JPH11281560A - Repose angle measuring device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To measure with high accuracy, workability and safety by setting a measurement particle-supplying means set above a rotary stage for dropping measurement particles onto the rotary pedestal and a heating means, and measuring an inclination angle of a particle layer piled on the rotary stage. SOLUTION: A vacuum container 21 has a cylindrical electric furnace 22 inside. A funnel 24 is arranged at an upper part inside the electric furnace 22, and a rotary pedestal 25 is disposed at a bottom part inside the electric furnace. A feed pipe 28 for feeding measurement particles is set at an upper part of the funnel 24. After a predetermined quantity is injected, a hole of a bottom part of the funnel is shut by a stopper 29 having a circular conical leading end. A light-emitting part 31 with observation windows 30a, 30b and an image pickup device 32 as a light-detecting part are arranged at the side of two holes 23 of the electric furnace 22. In this constitution, the air in the vacuum container 21 is removed, gas is supplied from a cylinder 45 and heated by the electric furnace 22. Then, the stopper 29 is opened and measurement particles are injected from the funnel 24. When a predetermined pile is formed, light is projected from the light-emitting part 31 and the inclination of a shadow at the side of the other observation window 30b is measured.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring the angle of repose, and more particularly to an apparatus for measuring the angle of repose for examining the behavior of material particles at high temperatures.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a repose angle measuring device for examining the behavior of a material particle at a high temperature, FIGS.
(A) and (B) are known. Here, FIG. 3 is an overall view of a conventional repose angle measuring apparatus, and FIG.
FIG. 4B is a side view of the rotary container used for measuring the angle of repose of the granular material in the apparatus shown in FIG.

[0003] Reference numeral 1 in the figure denotes a rotating container which rotates at a constant speed and in a constant direction, and has an inlet 1a for introducing measurement particles 2 at an upper portion thereof. The rotating container 1 is provided with a rotating shaft 3 capable of rotating the rotating container 1 as described above, thereby forcibly generating a repose angle on the measurement particles 2 in the rotating container 1. The end surface 1b of the rotating container 1 is a transparent end surface, and the angle of repose of the measurement particles 2 in the rotating container 1 can be observed by the photographing device 4 from the end surface 1b.

[0004] A gas exhaust pipe 5 for removing gas from the inside of the rotary container 1 is connected to a shaft portion of the rotary container 1.
The extracted gas is discharged to the atmosphere by an exhaust gas treatment device 6. After evacuating the inside of the rotating container 1,
The environment is set by injecting the same gas as the environment to match the environment where the measurement particles 2 are actually placed. For such an operation, a gas supply pipe 7 is connected to the shaft of the rotary container 1, and for example, hydrogen is constantly supplied from a cylinder 8 via a flow rate control valve 9, and the inside of the rotary container 1 is made to have a positive pressure, so that air is supplied to the rotary container 1. I try not to get inside.

Here, the reason for putting hydrogen into the rotary container 1 is as follows.
This is to simulate the same atmosphere as the actual phenomenon. In addition, the constant supply of hydrogen to the rotating container 1 is caused by the flow of air.
This is because hydrogen and oxygen in the air may react and cause an explosion. The rotary container 1 is surrounded by a cylindrical electric furnace 10 to create a high-temperature environment. A thermocouple 11 is connected to the rotating container 1. In addition, the rotating container 1
It is thought that it is easier to keep the temperature in the chamber constant and to remove a small amount while flowing the gas, rather than to confine the gas in the rotating container 1.

FIGS. 5 to 7 show examples of the angle of repose measurement at room temperature. FIG. 5 shows the injection method, in which the particles 14
It was allowed to fall to the horizontal plane 15, which measures the angle of repose theta ₁ between a horizontal plane 15 and the particle layer forming beam 17 of the particle layer 16. In addition,
In FIG. 5, the horizontal plane 15 is not rotated. FIG. 6 shows a discharge method, in which particles 14 in a cylindrical container 18 having a hole in the bottom center.
Is dropped, and the angle of repose θ ₂ between the horizontal plane 15 of the particle 14 and the particle layer forming line 17 in the cylindrical container 18 at the time of falling is measured. FIG. 7 shows an inclined method in which a horizontal cylindrical container 19 is rolled, and a particle layer forming line 17 of the particles 14 in the horizontal cylindrical container 19 and a horizontal plane 15 are formed.
To measure the angle of repose θ ₃ .

[0007]

However, in the prior art, only the angle of repose of one surface of the transparent end face 1b of the rotary container 1 can be measured. There's a problem. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the number of times of measurement, and to increase the number of times of measurement, there is a problem that the time spent for the time is increased.

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and has a rotating pedestal, and is disposed above the rotating pedestal.
Measuring particle supply means for dropping measurement particles on the rotating pedestal, heating means for heating the periphery of the rotating pedestal and around the measuring particle supplying means, and an inclination angle of a particle layer laminated on the rotating pedestal with respect to a rotating pedestal horizontal plane. With the configuration including the particle layer forming line observing means for measurement, it is possible to easily obtain a large number of repose angle measurement values and to provide a repose angle measurement apparatus excellent in accuracy and workability. And

Further, the present invention further comprises a vacuum vessel for accommodating the rotary pedestal, the measuring particle supply means and the heating means, and gas replacement means for replacing the gas in the vacuum vessel with another gas. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a highly safe repose angle measuring device capable of avoiding a reaction between a gas existing at the periphery of the heating means and a highly reactive gas.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a rotating pedestal,
A measuring particle supply unit disposed above the rotating pedestal and configured to drop measurement particles on the rotating pedestal; a heating unit configured to heat the periphery of the rotating pedestal and the periphery of the measuring particle supplying unit; and particles stacked on the rotating pedestal. And a particle layer forming line observation means for measuring an inclination angle of the layer with respect to a horizontal surface of the rotating pedestal.

According to the present invention, the apparatus further comprises a vacuum vessel accommodating the rotary pedestal, the measuring particle supply means and the heating means, and a gas replacement means for replacing the gas in the vacuum vessel with another gas. Is preferred. This is to avoid a risk that an explosion occurs due to a reaction between a gas, such as oxygen in the air, which initially exists around the heating means, such as oxygen in the air, and a gas, such as hydrogen, sent to the heating means.

In the present invention, the heating means includes:
For example, a cylindrical electric furnace (for example, a heater) as described in an embodiment to be described later may be used. In the present invention, as the particle layer forming line observing means, for example, as described in Examples described later, observing windows are provided on two sides of a vacuum vessel with a heating furnace interposed therebetween, and a light emitting unit is further provided on the observing window side. , A light receiving unit, for example, a camera built in an imaging device provided as the light receiving unit.

In the present invention, the gas replacement means includes, for example, a vacuum pump for extracting air from the vacuum vessel, a cylinder for replacing the gas with the same environment as the environment of the particles to be measured, and a flow rate controller for connecting the vacuum vessel and the cylinder. And a gas supply pipe with a valve interposed.

In the present invention, the method of measuring the angle of repose includes an injection method, a discharge method, and a tilt method. Here, the “injection method” refers to a method of measuring the inclination angle of a conical sedimentary layer formed by gently dropping powder from above on a horizontal plane using a funnel or the like. The "discharge method" refers to a method in which powder is placed in a cylindrical container, and the bottom surface is kept horizontal, and the inclination angle of the residual layer at the center is measured. "Inclination method" means that a cylindrical container rotating about a horizontal axis and a powder and 1/2 to 1 /
A method for measuring the inclination angle of the surface when a slip occurs on the surface of the layer by slowly rotating it after inserting about 3 will be described.

[0015]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG.
This will be described with reference to (A), (B), (C) and FIG.
Here, FIG. 1A is an explanatory view showing the whole repose angle measuring apparatus according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 1B is a perspective view of an electric furnace as one configuration of the same apparatus, and FIG. 1 is a plan view of FIG. 1B, and FIG. 2 is a detailed view of a repose angle measuring unit of the granular material in the apparatus of FIG. 1A. The environment in which the measurement particles are placed may be a flammable gas atmosphere or a non-flammable gas atmosphere. In the present embodiment, the former case will be described below.

Reference numeral 21 in the figure denotes a vacuum vessel having a cylindrical electric furnace 22 as heating means therein. The electric furnace
As shown in FIGS. 1B and 1C, the tube 22 has a configuration in which a cylindrical heater 22b is formed around a cylindrical body 22a except for a visible light portion X. The heater 22b can be divided into two parts in the vertical direction, and is configured to sandwich the cylindrical body 22a. On the side surface of the electric furnace 22, two holes 23 are provided to face each other. A funnel 24 serving as a measurement particle supply means is disposed at an upper portion inside the electric furnace 22, and a rotating pedestal 25 is disposed at a lower portion inside. By the heating furnace 22, the rotating pedestal
The area around 25 and the area around funnel 24 are heated.

The rotary pedestal 25 has a configuration in which a uniform peak (particle layer 26) of the measurement particles is formed in a special gas environment and the rotation pedestal 25 can be rotated by a rotation shaft 27 in order to make the temperature effect on the measurement particles uniform. I have. A supply pipe 28 for supplying measurement particles is provided at the upper part of the funnel 24,
After injecting a predetermined amount, a hole at the bottom of the funnel is closed by a stopper 29 having a conical tip. Here, the stopper 29 accumulates a certain amount of powder in the upper supply pipe 28.

At the two holes 23 side of the electric furnace 22, an electric furnace
A light emitting unit 3 having observation windows 30a and 30b respectively so as to sandwich 22
1. An imaging device 32 having a built-in camera (particle layer forming line observation means) as a light receiving unit is arranged. That is, the light emitting unit
The light emitted from 31 is applied to the particle layer 26 in the electric furnace 22 through one observation window 30a and the hole 23, and the shadow of the particle is observed by the camera on the other observation window 30b to form the angle of repose of the particles. It has a configuration that allows it.

A vacuum pump 33 for evacuating the inside of the vacuum vessel 21 is connected to the vacuum vessel 21 via a gas exhaust pipe 34. The vacuum pump 33 has an exhaust gas treatment device
A gas exhaust pipe 36 with 35 interposed is connected. Further, the vacuum pump 33 includes a power switch 37, a vacuum pump switch 38, an electric furnace switch 39, a temperature controller 40 for controlling the temperature of the electric furnace 22, a pressure in the vacuum vessel 21, and a rotating base.
A control panel 42 to which a recorder 41 for recording the temperature, gas flow rate, etc. of the 24 is attached is attached.

A cylinder 45 serving as gas replacement means for storing hydrogen is connected to the vacuum vessel 21 via a gas supply pipe 44 provided with a gas exhaust control flow rate control valve 43. Here, the reason why hydrogen is put into the vacuum vessel 21 is to simulate the same atmosphere as the actual phenomenon. Thermocouples 46 and 47 are connected to the funnel 22 and the rotary base 25, respectively.
The temperature by 47 is fed back to the temperature controller 40. The number 26 'in the figure indicates the particle layer before injection.

The operation of the repose angle measuring apparatus having such a configuration is as follows.
This is performed as follows. First, the air in the vacuum vessel 21 is evacuated using the vacuum pump 33, and then a gas of a special environment, for example, hydrogen is supplied from the cylinder 45 into the vacuum vessel 21 while adjusting the flow control valve 43. At this time, the electric furnace 22 also starts heating. When all the gas inside the vacuum vessel 21 is replaced with the replacement gas and the electric furnace 22 is heated to a predetermined temperature, the stopper 29 is opened, and the measurement particles are injected from the funnel 24. Here, when the geodesic particles are injected, the rotary pedestal 24 is injected while rotating, so that the peaks of the measured particles are uniform.

When the peak of the measurement particles has reached a predetermined size,
Light is emitted from the light emitting unit 31 on one observation window 30a side, and the shadow is observed by a camera on the other observation window 30b side. By measuring the inclination of the shadow, a particle layer forming line 52 with respect to the horizontal plane 51 of the rotating pedestal 25 is obtained. The measurement accuracy can be improved by shortening the interval of observation of the particle layer forming line 52.

According to the apparatus for measuring the angle of repose according to the above embodiment, the particle layer 26 formed by injecting the powder from the upper funnel 24 onto the rotating pedestal 24 is turned into the particle layer 26 each time the rotating pedestal 24 is rotated. And the angle between the horizontal plane 51 and the horizontal plane 51 are photographed by the camera of the imaging device 32, so that a large number of measured values of the angle of repose (θ) can be easily obtained by the injection method. Therefore, the precision is excellent and the workability is good as compared with the conventional case. In addition, since it has the vacuum vessel 21 for accommodating the rotary pedestal 25, the funnel 24 and the heating furnace 22, and the cylinder 45 for replacing the air in the vacuum vessel 21 with hydrogen, the air existing in the vicinity of the heating furnace from the beginning is used. It is possible to avoid the danger of explosion due to the reaction of the oxygen with the hydrogen sent to the vacuum vessel 21. Further, the electric furnace 22
In this configuration, the periphery of the rotating pedestal 25 and the periphery of the funnel 24 are heated and maintained at a constant temperature. Therefore, the ambient temperature around the measurement particles is stabilized, and stable measurement of the angle of repose becomes possible.

In the above embodiment, the case where a vacuum vessel or a cylinder is used has been described. However, this is not always necessary unless a dangerous reaction occurs with oxygen in the air in the atmosphere of the measurement particles. The gas sent from the cylinder to the vacuum vessel is not limited to hydrogen, but may be another gas. Further, in the above embodiment, the heater is configured to be divided into two, but the invention is not limited to this.

[0025]

As described above in detail, according to the present invention, the rotating pedestal, the measuring particle supply means disposed above the rotating pedestal, for dropping the measuring particles onto the rotating pedestal, Heating means for heating, by comprising a particle layer formation line observation means for measuring the inclination angle of the particle layer stacked on the rotary pedestal with respect to the rotary pedestal main surface,
A large number of repose angle measurement values can be easily obtained, and a highly safe repose angle measurement device that is excellent in accuracy and workability can be provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a repose angle measuring apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a detailed view of a repose angle measuring unit of the granular material in the apparatus of the apparatus of FIG.

FIG. 3 is an overall view of a conventional repose angle measuring apparatus.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a rotating container used for measuring the angle of repose of the granular material in the apparatus of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a repose angle measurement at room temperature by an injection method.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of an example of measuring the angle of repose at normal temperature by the discharge method.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of an example of measuring a repose angle at room temperature by a tilt method.

[Explanation of symbols]

 21: vacuum vessel, 22: electric furnace, 24: funnel, 25: rotating base, 26, 26 ': particle layer, 30a, 30b: observation window, 31: light emitting unit, 32: imaging device, 33: vacuum pump, 31 ... exhaust gas treatment equipment, 35 ... exhaust gas treatment equipment, 45 ... cylinders.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Takashi Ina Inventor 507-2 Shinhocho-cho, Tokai City, Aichi Prefecture Inside Toho Gas Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yukichi Yanaka 2-5-1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo (72) Inventor Hiroshi Suzumura 4-6-22 Kannonshinmachi, Nishi-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima Inside Hiroshima Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

Claims (2)

[Claims] A rotating pedestal; a measuring particle supply means disposed above the rotating pedestal for dropping measurement particles onto the rotating pedestal; and a heating means for heating the periphery of the rotating pedestal and the periphery of the measuring particle supplying means. And a particle layer forming line observing means for measuring an angle of inclination of the particle layer laminated on the rotary pedestal with respect to a horizontal plane of the rotary pedestal. 2. A vacuum container accommodating said rotary pedestal, measurement particle supply means and heating means, and gas replacement means for replacing a gas in said vacuum vessel with another gas. A repose angle measuring apparatus according to claim 1.