JPH11199357A - Semi-fermented fertilizer utilizing aquatic plants - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To inexpensively produce fertilizer capable of readily carrying out aerobic fermentation of aquatic plants in extremely short time, not only acting as an effective fertilizer containing various enzymes and vitamins, but also exhibiting effect activating activity of microorganism in soil, promoting soil aggregate structure and activating soil, capable of preparing farm crops having high safety, not having bad influence on peripheral environment, suitable for mechanical spraying and excellent in handleability at a low cost. SOLUTION: A raw material obtained by charging aerobic soil bacterium group in proper weight ratio into a mixture obtained by mixing a chip material obtained by cutting aquatic plants with a water content controller and fish processed residue at nearly equal weight is controlled so as to have a water content in which the aerobic soil bacterium group is actively activated and heated while carrying out agitation and aeration and a temperature of the raw material is raised to a temperature at which aerobic high-temperature soil bacterium group does not die to produce a semi- fermented material and agitation and aeration are carried out while keeping temperature of the semi-fermented material to <=80 deg.C and semi-fermented fertilizer utilizing aquatic plants is produced as a water content in which aerobic soil bacterium group becomes dormant state.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fertilizer, and more particularly to aquatic plants such as water hyacinth, coco cane, reeds and the like (hereinafter referred to as "aquatic plants"), and aquatic plants produced using food processing residues. The present invention relates to a semi-fermented fertilizer using plants.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Aquatic plants that propagate in eutrophic lakes, rivers, ponds, water reservoirs, reservoirs, etc. (hereinafter referred to as "eutrophic waters") are eutrophic waters. It grows by absorbing a large amount of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium contained therein. For example, water hyacinth is very excellent in nutrient absorption and reproductive power. A water purification method for removing nutrients has been experimentally implemented, and its effect has been confirmed.

The water hyacinth cultivated as described above contains a large amount of fertilizer components such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium in a well-balanced manner. Effective use as an improver is also expected.

However, aquatic plants contain a very large amount of fiber and have a high water content of, for example, 93% to 94% by weight in water hyacinth. Therefore, they are collected from eutrophic waters and directly fertilized to be returned to agricultural lands as they are. When subjected to the law, the fibrous material remains without being decomposed and accumulates on the agricultural land, and because of its high water activity, it rots and gives off a bad smell. Moreover, fermentation is extremely difficult due to the large amount of fiber only by stacking, and does not become compost.

As a method for fermenting and decomposing the fiber of such hardly fermentable aquatic plants, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-190285 has been proposed.
As described in the official gazette, aquatic plants such as water hyacinth (hereinafter referred to as “water hyacinth etc.”) are previously dried to an appropriate moisture content, and then an easily decomposable organic substance is added thereto.
A method of composting aquatic plants, characterized in that aerobic fermentation is performed after adjusting the mixing ratio of the aquatic plants and the organic additives so that the water content of the mixture is 40 to 60%. According to the known composting method, water hyacinth and the like are fibrous and hardly fermentable.
The temperature of the mixture of water hyacinth etc. and other organic matter rises by adding a small amount of animal dung, sludge, etc. of 5-10%,
Fermentation starts.

However, the conventional composting method described above compresses a mixture of water hyacinth etc. and a fermentation aid, waits for the natural start of fermentation after forced aeration, and even after fermentation starts, the fermentation heat causes Since the fermentation is not promoted at all depending on the temperature rise, it takes about one cycle of fermentation treatment from mixing water hyacinth etc. with a fermentation aid until the fiber reaches the fermentation decomposition state. It has the disadvantage of requiring as long as one week.

Further, in order to carry out the above-mentioned conventional composting method, for example, a fermentation decomposition treatment apparatus having a compression apparatus as described in JP-A-59-187776 is required. The efficiency is very low because one cycle of fermentation decomposition requires a long time of about one week.
The amount of water hyacinth etc. which is naturally subjected to fermentation decomposition treatment is limited by the limit of the equipment scale.

[0008] Therefore, in the summer, when a large amount of water hyacinth etc. used for water purification of eutrophic waters is collected, an enormous amount is concentrated and collected in a short period of time. In order to complete the fermentation treatment without performing the above, it is necessary to secure a large fermentation decomposition treatment capacity by installing a large number of the above-mentioned fermentation decomposition treatment devices, but the operation period of these facilities is one time in summer, and water hyacinth etc. There is a problem that the equipment investment is too heavy for the equipment for the treatment.

As described above, aquatic plants have been confirmed to have an excellent effect of purifying water quality in eutrophic waters, and have problems in their treatment methods despite the fact that they are expected to be effectively used as fertilizers. The spread of water purification means using aquatic plants themselves has been delayed, and there has been a demand for the development of a method for producing an effective fertilizer by using aquatic plants that have conventionally completed the role of water purification.

In order to make the fertilizer effectively act on the growth of crops, not only fertilizers utilizing aquatic plants but also organic fertilizers or organic substances contained in the soil of agricultural lands are decomposed by the activity of microorganisms. Otherwise, the growth of the crop cannot be promoted without being absorbed by the crop, which is a plant body. Therefore, in the fertilizer containing the organic matter, it is necessary to consider activation of the microorganisms that decompose the organic matter.

However, in general, the activity of these microorganisms is inactive in the developed farmland, and even if an aquatic plant rich in organic matter as a fertilizer component is used, for example, the compost by the conventional composting method can reduce the organic matter. Since the compost does not decompose sufficiently even when fertilized on the developed agricultural land, the compost does not decompose by fermentation. After acting as a fertilizer, most of the undegraded organic matter was not decomposed but only accumulated in the developed farmland, did not act as a fertilizer component, and could not promote the growth of crops.

In addition, even in relatively fertile agricultural land, the activity of microorganisms that decompose organic matter may be inactive. In such agricultural land, organic matter is accumulated without being decomposed. In order to promote the effective use of these organic substances, it is necessary to activate the activity of microorganisms.

Therefore, the fertilizer used in the developed farmland not only contains undegraded organic matter as a slow-acting fertilizer component, but also performs fermentation decomposition without depending on the fermentation decomposition ability of microorganisms present in the soil to be fertilized. It must also have a fermentation decomposition function, and when used on relatively fertile farmland, has a function to promote the fermentation decomposition of organic substances contained in soil in addition to the self-fermentation decomposition function. Need to be.

Further, the handling of the fertilizer is such that it does not emit a bad smell during the fertilizer production process, transportation, storage and fertilization on farmland, etc., and fermentation decomposition proceeds during storage to generate fermentation heat and does not reach a high temperature. In addition, it is required that the particles are finely granulated so as to be suitable for mechanical spraying and are in a moderately dry state.

Thus, the present invention enables the aerobic fermentation of aquatic plants in an extremely short time and easily, and not only as an effective fertilizer containing various enzymes and vitamins, but also to activate the activity of microorganisms in the soil. Agricultural crops that are highly safe for the human body while promoting the formation of aggregates in the soil, increasing the permeability, water distribution, water retention, and fertilizing power, and also exhibiting the effect of soil conditioners that activate the soil. It is an object of the present invention to produce fertilizer excellent in handleability which does not adversely affect the surrounding environment, is suitable for mechanical spraying and does not emit a bad odor, at a low cost, and provides it at a low cost.

[0016]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and is intended to reduce the weight of each of a chip material, a water regulator and a fish processing residue obtained by cutting an aquatic plant. The raw material obtained by adding the aerobic soil bacteria group in an appropriate weight ratio to the mixed mixture is brought into a state of a moisture content in which the aerobic soil bacteria group is actively activated, and then heated while performing stirring and aeration. And raising the temperature of the raw material to a temperature at which the aerobic high-temperature soil bacteria group does not die to produce a semi-fermented product, and further performing stirring and aeration while maintaining the temperature of the semi-fermented product at 80 ° C. or lower, to perform aerobic soil production. It is based on a semi-fermented fertilizer using aquatic plants that are produced as a moisture percentage at which the fungi become dormant.

Aquatic plants include water hyacinth, coco cane,
Floating plants such as reeds, submerged plants, and drafting plants can be used. In particular, it is preferable to use aquatic plants that are cultivated in eutrophic waters and that are rich in nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium, etc. for the purpose of water purification. Preferably, the fish processing residue is rich in animal protein, the fish head is a readily degradable organic matter,
Built-in and the like can be used. The water regulator absorbs the water contained in aquatic plants to make the water content of the raw material suitable for the activity of the aerobic soil bacteria group, as well as easily decomposable organic substances rich in plant proteins and nitrogen. Processing residues of cereals such as rice bran and dried okara can be used.

The aerobic soil bacteria group is a normal temperature bacterium including Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus bacterium such as Bacillus subtilis and a rod-shaped lactic acid bacterium which are actively active in a temperature range around normal temperature, and an aerobic activity which is actively active in a medium temperature range around 40 to 60 ° C. Mesophilic bacteria such as spores, actinomycetes, yeasts and fungi, 7
A type of aerobic spore bacterium actively active in a high temperature zone of 0 ° C. or higher, a Neisseria bacterium including a type of actinomycetes, etc., wherein the aerobic soil bacteria group is a group of bacteria present in the mixture or soil. An appropriate weight ratio of the mixture, specifically around 0.01% by weight of the mixture, is added to the mixture so as to act preferentially.

The moisture content of the raw material is defined as a moisture content at which the aerobic soil bacteria group can actively activate. In the group of aerobic soil bacteria, the fermentation decomposition activity is stagnated when the water content is 70% or more, and conversely, the activity shifts to a dormant state when the water content is 40% or less, and is completely dormant when the water content is 10% or less. Therefore, the moisture content of the raw material is adjusted to a range in which the aerobic soil bacteria group performs the fermentation decomposition activity, preferably in a range of 50% to 60% to perform the fermentation decomposition. The moisture content of the raw material may be adjusted by adjusting the amount of the moisture adjusting agent, adding moisture, or drying by passing through hot air and drying.

The stirring is carried out in a fermentation apparatus such as a fermentation pit into which the mixture is charged.
Known stirring means, such as a rod-shaped body, can be used, and aeration can be performed by naturally or forcibly passing air at room temperature or high temperature through the raw materials in the fermentation apparatus,
The heating can also serve as the ventilation with the high-temperature air, and a known heating means using an electric heater, thermal power, or the like can be used. The heating means raises the temperature of the raw material to a temperature at which the group of aerobic high-temperature soil bacteria can actively perform the fermentation decomposition activity, but is preferably increased to the temperature over about 0.5 to 2 hours to ferment the raw material. Promotes decomposition,
It is in a semi-fermented state (hereinafter, referred to as a "semi-fermented product") in which the fibrous material of the aquatic plants, fish processing residues, and the like are sufficiently fermented and decomposed and also contain a large amount of undecomposed organic matter.

The semi-fermented product is further agitated, aerated, and heated to dry the semi-fermented product to a moisture content below the aerobic soil bacteria dormant state. If it exceeds, even the aerobic high-temperature soil bacteria group may be killed. Therefore, the temperature of the semi-fermented product needs to be suppressed to 80 ° C or less, and it is preferable to maintain the temperature of 70 to 75 ° C while maintaining Over a period of time, the moisture content is reduced to 10% or less to obtain a semi-fermented fertilizer.

[0022]

According to the above-described semi-fermented fertilizer, the aquatic plants cultivated for the purpose of water purification and containing abundant and well-balanced nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium, have a function of regulating moisture and a role as a vegetable protein. A mixture of a water regulator such as rice bran or dried okara, and fish processing residues as animal protein, a mixture of a specific aerobic soil fungi so that it has a higher priority than the naturally occurring fungi At a constant rate, and furthermore, the aerobic soil fungus group is adjusted to have a moisture content and a temperature condition that can actively activate the aerobic fermentation of aquatic plants and food processing residues in a very short time and easily. The aerobic fermentation and decomposition can be carried out by fermenting and decomposing aquatic plants, such as fibrous materials and fish processing residues. An effective fertilizer rich in various enzymes and vitamins produced from the fermentation, and at the same time, the semi-fermented product is dried under a relatively low temperature condition, so that the aerobic soil bacteria group is not killed and the dormant state due to drying By doing so, it is possible to produce a semi-fermented fertilizer containing a decomposable organic substance and a viable aerobic soil bacteria group.

Therefore, by fertilizing the above semi-fermented fertilizer and plowing it into the soil, the already fermented and decomposed part effectively acts on the plant as a quick-acting fertilizer which is immediately absorbed by the plant, and The fertilizer absorbs moisture in the soil to increase the moisture content of the semi-fermented fertilizer, and the dormant aerobic soil bacteria group resumes their activities, reducing the aerobic fermentation decomposition of organic matter in the semi-fermented fertilizer. In this case, the fertilizer component that can be absorbed by the plant body is permanently decomposed and generated, so that the fertilizer has both actions of a fast-acting fertilizer and a slow-acting fertilizer, and is an effective fertilizer that exerts a synergistic effect thereof.

Furthermore, in the soil, the fermentation heat is generated by aerobic fermentation decomposition of the organic matter in the semi-fermented fertilizer, and this fermentation heat not only reduces the fermentation decomposition in the semi-fermented fertilizer but also the activity of microorganisms present in the soil itself. In addition to being activated to promote the decomposition of organic matter contained in the soil, secretions and the like discharged by microorganisms in the soil bind and aggregate the soil particles, and promote the structuring of the aggregated soil, thereby increasing the , And the gap between the aggregates is the permeability of the soil,
It enhances drainage, water retention, and fertilizer retention, and also acts as a soil conditioner that activates the soil, resulting in better rooting of crops, repelling pests and insects, increasing soil temperature, and increasing the length of fertilizer. The effect such as effect, early effect and the like can be obtained.

In addition, the raw materials used in the production of semi-fermented fertilizers use not only aquatic plants, but also food processing residues such as fish processing residues, rice bran and okara, and do not use chemicals or chemical substances. It is possible to produce agricultural crops that are highly safe against the environment and does not adversely affect the surrounding environment such as soil contamination.

Since aerobic fermentation is performed in a very short time to produce a semi-fermented fertilizer without using animal dung or the like as raw materials, there is no generation of compounds that emit an unpleasant odor due to decay.
In any case, such as when the semi-fermented fertilizer is manufactured, transported, stored, or fertilized on farmland, no odor is generated, there is no adverse effect on the surrounding environment, and there is no mental burden in handling.

In addition, general organic fertilizers are mixed with compositions of various sizes, and contain a large amount of moisture, are wet and have high viscosity, so that they are not easily adapted to mechanical spraying, require time and effort for fertilization, and are easy to handle. Although not good, the semi-fermented fertilizer is sufficiently fine-grained by fermentation decomposition and stirring, and is suitable for mechanical spraying because it is dry, and does not cause an increase in the number of fertilizers, and has good handleability. It is.

In addition, the semi-fermented fertilizer can be produced in a very short time and easily, so that the production efficiency is high, and the production cost can be kept low because complicated and sophisticated production equipment is not required. By producing a semi-fermented fertilizer in combination with a water purification method or a recovery method for continuously supplying a constant amount of aquatic plants by a fixed amount, it is possible to more efficiently supply a semi-fermented fertilizer having a high fertilizer effect at a low cost. .

As described above, aerobic fermentation of aquatic plants can be carried out in a very short time and easily, not only as an effective fertilizer containing various enzymes and vitamins, but also by activating the activity of microorganisms in the soil. Promotes the structuring of aggregates in the soil,
It enhances air permeability, water distribution, water retention, and fertilizing power, and also exerts the effect of a soil conditioner that activates the soil.At the same time, it is possible to produce crops that are safe for the human body, and adversely affect the surrounding environment. In addition, fertilizers that are suitable for mechanical spraying and do not emit a bad smell and have excellent handleability can be manufactured at low cost and provided at low cost.

[0030]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION AND

EXAMPLES Water hyacinth cultivated for the purpose of purifying water and reaching a leaf length of about 60 cm, nitrogen of 3.11% by weight or more, 0.1% or more.
It contains a large amount of an effective fertilizer component such as 58% by weight or more and 5.89% by weight or more (all in terms of dry matter), and harvests and fertilizes the water hyacinth without drying using a cutting means. It is cut to a length of 10 cm and made into chips. This chipping increases the surface area and facilitates the progress of fermentation degradation. When water hyacinth is crushed to form a mince, the progress of fermentation decomposition can be further facilitated.

Next, assuming that the weight of the chipped water hyacinth is 1, the rice bran as a moisture regulator is put into the fermentation pit at a weight ratio of 1 and the fish head as the fish processing residue is put into the fermentation pit at a ratio of 1 and compressed. Without stirring. Rice bran is not only a water regulator, but also a vegetable protein and nitrogen-rich, easily degradable organic substance.The fish head is also an organic substance rich in animal protein, and at the same time aerobic. It has the property of activating the activity of soil fungi.

However, the raw fish has a lot of fat when raw, and it takes a little time for aerobic fermentation and decomposition, and it takes a little time to dry the fertilizer, and contains a lot of fat. If the semi-fermented fertilizer is stored for a long period of time, discoloration is caused. Therefore, it is desirable to obtain and use the fish head after extracting the fish oil in another process in advance. The rice bran, dried okara, and fish head are all food processing residues, and are easily and extremely inexpensively available. In addition, as an additive rich in fertilizer components, a seaweed containing minerals may be mixed.

As described above, for a weight of water hyacinth, a mixture of 1 rice bran and 1 fish head has a water content of about 5 which is suitable for aerobic fermentation by aerobic soil bacteria.
5%, where 0.01% by weight of the mixture
Aerobic soil bacteria group. The aerobic soil bacteria group is mainly composed of aerobic high-temperature soil bacteria groups such as Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast, and the mixture is agitated by stirring means in the fermentation pit, and hot air is aerated. The temperature of the mixture is raised from ambient to 75 ° C. over about 2 hours.

As the temperature of the mixture rises, each of the aerobic soil bacteria groups vigorously undergoes aerobic fermentation and decomposition at the appropriate temperature. That is, room temperature bacteria including Bacillus genus bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis and rod-shaped lactic acid bacteria that are actively fermented and decomposed in a temperature range around room temperature, aerobic spores that are actively fermented and decomposed in a medium temperature range around 40 to 60 ° C., actinomycetes, Mesophilic bacteria such as yeasts and fungi, 7
A mixture of aerobic spores and actinomycetes, which are active in the high-temperature zone of 0 ° C or higher, act as a semi-fermentative fertilizer in a short time of about 2 hours. In other words, the fiber of water hyacinth is decomposed, the aerobic fermentation decomposition proceeds until the fish head is also refined without its original shape, and it has a fast-acting fertilizer component that acts on the plant immediately after fertilization as a fast-acting fertilizer It is a semi-fermented product in which an organic substance capable of permanently fermenting and decomposing and producing fertilizer components absorbed by a plant remains abundantly.

The moisture content of the above semi-fermented product is changed while maintaining the moisture content at which the aerobic soil bacteria group works most actively at 50 to 60% throughout almost the entire fermentation decomposition period in which the aerobic fermentation degradation is performed. After about 2 hours when the aerobic fermentation decomposition is sufficiently performed, the water content of the semi-fermented product becomes 50% or less, and the activity of the aerobic soil bacteria group is slowed down in a dry state where the water content is lower than this, Drying proceeds further, moisture content 4
When the concentration falls below 0%, the aerobic soil bacteria group becomes dormant.

When the semi-fermented product is stirred while maintaining the temperature of the semi-fermented product at 75 ° C. by passing warm air through the semi-fermented product, the semi-fermented product continues to dry, and the semi-fermented product after a drying period of about 2 hours has passed. Is dried to a moisture content of 10% or less, but a semi-fermented fertilizer in which various enzymes and aerobic soil bacteria groups remain is completed. The low-temperature drying that maintains the relatively low temperature of 75 ° C. in this way shifts the dormant state without dying the aerobic soil bacteria group of the semi-fermented fertilizer, and keeps the semi-fermented fertilizer at high quality without deteriorating. It is.

The above-prepared semi-fermented fertilizer has a total nitrogen of 3.5.
It contains not less than 0%, not less than 5.07% of phosphoric acid, and not less than 1.67% of potassium, and is not only an effective fertilizer rich in various enzymes and vitamins, but also the remaining aerobic soil bacteria group in the soil. It is an excellent fertilizer that decomposes organic matter by fermentation.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A raw material obtained by adding an aerobic soil bacteria group at an appropriate weight ratio to a mixture obtained by mixing substantially equal weights of a chip material obtained by cutting aquatic plants, a water regulator and fish processing residues. After the aerobic soil bacteria group is brought into a state of a water content in which the aerobic soil bacteria group is actively activated, the mixture is heated with stirring and aeration, and the temperature of the raw material is raised to a temperature at which the aerobic high-temperature soil bacteria group does not die. A fermentation product is produced and the temperature of the semi-fermentation product is increased to 80
A semi-fermented fertilizer using aquatic plants produced by stirring and aerating while maintaining the temperature at or below ℃ to obtain a water content at which an aerobic soil bacteria group becomes dormant. 2. A raw material obtained by introducing a group of aerobic soil bacteria of 0.01% by weight of the mixture is heated for about 2 hours while stirring and aeration while adjusting the water content to 50 to 60%. To a temperature of 70 to 75 ° C. to produce a semi-fermented product. Further, while maintaining the temperature of the semi-fermented product at 80 ° C. or lower, stirring and aeration are performed for about 2 hours to bring the aerobic soil bacteria group into a dormant state. The semi-fermented fertilizer using the aquatic plant according to claim 1, which is produced so as to have a moisture content of: