JPH10294104A - Method for manufacturing electrode of lithium secondary battery - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing electrode of lithium secondary batteryInfo
- Publication number
- JPH10294104A JPH10294104A JP9116148A JP11614897A JPH10294104A JP H10294104 A JPH10294104 A JP H10294104A JP 9116148 A JP9116148 A JP 9116148A JP 11614897 A JP11614897 A JP 11614897A JP H10294104 A JPH10294104 A JP H10294104A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- secondary battery
- lithium secondary
- lithium
- electrode material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】
【課題】 前処理によって電極に必要とされる不可逆容
量を無くし、高容量のリチウム二次電池を提供する。
【解決手段】 リチウム二次電池の電極材料をリチウム
化してから電極にするか、または電極体にしてからリチ
ウム化することによって、不可逆容量を無くした電極を
製造する。上記電極材料または電極体のリチウム化は、
リチウムを液体アンモニアに溶解した溶液またはn−ブ
チルリチウムを有機溶剤に溶解した溶液に電極材料また
は電極体を浸漬することによって行うのが好ましく、上
記リチウム化する電極材料としては、SiFe系合金、
SiNi系合金などのシリコン系合金、SiO、Sn
O、Lix SiO、SnMx Oy (M=Si、Ge、P
bまたはB、0<x≦2、0<y≦6)などの金属酸化
物、結晶質炭素、非晶質炭素などの炭素材料、MnO
2 、NiO2 、CoO2 などの遷移金属酸化物などが挙
げられる。(57) [Problem] To provide a high capacity lithium secondary battery by eliminating irreversible capacity required for an electrode by pretreatment. SOLUTION: An electrode having no irreversible capacity is manufactured by lithiating an electrode material of a lithium secondary battery and then forming an electrode, or by lithiating the electrode material. The lithiation of the electrode material or electrode body,
It is preferable to immerse the electrode material or the electrode body in a solution in which lithium is dissolved in liquid ammonia or a solution in which n-butyllithium is dissolved in an organic solvent, and the electrode material to be lithiated includes a SiFe-based alloy,
Silicon alloys such as SiNi alloys, SiO, Sn
O, Li x SiO, SnM x O y (M = Si, Ge, P
b or B, a metal oxide such as 0 <x ≦ 2, 0 <y ≦ 6), a carbon material such as crystalline carbon or amorphous carbon, MnO
2 , transition metal oxides such as NiO 2 and CoO 2 .
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、リチウム二次電池
の電極の製造方法に関し、さらに詳しくは、電極材料ま
たは電極体をリチウム化することによって不可逆容量を
無くしたリチウム二次電池の電極の製造方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electrode for a lithium secondary battery, and more particularly, to a method for manufacturing an electrode for a lithium secondary battery in which irreversible capacity is eliminated by lithifying an electrode material or an electrode body. About the method.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来のリチウム二次電池、とりわけリチ
ウムイオン二次電池においては、負極に結晶質炭素また
は非晶質炭素を用い、正極にLiCoO2 、LiNiO
2 、LiMnO2 などの遷移金属酸化物のリチウム塩を
用いてきた。そして、電池を放電状態で組み立て、充電
して正極中のリチウム(Li)を負極の炭素にインター
カレートさせることにより電池として機能する状態にし
ているが、リチウムをインターカレートした炭素は、リ
チウムの一部を不可逆性状態でトラップしてしまうた
め、不可逆なリチウム分のリチウム源として正極を過剰
に充填しておく必要があった。 2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional lithium secondary battery, especially a lithium ion secondary battery, crystalline carbon or amorphous carbon is used for a negative electrode, and LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 is used for a positive electrode.
2. Lithium salts of transition metal oxides such as LiMnO 2 have been used. Then, the battery is assembled in a discharged state, charged and intercalated with lithium (Li) in the positive electrode to carbon in the negative electrode so as to function as a battery. However, the carbon in which lithium is intercalated is lithium. Some of them are trapped in an irreversible state, so that the positive electrode needs to be excessively filled as a lithium source for irreversible lithium.
【0003】また、最近では、炭素を用いた場合よりも
さらに高容量の電池を得るため、SiFe系合金、Si
Ni系合金などのシリコン系合金系材料や、SiO、S
nOなどの金属酸化物系材料などを負極に用いることが
提案されているが、この場合も不可逆のリチウムが必要
であり、そのリチウム源として正極を過剰に充填する必
要があった。Recently, in order to obtain a battery having a higher capacity than that using carbon, a SiFe-based alloy, Si
Silicon-based alloy materials such as Ni-based alloys, SiO, S
It has been proposed to use a metal oxide-based material such as nO for the negative electrode. In this case, however, irreversible lithium was required, and the positive electrode had to be excessively filled as a lithium source.
【0004】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記のように、従来の
電池では、負極の不可逆容量を正極の過剰充填によって
充足していた。そのため、本来の電池設計で期待される
容量よりも少ない容量の電池しか得られなかった。As described above, in the conventional battery, the irreversible capacity of the negative electrode is satisfied by overfilling the positive electrode. Therefore, only a battery having a capacity smaller than expected in the original battery design was obtained.
【0005】本発明は、上記のような従来技術の問題点
を解決し、前処理によって電極に必要とされる不可逆容
量を無くし、高容量のリチウム二次電池を提供すること
を目的とする。An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and to provide a high capacity lithium secondary battery by eliminating the irreversible capacity required for an electrode by pretreatment.
【0006】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、リチウムが液
体アンモニアに溶解するという性質を利用して、リチウ
ムを液体アンモニアに溶解した溶液中に電極材料を浸漬
して、不可逆分のリチウムを前もって電極材料に反応さ
せるか、もしくはn−ブチルリチウムをヘキサンなどの
有機溶剤に溶解した溶液中に電極材料を浸漬して、不可
逆分のリチウムを前もって電極材料に反応させ、その不
可逆分のリチウムに相当する量のリチウムをリチウム化
した電極材料で電極を作製するか、または先に電極体を
作製しておいてから、その電極体を前記リチウムを液体
アンモニアに溶解した溶液やn−ブチルリチウムを有機
溶剤に溶解した溶液中に浸漬して、不可逆分のリチウム
に相当する量のリチウムをリチウム化することにより、
電極の不可逆容量を無くすることによって、上記課題を
解決した。According to the present invention, the electrode material is immersed in a solution of lithium in liquid ammonia by utilizing the property that lithium is dissolved in liquid ammonia, so that irreversible lithium is prepared in advance. Either react with the electrode material, or immerse the electrode material in a solution of n-butyllithium dissolved in an organic solvent such as hexane, react the irreversible lithium in advance with the electrode material, and correspond to the irreversible lithium. An electrode is manufactured using an electrode material obtained by lithiating an amount of lithium, or an electrode body is first manufactured, and then the electrode body is dissolved in a solution obtained by dissolving the lithium in liquid ammonia or n-butyllithium. By immersing in a solution dissolved in a solvent and lithiating an amount of lithium equivalent to irreversible lithium,
The above problem was solved by eliminating the irreversible capacity of the electrode.
【0007】電極をリチウム化する方法としては、電極
にリチウムを電気化学的に反応させる方法や、溶融した
リチウム中に電極または電極材料を浸漬する方法などが
あるが、リチウムの添加量の定量性や物性の安定性、取
扱上やコスト面などで問題があった。[0007] Lithium can be converted into an electrode by electrochemically reacting lithium with the electrode or by immersing the electrode or electrode material in molten lithium. And the stability of physical properties, handling and costs.
【0008】これに対して、液体アンモニアにリチウム
を溶解した場合には、不可逆容量に相当するリチウムを
電極材料または電極体に反応させた後は、温度上昇に伴
ってアンモニアが揮発し、不純物が残留せず、不可逆分
のリチウムを定量性よく電極に導入でき、しかも不純物
を含まないので、物性面での安定性も得られる。On the other hand, when lithium is dissolved in liquid ammonia, after lithium corresponding to the irreversible capacity is reacted with the electrode material or the electrode body, the ammonia volatilizes as the temperature rises, and impurities are removed. The irreversible lithium can be introduced into the electrode with high quantitativeness without remaining, and since it does not contain impurities, stability in physical properties can be obtained.
【0009】すなわち、リチウムは液体アンモニアに溶
解すると均一な溶液になり、その中に電極材料または電
極体を浸漬することにより、均一な反応が進行する。従
って、定量的なリチウム化が容易であり、しかも不純物
が残留せず、物性面での安定性が得られ、また、アンモ
ニアは回収でき廃棄物が出ない。That is, when lithium is dissolved in liquid ammonia, it becomes a uniform solution, and a uniform reaction proceeds by immersing the electrode material or electrode body in the solution. Therefore, quantitative lithiation is easy, no impurities remain, stability in physical properties is obtained, and ammonia can be recovered and no waste is generated.
【0010】また、同様に、n−ブチルリチウムをヘキ
サンなどの有機溶剤に溶解した溶液を用いた場合も、リ
チウムが電極材料または電極体と反応した後にブチル基
がオクタンなどになってガスとして除去できること、ヘ
キサンなどの有機溶剤も気化によって完全に除去できる
ので、不純物の混入が少なく取り扱いも容易で定量的な
リチウム化ができるという利点がある。Similarly, when a solution in which n-butyllithium is dissolved in an organic solvent such as hexane is used, the butyl group becomes octane or the like after the lithium reacts with the electrode material or electrode body, and is removed as a gas. There is an advantage that organic solvents such as hexane can be completely removed by vaporization, so that there is little contamination with impurities, easy handling, and quantitative lithium formation.
【0011】電極材料または電極体の処理は、上記溶液
に浸漬するのが最も適しているが、電極材料または電極
体に上記溶液を噴霧してもよい。The treatment of the electrode material or the electrode body is most suitably immersed in the above solution, but the electrode material or the electrode body may be sprayed with the above solution.
【0012】電極材料は電極において活物質となるもの
であり、その具体例としては、たとえば、SiFe系合
金、SiNi系合金などのシリコン系合金、SiO、S
nO、Lix SiO、SnMx Oy (M=Si、Ge、
PbまたはB、0<x≦2、0<y≦6)などの金属酸
化物、結晶質炭素、非晶質炭素などの炭素材料、MnO
2 、NiO2 、CoO2 などの遷移金属酸化物などの不
可逆容量を必要とするものが挙げられる。The electrode material serves as an active material in the electrode. Specific examples thereof include silicon alloys such as SiFe alloys and SiNi alloys, SiO, S
nO, Li x SiO, SnM x O y (M = Si, Ge,
Pb or B, metal oxides such as 0 <x ≦ 2, 0 <y ≦ 6), carbon materials such as crystalline carbon and amorphous carbon, MnO
2 , transition metal oxides such as NiO 2 and CoO 2, etc., which require irreversible capacity.
【0013】本発明は、電極材料または電極体をリチウ
ム化することによって、電池組立後の使用時に電極に必
要な不可逆分のリチウムを前もって電極に導入しておく
という点に関して従来と異なるが、リチウム化した電極
材料を電極にする工程は従来と同様に行うことができ
る。また、電極体(この電極体とは、不可逆分のリチウ
ムが導入されていないだけで、従来の電極に相当する)
を作製する工程は従来の電極作製と同様に行うことがで
きる。The present invention differs from the prior art in that the electrode material or the electrode body is lithiated so that the irreversible lithium required for the electrode is introduced into the electrode in advance when used after battery assembly. The step of converting the converted electrode material into an electrode can be performed in the same manner as in the related art. In addition, an electrode body (this electrode body is equivalent to a conventional electrode, except that irreversible lithium is not introduced)
Can be performed in the same manner as the conventional electrode.
【0014】本発明は、通常、負極の製造に適用される
が、正極の製造に適用してもよい。すなわち、従来は、
負極の不可逆分のリチウムを正極の過剰充填によって充
足しなければならなかったが、本発明では、その必要が
なくなったので、正極中のリチウム量を前もって適切に
調整でき、それによって、正極内の不可逆容量に相当す
る量を電極材料または電極体の状態で制御することがで
きるので、本発明を正極の製造にも適用することができ
る。The present invention is generally applied to the production of a negative electrode, but may be applied to the production of a positive electrode. That is, conventionally,
Although the irreversible lithium of the negative electrode had to be filled by overfilling the positive electrode, in the present invention, the necessity has been eliminated, so that the amount of lithium in the positive electrode can be appropriately adjusted in advance, whereby the Since the amount corresponding to the irreversible capacity can be controlled depending on the state of the electrode material or the electrode body, the present invention can be applied to the production of a positive electrode.
【0015】[0015]
【実施例】つぎに、実施例を挙げて本発明をより具体的
に説明する。ただし、本発明はそれらの実施例のみに限
定されるものではない。Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to only these examples.
【0016】実施例1 −40℃の液体アンモニア100重量部にリチウム1
1.3重量部を溶解した溶液に、SiFe合金粉末13
5重量部を添加して良く攪拌した。このリチウムの液体
アンモニア溶液への浸漬を1時間行った後、デカンテー
ションおよび真空乾燥によって溶液を除去し、リチウム
化したSiFe合金粉末を得た。EXAMPLE 1 Lithium 1 was added to 100 parts by weight of liquid ammonia at -40.degree.
A solution prepared by dissolving 1.3 parts by weight was mixed with SiFe alloy powder 13.
5 parts by weight were added and mixed well. After immersing this lithium in a liquid ammonia solution for 1 hour, the solution was removed by decantation and vacuum drying to obtain a lithiated SiFe alloy powder.
【0017】このリチウム化したSiFe合金粉末10
0重量部とポリフッ化ビニリデン3.5重量部(ただ
し、ポリフッ化ビニリデンはあらかじめN−メチルピロ
リドンに溶解させた濃度12重量%の溶液で使用、上記
使用量は固形分量である)とを混合してペーストを調製
し、そのペーストを銅箔に塗布し、乾燥した後、圧延し
て、負極を製造した。The lithiated SiFe alloy powder 10
0 parts by weight and 3.5 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride (provided that polyvinylidene fluoride is used as a solution having a concentration of 12% by weight previously dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone, and the amount used is a solid content). To prepare a negative electrode. The paste was applied to a copper foil, dried, and then rolled to produce a negative electrode.
【0018】正極にはLiCoO2 を活物質とする通常
の正極を用い、18650形リチウム二次電池(外径1
8mm、高さ65mmの円筒形リチウム二次電池)を作
製した。As the positive electrode, an ordinary positive electrode using LiCoO 2 as an active material was used, and a 18650 type lithium secondary battery (having an outer diameter of 1) was used.
8 mm and a 65 mm height cylindrical lithium secondary battery).
【0019】この電池を20℃、定電圧定電流(500
mAmax.4.1V)で充電を行い、その後140m
Aの定電流で放電して放電容量を測定したところ、不可
逆容量が無いことから、放電容量は2300mAhであ
った。The battery was heated at 20 ° C. and a constant voltage and a constant current (500
mAmax. 4.1V) and then charge 140m
When the discharge capacity was measured by discharging at a constant current of A, the discharge capacity was 2300 mAh because there was no irreversible capacity.
【0020】実施例2 実施例1と同様のリチウムの液体アンモニア溶液にアモ
ルファスSnOを実施例1と同様の条件で浸漬し、リチ
ウム化したSnOを得た。Example 2 Amorphous SnO was immersed in the same liquid ammonia solution of lithium as in Example 1 under the same conditions as in Example 1 to obtain lithiated SnO.
【0021】このリチウム化したSnOを負極材料とし
て用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、負極を製造し
た。A negative electrode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this lithiated SnO was used as a negative electrode material.
【0022】この負極を実施例1と同様のLiCoO2
を活物質とする正極と組み合わせて18650形のリチ
ウム二次電池を作製した。The negative electrode was made of the same LiCoO 2 as in Example 1.
18650 type lithium secondary battery was fabricated by combining with a positive electrode using as an active material.
【0023】この電池を実施例1と同様の条件で充放電
させ、放電時の放電容量を測定したところ、この電池も
不可逆容量が無いことから、放電容量は1920mAh
であった。This battery was charged and discharged under the same conditions as in Example 1 and the discharge capacity at the time of discharge was measured. Since this battery also had no irreversible capacity, the discharge capacity was 1920 mAh.
Met.
【0024】実施例3 実施例1と同様のリチウムの液体アンモニア溶液に結晶
質炭素を実施例1と同様の条件で浸漬し、リチウム化し
た結晶質炭素を得た。Example 3 Crystalline carbon was immersed in the same liquid ammonia solution of lithium as in Example 1 under the same conditions as in Example 1 to obtain lithiated crystalline carbon.
【0025】このリチウム化した結晶質炭素を負極材料
として用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、負極を製
造した。A negative electrode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this lithiated crystalline carbon was used as a negative electrode material.
【0026】この負極を実施例1と同様のLiCoO2
を活物質とする正極と組み合わせて18650形のリチ
ウム二次電池を作製した。The negative electrode was made of the same LiCoO 2 as in Example 1.
18650 type lithium secondary battery was fabricated by combining with a positive electrode using as an active material.
【0027】この電池を実施例1と同様の条件で充放電
させ、放電時の放電容量を測定したところ、この電池も
不可逆容量が生じないことから、放電容量は1680m
Ahであった。This battery was charged and discharged under the same conditions as in Example 1, and the discharge capacity at the time of discharge was measured. Since the battery also had no irreversible capacity, the discharge capacity was 1680 m.
Ah.
【0028】比較例1 結晶質炭素を実施例3のようなリチウム化することなく
用いて負極を製造し、それ以外は実施例3と同様にし
て、18650形のリチウム二次電池を作製した。Comparative Example 1 A negative electrode was produced using crystalline carbon without lithiation as in Example 3, and a lithium secondary battery of type 18650 was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except for that.
【0029】この電池を実施例1と同様の条件で充放電
させ、放電時の放電容量を測定したところ、不可逆容量
が330mAhあったために、放電容量は1350mA
hにしかならなかった。This battery was charged and discharged under the same conditions as in Example 1, and the discharge capacity at the time of discharge was measured. The irreversible capacity was 330 mAh, and the discharge capacity was 1350 mA.
h.
【0030】[0030]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明では、電極
に前もって不可逆分に相当するリチウムを導入し、不可
逆容量を無くしたことにより、不可逆容量を考慮しない
で電池設計ができるようになり、従来に比べて高容量の
リチウム二次電池を提供することができた。As described above, according to the present invention, lithium corresponding to the irreversible component is introduced into the electrode in advance to eliminate the irreversible capacity, so that the battery can be designed without considering the irreversible capacity. It was possible to provide a lithium secondary battery having a higher capacity than before.
【0031】また、そのリチウム化も、残量物や廃棄物
が出ないことから、定量性、物性上の安定性も得られ、
しかも取扱いが容易で低コスト化を達成することができ
る。In addition, since the lithiation does not produce any residue or waste, it is possible to obtain quantitative properties and physical stability.
Moreover, the handling is easy and the cost can be reduced.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.6 識別記号 FI H01M 4/58 H01M 4/58 10/40 10/40 Z ──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 6 Identification symbol FI H01M 4/58 H01M 4/58 10/40 10/40 Z
Claims (7)
化してから電極にするか、または電極体にしてからリチ
ウム化することによって、不可逆容量を無くしたことを
特徴とするリチウム二次電池の電極の製造方法。1. An electrode for a lithium secondary battery characterized in that irreversible capacity is eliminated by lithiating the electrode material of the lithium secondary battery before converting it to an electrode, or by converting the electrode material to lithiation. Manufacturing method.
体をリチウム化する工程において、リチウムを液体アン
モニアに溶解した溶液を用いることを特徴とする請求項
1記載のリチウム二次電池の電極の製造方法。2. The method for producing an electrode of a lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step of lithifying the electrode material or the electrode body of the lithium secondary battery, a solution in which lithium is dissolved in liquid ammonia is used. Method.
体をリチウム化する工程において、n−ブチルリチウム
を有機溶剤に溶解した溶液を用いることを特徴とする請
求項1記載のリチウム二次電池の電極の製造方法。3. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step of lithifying the electrode material or the electrode body of the lithium secondary battery, a solution in which n-butyllithium is dissolved in an organic solvent is used. Manufacturing method of electrode.
系合金などのシリコン系合金であることを特徴とする請
求項1、2または3記載のリチウム二次電池の電極の製
造方法。4. The electrode material is a SiFe alloy, SiNi
4. The method for producing an electrode of a lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the electrode is a silicon-based alloy such as a system-based alloy.
iO、SnMx Oy(M=Si、Ge、PbまたはB、
0<x≦2、0<y≦6)などの金属酸化物であること
を特徴とする請求項1、2または3記載のリチウム二次
電池の電極の製造方法。5. An electrode material comprising SiO, SnO, Li x S
iO, SnM x O y (M = Si, Ge, Pb or B,
4. The method for producing an electrode of a lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the metal oxide is a metal oxide such as 0 <x ≦ 2, 0 <y ≦ 6).
素であることを特徴とする請求項1、2または3記載の
リチウム二次電池の電極の製造方法。6. The method for producing an electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the electrode material is crystalline carbon or amorphous carbon.
O2 などの遷移金属酸化物であることを特徴とする請求
項1、2または3記載のリチウム二次電池の電極の製造
方法。7. An electrode material comprising MnO 2 , NiO 2 , Co
4. The method for producing an electrode of a lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the electrode is a transition metal oxide such as O 2 .
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| JP11614897A JP3608904B2 (en) | 1997-04-17 | 1997-04-17 | Method for manufacturing electrode of lithium secondary battery |
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP11614897A JP3608904B2 (en) | 1997-04-17 | 1997-04-17 | Method for manufacturing electrode of lithium secondary battery |
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|---|---|
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| JP3608904B2 JP3608904B2 (en) | 2005-01-12 |
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ID=14679950
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