JPH11223476A - Method and system for carbonizing organic matter - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a high quality active carbon in a short time without requiring any high temperature steam by heating a processing cylinder from the outside such that the inner temperature falls within a specified range while supplying dry steam having temperature within a specified range into the cylinder. SOLUTION: After heating a processing cylinder 18, combustion flows through a lead-out pipe 28A into a boiler 28 and exchanges heat with water from a water supply pipe 28B to produce steam. It is supplied, as dry steam of 300-500 deg.C, to the pipe 23 of a feed screw 22 and jetted from a plurality of steam jet openings 30 made in the pipe 23 into the cylinder 18. A material 20 thrown from a throw-in port 12 is heated by the dry steam jetted from the openings 30 simultaneously with combustion gas from a combustor 26 transmitted through the outer circumferential wall of the cylinder 18 and decomposed thermally in a specified time. A high quality active carbon can be produced through single processing of an organic matter.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a carbonization method and apparatus for heating and carbonizing an organic substance in an oxygen-free state, and more particularly to a carbonization method and apparatus for converting an organic substance into activated carbon having high added value. About.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, as regulations on industrial waste have been tightened, organic substances in wastes such as plastics and woods are thermally decomposed in a state where they are not brought into contact with oxygen, and this is converted into carbon (fixed carbon). There has been proposed a carbonization apparatus for recovering and collecting metals in waste without melting in the case of aluminum and without oxidizing in the case of copper and iron.

[0003] Such a carbonization apparatus, which continuously or batch-processes the material to be treated, is either dry-distilled without contact with oxygen, or is similar to an old charcoal kiln. In addition, the material to be treated is partially burned with a small amount of air, and the material to be treated is thermally decomposed by the heat to be separated into a pyrolysis gas (combustible gas), fixed carbon, and an inorganic substance.

[0004] When the material to be treated is wood, charcoal obtained by carbonization is called carbonized charcoal and has poor quality. Moreover, those obtained by charcoal burning have a large utility value as ordinary charcoal.

[0005] Even if the material to be treated is an organic substance other than wood, for example, a synthetic resin, the fixed carbon separated by thermal decomposition has a large utility value as activated carbon when it is porous.

However, in the case of industrial waste, almost no charcoal or activated carbon is produced, and it is simply fixed carbon.

[0007] In addition, about 50% of the wood garbage among the construction waste of a wooden house can be converted into charcoal by treating it in a carbonization furnace similar to a charcoal kiln.

[0008]

The charcoal formed from construction waste can be used for preventing mold and moisture in houses, avoiding insects, and purifying rivers. However, compared with high-quality charcoal or more porous activated carbon, The waste wood is low in utility value as wood for charcoal burning due to the deterioration in quality due to overdrying and the like, and the ash of partial combustion, especially the attachment of trace amounts of harmful metals in the ash. Also, it requires 24-36 hours for carbonization, which is inefficient.

On the other hand, about 8 carbons such as low-quality charcoal are used.
It is known that a porous activated carbon can be obtained by exposure to steam at 00 ° C.

However, when steam at 800 ° C. is used, there is a problem that the equipment cost and the running cost are too high.

In addition, there are two steps, that is, a step of thermally decomposing wastes and the like and a step of treating fixed carbon generated as a result of the thermal decomposition with high-temperature steam.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and it is possible to convert an organic substance into high-quality activated carbon in a short time without using high-temperature steam and in a single-stage treatment. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for carbonizing organic matter as described above.

[0013]

According to the present invention, when the present inventor maintains a material containing an organic substance exposed to dry steam at 300 to 500 ° C., the organic substance becomes porous activated carbon. This is based on the finding.

According to the present invention, the material to be processed in the processing cylinder is moved in the axial direction of the processing cylinder, and the material to be processed is moved into the processing cylinder by 30%.
While supplying the dry steam at 0 to 500 ° C., the inside of the processing cylinder is heated to 300 to 500 ° C. from the outside of the processing cylinder through the peripheral wall thereof, and the organic substance contained in the material to be treated is carbonized. The above object is achieved by the carbonization method.

Further, the combustible gas generated by the thermal decomposition of the material to be processed may be guided to the outside of the processing cylinder and burned, and the inside of the processing cylinder may be heated by the combustion heat via the peripheral wall.

Further, the high-temperature gas after heating the peripheral wall of the processing cylinder outside the processing cylinder may be used as at least a part of a heat source for generating dry steam to be supplied into the processing cylinder.

According to the present invention, there is provided a processing cylinder which is sealable and has an inlet for a material to be processed near one end in the axial direction and a discharge port for the material to be processed near the other end. Conveying means for conveying the material from the input port to the discharge port;
A steam supply device that generates 0 ° C. dry steam and supplies the same to the inside of the processing cylinder, and heats at least a part of the peripheral wall of the processing cylinder so that the inside of the processing cylinder is maintained at 300 to 500 ° C. The above object is achieved by an organic heating device having an external heating device.

Further, the external heating device is a combustion device for heating the peripheral wall of the processing cylinder by the heat of combustion of the fuel,
A combustible gas recovery device for guiding combustible gas generated by thermal decomposition of the material to be treated in the processing cylinder as fuel for the combustion device may be provided.

Further, the external heating device may include a heat retaining cylinder surrounding at least a part of the outer periphery of the processing cylinder, and heat the peripheral wall of the processing cylinder inside the heat retaining cylinder.

Further, a high-temperature gas recovery device may be provided which communicates with the inside of the heat-retaining cylinder and guides the high-temperature gas after heating the processing cylinder in the external heating device as a heat source for generating steam in the steam supply device.

Further, the transfer means is provided so as to penetrate the inside of the processing cylinder in the axial direction, and is provided with a feed screw for transferring the material to be processed input from the input port toward the discharge port. Is also good.

Further, the steam supply device may have a steam supply pipe which also serves as a central axis of the feed screw and has a plurality of steam ejection holes provided at appropriate intervals in the axial direction.

Further, the steam supply device is provided with an outer steam supply pipe attached to an outer periphery of the processing cylinder and supplying steam into the processing cylinder through a plurality of through holes formed in a peripheral wall of the processing cylinder. You may make it have.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cylindrical body arranged in a substantially horizontal direction, having an input port near one end in the axial direction and a discharge port near the other end. A processing cylinder closed at both ends in the axial direction, and is disposed axially in the processing cylinder, and is rotatable about a central axis, and directs a material to be charged from the input port toward the discharge port. A feed screw to be conveyed, a cylindrical heat retaining cylinder disposed so as to surround at least a part of the outer peripheral wall of the processing cylinder, and a combustion chamber attached to the heat retaining cylinder and burning inside the space and outside the processing cylinder. The apparatus includes a combustion device for injecting gas, a boiler for generating steam by the combustion gas discharged from the space, a pipe serving as a central axis of the feed screw, and a plurality of steam blowing holes formed in the pipe. And The steam generated in the serial boiler 30
A steam supply device for supplying dry steam at 0 to 500 ° C. from the steam outlet into the processing cylinder, and a combustible gas for recovering combustible gas generated by thermal decomposition in the processing cylinder and supplying the combustible gas as fuel for the combustion device The above object is achieved by an organic carbonization treatment device having a recovery device.

[0025]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, an apparatus for carbonizing organic matter according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.

The carbonization apparatus 10 according to the present invention is a tubular body arranged in a substantially horizontal direction, and has an inlet 12 near one end in the axial direction and a discharge port 14 near the other end below. A processing tube 18 whose both ends in the direction are closed by lids 16A and 16B, and a material to be processed which is disposed in the processing tube 18 in the axial direction and is rotatable around the axis, and which is input from the input port 12. A feed screw 22 for transporting the processing tube 20 toward the discharge port 14, a cylindrical heat insulating cylinder 24 disposed so as to surround the processing cylinder 18 over the entire axial direction except for the vicinity of the input port 12, and a heat insulating cylinder 24. 24, and a combustion device 26 that blows combustion gas into an annular space 25 inside and outside the processing cylinder 18.
A boiler 28 for generating steam by the combustion gas discharged upward from the annular space 25, a pipe 23 serving as a central axis of the feed screw 22, and a plurality of pipes 23 formed at appropriate intervals in the axial direction of the pipe 23. A steam supply device 3 which includes a steam blowout hole 30 and supplies the steam generated in the boiler 28 as dry steam at 300 to 500 ° C. from the steam blowout hole 30 into the processing cylinder 18.
2, and a combustible gas recovery device 34 that recovers combustible gas generated by thermal decomposition in the processing tube 18 and supplies it as fuel for the combustion device 26.

Above the charging port 12 in the processing tube 18, a material charging device 36 is disposed. The processing material charging device 36 includes a hopper 36A, a crushing device 36B, a crushing material introduction hopper 36C, and a charging port shielding device 36D arranged in this order from the upper side, and crushes the processing material 20 introduced into the hopper 36A. The crushed material is crushed to a certain size or less by 36B, and the crushed material is introduced into the inlet 12 from the crushed material introduction hopper 36C.

The input port shielding device 36D is driven by a pair of shielding plates 37A, 37B, which are vertically separated from each other and are reciprocally movable in the horizontal direction, by means of cylinder devices 38A, 38B. A certain amount of the material to be treated 20 is supplied from the inlet 12 to the processing
8.

The feed screw 22 is formed by spirally wrapping a plate around an outer periphery of a pipe 23 serving as a central axis of the feed screw 22. One end of the pipe 23 horizontally projects outward from the lid 16A, , The pressurized steam from the steam supply pipe 32B can be introduced into the pipe 23 via the rotary joint 32A.

The rotary joint 3 of the pipe 23
A driven gear 40A is coaxially and integrally mounted at a position closer to the processing cylinder 18 than 2A, and is rotationally driven by a motor 40B via a driving gear 40C, so that the feed screw 22 discharges the processing target material 20. It is rotated so as to feed in the direction of the outlet 14.

As shown in FIG. 1, the heat retaining cylinder 24 has the same configuration as that of FIG.
The processing tube 18 is arranged so as to concentrically surround the outside.

The combustion device 26 is connected to the lower side of the heat retaining cylinder 24 and blows combustion gas into the annular space 25 from a combustion gas inlet 26A at the upper end.

An annular space 2 is provided above the heat retaining cylinder 24.
A gas outlet pipe 28A for guiding the combustion exhaust gas from the fuel cell 5 to the boiler 28 is attached.

The boiler 28 includes a combustion gas outlet pipe 28
A by the hot combustion gas introduced from A
Is heated to generate steam, and the steam is supplied to the steam supply pipe 32B.

The steam supply pipe 32B is provided through the juvenile device 26 at a position intermediate with the rotary joint 32A.
Dry steam at 0 to 500 ° C. is formed.

The flammable gas recovery device 3 is provided below the processing cylinder 18 in the vicinity of the right end in FIG. 1 and at the upper end of the lid 16A.
4 is connected to the gas recovery pipe 34A.

The gas recovery pipe 34A conducts a combustible gas, a liquid component such as wood vinegar, and water vapor generated during the thermal decomposition of the material 20 to be treated in the treatment tube 18, and a vapor-liquid separation device 34B
Has been led to.

The gas-liquid separator 34B includes a gas recovery pipe 34A.
Is separated into a gas and a liquid, and the gas (primarily combustible gas) is sent as the fuel for combustion of the combustion device 26.

The liquid such as wood vinegar separated by the gas-liquid separation device 34B is supplied to the liquid fuel supply system 35B of the combustion device 26 by the liquid pump 35A.

From this liquid fuel supply system 35B, liquid fuel such as kerosene from a fuel tank 35C is supplied to a fuel pump 35D.
Is supplied to the combustion device 26. Reference numeral 26B in FIG. 1 indicates a blower for supplying combustion air to the combustion device 26.

A cooling device 42 is disposed below the discharge port 14 of the processing tube 18 and is connected to the cooling port 42. The cooling device 42 is discharged from the discharge port 14 through a discharge passage 14A extending below the discharge port 14. Cooled activated carbon and the like are cooled and discharged from the lower end.

This cooling device 42 is connected to the discharge passage 14A.
And a vertical cylindrical cooling water jacket 42A surrounding the cooling water jacket 4A.
By arranging 2A, heat exchange can be performed between water supplied to the boiler 28 and activated carbon discharged from the discharge port 14. The water supply pipe 28B is supplied with water from a water supply tank 44 by a pump 44A.

The lower end of the cooling device 42 is driven in the horizontal direction by a cylinder device 46A, and the discharge passage 14A
There is provided a shielding plate 46 for opening and closing the shutter.

Reference numeral 48 in FIG. 1 denotes a gas purifier, which purifies the combustion gas introduced into the boiler 28 from the combustion gas outlet pipe 28A and discharges it to the atmosphere.

The gas purifying device 48 includes a first scrubber 48A and a second scrubber 48B arranged in series, and removes chlorine gas, dust and the like contained in the gas by water sprayed from respective upper ends thereof. Have been to be.

Reference numeral 48C in the figure denotes a blower for sucking combustion gas from the boiler 28 through the first and second scrubbers 48A and 48B and discharging purified gas from the chimney 48D to the atmosphere.

Next, a process of carbonizing the material to be treated 20 by the carbonizing apparatus 10 will be described.

First, the material to be treated is charged from the hopper 36A, crushed to a predetermined size or less by the crushing device 36B, dropped into the crushed material introduction hopper 36C, and processed through the input port 12 from the input port shielding device 36D. It is supplied into the cylinder 18.

In the inlet shielding device 36D, the cylinder devices 38A and 38B are alternately opened and closed to obtain
Material 20 dropped between shielding plates 37A, 37B
Are sequentially sent without opening the charging port 12 to the atmosphere.

On the other hand, the combustion device 26 is started up in advance,
The fuel in the fuel tank 35C is burned, and the combustion gas and / or combustion flame is blown into the annular space 25 from the combustion gas blowing port 26A to heat the processing cylinder 18.

The combustion gas that has heated the processing tube 18 reaches the boiler 28 from the combustion gas outlet pipe 28A, where it exchanges heat with water from the water supply pipe 28B to turn it into steam.

The generated steam reaches the combustion device 26 through the steam supply pipe 32B, where it is heated again, and
The dry steam at 500 ° C. is supplied to the pipe 23 of the feed screw 22 via the rotary joint 32A.

Accordingly, the dry steam is jetted into the processing tube 18 from the steam outlets 30 formed in the pipe 23.

The material 2 to be processed introduced from the inlet 12
0, the processing cylinder 18 is driven toward the discharge port 14 by driving the feed screw 22 by the motor 40B.
Move in.

During this time, the fuel is heated by the dry steam blown out from the steam blow-out hole 30 and, at the same time, by the combustion gas of the combustion device 26 transmitted from the outer peripheral wall of the processing cylinder 18. Further, the dry steam blown out from the steam blowout hole 30 and contacting the material to be processed 20 and having a lowered temperature is also treated by the processing cylinder 18.
Is heated again by the combustion heat transmitted through the outer peripheral wall of the processing cylinder 18, and the inside of the processing cylinder 18 is maintained at 300 to 500 ° C.

As described above, the inside of the processing cylinder 18 is 300 to 50.
In the state maintained at 0 ° C., the material to be treated 20 conveyed from the inlet 12 to the outlet 14 by the feed screw 22 for a predetermined time (6 to 9 in the carbonization apparatus 10)
Time), the organic matter becomes high quality activated carbon, and the mixed metals are separated from the activated carbon without melting or oxidizing.

The activated carbon or the like extruded from the outlet 14 in this state is cooled by exchanging heat with cooling water at the position of the cooling water jacket 42A of the cooling device 42, and the shielding plate 46 driven by the cylinder device 46A is cooled. Each time it is opened, it is discharged downward.

The cooling water heat-exchanged with the activated carbon or the like by the cooling device 42 is supplied to the boiler 28 through the water supply pipe 28B as described above.

When the material to be treated 20 is thermally decomposed in the processing cylinder 18, a combustible gas such as a dry distillation gas and a dry distillation liquid such as a wood vinegar are generated, and these are passed through a gas recovery pipe 34A to a gas-liquid separator. 34B.

In the gas-liquid separator 34 B, the combustible gas and the liquid are separated, and the combustible gas is supplied as gaseous fuel for the combustion device 26.

The separated liquid is supplied to the liquid fuel supply system 35B by the liquid pump 35A, where it is supplied to the combustion device 26 together with the liquid fuel from the fuel tank 35C or separately.

Therefore, the material 2 to be processed in the processing tube 18 is
All gases and liquids generated by the thermal decomposition of 0 are burned in the combustion device 26 and processed.

The combustion gas passes through the annular space 25 and the combustion gas outlet pipe 28A and, in the boiler 28, exchanges heat with water to generate steam as described above.
At 8, it is sucked by the blower 48C.

In the gas purifier 48, the boiler 2
The first and second scrubbers 48 </ b> A,
At 48B, the fine metal particles and the like are adsorbed and purified and released into the atmosphere from the chimney 48D.

Therefore, no harmful metals or dioxins are released into the atmosphere.

Next, a carbonization apparatus 50 according to a second embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 2 will be described.

In the carbonizing apparatus 50, a steam supply pipe 52 is spirally wound around the outer periphery of the processing tube 18 in the carbonizing apparatus 10 of FIG. 1, and a steam blowing hole 54 formed in the inner circumference of the steam supply pipe 52. In addition, dry steam at 300 to 500 ° C. can be supplied into the processing cylinder 18 through a through hole 56 provided on the outer periphery of the processing cylinder 18 in communication with the steam blowing hole 54.

Another configuration is the carbonization apparatus 10 shown in FIG.
Therefore, the same parts as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

In the carbonization apparatus 50, since dry steam can be supplied into the processing cylinder 18 from the steam outlet hole 54 of the steam supply pipe 52 in addition to the steam outlet hole 30 provided in the pipe 23, The temperature in the cylinder 18 can be more stably maintained and the carbonization time can be shortened.

At this time, since the steam supply pipe 52 wound around the outer periphery of the processing tube 18 is also heated by the combustion gas of the combustion device 26 blown into the annular space 25, the steam supply pipe 52 is more stable and has a higher temperature. The processing cylinder 18 can be maintained.

The carbonizing device 10 is formed by forming a steam blowout hole 30 in a pipe 23 forming the central axis of the feed screw 22, and the carbonizing device 50 is provided on the outer periphery of the processing cylinder 18. Although the pressurized steam is supplied from the steam supply pipe 52, the present invention is not limited to this, and may be any as long as it can supply dry steam at 300 to 500 ° C. into the processing tube 18.

However, when the steam blowout hole 30 is provided in the pipe 23 constituting the central axis of the feed screw 22, the pressurized steam can be uniformly blown to the material to be processed 20.

The carbonization apparatuses 10 and 50 are both configured to continuously pyrolyze while moving the material to be processed 20 by the feed screw 22 to form activated carbon, but are limited to the feed screw. Not a thing,
Other conveyance means, for example, gravity, a pusher, or the like may be used.

In each of the carbonization apparatuses 10 and 50 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the processing cylinder 18 is disposed in the horizontal direction. However, the present invention is not limited to this. You may make it provide in a perpendicular direction or incline. Further, the processing tube may be rotatable around its central axis.

[0075]

According to the present invention, as described above,
The organic matter can be converted into high-quality activated carbon by multiple treatments.
And, conventionally, it took 24-36 hours, whereas 6-
It has an excellent effect that high-speed processing can be performed in 9 hours.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view including a partial block diagram showing a carbonization apparatus according to a first example of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a main part of a second example of the embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10, 50: carbonization device 12: input port 14: discharge port 16A, 16B: lid 18: processing cylinder 20: material to be processed 22: feed screw 24: heat retaining cylinder 25: annular space 26 ... combustion device 28: boiler 30 ... Steam blowout hole 32 ... Steam supply device 34 ... Combustible gas recovery device 52 ... Steam supply pipe 54 ... Steam blowout hole 56 ... Through hole

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A process for moving a material to be processed in a processing cylinder in an axial direction of the processing cylinder and supplying dry steam at 300 to 500 ° C. into the processing cylinder while removing a peripheral wall from the outside of the processing cylinder. A method of carbonizing an organic substance in which the inside of the processing cylinder is heated to 300 to 500 ° C. to carbonize the organic substance contained in the material to be processed. 2. The processing cylinder according to claim 1, wherein a combustible gas generated by thermal decomposition of the material to be processed is guided to the outside of the processing cylinder and burned, and the inside of the processing cylinder is heated via the peripheral wall by the combustion heat. A carbonization method for organic matter, characterized by the following. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the high-temperature gas after heating the peripheral wall of the processing cylinder outside the processing cylinder is used as at least a part of a heat source for generating dry steam to be supplied into the processing cylinder. A method for carbonizing organic materials. 4. A processing tube which is sealable and has an inlet for a material to be processed near one end in the axial direction and a discharge port for the material to be processed near the other end, and the material to be processed is placed in the processing tube. A conveying means for conveying from the input port to the discharge port, a steam supply device for generating dry steam at 300 to 500 ° C. and supplying the same to the inside of the processing cylinder, and processing at least a part of the peripheral wall of the processing cylinder. An external heating device for heating the inside of the cylinder so as to be maintained at 300 to 500 ° C .; 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the external heating device comprises:
In addition to the combustion device that heats the peripheral wall of the processing cylinder by the combustion heat of the fuel, a combustible gas recovery device that guides combustible gas generated by thermal decomposition of the material to be processed in the processing cylinder as fuel for the combustion device is provided. An organic carbonization treatment apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned. 6. An external heating device according to claim 4, wherein said external heating device has a heat retaining cylinder surrounding at least a part of an outer periphery of said processing cylinder, and heats a peripheral wall of said processing cylinder inside said heat retaining cylinder. An organic matter carbonization apparatus characterized by being performed. 7. A high-temperature gas recovery device according to claim 6, wherein said high-temperature gas recovery device communicates with said heat-retaining cylinder and guides a high-temperature gas after heating of said processing cylinder in said external heating device as a heat source of steam generation in said steam supply device. An organic carbonization treatment apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned. 8. The transfer means according to claim 4, wherein the transfer means is disposed so as to extend through the inside of the processing cylinder in the axial direction, and directs the material to be charged from the input port toward the discharge port. An organic carbonization apparatus, which is a feed screw for conveying. 9. The steam supply device according to claim 8, wherein:
An organic carbonization apparatus, which also serves as a central axis of the feed screw and has a steam supply pipe provided with a plurality of steam ejection holes provided at appropriate intervals in the axial direction. 10. The steam supply device according to claim 4, wherein the steam supply device is attached to an outer periphery of the processing cylinder.
An organic carbonization apparatus comprising an outer steam supply pipe for supplying steam into a processing cylinder through a plurality of through holes formed in a peripheral wall of the processing cylinder. 11. A tubular body arranged in a substantially horizontal direction,
A processing cylinder having an inlet near the one end in the axial direction and a discharge port near the other end and a lower end near the other end, and a processing cylinder closed at both ends in the axial direction, and disposed axially in the processing cylinder and rotatable around the central axis. A feed screw that conveys the material to be processed input from the input port toward the discharge port, and a tubular heat retaining cylinder disposed so as to surround at least a part of an outer peripheral wall of the processing cylinder. It is attached to this heat insulation tube, inside,
A combustion device for blowing combustion gas into a space outside the processing cylinder; a boiler for generating steam by the combustion gas discharged from the space; a pipe serving as a central axis of the feed screw; and a pipe formed on the pipe. A steam supply device for supplying steam generated in the boiler as dry steam at 300 to 500 ° C. from the steam outlet to the inside of the processing cylinder, and heat in the processing cylinder. A combustible gas recovery device that recovers combustible gas generated by the decomposition and supplies it as fuel for the combustion device;
An organic carbonization treatment device comprising: