JPH115978A - Liquid crystal shutter and liquid crystal shutter type crt - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [PROBLEMS] To provide a liquid crystal shutter and a liquid crystal shutter CRT capable of securing high-resolution and high-quality images, improving color purity, and expanding a color reproduction range. SOLUTION: In a flexible liquid crystal shutter 3 including at least three color polarizing films, one black polarizing film 15, and at least two liquid crystal cells 21, 22, the liquid crystal cells 21, 22 are: A liquid crystal shutter comprising liquid crystal materials 41 and 42 sandwiched between a pair of substrates 31 to 34 with transparent electrodes, and at least one type of dichroic dye contained in the liquid crystal material.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention [0002] The present invention relates to a liquid crystal shutter and a liquid crystal shutter type CRT. More specifically, the present invention relates to a liquid crystal shutter and a liquid crystal shutter type CRT which are preferably used in various electronic display fields and which enable high resolution and high quality images.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A liquid crystal shutter comprises a laminate of a liquid crystal cell and a polarizing film, and controls the polarization direction of light emitted from a backlight by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal cell to change the orientation of the liquid crystal. It is a device that transmits and blocks light. As a display device using such a liquid crystal shutter, there is a liquid crystal shutter type CRT provided with a liquid crystal shutter in which a plurality of liquid crystal cells, a color polarizing film, and a black polarizing film are laminated on the front surface of a black and white cathode ray tube (CRT). Are known.

[0003] This is based on the principle of continuous additive color mixing,
This is a CRT that performs color display by a field sequential method. A small light emitting region of three primary colors such as red, green, blue (RGB) is arranged on a plane, and higher resolution can be easily achieved and less flickering than a normal color CRT using the principle of spatial additive color mixture. It has recently attracted attention because of its ability to obtain images.

Hereinafter, the configuration of a conventional liquid crystal shutter type CRT will be described. FIG. 11 is an explanatory view schematically showing a configuration of a conventional liquid crystal shutter type CRT. As shown in FIG. 11, the conventional liquid crystal shutter type CRT includes a glass tube 1, a synchronous circuit 2, a liquid crystal shutter 3, and a liquid crystal shutter control circuit 4. LCD shutter 3
Is composed of, for example, a combination of a liquid crystal cell whose birefringence characteristics change depending on the direction of an applied electric field, a black polarizing plate, and a color polarizing plate. In this configuration, a monochrome CRT
1 and 2 emit white light modulated by a video signal toward the liquid crystal shutter 3. LCD shutter 3
Controls the polarization state of the incident light for each scanning frame of the electron beam by the operation of the control circuit 4, and selectively transmits any of the three primary colors of red, blue and green.

Next, the structure of a liquid crystal shutter used in a liquid crystal shutter type CRT will be described. FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a conventional configuration example. As shown in FIG. 12, a conventional liquid crystal shutter used for a liquid crystal shutter type CRT includes a color polarizing film 11 to 14 using a dichroic dye, a black polarizing film 15, a liquid crystal cell 61,
It consists of 62. The liquid crystal cell 61 (62) comprises a liquid crystal material 71 (72) sandwiched between two transparent substrates 31, 32 (33, 34) with transparent electrodes.
When there are two types of alignment states of the liquid crystal materials 71 and 72 in the two liquid crystal cells 61 and 62, four types of output light are obtained for white input light. By adjusting the type, mixing ratio, concentration, and degree of orientation of the dye in the color polarizing film, the spectral characteristics can be adjusted, and three primary colors of red, green, and blue can be created among the four types of output light. Conventionally, glass substrates having low flexibility have been used as the transparent substrates 31 to 34 with transparent electrodes. Therefore, the liquid crystal shutter has a planar shape. On the other hand, since the shape of the CRT light emitting surface is usually a curved surface, if the liquid crystal shutter is fixed to the front surface of the CRT light emitting surface, an air layer will be interposed between the two. This air layer causes extra interfacial reflections,
There is a problem that the contrast and color purity of the image are reduced. Also, in order to prevent interfacial reflection in the air layer, even if a measure is taken to fill a material whose refractive index is close to the refraction of the CRT light-emitting surface and the liquid crystal shutter member instead of the air layer, the light-emitting surface and the liquid crystal shutter are not replaced. However, there is a problem that color unevenness occurs in the central portion and the peripheral portion of the screen because the distance between them is not uniform. The present inventors have solved the above problems and provided a liquid crystal shutter type CRT having high color purity without color unevenness over the entire screen. Therefore, a liquid crystal using a flexible plastic substrate as a substrate of a liquid crystal cell was developed. A liquid crystal shutter type CRT having a structure in which a shutter is closely attached to a curved CRT light emitting surface has been proposed (Japanese Patent Application No. 8-34270).
No. 1). However, this application proposes to use a ferroelectric polymer liquid crystal having both high-speed responsiveness and ease of enlargement of a screen as a liquid crystal, but utilizing the birefringence of the ferroelectric liquid crystal. The problem with color reproduction when colorizing with a liquid crystal shutter has not been solved. This problem will be specifically described below. FIG.
In the configuration example shown in (1), the direction of the transmission axis of the black polarizing plate is X, and the direction orthogonal to this (absorption axis direction) is Y. Also, 11: yellow (the absorption axis is in the Y direction), 12: blue (the absorption axis is in the X direction), 1
3: Red (the absorption axis is in the Y direction) and 14: Cyan (the absorption axis is in the X direction). Polyethersulfone substrates are used as the transparent substrates 31 to 34 with transparent electrodes used for the liquid crystal cells 61 and 62, ferroelectric polymer liquid crystals having an inclination angle of 2θ = 45 ° are used as the liquid crystal materials 71 and 72, and the polarity of the applied electric field is used. It is assumed that the liquid crystal molecules switch between two states, that is, a state in which the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in the X direction (off state) and a state in which the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in a direction forming an angle of 45 ° with the X direction (on state). In the case where the positional relationship between the polarizing plate and the liquid crystal molecules is as described above, by switching the liquid crystal, the liquid crystal 61: off-
Liquid crystal 62: off, liquid crystal 61: off-liquid crystal 62: o
n, liquid crystal 61: on-liquid crystal 62: off, liquid crystal 61: o
Four output lights of n-liquid crystal 62: on are obtained, and what hue each shows can be determined by the following equation (1). If the transmittance of the black polarizing plate in the direction of the absorption axis is approximated to 0, the expression representing the intensity of each output light for each wavelength is as shown in the following expression (1).

[0006]

Equation (1): off-off I _off-off ∝P _off × P _off × Y _W × B _C × R _W × CY _C + C _off × C _off × Y _W × B _C × _RC × CY _W + P _off × C _off × Y _C × B _W × _RC × CY _W + C _off × P _off × Y _C × B _W × R _W × CY _C off-on I _off-on ∝P _off × P _on × Y _W × B _C × R _W × CY _C + C _off × C _on × Y _W × B _C × _RC × CY _W + P _off × C _on × Y _C × B _W × _RC × CY _W + C _off × P _on × Y _{C × B W × R W ×} CY C on-off I on-off αP on × P off × Y W × B C × R W × CY C + C on × C off × Y W × B C × R C × _{CY W + P on × C off} × Y C × B W × R C × CY W + C on × P off × Y C × B W × R W × CY C on-on I on-on αP on × P on × Y _W × B _C × R _W × CY _C + C _on × C _on × Y _W × B _C × R _C × CY _W + P _on × C _on × Y _C × B _W × R _C × CY _W + C _on × P _on × Y _C B _W × R _W × CY _C

However, P _{on (off)} : when the liquid crystal is in an on (off) state, the input light polarized at the wavelength λ (nm) in the X direction is in the X direction, and the input light polarized in the Y direction is in the Y direction. _{(Con (off)} : when the liquid crystal is in the on (off) state, the input light of wavelength λ (nm) polarized in the X direction is in the Y direction, and the input light polarized in the Y direction is in the X direction. Output ratio Y _{W (C)} : Transmittance in the transmission axis direction (absorption axis direction) of the yellow polarizing plate for light of wavelength λ (nm) B _{W (C)} : Light of the blue polarizing plate for light of wavelength λ (nm) Transmittance in the transmission axis direction (absorption axis direction) RW _(C) : Transmittance in the transmission axis direction (absorption axis direction) of the red polarizing plate for light of wavelength λ (nm) CY _{W (C)} : wavelength λ (nm ₎ ) In the transmission axis direction (absorption axis direction) of the cyan polarizing plate with respect to the light of the formula (1): P _off , P _on , C _off , C _on has characteristics as shown in FIG. As can be seen from FIG.
_{Since off} indicates a value close to 0 in the entire wavelength range, approximating C _off to 0 in Equation (1) gives Equation (2) below.

[0008]

Equation (2): off-off I _off-off ∝P _off × P _off × Y _W × B _C × R _W × CY _C off-on I _off-on ∝P _off × P _on × Y _W × B _C × R _W × CY _C + P _off × C _on × Y _C × B _W × R _C × CY _W on-off I _on-off ∝P _on × P _off × Y _W × B _C × R _W × CY _{C + C on × P off × Y} C × B W × R W × CY C on-on I on-on αP on × P on × Y W × B C × R W × CY C + C on × C on × Y W × B _C × R _C × CY _W + P _on × C _on × Y _C × B _W × R _C × CY _W + C _on × P _on × Y _C × B _W × R _W × CY _C

In equation (2), if P _on can also be approximated to 0, the main component of each output light is the underlined term in equation (2), and blue and off in the off-off state. −
It can be seen that red output light is obtained in the on state and green output light is obtained in the on-off state. However, in practice, P _on is
As can be seen from FIG.
In the ff-on state and the on-off state, a color obtained by multiplying blue and cyan is mixed. Such characteristics of P _on are caused by the birefringence of the ferroelectric liquid crystal, and have been a problem that cannot be avoided as long as the present liquid crystal is used as it is.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and has been made in consideration of the above-described problems, and has been made in view of the above circumstances. And a liquid crystal shutter type CRT.

[0011]

To achieve the above object, the present invention has the following gist. [1] In a flexible liquid crystal shutter including at least three color polarizing films, one black polarizing film, and at least two liquid crystal cells, a liquid crystal cell is provided between a pair of transparent electrode-attached substrates. A liquid crystal shutter comprising a material interposed therebetween and comprising at least one type of dichroic dye in the liquid crystal material. [2] The at least three color polarizing films,
Including the first to fourth color polarizing films, at least two liquid crystal panels include first and second liquid crystal cells, and the first color polarizing film and the second color polarizing film are orthogonal to each other. The third color polarizing film has an absorption axis in a direction orthogonal to one of the absorption axis of the first color polarizing film and the absorption axis of the second color polarizing film; The color polarizing film has an absorption axis in a direction orthogonal to the absorption axis of the third color polarizing film, and the black polarizing film has the absorption axis of the first color polarizing film and the absorption axis of the second color polarizing film. The first liquid crystal cell has a transmission axis in a direction orthogonal to one of them, the first liquid crystal cell is between the second color polarizing film and the third color polarizing film, and the second liquid crystal cell is Polarization It is composed disposed between the Irumu and black polarizing film [1] crystal shutter according. [3] The liquid crystal material used in the first and second liquid crystal cells includes a ferroelectric liquid crystal composition, and the direction of the director of the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition is the same as the direction of the absorption axis of the black polarizing film. It switches between the direction forming an angle of 2θ (0 ° <θ <45 °) and the direction of the absorption axis of the black polarizing film, and dichroism contained in the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition. The dye absorbs white light including a hue matching the hue of the liquid crystal shutter when both directors of the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition coincide with the absorption axis direction of the black polarizing film [ 2] The liquid crystal shutter according to the above. [4] A cathode ray tube (CRT) main body that emits black-and-white display light by irradiating the phosphor screen with an electron beam, and [1]-[3] A liquid crystal shutter type CRT, comprising: the liquid crystal shutter having flexibility according to any one of the above.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view schematically showing one embodiment of the liquid crystal shutter of the present invention. 1. Liquid Crystal Shutter The liquid crystal shutter of the present invention has plasticity so that it can freely follow the shape of the CRT light emitting surface when integrated with a monochrome CRT. As shown in FIG. 1B, in this embodiment, a liquid crystal cell 21 composed of color polarizing films 11 to 14, films 31 and 32 with transparent electrodes sandwiching a liquid crystal material 41, and a transparent film sandwiching a liquid crystal material 42. The liquid crystal cell 22 is composed of films 33 and 34 with electrodes and the black polarizing film 15.

(1) Color Polarizing Film The color polarizing films 11 to 14 are, for example, polyvinyl alcohol (PV) impregnated and oriented with a dichroic dye.
A) A film in which the membrane is supported by a transparent film such as a triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film or a polyester film, or polyethylene terephthalate (PE)
T) A known flexible polarizing film such as a film obtained by dispersing a dichroic dye in a plastic film such as a film and then uniaxially stretching the film can be used. Examples of the black polarizing film 15 include a film in which a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film impregnated with iodine or a dichroic dye is supported by a transparent film such as a triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film or a polyester film, or a polyethylene film. A known black polarizing film having flexibility such as a film obtained by dispersing a dichroic dye in a plastic film such as a terephthalate (PET) film and then uniaxially stretching can be used. When a liquid crystal shutter type CRT is configured, the surface of the polarizing film farthest from the CRT may be subjected to an anti-glare treatment or an anti-reflection treatment in order to prevent a decrease in image visibility due to external light such as an interior light. good. Further, a transparent plate for protecting the surface of the liquid crystal shutter from physical damage may be provided on the front surface.

(2) Liquid Crystal Cells As the liquid crystal cells 21 to 22, for example, as shown in FIG.
3, 34, a liquid crystal material 41, 42 sandwiched between these transparent substrates, and an extraction electrode 51 connected to electrodes of the two transparent substrates. Liquid crystal cell 2
There is no particular limitation on 1, 22 as long as the polarization state of incident light can be changed when the polarity of the voltage applied to the extraction electrode 51 is changed.

Transparent Substrate with Transparent Electrode The transparent substrates 31 to 34 with transparent electrodes include:
If it is transparent without optical anisotropy, various materials such as a glass substrate or a plastic substrate can be used. However, since the liquid crystal shutter is installed on the curved surface of the CRT tube, it has flexibility. Preferably, a plastic substrate is used. Examples of the plastic material include crystalline polymers such as uniaxially or biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate, polysulfone, polyethersulfone (P
ES) amorphous polymers such as polyarylate (PAr),
Examples thereof include polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, and polyamides such as polycarbonate and nylon.

On the surface of the transparent substrate, a transparent electrode made of ITO or tin oxide doped with tin oxide in indium oxide is formed by a method such as a sputtering method or an ion beam evaporation method. There is no limitation on the thickness, and the thickness can be appropriately determined according to the electric field response of the liquid crystal material used, the area of the liquid crystal shutter, or the electrode resistance determined by the frequency at the time of driving the liquid crystal shutter.

Liquid Crystal Material As a liquid crystal material used in the present invention, a liquid crystal material such as a nematic liquid crystal or a ferroelectric liquid crystal prepared by a known method can be used. In order to display a moving image at a high frequency, it is preferable to use a ferroelectric liquid crystal which responds particularly quickly to an applied voltage.

In the case of a ferroelectric liquid crystal, the incident light is birefringent in accordance with the angle between the polarization direction of the incident light and the molecular long axis due to the difference between the refractive indices of the liquid crystal molecules in the major axis direction and the minor axis direction. And a phenomenon that the polarization state is converted. A ferroelectric liquid crystal is a ferroelectric liquid crystal composition composed of a ferroelectric polymer liquid crystal and a low-molecular liquid crystal. A ferroelectric liquid crystal having a ratio of the hydrophilic polymer liquid crystal of preferably 10 to 99% by weight, more preferably 10 to 70% by weight is suitably used.

The ferroelectric polymer liquid crystal is not particularly limited. For example, polyacrylate main chain, polymethacrylate main chain, polychloroacrylate main chain, polyoxirane main chain, polysiloxane main chain, polyester main chain, polysiloxane -A side chain type ferroelectric polymer liquid crystal comprising a main chain such as an olefin main chain and a liquid crystal side chain is suitably used.

The ferroelectric polymer liquid crystal generally has a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 to 1,000,000, preferably 1000
Those having 100,000 to 100,000 are preferably used.

Specific examples of the side chain type ferroelectric polymer liquid crystal suitably used in the present invention are shown below.

Examples of the polyacrylate main chain ferroelectric polymer liquid crystal include those having the following repeating units.

[0023]

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Examples of the polymethacrylate main-chain ferroelectric polymer liquid crystal include those having the following repeating units.

[0025]

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Examples of the polychloroacrylate main chain ferroelectric polymer liquid crystal include those having the following repeating units.

[0027]

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Examples of the polyoxirane main chain ferroelectric polymer liquid crystal include those having the following repeating units.

[0029]

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Examples of the polysiloxane main chain type ferroelectric polymer liquid crystal include those having the following repeating units.

[0031]

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Examples of the polyester main chain type ferroelectric polymer liquid crystal include those having the following repeating units.

[0033]

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The polysiloxane-olefin main chain type ferroelectric polymer liquid crystal includes, for example, those having the following repeating units.

[0035]

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Here, x: y = 19: 1 to 7: 3 (molar ratio).

In the above-mentioned repeating unit of the ferroelectric polymer liquid crystal, the side chain skeleton may be replaced with a biphenyl skeleton, a phenylbenzoate skeleton, a biphenylbenzoate skeleton, or a phenyl-4-phenylbenzoate skeleton. The benzene ring in the skeleton may be replaced by a pyrimidine ring, a pyridine ring, a pyridazine ring, a pyrazine ring, a tetrazine ring, a cyclohexane ring, a dioxane ring, a dioxaborinane ring, and may be replaced by a halogen group such as fluorine or chlorine or a cyano group. 1-methylalkyl group, 2-fluoroalkyl group, 2-chloroalkyl group, 2-chloro-3-methylalkyl group, 2-trifluoromethylalkyl group, 1-alkoxycarbonylethyl group, 2-alkoxy- 1-methylethyl group, 2-alkoxypropyl group, - chloro-1-methyl alkyl group may be replaced with optically active groups such as 2-alkoxycarbonyl-1-trifluoromethyl-propyl group.
In addition, the length of the spacer may vary in the range of methylene chain length of 2 to 30.

These polymer liquid crystals are representative of ferroelectric polymer liquid crystals, and the ferroelectric polymer liquid crystals that can be used in the present invention are not limited to these.

These ferroelectric polymer liquid crystals may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Examples of the ferroelectric low-molecular liquid crystal compound include Schiff base ferroelectric low-molecular liquid crystal compounds represented by the following formulas, azo and azoxy ferroelectric low-molecular liquid crystal compounds, biphenyl and aromatic ester-based liquid crystal compounds. Examples thereof include a dielectric low-molecular liquid crystal compound, a ferroelectric low-molecular liquid crystal compound into which a ring substituent such as a halogen or a cyano group is introduced, and a ferroelectric low-molecular liquid crystal compound having a heterocyclic ring.

Examples of the Schiff base ferroelectric low-molecular liquid crystal compound include the following compounds (1 to 4).

[0042]

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Examples of the azo- and azoxy-based ferroelectric low-molecular liquid crystal compounds include the following (5) and (6).

[0044]

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Examples of the biphenyl and aromatics ester type ferroelectric low-molecular liquid crystal compounds include the following compounds (7) and (8).

[0046]

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Examples of the ferroelectric low-molecular liquid crystal compounds into which ring substituents such as halogen and cyano groups are introduced include the following compounds (9) to (11).

[0048]

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Examples of the ferroelectric low-molecular liquid crystal compound having a heterocyclic ring include compounds (12) and (1) shown below.
3).

[0050]

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These compounds are typical of ferroelectric low-molecular liquid crystal compounds, and the ferroelectric low-molecular liquid crystal compounds that can be used in the present invention are not limited to these structural formulas. Absent. These ferroelectric low-molecular liquid crystal compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Examples of the liquid crystal compound having no ferroelectricity that can be used in combination with a ferroelectric polymer liquid crystal or a ferroelectric low-molecular liquid crystal compound in the present invention include the following smectic low-molecular liquid crystal compounds. Can be

[0053]

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Dichroic Dye The dichroic dye contained in the liquid crystal material means a dye having a wavelength selectivity to polarized light in the molecular long axis direction. Examples of the dichroic dye used in the present invention include styryl, azomethine, azo, naphthoquinone, anthraquinone, merocyanine, benzoquinone, and tetrazine dyes. Preferred are azo-based and anthraquinone-based.

As styryl dyes, 4- [β-
(6'-nitro-2'-benzothiazolyl) vinyl]-
N, N-dimethylaniline is exemplified.

The azomethine dyes include 2-[(4
-Dimethylamino) benzylideneamino] benzothiazole.

As azo dyes, azobenzene, 4
-Nitroazobenzene, 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, 4-dimethylamino-2'-methylazobenzene,
4-dimethylamino-2-methyl-4'-nitroazobenzene, 4-dimethylamino-3-methyl-4'-nitroazobenzene, 4-dimethylamino-2'-chloro-
4'-nitroazobenzene, 4-dimethylamino-
2 ', 4'-dinitroazobenzene, 4-dimethylamino-2', 5'-dichloro-4'-nitroazobenzene, 4-dimethylamino-2 ', 6'-dichloro-4'
-Nitroazobenzene, 4-diethylamino-4'-nitroazobenzene, 4- (5'-nitro-2'-thiazolylazo) -N, N-dimethylaniline, 4- (6'-
Ethoxy-2'-benzothiazolylazo) -N, N-dimethylaniline, 4- (6'-nitro-2'-benzothiazolylazo) -N, N-diethylaniline, 9-phenylazourolidine 4- [N- (4-ethoxybenzylideneamino) phenylazo] -1- [N- (4-ethoxybenzylidene)] naphthylamine, 4-phenylazo-4 ′-(1-pyrrolidinyl) azobenzene,
(2-benzothiazolylazo) -4'-N, N-diethylaminoazobenzene, 4- (6-ethoxy-2-benzothiazolylazo) -4'-N, N-dimethylaminoazobenzene, 4- ( 6-ethoxy-2-benzothiazolylazo) -4'-N, N-diethylaminoazobenzene, 4- (6-nitro-2-benzothiazolylazo)-
4'-N, N-diethylaminoazobenzene, 4- (6
-N-butylsulfonyl-2-benzothiazolylazo)
-4'-N, N-diethylaminoazobenzene, trisazobenzene, 4,4-bis (2-hydroxy-1-naphthylazo) azobenzene, 4,4'-bis (p-dimethylaminophenylazo) -2,2'- Examples thereof include dichloroazobenzene and 4,4-bis (9-urolidinylazo) azobenzene.

The naphthoquinone dyes include 3-butylamino-2-cyano-5-amino-8-hydroxy-
1,4-naphthoquinone, 3,8-bis (butylamino)
-2-cyano-5-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone and the like.

Examples of anthraquinone dyes include 1-hydroxy-4- (4'-methylphenylamino) anthraquinone, 1-aminoanthraquinone, and 1-amino-4.
-Methylaminoanthraquinone, 1-amino-4-phenylaminoanthraquinone, 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone, 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone- (Nn-
Butyl) -2,3-dicarboximide, 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone- (Nn-hexyl) -2,3-
Dicarboximide, 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone- (Nn-butyl) -3′-imino-2,3-dicarboximide, 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone- (N
-N-hexyl) -3'-imino-2,3-dicarboximide, 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone- (N-n
-Hexyl) -3'-thioxo-2,3-dicarboximide, 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone- (Nn-
Octyl) -3'-thioxo-2,3-dicarboximide, 1,5-diaminoanthraquinone, 1,4,5-
Triaminoanthraquinone, 1,4,5,8-tetraaminoanthraquinone, 1,4-bis (methylamino) anthraquinone, 1,4-bis (phenylamino) anthraquinone, 1,4-bis (4′-t-butyl Phenylamino) anthraquinone, 1,5-bis (phenylamino) anthraquinone, 1,5-bis (4′-methylphenylamino) anthraquinone, 1,5-bis (4′-hydroxyphenylamino) anthraquinone, 1,5- Bis (4'-ethylphenylamino) anthraquinone,
1,5-bis (4′-methoxyphenylamino) anthraquinone, 1,5-bis (4′-n-propylphenylamino) anthraquinone, 1,5-bis (4′-isopropylphenylamino) anthraquinone, 1,5 -Bis (4'-dimethylaminophenylamino) anthraquinone, 1,5-bis (4'-ethoxyphenylamino) anthraquinone, 1,5-bis (4'-n-butylphenylamino) anthraquinone, 1,5-bis (4'-n-
Propoxyphenylamino) anthraquinone, 1,5-
Bis (4'-n-pentylphenylamino) anthraquinone, 1,5-bis (4'-n-butoxyphenylamino) anthraquinone, 1,5-bis (4'-morpholinophenylamino) anthraquinone, 1,5 -Bis (4'-n-pentyloxyphenylamino) anthraquinone, 1,5-bis [4 '-(N-ethyl-N-β-
Hydroxyphenyl) phenylamino] anthraquinone, 1,5-bis (4′-phenoxyphenylamino)
Anthraquinone, 1,5-bis (4′-hexyloxyphenylamino) anthraquinone, 1,5-bis [4 ′
-(Phenylazo) phenylamino] anthraquinone,
1,5-bis (4'-n-heptyloxyphenylamino) anthraquinone, 1,5-bis (4'-n-octyloxyphenylamino) anthraquinone, 1,5-bis (4'-nonyloxyphenylamino) Anthraquinone, 1,5-bis (4′-n-decyloxyphenylamino) anthraquinone and the like can be mentioned.

As the merocyanine dye, 3-ethyl-5
-[4- (3-ethyl-2-benzothiazolidene) -2
-Hexenylidene] rhodamine and the like.

Examples of the benzoquinone dye include 2,5-di (4-heptyloxyphenyl) -3,6-dichlorobenzoquinone.

Examples of tetrazine dyes include 6- (4-pentyloxyphenyl) -3- (4-pentylpiperidin-1-yl) -1,2,4,5-tetrazine,
(P-butoxyphenyl) -6- (4'-n-pentylcyclohexyl) -6- (4-trans-4'-butylcyclohexylphenyl) -1,2,4,5-tetrazine, 3-n-hexyl- 6- (4-n-butyloxyphenyl) -1,2,4,5-tetrazine.

The following are specific examples of dichroic dyes. Cyan: merocyanine dyes, etc. Magenta: G-202, G-2 manufactured by Japan Photographic Dye Laboratories
Examples of suitable combinations of a color polarizing film such as 41, G-471 and a dichroic dye in a liquid crystal cell include the examples 1 to 3 shown in Table 1 in the case shown in FIG. . Note that the liquid crystal molecular states of the two cells 21 and 22 are on-off, off-on, and off-off.
2 shows the direction of the optical axis of the polarizing film and how the incident light is transmitted in the case of Example 1, FIG. 3 shows the case of Example 2, and FIG. 4 shows the case of Example 3.

[0064]

[Table 1] One or both of the liquid crystal materials 41 and 42 contain these dichroic dyes.

Non-Liquid Crystal Polymer In the present invention, a non-liquid crystal polymer may be contained in the liquid crystal material in addition to the dichroic dye in order to improve the mechanical strength of liquid crystal alignment. The non-liquid crystalline polymer is not particularly limited. Examples of the thermoplastic polymer include polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, and the like. Curable resins can be mentioned.

Preparation of Composition When a ferroelectric liquid crystal is used as the liquid crystal material and a composition containing a dichroic dye and a non-liquid crystalline polymer is used, the ferroelectric liquid crystal, the non-liquid crystalline polymer, Mixing of coloring pigments
They may be directly mixed as they are, or may be mixed as a solution using a solvent. The mixing may be performed at room temperature or may be performed while heating. Various solvents such as methylene chloride, chloroform, hexane, toluene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, dimethylacetamide, formamide, and dimethylformamide can be used as the solvent. By evaporating the solvent, a uniformly dispersed mixture can be obtained, and the phase separation state can be changed by adjusting the evaporation rate. The mixing ratio in the composition is such that the proportion of the dichroic dye is usually 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably 1 to 20% by weight.
The content is adjusted to 10% by weight. If the compounding ratio of the dichroic dye is too small, there is no effect on the improvement of color purity (color reproducibility). On the other hand, if the compounding ratio is too large, the transmittance may decrease and the dye may be crystallized in the liquid crystal and deteriorated.

(3) Arrangement of Each Member Color polarizing films 11 to 14 and liquid crystal cells 21 and 2
2 has an optical axis. The relative arrangement of each optical axis is appropriately selected according to the optical characteristics of the polarizing film and the liquid crystal cell so that the three primary colors such as blue, red and green can be selectively transmitted with respect to the incident light from the monochrome CRT. be able to.

Particularly preferred arrangements of the optical axes of the polarizing film and the liquid crystal panel include the following arrangements. That is, as shown in FIG. 1B, the configuration of the liquid crystal shutter is, in order from the CRT light source, a first color polarizing film / second color polarizing film / first liquid crystal panel / third color polarizing film / second color polarizing film. Four color polarizing film / second liquid crystal panel / black polarizing film. The first color polarizing film and the second polarizing film have optical axes in directions perpendicular to each other. The third color polarizing film has an absorption axis in a direction perpendicular to one of the absorption axis of the first color polarizing film and the absorption axis of the second color polarizing film, and the fourth color polarizing film Has an absorption axis in a direction orthogonal to the absorption axis of the third color polarizing film, and the black polarizing film has the absorption axis of the first color polarizing film and the second color polarizing film. A case having a transmission axis in a direction perpendicular to either the of Osamujiku. Among these configurations, it is particularly preferable that the liquid crystal material used in the first and second liquid crystal cells includes a ferroelectric liquid crystal composition, and as shown in FIG. The direction of the director of the composition switches between the direction forming an angle of θ (0 ° <θ <90 °) with the direction of the absorption axis of the black polarizing film and the direction of the absorption axis of the black polarizing film. And the dichroic dye contained in the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition is a liquid crystal shutter for white light when the directors of the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition are both aligned with the absorption axis direction of the black polarizing film. Absorb light containing a hue that matches the hue indicated by. In the configuration example shown in FIG. 1B, the direction of the transmission axis of the black polarizing plate is X,
The direction orthogonal to this (absorption axis direction) is Y, and 11: yellow (absorption axis is Y direction), 12: blue (absorption axis is X direction), 13: red The reason why the above-described configuration is particularly preferable will be described below, taking as an example a case of using a cyan (absorption axis in the Y direction), 14: cyan (absorption axis in the X direction). As described above, an object of the present invention is to reduce the influence of the term including P _ON in I _OFF-ON and I _ON-OFF in Expression (2). This section
In both cases of I _OFF-ON and I _ON-OFF, P _on × P _off × Y _W × B _C × R _W × CY _C , and the contribution from the color polarizing film (underlined portion) is I _OFF-OFF Because they are identical, the hue in this section is
It has the same hue as the output light when the state of the liquid crystal is in the off-off state. Therefore, as the dichroic dye to be added,
It is most effective to select one that absorbs the color of the output light in the off-off state. However, when the dichroic dye is added to the ferroelectric liquid crystal and aligned, the dichroic dye is oriented along the direction of the director of the ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules. It depends on the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules. For example, in the description of the prior art using the configuration example of FIG. 12, the directors are oriented in the X direction (off state), and in the X direction.
An example in which switching is performed between two states of a state in which a direction of an angle of 5 ° is faced (on state) is described. Off in this example
The display color in the -off state is blue. Therefore, when a yellow dichroic dye that absorbs blue is added and the director is oriented in the same direction, the off-on state, o
In the n-off state, the impure blue color is absorbed by the dichroic dye, so that the color purity of green and red is improved. However, in the off-off state, the display color blue itself is absorbed. Therefore, there is a problem that the transmittance of blue is reduced. In order to solve this problem, it is most preferable to orient the director in the off state in the Y direction, that is, in the absorption axis direction of the black polarizing plate, as shown in FIG.

2. Liquid Crystal Shutter Type CRT FIG. 5 is an explanatory view schematically showing one embodiment of the liquid crystal shutter type CRT of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, the liquid crystal shutter type CRT of the present invention is schematically constituted by a CRT (glass tube 1 and synchronization circuit 2), a liquid crystal shutter 3, a shutter control circuit 4, and an adhesive layer 5. The adhesive layer 5 may be omitted, but the glass tube 1 and the liquid crystal shutter 3
In some cases, the display characteristics may be degraded due to multiple interference in the air layer between the layers. Therefore, it is preferable to provide an adhesive layer having an optimized refractive index.

(1) Glass Tube A CRT used in the present invention comprises a glass tube 1 and a synchronous circuit 2.
It is composed of The material of the glass tube 1, which is a component of the CRT, is not particularly limited.
The iO ₂ as a main _{component, SrO, BaO, Al 2 O} 3, Zr
Glass containing components such as O ₂ , ZnO, Na ₂ O, and K ₂ O can be given. In addition, when the CRT is configured, the shape of the light emitting surface may be any of a flat surface and a curved surface such as a cylindrical curved surface. The display area of the liquid crystal shutter CRT is not particularly limited, but the larger the area, the more effectively the present invention can be used.

(2) Synchronization Circuit The synchronization circuit 2, which is a component of the CRT, is used to synchronize the video signal with the electron beam. The synchronous circuit used in the present invention is not particularly limited.
One that electrically synchronizes the polarization yoke of the RT with the electron gun and controls the polarization direction of the electron beam can be given.

(3) Liquid Crystal Shutter In the present invention, the above-mentioned liquid crystal shutter can be used.

(4) Shutter Control Circuit The shutter control circuit 4 used in the present invention switches the voltage applied to the extraction electrode of the liquid crystal cell in the liquid crystal shutter during one frame period, thereby switching the transmission characteristics of the liquid crystal shutter. The three color images are sequentially displayed, and the color display is performed by the field sequential method.

(5) Adhesive Layer In the present invention, it is preferable that the light emitting surfaces of the CRT main bodies 1 and 2 and the opposing surface of the liquid crystal shutter 3 are adhered and fixed by the adhesive layer 5. As the adhesive used for the adhesive layer,
Although there is no particular limitation, for example, pressure-sensitive adhesives such as rubber-based, acrylic-based, and silicone-based, thermosetting adhesives such as polyester-based and epoxy-based, and photo-curable adhesives such as silicone-based, acrylate-based, and methacrylate-based A known adhesive such as an adhesive is used.

[0075]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples. A liquid crystal cell was manufactured using the following materials.・ Transparent substrate: ITO / PES, surface resistance 300Ω / □
(Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd.) Liquid crystal material: Ferroelectric liquid crystal compositions A to [Chemical Formula 14]
The composition obtained by mixing D (A: ferroelectric polymer liquid crystal, B, C, D: low molecular liquid crystal) at a weight ratio of 6: 2: 1: 1 and the absorption characteristics shown in FIG. A composition was prepared by mixing the dichroic dye with the dichroic dye at a weight ratio of 97: 3, and this was dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone to prepare a 30% by weight liquid crystal solution.

[0076]

Embedded image

The liquid crystal cell is made of an ITO / PES film.
After applying and drying the above liquid crystal solution on the TO electrode with a gravure roll, another pair of ITO / PES films are laminated, and then a shearing treatment is performed while applying a DC voltage of 50 V to perform an alignment treatment of the liquid crystal. Produced. The four color polarizing films, one black polarizing film, and the liquid crystal cell obtained above were adhered to each other in an arrangement shown in FIG. 1A using an acrylic adhesive to obtain a liquid crystal shutter. . The used color polarizing films are as follows. 11: Blue (stretching axis is vertical) (Poratechno B-
18255) 12: Red (the stretching axis is orthogonal to the polarizing film 11) (R-18255 manufactured by Poratechno) 13: Violet (the stretching axis is parallel to the polarizing film 11) (V-18245 manufactured by Polatechno) 14: Yellow (stretching axis) Is orthogonal to the polarizing film 11)
(Poratechno Y-18288) 15: Black (stretching axis is orthogonal to the polarizing film 11) (Sanlitz LLC2-9518SF) The orientation of the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal cells 21 and 22 is such that when a positive voltage is applied, the polarizing film 11 is oriented. And a 45 ° angle with the polarizing film 11 when a negative voltage is applied. As a CRT, a black-and-white C having the emission characteristics shown in FIG.
Using an RT, a liquid crystal shutter was arranged on the CRT light emitting surface such that the polarizing film 11 was in contact with the CRT light emitting surface,
One liquid crystal shutter CRT was obtained.

Comparative Example One liquid crystal shutter type CRT was obtained in the same manner as in the example except that no dichroic dye was added to the liquid crystal.

[Evaluation of Examples and Comparative Examples] Spectral Characteristics of Single Liquid Crystal Cell The liquid crystal cell was sandwiched between two black polarizing films, and the spectral transmittance was measured.・ Paronicol light (P _OFF ), crossed Nicol dark (C _OFF )
As shown in FIG. 8, there was no change in both the example and the comparative example. In the case of Paranicole dark (P _ON ) and Cross Nicole light (C _ON ), there was a difference shown in FIG. 8 between the embodiment and the comparative example. In the example to which a cyan dichroic dye was added, 600 nm
It exhibited spectral characteristics that absorb light before and after.

[Evaluation of Display Characteristics of Liquid Crystal Shutter Type CRT] The monochrome CRT was turned on, and the voltage waveforms shown in FIG. 9 were applied to the liquid crystal panels 21 and 22 in the liquid crystal shutter. Here, when the timing of CRT light emission was changed as shown in A to D shown in FIG. 9, colors of the same hue were obtained in both the example and the comparative example. Each chromaticity coordinate is measured by a colorimeter,
The results are shown in Table 2 and FIG. When the direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the two liquid crystal panels and the direction of the polarizing film 11 coincide with each other, the example in which the cyan dye that absorbs the color red was added was more green than the comparative example in which the dye was not added.
The color reproducibility of blue was good, and it turned out that white is closer to pure white.

[0081]

[Table 2]

[0082]

As described above, the present invention provides a liquid crystal shutter and a liquid crystal shutter type CRT capable of securing high-resolution and high-quality images, improving color purity, and expanding a color reproduction range.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view schematically showing one embodiment of a liquid crystal shutter according to the present invention. FIG. 1 (a) shows a schematic configuration and the direction of an optical axis, and FIG. 1 (b) shows the liquid crystal cell in more detail.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view schematically showing how white incident light passes through a liquid crystal shutter in one embodiment of the liquid crystal shutter of the present invention (Example 1 in Table 1).

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a state in which white incident light passes through a liquid crystal shutter in one embodiment of the liquid crystal shutter of the present invention (Example 2 in Table 1).

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view schematically showing how white incident light passes through the liquid crystal shutter in one embodiment of the liquid crystal shutter of the present invention (Example 3 in Table 1).

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing one embodiment of a liquid crystal shutter type CRT used in the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing absorption characteristics (anthraquinone-based) of a dichroic dye used in the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing light emission characteristics of a CRT used in the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing the result of measuring the spectral transmittance of the liquid crystal cells used in Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention.

FIGS. 9A and 9B are explanatory diagrams showing a case where a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal cells used in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention. FIG. 9A shows a driving voltage waveform applied to the liquid crystal cell, and FIG.
The timing of light emission is shown.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing the results of measuring the chromaticity coordinates of each of the obtained hues using a colorimeter in the case shown in FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is an explanatory view schematically showing a conventional liquid crystal shutter type CRT.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory view schematically showing a conventional liquid crystal shutter, in which (a) shows a schematic configuration and the direction of an optical axis;
(B) shows the liquid crystal cell in more detail.

[13] P _{OF F} in the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal panel used in a conventional liquid crystal shutter (formula _{(1), P ON, C} OFF, C
Is an explanatory diagram showing an _ON).

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Glass tube 2 Synchronous circuit 3 Liquid crystal shutter 4 Shutter control circuit 5 Adhesive layer 11-14 Color polarizing film 15 Black polarizing film 21,22,61,62 Liquid crystal cell 31-34 Transparent substrate with a transparent electrode 41,42,71,72 Liquid crystal material 51 Extraction electrode

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A flexible liquid crystal shutter comprising at least three color polarizing films, one black polarizing film, and at least two liquid crystal cells, wherein the liquid crystal cells are arranged between a pair of substrates with transparent electrodes. A liquid crystal shutter characterized in that a liquid crystal material is interposed therebetween and at least one type of dichroic dye is contained in the liquid crystal material. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least three color polarizing films include first to fourth color polarizing films, and at least two liquid crystal panels include first to second liquid crystal cells; The polarizing film and the second color polarizing film have absorption axes in directions orthogonal to each other,
The third color polarizing film has an absorption axis in a direction orthogonal to one of the absorption axis of the first color polarizing film and the absorption axis of the second color polarizing film, and the fourth color polarizing film is The third color polarizing film has an absorption axis in a direction orthogonal to the absorption axis, and the black polarizing film has a direction orthogonal to one of the absorption axis of the first color polarizing film and the absorption axis of the second color polarizing film. Has a transmission axis, the first liquid crystal cell is between the second color polarizing film and the third color polarizing film, and the second liquid crystal cell is the fourth color polarizing film and the black polarizing film. 2. The liquid crystal shutter according to claim 1, wherein the shutter is disposed between the shutters. 3. A liquid crystal material used in the first and second liquid crystal cells includes a ferroelectric liquid crystal composition, and a direction of a director of the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition is set to an absorption axis of a black polarizing film. It switches between the direction forming an angle of 2θ (0 ° <θ <45 °) with the direction and the direction of the absorption axis of the black polarizing film, and further includes two directions contained in the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition. The color dye absorbs light containing a hue that matches the hue indicated by the liquid crystal shutter for white light when the directors of the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition are both aligned with the absorption axis direction of the black polarizing film. The liquid crystal shutter according to claim 2. 4. A cathode ray tube (CRT) body for irradiating a phosphor screen with an electron beam to output black and white display light,
4. A light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein said light-emitting surface is fixed to a front surface of said light-emitting surface of said main body.
A liquid crystal shutter-type CRT, comprising: the liquid crystal shutter having flexibility according to any one of the above.