略Ｇ ｌ−１型液晶素子１と同様である。但し、Ｇ１−
１型液晶素子３の液晶の分子軸の配向り向は前記Ｇ Ｈ
型液晶素子１の液晶の分子軸の配向方向と直交関係にあ
る。The configuration of the G H-type liquid crystal element 3 and the material of the liquid crystal dye are as follows:
This is approximately the same as the G1-1 type liquid crystal element 1. However, G1-
The orientation direction of the molecular axes of the liquid crystal of the type 1 liquid crystal element 3 is the above-mentioned G H
This is orthogonal to the orientation direction of the molecular axes of the liquid crystal of the type liquid crystal element 1.
これらＧＨ型液晶素子１、ＴＮ型液晶素１？、ＧＨ型液
晶素子３、は夫々駆動回路７１．７２．７３によって駆
動される。These GH type liquid crystal element 1, TN type liquid crystal element 1? , GH type liquid crystal element 3 are driven by drive circuits 71, 72, and 73, respectively.
次に本実施例の防眩反射鏡の作用を説明する。Next, the function of the anti-glare reflector of this embodiment will be explained.
自然光Ｒが入射すると、防眩状態においては、第２図（
Ａ）で説明したように、まず、ＧＨ型液晶素子１におい
て自然光ＲのＹ成分が吸収され、咳Ｙ成分が吸収された
偏光Ｒ×は、ＴＮ型液晶素子２において、・でのまま透
過し、ＧＨ型液晶素子３におい−（さらにＸ成分が吸収
される。このようにしてＹ成分、Ｘ成分ともに飽和吸収
された光は、反射鏡４において、反射され、同様の過程
を辿り、反射光Ｒｒとして出て行く。このときの反射率
は６％であった。When natural light R enters, in the anti-glare state, as shown in Fig. 2 (
As explained in A), first, the Y component of the natural light R is absorbed in the GH type liquid crystal element 1, and the polarized light Rx with the cough Y component absorbed is transmitted through the TN type liquid crystal element 2 as is. , in the GH type liquid crystal element 3 - (further, the X component is absorbed. In this way, the light with both the Y component and the It exits as Rr.The reflectance at this time was 6%.
非防眩状態においては、第２図（Ｂ）において説明した
ように、自然光Ｒは、ＧＨ型液晶素子１．１Ｎ型液晶素
子２、Ｇ ｌ−１型液晶素子３をそのまま透過し、反射
鏡４で反射され／ｊ後、反射光Ｒ「として出ていく。こ
の場合の反射率はＥ５０％であつｌこ 。In the non-glare state, as explained in FIG. 2(B), the natural light R passes through the GH type liquid crystal element 1, the 1N type liquid crystal element 2, and the Gl-1 type liquid crystal element 3, and passes through the reflecting mirror. 4 and then exits as reflected light R. In this case, the reflectance is E50%.
故障状態においては、第２図（Ｃ）において説明したよ
うに自然光Ｒは、ＧＨ型液晶素子１においてＹ成分を吸
収され、該Ｙ成分を吸収された偏光Ｒｘは、ＴＮ型液晶
素子２において９０°旋光され、該旋光された偏光Ｒｘ
ｙは、ＧＨ型液晶素子３で吸収されることなく反射鏡４
に至る。藺射鏡４で反射された偏光ＲＸＶは、同様の過
程を逆に辿 −リ、反射光Ｒｒとして出ていく。この場
合の反則率は２５％であった。即ち、故障時における光
の吸収は、ＧＨ型液晶素子１のみで発生りるため、反射
率の低下の程度も防眩状態における反則率の低下はどで
はない。In the failure state, as explained in FIG. 2(C), the Y component of the natural light R is absorbed in the GH type liquid crystal element 1, and the polarized light Rx with the Y component absorbed becomes 90% in the TN type liquid crystal element 2. ° optically rotated and the rotated polarized light Rx
y is reflected by the reflecting mirror 4 without being absorbed by the GH type liquid crystal element 3.
leading to. The polarized light RXV reflected by the mirror 4 follows the same process in reverse and emerges as reflected light Rr. The foul rate in this case was 25%. That is, since light absorption occurs only in the GH type liquid crystal element 1 at the time of failure, the degree of decrease in reflectance does not depend on the decrease in foul rate in the anti-glare state.
尚、本実施例において偏光部材どしてはＧ Ｉ−１型液
晶素子を用いたが、これは偏光板を用いでもよい。但し
、偏光板を用いた場合には、ノ１防眩状態においても該
偏光板はＸ成分く又はＹ成分〉の吸収を行う。即ち、非
防眩状態におりる透過率は、前記偏光部材としてＧＨ型
液晶素子を用いた場合に比し、低下する。In this embodiment, a G I-1 type liquid crystal element was used as the polarizing member, but a polarizing plate may also be used instead. However, when a polarizing plate is used, the polarizing plate absorbs the X component or the Y component even in the No. 1 anti-glare state. That is, the transmittance in the non-glare state is lower than when a GH type liquid crystal element is used as the polarizing member.
［発明の効果］
以上要するに本発明はＧ Ｈ型液晶素子を用いる防眩反
射鏡において、二層式Ｇ Ｈ素子における各’ Ｇ Ｈ
型液晶素子の中間、あるいは、−＝層成ＧＨ索子におけ
る偏光板とＧＨ型液晶素子の中間にＴ Ｎ型液晶素子を
介在させたものである。[Effects of the Invention] In summary, the present invention provides an anti-glare reflector using a G H type liquid crystal element, in which each 'G H
A TN type liquid crystal element is interposed between the GH type liquid crystal element or between the polarizing plate and the GH type liquid crystal element in a -=layered GH type liquid crystal element.
上述の如く本発明の防眩反射鏡において光の透過率を変
化させるために用いる部材では、すべての素子の状態を
無電界状態とした場合には、第１図に示す部材１におい
てのみ、光の吸収（特定の一方向の成分の吸収）が発生
する。即ち従来の二層式あるいは一層式Ｇ１−１素子と
異なり、故障時における光の吸収は一方向の成分のみで
ある。したがって故障時においても防眩状態よりは高い
透過率が得られ、視界を確保するに足りる程度の反射率
を得ることができる。As mentioned above, in the members used to change the light transmittance in the anti-glare reflector of the present invention, when all the elements are in a non-electric field state, only the member 1 shown in FIG. 1 changes the light transmittance. absorption (absorption of components in a specific direction) occurs. That is, unlike the conventional two-layer type or single-layer type G1-1 element, light is absorbed only in one direction when a failure occurs. Therefore, even in the event of a failure, a higher transmittance than in the anti-glare state can be obtained, and a reflectance sufficient to ensure visibility can be obtained.
第１図は本発明の構成の概念を示す模式図である。第２
図は本発明において用いる光の透過率を変化させる部材
の作用を説明する図であり、（Ａ）は防眩状態、（Ｂ）
は非防眩状態、（Ｃ）は駆動回路の故障状態を表わす。
第３図は本発明の実施例の防眩反射鏡の断面模式図であ
る。第４図は従来の防眩反射鏡において用いられている
光の透過率を変化させる部材の作用を説明づ−る図であ
り、（Ａ）は防眩状態、（Ｂ）は非防眩状態、（Ｃ）は
駆動回路の故障状態を表わす。
１・・・偏光部材又はＧ１−１型液晶索子２・・・ｒ
Ｎ型液晶素子
３・・・ＧＨ型液晶素子又は偏光部材
４・・・反射部材
特許出願人 日本電装株式会社
代理人 弁理士 大川 宏
同 弁理士 順行 修
同 弁理士 丸山明大FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the concept of the configuration of the present invention. Second
The figures are diagrams explaining the effect of the member that changes the light transmittance used in the present invention, (A) is an anti-glare state, (B)
(C) represents a non-glare state, and (C) represents a failure state of the drive circuit. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an anti-glare reflector according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram explaining the effect of a member that changes the light transmittance used in a conventional anti-glare reflector; (A) shows the anti-glare state and (B) shows the non-dazzle state. , (C) represent a failure state of the drive circuit. 1...Polarizing member or G1-1 type liquid crystal probe 2...r
N-type liquid crystal element 3...GH-type liquid crystal element or polarizing member 4...Reflecting member Patent applicant Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Agent Patent attorney Hirodo Okawa Patent attorney Junyuki Shudo Patent attorney Akihiro Maruyama
Claims (3)
いて偏光特性を有する偏光部材と、液晶層の分子軸の配
向方向が前記偏光部材によって偏光された光の偏光方向
に平行であり、該偏光部材と平行に配置されたゲスＩ−
小スト５り液晶素子と、 前記偏光部材と前記ゲストホスト型液晶素子との間に配
設されたツイストネマ“ｊイック型液晶素子と、 前記偏光部材と、前記ツイストネマデイツク型液晶素子
と、前記ゲストホスト型液晶素子の少なくとも液晶層と
を透過した光を反射する反射部材と、 から成ることを特徴とする防眩反射鏡。(1) a polarizing member having polarization properties in at least a part of the spectrum l) of the incident light beam; and a polarizing member in which the orientation direction of the molecular axis of the liquid crystal layer is parallel to the polarization direction of the light polarized by the polarizing member; Guess I- placed parallel to
a twisted nematic liquid crystal element disposed between the polarizing member and the guest-host liquid crystal element; the polarizing member; and the twisted nematic liquid crystal element; An anti-glare reflective mirror comprising: a reflective member that reflects light transmitted through at least the liquid crystal layer of the guest-host type liquid crystal element.
子で構成され、その液晶の分子軸の配向方向は、前記ゲ
ストホスト型液晶素子の液晶の分子軸の配向方向と垂直
、かつ該ゲストホスト型液晶素子と平行である特許請求
の範囲第１項記載の防眩反射鏡。(2) The polarizing member is composed of another guest-post type liquid crystal element, and the orientation direction of the molecular axis of the liquid crystal is perpendicular to the orientation direction of the molecular axis of the liquid crystal of the guest-host type liquid crystal element, and The anti-glare reflective mirror according to claim 1, which is parallel to the host type liquid crystal element.
１項記載の防眩反！ＩＪ鏡。(3) The anti-glare film according to claim 1, wherein the polarizing member is a polarizing plate. IJ mirror.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8271984A JPS60225827A (en) | 1984-04-24 | 1984-04-24 | Antidazzle reflecting mirror |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8271984A JPS60225827A (en) | 1984-04-24 | 1984-04-24 | Antidazzle reflecting mirror |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60225827A true JPS60225827A (en) | 1985-11-11 |
Family
ID=13782216
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8271984A Pending JPS60225827A (en) | 1984-04-24 | 1984-04-24 | Antidazzle reflecting mirror |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS60225827A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20020076930A (en) * | 2001-03-31 | 2002-10-11 | 주식회사 현대 디스플레이 테크놀로지 | Lcd device |
| US6548160B2 (en) | 1999-12-01 | 2003-04-15 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Magnetic recording media |
-
1984
- 1984-04-24 JP JP8271984A patent/JPS60225827A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6548160B2 (en) | 1999-12-01 | 2003-04-15 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Magnetic recording media |
| KR20020076930A (en) * | 2001-03-31 | 2002-10-11 | 주식회사 현대 디스플레이 테크놀로지 | Lcd device |
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