JPH10233019A - Optical disk, optical disk manufacturing device, optical disk reproducing device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [PROBLEMS] To prevent illegal use and illegal copying of contents of an optical disc and operation of a pirate disc of the optical disc. SOLUTION: An illegal use, an illegal copy and a pirate board are performed by partially removing the reflective film by laser trimming on a reflective film 802 of an optical disc 800 in which a main signal is recorded in pits and recording modulated data individually. By recording identification data such as prevention information, illegal use, illegal copying, operation stoppage of pirated software, and detection are possible.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a marking generating apparatus, a laser marking forming method for an optical disk, a reproducing apparatus, and the like, which can be used for copyright protection, for example, preventing duplication of an optical disk, illegal use of software, and illegal copying. The present invention relates to an optical disk and an optical disk manufacturing method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, with the spread of ROM type optical disks, illegal use of software, illegal copying and piracy have increased,
Violates the rights of the copyright owner.

[0003] This is due to the fact that ID numbers cannot be individually assigned to ROM disks, the manufacturing apparatus for ROM disks has become readily available, and the operation has been simplified.

In the current CD standard, there is only a function of reading logical data of a CD, and no function of detecting physical characteristics of a disk. Therefore, a pirated CD can be created only by copying logical data by bit copying. In addition, no countermeasures have been taken because it is difficult to detect mechanically and artificially even when copied to another disk.

As a countermeasure, an ID number is put on the master,
Methods for preventing piracy are known in the prior art.

[0006] By adding a physical mark to the master, it is possible to insert an ID number or to prevent the manufacture of a pirated version of a disc conforming to this standard. As one conventional example, a piracy prevention system as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-325-193 is known. In this method, at the time of cutting, a recording beam is scanned in the tracking direction when recording a specific area intentionally, and wobbling is formed on a master. When reproducing the disc, a wobbling detection circuit is provided on the reproduction player side to check whether or not the wobbling is in a specific area. If the wobbling of a specific wobbling frequency is in a specific area, the disc is determined to be a legitimate disc. It is also known to record an ID number by wobbling.

However, since the arrangement information of the physical marks can be obtained by observing a legitimate disk, there is a problem that a pirated version is manufactured when a pirated vendor obtains this special master disk manufacturing apparatus. In this specification, a piracy prevention method and an ID for providing a physical mark on the master
The creation method is called a master level method.

[0008]

As described above, it can be understood that the conventional piracy prevention technology has several problems. The following summarizes these issues.

As a first problem, the physical marks of the conventional piracy prevention method or ID creation method at the master level can be replicated by a replica, and therefore have a low effect of prevention.

The second problem is that in the conventional method of creating a physical mark based on the design data of the physical mark, a manufacturing apparatus having the same accuracy as that of a regular disk maker is obtained.
Pirates can be easily manufactured.

As a third problem, in the master mark method, all disks formed on one master disk are the same disk I.
It has D. That is, all the disks pressed from the same master with one password operate. For this reason, password security cannot be maintained unless a floppy or communication line is used together.

[0012]

The present invention provides means for solving the above-mentioned three problems of the conventional copyright protection system.

[0013] First, as an alternative to the first problem, there is provided a piracy prevention method using a physical mark at a reflective film level in which a physical mark is provided in a pre-pit area of a reflective film of a disk as an alternative to the physical mark at the original master level. This prevents piracy even if it is duplicated at the master level. The configuration is simple because it can be reproduced by the optical head.

For the second problem, a two-sheet bonded ROM
A new ROM recording means for secondary recording on a disk with a laser is used. First, in a first step, a physical mark is randomly created, and then, in a second step, the physical mark is measured with a high measurement accuracy of 0.13 μm width. In the third step, the position information is encrypted, and the RO is
A bar code is recorded on the M disk with several tens of μm, that is, normal processing accuracy. In this way, optical mark position information of much higher processing accuracy than a normal apparatus, for example, 0.1 μm can be obtained. Since a commercially available processing light mark cannot be processed with this 0.1 μm accuracy, the production of pirated copies is prevented.

For the problem 3, different data is marked for each disk according to the present invention and used as a disk identifier. In particular, it is also possible to combine a serial number, that is, a disk ID, and assign a disk ID that cannot be falsified by digital signature encryption to each disk. Since the ID is different for each completed disc, the password is also different. Therefore, the password does not operate on other disks, and the password security is improved.

Further, by the secondary recording of the present invention, the disk can be permanently operated by secondary recording the password on the disk.

A concrete method for solving the above three problems will be disclosed below using an embodiment.

[0018]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The configuration and operation of an optical disk, an optical disk manufacturing apparatus, and an optical disk reproducing apparatus according to the present invention will be described below using embodiments.

In this specification, laser trimming is performed by laser marking or BCA (Burst).
The optical marking non-reflection portion is also simply referred to as BCA or stripe or marking, or optical marking, a physical ID unique to a disc, or the like. A signal recorded by BCA is called a BCA signal, and data recorded in the BCA is called BCA data. Phase encoding modulation, which is a feature of the present invention, is abbreviated as PE modulation, and in some block diagrams, a PE modulation unit block is omitted.

In this embodiment, first, in the first half (1), a disc is created, a marking is created using a laser, the position information of the marking is read, and the position information and the like are encrypted. A description will be given of writing to an optical disk by converting the optical disk and a reproducing operation of the optical disk on the player side. It should be noted that the encryption point and the reproduction operation will be briefly described.

Next, in the latter half (2), a recording method of a stripe formed by marking, which has been briefly described, will be described in detail.

(1) FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a large overall flow from the disk making process to the completion of the optical disk.

First, a software company performs software authoring in software production 820. The completed software is passed from the software company to a disc manufacturing factory. And
In the disk manufacturing process 816 of the disk manufacturing factory, the software completed in step 818a is input to create a master (step 818b), mold the disks (step 818e, step 818g), and create a reflective film on each disk. (Step 818f, Step 818)
h), the two disks are bonded together (step 818i) to complete a ROM disk such as a DVD or CD (step 818m, etc.).

The disk 800 thus completed
Is passed to a software maker or a factory under the control of the software maker. In a secondary recording step 817, after marking 584 for preventing piracy as shown in FIG. 2 is performed (step 819a), the measuring means The correct position information of this mark is read (step 819b),
The position information as the disk physical characteristic information is obtained. In step 819C, the disk physical characteristic information is encrypted.
In step 819d, a signal obtained by PWM-modulating this code is recorded on a disk as a barcode signal by a laser. In step 819C, information obtained by combining the software characteristic information and the disk physical characteristic information may be encrypted.

Further, each of the above steps will be described in detail. That is, a detailed description will be given of the steps of making a disc of an optical disc, a marking making step, a marking position reading step, and an encryption writing step according to the present invention with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, a supplementary explanation will be added for the case where there are two reflective layers. Further, the marking creation step, the marking position reading step, and the writing step are collectively referred to as a secondary recording step.

(A) First, the disc making process will be described. In a disk making step 806 shown in FIG. 4, a transparent substrate 801 is formed in step (1). In step (2), a metal such as aluminum or gold is sputtered to form a reflective layer 802.
To form An adhesive layer 804 of an ultraviolet curable resin is applied to the substrate 803 formed in another process by spin coating, and is bonded to the transparent substrate 801 having the reflective layer 802, and then is rotated at a high speed to make the bonding interval uniform. It is cured by irradiating ultraviolet rays from the outside, and the two sheets are firmly adhered. In step (4), the print layer 805 on which the CD or DVD title is printed is printed by screen printing or offset printing. Thus, in the step (4), the normal bonding type light R
The OM disk is completed.

(B) Next, referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, a description will be given of a marking creation step. In FIG. 4, YaG
Focusing lens 814 using pulse laser 813 such as
By focusing the laser light in the vicinity of the reflective layer 802, as shown in step (6) of FIG.
To form That is, a remarkable waveform is reproduced from the non-reflective portion 815 formed in the step (6) in FIG. 5 as shown in the waveform (a) in the step (7). By slicing this waveform, a marking detection signal as shown in waveform (b) is obtained, and an address as shown in signal (d), an address as shown in signal (e), a frame synchronization signal number,
The position information of the hierarchical mark of the number of reproduction clocks can be measured.

Here, as described above, FIGS.
, A supplementary explanation will be added for another type of disc (double-layered bonded disc).

That is, FIGS. 4 and 5 show the case of a so-called single-layer bonded disc in which the reflective layer is formed only on one side of the substrate 801. FIG. In contrast, FIGS.
Shows the case of a so-called two-layer type laminated disc in which the reflection layer is formed on both the substrates 801 and 803. Both are basically processed in the same steps (5) and (6) when performing laser trimming, but the main differences will be briefly described. First, in the case of the single-layer type, the reflection layer is an aluminum film having a high reflectance of 70% or more, whereas in the case of the two-layer type, the reflection layer 801 formed on the substrate 801 on the reading side is used. Is a semi-transmissive gold (au) film having a reflectivity of 30%, and the reflective layer 802 formed on the substrate 803 on the print layer side is the same as that of the single-layer type. Next, in the case of the two-layer type, the adhesive layer 804 is optically transparent, has a uniform thickness, does not lose optical transparency by laser trimming, and the like as compared with the single-layer type. Optical precision is required. FIG.
(7), (8) and (9) show waveforms of the first layer of a disc having two recording layers. The waveform of the second layer itself does not change much just because the signal level is lower than the waveform of the first layer. However, since the first layer and the second layer are stuck together, the relative positional accuracy between them is random and can be controlled only with an accuracy of several hundred microns. As will be described later, since the laser beam penetrates the two reflective films, in order to create a pirated disk, for example, the position information of the first layer and the position information of the second layer of the first mark are compared with a regular disk. Must match the same value. However, in order to match, a lamination accuracy close to submicron is required, so that it is practically impossible to manufacture a pirated disc of the two-layer system.

Here, with respect to the technology for forming the optical marking non-reflective portion, the followings (a) to (d) will be described in more detail with respect to the lamination type and the single plate type.
It will be described with reference to the like. 8 (a) and 8 (b) are photomicrographs of the optical marking non-reflective portion when viewed from above, and FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional schematic view of the non-reflective portion of the two-layer laminated disc. is there.

(A) A disk having a thickness of 0.6 mm was bonded using a 5 μj / pulse YaG laser.
5 at a depth of 0.6 mm on a 2 mm thick ROM disk
When the laser was irradiated to the aluminum layer of 00 angstrom, a slit-shaped non-reflective portion 815 having a width of 12 μm was formed as shown in a 750-fold micrograph of FIG. 8A. In this case, the non-reflective portion 8
In No. 15, no residual aluminum residue was confirmed.
At the boundary between the non-reflective portion 815 and the reflective portion, a thickly raised aluminum layer having a thickness of 2000 Å and a width of 2 μm was observed. As shown in FIG. 10A, it was confirmed that no major damage occurred inside. In this case, it is considered that a phenomenon occurs in which the aluminum reflective layer is melted by the irradiation of the pulse laser, and is accumulated at the boundaries on both sides due to surface tension. We call this the HMST recording method (Hot Melt Surface Te
ntion Recording Method). This phenomenon is a characteristic phenomenon observed only in the bonded disc 800. Further, FIG. 11 shows a cross section of the non-reflection portion by the laser trimming, which was observed with a transmission electron microscope (TE
(M) shows a schematic diagram based on the results of observation. still,
According to the drawing, the width direction region of the aluminum film thickness increasing portion is 1.
Assuming that the thickness is 3 μm and the thickness is 0.20 μm, the amount of increased aluminum at that portion is 1.3 × (0.20−0.05) =
0.195 μm 2. Laser irradiation area (10μ
The amount of aluminum in half the area (5 μm) of
× 0.05 = 0.250 μm 2. Therefore, when calculating their difference, 0.250-0.195 = 0.05
5 μm 2. Converting this to length gives 0.05
5 / 0.05 = 1.1 μm. This means that an aluminum layer having a thickness of 0.05 μm is left for a length of 1.1 μm, and virtually all of the aluminum in the laser-irradiated portion is considered to have been drawn to the film thickness increasing portion. Good. As described above, it can be understood from the results of the analysis shown in the figure that the description of the characteristic phenomena is correct.

(B) Next, a case of a single-plate optical disk (optical disk constituted by one transparent substrate disk) will be described. 0.05μm of molded disk on one side
FIG. 8B shows an experimental result when a laser pulse having the same power is applied to a thick aluminum reflective film. As shown in the figure, aluminum residue remains and this aluminum residue becomes reproduction noise, so it is suitable for secondary recording of information on optical discs that require high density and few errors. You can see that it is not. Also, unlike bonding, FIG.
As shown in (b), in the case of a single-plate disc, when the non-reflective portion is laser-trimmed, the protective layer 862 always breaks. The degree of damage varies depending on the laser power,
Even if the laser power is precisely controlled, damage cannot be avoided. Furthermore, in our experiments, several hundred μm
The printed layer 805 screen-printed at a thickness of was damaged when the heat absorption was high. In the case of a single plate, it is necessary to apply the protective layer again or to perform laser cutting before applying the protective layer in order to deal with breakage of the protective layer. In any case, the problem that the laser cutting process is limited to the pressing process in the single plate method is expected. Therefore, in the case of a single disk, although its effectiveness is high, its use is limited.

(C) The comparison between a single-plate disk and a bonded disk has been described above using a two-layer bonded disk. As can be understood from the above description, the same effect as in the case of the double-layer type can be obtained even in the case of the single-layer type disc. Therefore, here, FIG.
The case of the single-layer type will be further described using (b) and the like. As shown in FIG. 12A, one of the reflective layers 802
The transparent substrate 801 is made of a polycarbonate, and the other is in a sealed state filled with the cured adhesive layer 804 and the substrate. In this state, when the pulse laser is focused and heated, heat of 5 μJ / pulse is applied to the reflective layer 802 in a short time of 70 ns in this experiment to a circular spot having a diameter of 10 to 20 μm. Therefore, instantaneous melting point of 60
It reaches 0 ° C. and becomes molten. Only a part of the adjacent transparent substrate 801 is melted by heat conduction, and a part of the adhesive layer 804 is also melted. As shown in FIG. 12B, the aluminum melted in this state is tensioned on both sides by the surface tension, so that the melted aluminum gathers at the boundary portions 821a and 821b, forms concentrated portions 822a and 822b, and solidifies again. In this way, a non-reflective portion 584 without residual aluminum is formed. Therefore, by forming a bonded disk as shown in FIG. 10A, a clear non-reflective portion 584 is obtained when laser trimming is performed. Exposure of the reflective layer to the external environment due to the destruction of the protective film, which occurs in the case of a single plate, was not observed even when the laser power was increased 10 times or more from the optimum value. After the laser trimming, as shown in FIG. 12B, the non-reflective portion 584 has a sandwich structure by two transparent substrates 801 and is shielded from the external environment by the adhesive layer 804 on both sides, so that the influence of the environment is reduced. It has the effect of being protected from.

(D) Another advantage of laminating two disks will be described. In the case of secondary recording using a bar code, as shown in FIG. 10B, an unauthorized person can expose the aluminum layer by removing the protective layer on the single-plate disk. For this reason, there is a possibility that the unencrypted data portion may be falsified by depositing an aluminum layer again on the barcode portion of the regular disk and laser trimming another barcode again. For example, if the ID number is recorded in plain text or separated from the main encryption, there is a possibility that the veneer is falsified and the software is illegally used with another password. However, FIG.
When the secondary recording is performed on the bonded disc as in (a), it is difficult to peel the bonded disc into two pieces. In addition to this, the aluminum reflective film is partially destroyed when peeling. If the anti-piracy marking is destroyed, it will be identified as a pirated disk and will not operate. Therefore, in the case of a bonded disc, the yield in the case of unauthorized tampering is reduced, and the tampering is economically suppressed. In particular, in the case of a two-layer type bonded disc, since the polycarbonate material has an expansion coefficient of temperature and humidity, the one-layer and two-layer pirated prevention markings of the two disks that have been peeled off are bonded with an accuracy of several μm. It is almost impossible to mass produce. Therefore, in the case of two layers, the prevention effect is further enhanced. Thus, it was found that a clear slit of the non-reflective portion 584 can be obtained by laser trimming the bonded disc 800.

In the above description (a) to (d), the technique of forming the optical marking non-reflective portion has been described.

(C) Next, a process of reading the created marking position will be described. FIG. 15 is a block diagram mainly showing a low-reflection-light-amount detecting unit 586 for detecting an optical marking non-reflection portion in the process of manufacturing an optical disc. FIG. 16 is a principle diagram of detecting the address / clock position of the low reflection portion. In the following description, for convenience, 1
The principle of operation when a non-reflective portion on an optical disk composed of two disks is to be read will be described.
This principle of operation is of course also applicable to an optical disk in which two disks are bonded.

As shown in FIG. 15, when the disc 800 is mounted on a marking reading device having a low-reflection-portion position detection unit 600 and the marking is read, the presence of the signal waveform 823 and the non-reflection portion 584 depending on the presence or absence of pits is detected. Since the signal waveforms 824 of FIG. 9 have greatly different signal levels, they can be clearly distinguished as shown in the waveform diagram of FIG.

The start position and end position of the non-reflection section 564 having this waveform can be easily detected by the low reflection light quantity detection section 586 in the block diagram of FIG. Then, by using the reproduced clock signal as a reference signal, position information can be obtained in the low reflection unit position information output unit 596.

As shown in FIG.
86 is a second slice level 588 in the light reference value setting unit 588.
The optical reproduction signal is sliced by the value of the second slice level of a to obtain a binarized output. That is, by detecting an analog optical reproduction signal having a signal level lower than the second slice level, the low reflected light amount portion of the BCA is detected. During the detection period, a low reflection portion detection signal having a waveform as shown in FIG. The address and clock position of the start position and end position of this signal are measured.

The optical reproduction signal is subjected to waveform shaping by a waveform shaping circuit 590 having an AGC 590a to become a digital signal. The clock reproducing unit 38a uses the waveform shaping signal to
Regenerate the clock signal. The EFM demodulator 592 of the demodulation unit 591 demodulates the signal, ECC corrects the error, and outputs a digital signal. In the physical address output unit 593, the address of the MSF is output from the address output unit 594 from the Q bit of the subcode of the CD, and a synchronization signal such as a claim synchronization signal is output from the synchronization signal output unit 595. A demodulated clock is output from the clock reproducing unit 38a.

In the low reflection section address / clock signal position signal output section 596, an (n-1) address output section 597 is provided.
The start point and the end point of the low-reflection section 584 are accurately measured by the low-reflection-section start / end position detection section 599 using the address signal, the clock counter 598, and the synchronous clock signal or the demodulated clock. This method will be specifically described with reference to the waveform diagram of FIG. As shown in the cross-sectional view of the optical disc in FIG.
84 are partially provided. A reflected signal as shown in FIG. 16 (2), that is, an envelope signal as shown in FIG. 16 (3) is output, and becomes lower than the light amount reference value 588 in the reflecting section. This is detected by the light amount level comparator 587,
A low-reflection-light-amount detection signal as shown in FIG. Also, as shown in the reproduced digital signal of FIG. 16D, no digital signal is output because the mark area has no reflective layer.

Next, in order to determine the start and end positions of the low reflected light amount detection signal, the address information and the position shown in FIG.
The demodulated clock or synchronous clock of the above is used. First,
The reference clock 605 at the address n in FIG. 16 (7) is measured. When the address immediately before the address n is detected in advance by the (n-1) address output unit 597, the next SynC
It can be seen that 604 is the SynC of the address n. The clock counter 598 counts the number of clocks up to the start point of the SynC 604 and the low reflection light amount detection signal, that is, the reference clock 605. This number of clocks is defined as a reference delay time TD, and the reference delay time TD measuring unit 608 measures and stores the clock.

Since the delay time of the circuit differs depending on the reproducing apparatus for reading, the reference delay time TD differs depending on the reproducing apparatus for reading. Therefore, by using the TD to perform time correction by the time delay correction unit 607, there is an effect that the number of start clocks of the low reflection unit can be accurately measured even in a reading and reproducing apparatus having a different design. Next, FIG.
As shown in (8), the optical mark No. of the next track is displayed. When the number of start and end address clocks for 1 is obtained, a clock m + 14 at address n + 12 is obtained. TD = m +
Since it is 2, the number of clocks is corrected to 12, but n + 14 is used in the description. With this reading playback device,
Another method for eliminating the influence of the variable delay time without obtaining the reference delay time TD will be described. According to this method, it is possible to determine whether the disc is a regular disc by checking whether the relative positional relationship between the mark 1 at the address n and the other mark 2 in FIG. That is,
Ignoring TD as a variable, measured position a1 of mark 1
= A1 + TD and the position a2 = a2 + TD of the mark 2 result in a1-a2 = a1-a2. At the same time, the position a1 of the mark 1 and the position information a2 of the mark 2 that have been decrypted.
By checking whether or not the disc matches the difference a1-a2, it can be checked whether or not the disc is a regular disc. According to this method, there is an effect that the position can be collated after correcting the variation of the reference delay time TD with a simpler configuration.

(D) Next, the encryption writing process will be described. The position information read in (C) is encrypted (digitally signed) as described in detail in (2) later, and written on an optical disk by a method such as a barcode. FIG. 3 shows this state. That is, the reflection layer is trimmed by the pulse laser in FIG. 3A, and a barcode-like trimming pattern as shown in FIG. 3B is formed. Playback device side (player side)
As shown in FIG. 3 (3), an envelope waveform in which the waveform is partially missing is obtained. Since the missing portion generates a low-level signal which is not generated by a signal due to a normal pit, when this is sliced by the second slice level comparator, a detection signal of the low reflection portion as shown in FIG. In FIG. 5 (5), the signal including the encryption or the disc ID is demodulated from the low reflection portion detection signal by PWM or a PE-RZ demodulation portion 621 described later.

The various steps on the optical disk producing side have been described above. Next, a reproducing apparatus (player) for reproducing the completed optical disk on the player side will be described together with its configuration and operation with reference to FIG.

In the figure, first, an optical disk 9102
Will be described. A marking 9103 is provided on a reflective film (not shown) formed on the optical disc 9102. The position of the marking 9103 is detected by the position detecting means at the stage of manufacturing the optical disk, and the detected position is encrypted on the optical disk as the position information of the marking and written with the barcode 9104.

The position information reading means 9101 reads the bar code 9104 and incorporates therein the decoding means 9101.
At 105, the contents of the barcode are decoded and output. The marking reading means 9106 reads and outputs the actual position of the marking 9103. The comparing and judging means 9107 compares the result of decoding by the decoding means 9105 incorporated in the position information reading means 9101 with the result of reading by the marking reading means 9106, and determines whether or not the two agree within a predetermined allowable range. judge. If they match, a reproduction signal 9108 for reproducing the optical disk is output.
A reproduction stop signal 9109 is output. The control means (not shown) controls the reproduction operation of the optical disk according to these signals, and when a reproduction stop signal is issued, a display unit (not shown) indicating that the optical disk is an illegally duplicated optical disk.
To stop the reproduction operation. Here, the marking reading unit 9106 may use the decoding result of the decoding unit 9105 when reading the actual position of the marking 9103.

According to such a reproducing apparatus, it is possible to detect an illegally duplicated optical disk and stop the reproduction, thereby preventing illegal illegal duplication.

Here, the explanation of the reproduction from the manufacturing of the optical disk to the player side is finished, and the incidental matters related to the contents thereof will be explained.

(A) A low-reflection-portion address table, which is a low-reflection-portion position information list, will be described.

(A) That is, a laser marking is randomly formed in a factory in advance in a piracy prevention mark forming step. In this way, the laser marking formed cannot be of the same shape. In the next step, the low reflection portion 584 is set for each disc as described above for the DVD.
In the case of, measurement was performed with a resolution of 0.13 μm, and FIG.
A low reflection part address table 609 as shown in FIG. Here, FIG. 13A is a diagram showing a low-reflection portion address table of a regular CD created according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 13B is a diagram in which the CD is illegally copied. FIG. This low-reflection-portion address table 609 is encrypted by a one-way function as shown in FIG. 18, and as shown in FIG. 584e is recorded in the second reflection layer forming step. Alternatively, as shown in FIG.
The information may be recorded in the magnetic recording unit 67 of the D-ROM. FIG.
FIG. 14 is a flowchart of disc verification using a one-way function used for encryption, and FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a disc creation apparatus and a dedicated recording / reproducing apparatus. As shown in FIG. 13, the low reflection part address tables 609 and 609x are significantly different between a regular CD and a CD illegally copied. One of the factors is that, as mentioned above, laser marking is
This is because the same shape cannot be made. Further, the fact that the addresses of sectors allocated in advance on the disk differ between the master disks of the disk is also a second factor that greatly differs between the two.

That is, with reference to FIG. 13, a description will be given of the difference in the position information obtained between the regular disc and the pirated disc with respect to the marking. FIG. 6 shows a case where the first and second factors overlap. Also, two markings are formed on the disk. That is, in the case of a regular CD with respect to the marking of the mark number 1, as shown in the address table 609, the first mark is located at the position of the 262nd clock from the start point in the sector of the logical address a1. is there. One clock is for DVD
Since it is 0.13 μm, it is measured with this accuracy.
Next, in the case of the pirated CD, as shown in the address table 609x, it is located at the position of the 81st clock in the sector at the address a2. Thus, since the position of the first mark is different between the legitimate disk and the pirated disk, the pirated disk can be found. Similarly, the position of the second mark is different. In order to match the position information with that of the legitimate disk, the pirated disk does not operate unless the reflective film at the 262nd position of the sector at the address a1 is processed with a precision of one clock unit, that is, 0.13 μm.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 14, the reproducing apparatus decrypts the encrypted table to create a regular table, and compares the regular table with the collation program 535 to discriminate the regular disk from the illegally duplicated disk. And the operation of the duplicate disk can be stopped. In the example of FIG. 16, as shown in FIG. 17, the values of the low reflection part address tables 609 and 609x are different between the regular disk and the illegally copied disk. As shown in FIG. 16 (8), the start and end are m + 14 and m + 267 on the track following mark 1 on the regular disk.
However, in a disk illegally duplicated as shown in FIG. 16 (9), m + 21 and m + 277 are different. Thus, as shown in FIG. 17, the low reflection section address tables 609 and 609x
Are different and the duplicate disk can be determined. When an illegal duplicator duplicates the disk having the low reflection section address table 609, they need to perform laser trimming accurately with the resolution of the reproduced clock signal as shown in FIG. In the case of a DVD disk, as shown in FIG. 20 (5), when the period T of the reproduction clock pulse is converted to a distance on the disk, it becomes 0.13 μm. Therefore, for illegal duplication, it is required to remove the reflective film at a submicron resolution of 0.1 μm. Certainly, when an optical head for an optical disk is used, recording can be performed on a recording film such as a CD-R with submicron accuracy. However, this reproduced waveform is shown in FIG.
FIG. 9C shows a unique waveform 82 as shown in FIG.
4 cannot be obtained unless the reflective film is removed.

(B) Accordingly, laser trimming using a high-output laser such as YaG can be considered as the first method of mass-producing pirated copies from which the reflective film is removed. At present, the machining accuracy of the laser trimming for machining, which has the highest accuracy, is only a few μm. It is said that 1 μm is the limit of the processing accuracy also in laser trimming for mask correction of semiconductors. That is, it is difficult to achieve a processing accuracy of 0.1 μm on a mass production level by laser trimming.

(C) As a second method, an X-ray exposure apparatus or an ion beam processing apparatus for processing a semiconductor mask of an VLSI is currently known to achieve a processing accuracy of submicron. In addition, since the processing time for one disk is required for a very expensive device, the cost of one disk is high when processing is performed for each disk. Therefore, at present, the cost exceeds the selling price of most regular discs, making it unprofitable and meaningless to make pirated discs.

(D) As described above, in the first method, laser trimming, it is difficult to perform submicron processing.
Mass production of pirated disks is difficult. Further, in the second method, a submicron processing technique such as X-ray exposure, the cost per disc is too high, and the production of a pirated disc is meaningless from an economical point of view. Until the low-cost submicron mass-production processing technology is put into practical use, pirated copies are prevented. The piracy is prevented because such technology will not be put into practical use in the distant future. When a low reflection portion is provided in each layer of a two-layer disc, FIG.
Unless the upper and lower pits are aligned and bonded together as shown in Fig. 7, a pirated disk cannot be duplicated, thus further improving the prevention effect.

(B) Next, a description will be given of a matter for specifying the arrangement angle of the low reflection portion on the disk in a predetermined manner.

In the present invention, a sufficient anti-piracy effect can be obtained only by the reflection layer level, that is, the marking of the low reflection portion. In this case, even if the master is a duplicate product, there is an effect of prevention. But,
Combined with the master-level piracy prevention technology, the prevention effect can be further enhanced. When the arrangement angle of the low reflection portion on the disk is specified as shown in Table 532a and Table 609 in FIG. 13A, the pirate trader needs to accurately duplicate up to the arrangement angle of each pit of the master. The cost of the pirated version is higher, so the suppression effect is higher.

(C) Next, the points of the present invention will be summarized here. In the present invention, a legitimate trader can produce a legitimate disc by processing with a general-purpose laser trimming device having a processing accuracy of several tens of μm. The measurement accuracy is required to be 0.13 μm, which can be measured by a general circuit of a consumer DVD player. By encrypting this measurement result with a cryptographic secret key, a regular disk can be produced. In other words, a legitimate trader only requires a secret key and a measuring instrument with a measurement accuracy of 0.13 μm, and the required processing accuracy is several tens μm, which is two to three orders of magnitude worse. Therefore, a general laser processing device may be used. On the other hand, the pirate trader has no secret key, so he has to copy the encryption of the legitimate disk as it is. It is necessary to process a physical mark corresponding to the position information of the encryption, that is, the position information of the legitimate disk with a processing accuracy of 013 μm.
In other words, it is necessary to create a low reflection portion mark with a processing machine having a processing precision two orders of magnitude higher than a processing machine of a regular trader. Mass production with this two-digit higher processing accuracy, that is, 0.1 μm accuracy, is difficult from a technical and economic point of view in the near future. For this reason, pirated discs are prevented while the DVD standard continues. That is, one point of the present invention is that the fact that the measured weight is generally several orders of magnitude higher than the processing accuracy is used.

The foregoing utilizes the fact that the coordinate arrangement of the addresses of the master is different in the case of CLV as described above. FIG. 19 shows the result of measurement for the actual CD address position. In general, a master disc is recorded by rotating a motor at a constant rotational speed, ie, constant angular velocity (CaV), and is recorded at a constant linear velocity, ie, constant linear velocity (CLV).
There are two types of information recorded by rotating the disk. In the case of a CaV disk, the logical addresses are arranged at a predetermined angle, so that the logical addresses and the physical arrangement angles on the master are the same no matter how many times the master is created. However, in the case of a CLV disk, since only the linear velocity is controlled, the arrangement angle of the logical address on the master is random. As shown in the results of measuring the actual logical addresses of CDs shown in FIG. 19, even if exactly the same data is recorded by the master disc producing apparatus, the tracking pitch, the starting point, and the linear velocity are slightly different each time, and this error is accumulated. Therefore, the physical arrangement is different. In FIG. 19, the arrangement of each logical address of the master created on the first time on the disk is indicated by a white circle, and the second time, the third time
The arrangement of the master is shown by black circles and triangles. Thus, it can be seen that the physical arrangement of the logical address changes each time a master is created. FIG. 17 is a comparison diagram of a low reflection part address table between a regular disc and a disc illegally copied.

The prevention method at the master level has been described above. This is because when a master for CLV recording such as CD or DVD is created from the same logical data using
As shown in Fig. 9, for legitimate discs and pirated discs,
The physical arrangement of each pit on the master differs from master to master. Focusing on this point, discrimination between a legitimate disk and a pirated disk is performed. Master-level piracy prevention technology can prevent logical-level piracy, which simply duplicates only data on a legitimate disk. However, recently, pirate vendors with higher technology have appeared, and it has become possible to create a replica master having the exact same physical shape as a regular disk by melting the polycarbonate substrate of the regular disk. In this case, the master level piracy prevention method is broken. In order to prevent the production of this new pirated disk, the present invention has devised a piracy prevention method at a reflective layer level for marking a reflective film.

Further, in the method of the present invention, as described above, even if the master is the same, marking is performed by partially removing the reflecting film in the reflecting film forming step for each disk formed using the master. create. Therefore, the position and shape of the low-reflection portion marking differ from disk to disk. It is almost impossible to partially remove the reflective film accurately with sub-micron accuracy in a normal process. Therefore, duplication of the disk of the present invention is not economically feasible, so that the effect of preventing duplication is high.

FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing the detection of a duplicate CD based on the low reflection area address table. Depending on the design of the optical head and the circuit of the reproducing apparatus, the delay time required for detecting the optical mark is very small but different. The circuit delay time TD can be predicted at the time of design or mass production. The optical mark obtains position information by measuring the number of clocks, that is, time, from the frame synchronization signal. Therefore, an error occurs in the detection data of the position information of the optical mark due to the influence of the circuit delay time. Then, even a legitimate disk is determined to be a pirated disk, which causes trouble for a legitimate user. Therefore, a device for reducing the influence of the circuit delay time TD will be described. In addition, since the reproduced clock signal is interrupted due to a scratch made after purchasing the disc, an error of several clocks occurs in the measured value of the position information of the optical mark. The pass count 867 is recorded, and the permissible error of the measured value at the time of reproduction is recognized in accordance with the actual situation. With reference to FIG. 19, a device that can be controlled by the copyright holder at the time of shipment will be described.

That is, in FIG. 19, step 865a
To reproduce the disc, and obtain the encrypted position information from the bar code recording section or the pit recording section of the present invention. In step 865b, decryption or signature verification is performed,
At step 865C, a position information list of the optical mark is obtained.
Next, when the delay time TD of the reproducing circuit is included in the circuit delay time storage section 608a in FIG. 15 of the reproducing apparatus, the TD is read from step 865h, and the process proceeds to step 865x. When the TD is not in the reproducing apparatus or when the measurement command is recorded on the disk, the process proceeds to step 865d to enter a reference delay time measurement routine. Address Ns-1
Is detected, the start position of the next address Ns is known. The frame synchronization signal and the reproduction clock are counted, and a reference optical mark is detected in step 865f. Step 865
The circuit delay time TD is measured by g and stored. This operation is the same as the operation described later with reference to FIG. At step 865x, the optical mark in the address Nm is measured. Steps 865i, 865j, 865
k, 865m, steps 865d, 865y,
As in the case of 865f and 865y, the position information of the optical mark is detected with a resolution of clock unit. Next, step 86
At 5n, a pirated disk detection routine is entered. First,
The circuit delay time TD is corrected. In step 865p, the permissible error 866 recorded on the disc shown in FIG.
It is checked whether the position information measured by g is within the range of the allowable error ta. In step 865r, the result is OK.
If it is, it is checked in step 865s whether the number of collated marks has reached the number of passes, and if it is OK, step 865u
Discriminates the disc as a legitimate disc and permits playback. If the number of passes has not been reached yet, the process returns to step 865z. If NO in step 865r, it is checked in step 865f whether the number of erroneous detections is smaller than Na, and only if OK, the process returns to step 865s. If it is not OK, it is determined as an unauthorized disk in step 865v and the operation is stopped.

As described above, since the circuit delay time TD of the reproducing apparatus is recorded in the ROM of the IC, the position information of the optical mark can be obtained more accurately. Also, by setting the permissible error 866 and the number of passes for each software of the disc, the criterion of the pirated disc can be changed according to the actual situation with respect to the scratches on the disc after purchase, so that the probability of erroneously discriminating the authorized disc can be changed. Has the effect of lowering

(D) Here, in the above description of the reading of the optical marking non-reflective portion on the optical disk in which two disks are laminated, the operation principle will be described focusing on the points that are not touched.

That is, as shown in FIG. 16, the address number, the frame number, and the clock number of the start position have a resolution of 1t unit.
The optical mark of the present invention can be accurately measured with a resolution of 3 μm. The method of reading the address of the optical mark in FIG.
FIGS. 20 and 21 show an example applied to the VD standard. FIG.
Since the operation principle is the same as that of FIG. 6, the description of the signals (1), (2), (3), (4), and (5) in FIGS.

Here, FIG. 16 showing the principle of detecting the position of the low reflection portion in the case of a CD, and FIGS. 20 and 21 in the case of a DVD
The correspondence with is described.

FIG. 16 (5) is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 20 (1) and FIG.
This corresponds to (1). The reproduced clock signal in FIG. 16 (6) corresponds to FIGS. 20 (5) and 28 (5). FIG.
The address 603 of (7) corresponds to the address 603 of FIG.
This corresponds to (2).

The frame SyncC 604 in FIG.
Corresponds to FIGS. 20 (4) and 28 (4). FIG.
The start clock number 605a in (8) corresponds to the reproduction channel clock number in FIG. FIG. 16 (7)
In FIG. 20 (7) and FIG. 21 (7), data compression is measured using a 6-bit marking length instead of the end clock number 606 of FIG.

As shown in the figure, the detection operation is basically the same between a CD and a DVD.
As shown in 603a, the layer identifier of the 1-bit mark in (7) is different in that an identifier indicating whether the low-reflection portion is a single layer or a two-layer is included. In the case of a two-layer DVD, the prevention effect is enhanced as described above. The second difference is that since the linear recording density is nearly twice as high, 1 t of the reproduction clock is 0.13 μm.
m, the detection resolution of position information is further increased, and the prevention effect is high.

FIG. 20 shows a first-layer signal when a two-layer type optical disk having two reflective layers is used, and a signal (1) shows a state in which the start position of the first-layer optical mark is detected. Is shown. FIG. 21 shows the state of the signal on the second layer.

When reading the second layer, a switching signal is sent from the one-layer / two-layer switching unit 827 to the focus control unit 828 in FIG. From FIG. 20, it can be seen that the address is (n), and the frame synchronization signal of the signal (4) is counted by the counter. The PLL reproduction clock number of the signal (5) is known, and the optical marking position data of the signal (6) is obtained. Using this position data, an optical mark can be measured with a resolution of 0.13 μm by a general consumer DVD player.

(E) Next, a further description will be given of an optical disk in which two disks are bonded.

FIG. 21 shows the address position information of the optical marking formed on the second layer. As shown in the step (b) of FIG. 7, the laser beam penetrates the first and second layers and is made in the same hole, so that the non-reflective portion 81 formed in the first reflective layer 802 is formed.
5 and the non-reflection portion 826 formed in the second reflection layer 825 have the same shape. This state is shown in the perspective view shown in FIG. In the present invention, after the transparent substrate 801 and the second substrate 803 are bonded to each other, the same mark is formed in two layers by penetrating a laser. In this case, since the pit coordinate arrangement is different between the first and second layers, and the positional relationship between the first and second layers at the time of bonding is random, marks are formed in different bit portions between the first and second layers. Thus, completely different position information can be obtained. The two pieces of position information are encrypted to create a pirated disc. If the disc is illegally copied, it is necessary to match the optical marks of the two layers with an accuracy of about 013 μm. As described above, it is impossible at present to copy optical marks and pits with optical marks with an accuracy of 0.13 μm, that is, 0.1 μm.
There is a possibility that a mass production technique capable of trimming a large number of single-layer disks at a low cost with a processing accuracy of 0.1 μm will be realized.
Even in this case, in the case of the double-layer bonded disc 800, the upper and lower two discs are trimmed at the same time.
It is necessary to align the pit arrangement and the optical marks on the sheet with an accuracy of several μm. However, it is almost impossible to bond with this accuracy due to the temperature coefficient of the polycarbonate substrate and the like. For this reason, when an optical mark is created by penetrating a laser through the two-layer disc 800, a pirated mark that is extremely difficult to duplicate is obtained. For this reason, the effect of increasing the piracy prevention effect is obtained.

As described above, an optical disk subjected to piracy prevention processing is completed. In this case, in the case of anti-piracy use, if the disc process and the laser cutting process cannot be separated like a veneer, the encryption process integrated with the laser cutting process and the processing of the secret key of the encryption are performed in the disc factory. Will be. In other words, in the single-plate system, the secret key for encryption of the software company needs to be passed to the disk factory, and the confidentiality of the encryption is greatly reduced. On the other hand, in the method of laser processing a bonded disk, which is one of the measures according to the present invention, laser trimming can be completely separated from the disk manufacturing process. Therefore, laser trimming and encryption work can be performed at the factory of the software manufacturer. There is no need to give the software manufacturer's secret key to the disk factory, and the secret key of the encryption does not go outside the software manufacturer, greatly improving the confidentiality of the encryption.

FIG. 23 is a block diagram of the laser recording apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 24A shows a signal obtained by encoding the RZ recording of the present invention. FIG. 25 shows a signal encoded in a conventional barcode format. In the present invention, FIG.
RZ recording is used as shown in FIG. This is because when one unit time is divided into a plurality of time slots, for example, a first time slot 920a, a second time slot 921, a third time slot 922, etc., and the data is "00", FIG.
As shown in (1), in the first time slot 920a, the cycle of the time slot, that is, the cycle T of the channel clock is set.
A signal 924a having a shorter time width is recorded. Pulses 924a narrower than the recording clock cycle T are t = T1 and t = T1.
Output during T2. In this case, if a clock is generated by the clock signal unit 913 with a rotation pulse of the rotation sensor 915a of the motor 915 as shown in FIG. Thus, as shown in FIG. 24 (2), the first recording area 92 out of the four recording areas on the disc.
923a indicating "00" is recorded in 5a and FIG.
A circular barcode as shown in (1) is formed.

Next, when the data is "01", FIG.
As shown in the figure, the pulse 9 is applied to the second time slot 921b.
24b is recorded between t = T2 and t = T3. Thus, a stripe 923b is formed on the disk in the second recording area 926b from the left as shown in FIG. 24 (4).

Next, when data "10" and "11" are recorded, they are recorded in the third time slot 922a and the fourth time slot, respectively.

Here, NRZ recording used in conventional bar code recording will be described with reference to FIG. In the case of NRZ, as shown in FIG.
, Pulses 928a and 928b having the same width as the interval T are output. In the case of RZ, a pulse width of 1 / nT is sufficient for one pulse width. In the case of NRZ, a pulse having a wide width of T is required.
As shown in (2), a pulse twice or three times as wide as 2T and 3T is required. In the case of laser trimming as in the present invention, it is practically difficult to change the trimming width of the laser because it is necessary to change the setting, and NRZ is not suitable. As shown in FIG. 25 (2), stripes 929a and 929 are provided in the first and third recording areas 925a and 927a from the left.
9b is formed, and in the case of data "10", FIG.
Second and third recording areas 926 from the left as in (4)
Stripes 929b having a width of 2T are formed on b and 927b.

In the case of conventional NRZ recording, FIG.
As shown in (3), since the pulse width is 1t and 2T, it can be seen that it is not suitable for the laser trimming of the present invention. In the case of forming a barcode by laser trimming according to the present invention, the barcode is formed as shown in the diagram of the experimental result in FIG. 8A, but the line width of trimming varies for each disk.
It is difficult to control precisely. This is because when trimming the reflective film of the disk, the trimming line width changes due to fluctuations in the output of the pulse laser, the thickness and material of the reflective film, and the thermal conductivity and thickness of the substrate. Next, providing slots having different line widths on the same disk complicates the recording apparatus. For example, as shown in FIGS. 25A and 25B, in the case of NRZ recording used in a product barcode, the trimming line width is exactly 1 t or 2 clock cycles.
It is necessary to match T, 3T, that is, nT. Especially 2T,
It is difficult to record by changing the line width of various types of 3T for each bar. The barcode format for conventional products is N
Since it is RZ, if it is applied to the laser barcode of the present invention, first, it is difficult to accurately record different line widths of 2T and 3T on the same disk, so that the yield decreases. next,
Recording cannot be performed stably because the width of laser trimming varies. For this reason, demodulation becomes difficult. By performing RZ recording as in the present invention, digital recording can be stably performed even if the trimming width of the laser fluctuates first. Next, in the RZ recording, only one kind of line width is required, so that there is no need to modulate the laser power, so that the configuration of the recording apparatus is simplified.

As described above, in the case of the laser barcode for a disk of the present invention, there is an effect that digital recording can be stably performed by combining RZ recording.

FIG. 26 shows an embodiment in which RZ recording and phase encoding (PE for short) modulation are performed. FIG. 26 shows signals and stripe arrangement when the RZ recording of FIG. 24 is PE-modulated. First, when recording “0” data,
When the data is "1" to the left slot 920a of the two time slots 920a and 921a, FIG.
The signal is recorded in the right slot 921b as shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 26 (2) and (4), "0"
Data in the left recording area 925a and the data of "1" in the right recording area 926b in the stripes 923a and 923a.
3b. Thus, in the case of the data of "010", the pulse 924C is output to the left or "0", the pulse 924d is output to the right or "1", and the pulse 924e is output to the left or "0" time slot as shown in FIG. The stripes are trimmed on the disk at the left, right and left positions by laser. FIG. 26 (5) shows “01
It shows a signal obtained by modulating data of 0 ". As can be seen, a signal always exists in each channel bit. That is, the signal density is always constant and DC-free. Is free from fluctuations in low-frequency components even if a pulse edge is detected during reproduction because it is DC-free, so that there is an effect that the demodulation circuit of the disk reproducing device during reproduction is simplified.
Since there is always one signal 923 for each T, there is an effect that the synchronous clock of the channel clock can be reproduced without using the PLL.

Thus, a circular bar code as shown in FIG. 27A is recorded on the disk. When the recording data “01000” of (4) in FIG. 27 is recorded, the bar code 923a of the same pattern as the recording signal of (3) is recorded as in (2) in the PE-RZ modulation of the present embodiment. When this bar code is reproduced by the optical pickup of the reproducing apparatus, as described in the first embodiment, a part of the pit modulated signal has no reflected signal due to the lack of the reflective layer of the bar coat, and the reproduced signal of (5) Is output. By passing this signal through a second-order or third-order LPF filter 943 shown in FIG. By slicing this signal with a level slicer, the reproduced data “01000” of (7) is demodulated.

Now, the characteristics of the optical disk of the present invention will be described again. When laser trimming recording is performed on a single-plate disk as described with reference to FIGS.
The protective layer is destroyed as shown. Therefore, it is necessary to form the protective layer again at the factory after trimming. Therefore, bar codes cannot be recorded by software companies or retailers. For this reason, a problem that applications are greatly limited is expected.

On the other hand, when the laser trimming of the present invention was performed on a bonded disk in which two disks of a transparent substrate were bonded, an experiment was performed to confirm that the protective layer 804 almost remained as shown in FIG. It was confirmed by observing with a light microscope at × 2. 96 hours, temperature 8
It was also confirmed that there was no change in the reflection film at the trimming portion even after the environmental test at 5 degrees and a humidity of 95%. As described above, by applying the laser trimming of the present invention to a bonded disc such as a DVD, it is not necessary to re-attach a protective layer at a factory, so that a barcode can be trimmed and recorded at a place other than a press factory, for example, at a software company or a store. effective. In this case, it is not necessary to output the secret key information of the encryption of the software company to the outside, and when security information, for example, a serial number for copy protection is recorded on the barcode, the security is greatly improved. Further, as described later, when the trimming line width is set to 14T or 1.82 μm or more in the case of a DVD, the trimming line width can be separated from the DVD pit signal, so that it is possible to superimpose and record on the DVD pit recording area. . Thus, by applying the trimming method and the modulation recording method of the present invention to a laminated disk such as a DVD, a laminated optical disk having an effect that secondary recording can be performed after shipment from a factory is realized.

In particular, when trimming is performed on a laminated double-sided optical disk, the laser penetrates the two reflective films on each surface simultaneously. Therefore, since barcodes can be formed on both sides at once, there is an effect in media production that both sides can be recorded in one process. In this case, the reproducing apparatus reproduces a bar code signal in the reverse direction on the back side, so a method for identifying the back side is required, which will be described in detail later.

First, the operation of the recording circuit for laser trimming shown in FIG. 23 will be described. The ID number and the input data issued from the serial number generation unit 908 are combined in the input unit 909, and the encryption
It is signed or encrypted by a function or the like, and is subjected to error correction coding and interleaving by an ECC encoder 927.

The RZ modulation section 910 performs phase encoding (PE) -RZ modulation described later.
In this case, the modulated clock is generated in the clock signal generator 913 in synchronization with the rotation pulse from the motor 915 or the rotation sensor 915a.

A trigger pulse is generated by the laser emission circuit 911 for the RZ modulation signal, and the laser power supply circuit 929
Is input to a laser 912 of YaG or the like established by the above, a pulsed laser emits light, and an image is formed on the reflection film 802 of the bonded disc 800 by the light collecting unit 914, and the reflection film is removed in a barcode shape. The error correction method will be described later in detail. In the encryption method, a public key code as shown in FIG. 18 is signed with a serial number using a secret key of a software company. In this case, since a person other than the software company does not have a secret key and cannot sign a new serial number, there is a great effect that the issue of a serial number of an illegal company other than the software company can be prevented. In this case, the security is high because the public key cannot be decrypted as described above. For this reason, forgery is prevented even if the public key is recorded on a disk and transmitted to the player.

Here, the condensing section of the recording apparatus will be described in detail.
As shown in FIG. 28A, the light from the laser 912 enters the condenser 914, is converted into parallel light by a collimator 916, is focused by a cylindrical lens 917 in one circumferential direction of the optical disk, and is focused in a radial direction. It becomes long striped light. This light is cut by a mask 918, and the reflection film 80 of the optical disc is
2 and is striped. in this case,
In FIG. 28, the mask 918 limits four directions. However, in practice, it is only necessary to limit one direction on the inner circumferential side in the longitudinal direction of the stripe. Thus, a stripe is formed as shown in FIG. In the case of PE modulation, there are three types of stripe intervals, 1T, 2T, and 3T. If the intervals are shifted, jitter occurs and the error rate increases. In the present invention, the clock generation unit 913 generates a modulation clock in synchronization with the rotation pulse of the motor 915 and sends it to the modulation unit 918. Therefore, the stripe 923 is positioned at an accurate position according to the rotation of the motor 915, that is, the rotation of the distor 800.
Is recorded, jitter is reduced. In addition, as shown in FIG. 3A, laser scanning means 950 may be provided to scan a continuous wave laser in a radial direction to form a bar code.

Here, the features of the format will be described. As shown in FIG. 30, in the case of a DVD disc, all data is recorded in CLV.

However, the stripe 923 of the present invention has a CL
The V-recorded address is recorded in CaV while being superimposed on the pre-pit signal in the lead-in data area where the V-recorded address is recorded. That is, overwriting. As described above, the CLV data is recorded in the pit pattern of the master, and the CaV data is recorded in the missing portion of the reflection film by the laser. Because of the overwriting, pits are recorded between 1T, 2T, and 3T of the barcode stripe. The pit information can be used to perform tracking of the optical head, and Tmax or Tmin of the pit information can be detected. The signal is detected to control the rotation speed of the motor.
In order to detect Tmin, as shown in FIG. 30, the trimming width t of the stripe 923a and the pit clock T
If the relationship of (pit) is t> 14T (pit), the above-described effect is obtained. If t is shorter than 14T, the pulse width becomes the same, so that it cannot be discriminated and demodulation cannot be performed. In order to read the pit address information at the same radial position as the stripe, since the length of the address area 944 is at least one frame of the pit information as shown in FIG. 32, the address information can be obtained and the track jump can be performed. This has the effect of becoming Further, as shown in FIG. 36, the ratio of stripe to non-stripe, that is, the duty ratio is 50% or less T (S).
By setting T (NS), the substantial reflectance becomes 6d
Since only b decreases, there is an effect that the focus of the optical head is stably obtained. Although some players cannot perform tracking control due to the presence of the stripe, the stripe 923, which is CaV data, is subjected to rotation control using a rotation pulse from a hall element or the like of the motor 17 to rotate CaV, and the optical pickup uses the optical pickup.
There is an effect that it can be reproduced.

FIG. 31 shows a flowchart of the operation procedure in the case where the pit data of the optical track is not normally reproduced in the stripe area. When the disc is inserted in step 930a, the optical head is first moved to the inner peripheral portion in step 930b. Then, stripe 9 in FIG.
23 areas are reached.

Here, the pit data in the stripe area 923 cannot reproduce all pits normally.
Therefore, in the case of CLV, the phase rotation control being performed cannot be performed. In step 930C, the rotation sensor of the hall element of the motor or the pit signal T (MAX) or T (M
IN) and frequency are measured to control the rotational speed. If there is no stripe in step 930i, the process jumps to step 930f. If there is a stripe, the barcode is reproduced in step 930d,
When the reproduction of the barcode is completed in step e, the optical head is moved to the outer periphery without the stripe in step 930f. Since there are no stripes in this area, pits are completely reproduced and focus and tracking servo are normally applied. Since the pit signal can be reproduced, normal rotation phase control can be performed, and CLV rotation is performed. Therefore, step 930h
Thus, the pit signal is normally reproduced.

As described above, by switching between the two rotation controls of the rotation speed control and the rotation phase control based on the pit signal, there is an effect that two kinds of different data of the bar code stripe data and the pit recorded data can be reproduced. . In this case, as the switching means, since the stripe is located at the innermost peripheral portion, the rotation control can be reliably switched by switching by measuring the radial position of the optical head by the stopper of the optical head or the address of the pit signal. .

Here, a method of realizing the rotation angle control will be described with reference to FIGS. 41, 42 and 43. FIG. 41 is a block diagram showing a case where the rotation angle control is performed by detecting the Tmax of the pit signal. After the signal from the optical head is shaped, the pulse interval of the pit signal is measured by the edge interval measuring means 953. Reference value generating means 95 for t0
Since the reference value information t0 having a pulse width larger than the 6 SynC signal and smaller than the bar code signal is generated, this information is compared with the pulse width TR of the reproduction signal by the comparison means 954.
Only when it is smaller than the reference value Ts and larger than Tmax in the memory means, TR is sent to the memory means 955, and Tm
ax. The controller 957 controls the motor drive circuit 958 based on the Tmax, and can control the rotation speed of the motor based on the Tmax. In the case of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 9A, a large number of pulses having a period of 3 to 10 μs are generated by the barcode stripe. The SynC pulse is 14T for DVD, that is, 1.T.
82 μm. On the other hand, the barcode stripe is 15 μm
It is. In the case of Tmax control, a barcode pulse longer than the SynC pulse is determined as Tmax and is erroneously detected.
By comparing with the reference value t0 and removing signals larger than the reference value as shown in FIG. 41, there is an effect that the rotation speed control of the normal rotation speed becomes possible even during the reproduction of the bar code stripe area. In this case, t> t0 as shown in FIG.
> 14T.

Next, a rotation speed control method for Tmin detection will be described with reference to FIG. In the case of Tmin in FIG. 42, the pulse information TR from the edge interval detecting means 953 is compared with Tmi in the memory means 955a by the comparing means 954a.
n, and if TR <Tmin, a strobe pulse is generated and Tmin in the memory is replaced.

In this case, the bar code pulse is 3 to 10 μm as described above, while Tmin is 05 to 0.8 μm. Therefore, even if the barcode area is reproduced, the barcode pulse is always larger than Tmin, so that the condition of TR <Tmin is not satisfied. Therefore, by combining the rotation speed control of the Tmin method with the bar code reading means 959, there is an effect that the rotation speed control by Tmin can be stably performed while reproducing the bar code. In this case, by detecting the edge interval with the oscillator clock 956 and obtaining the demodulation reference clock of the bar code reading means 959, the bar code can be demodulated in synchronization with the rotation.

Next, a method of switching between the rotation phase control mode and the rotation speed control mode by the mode switch 963 will be described with reference to FIG.

As described in steps 930b and 930C of FIG. 31, first, the optical head is moved to the inner peripheral portion, and at the same time, the mode switch 963 is switched to a. in this case,
When the pickup (PU) position sensor 962 or the like detects that the radial position of the optical head moved by the moving means 964 has come to the inner circumference, the mode switch 963 may be switched to a.

Next, the operation at the time of entering the rotation speed control mode will be described. Motor rotation frequency fm from motor 2nd
The frequency of the oscillator 968, f2, and the second frequency comparator 96
7, the error signal is sent to the motor drive circuit 958, and the rotation speed is controlled by controlling the motor 969. In this case, the bar code stripe can be reproduced because of the CaV rotation. When the reproduction of the barcode is completed, as shown in step 930e of FIG. Switch to.

In the rotation phase control mode, the pit signal from the optical head is subjected to PLL control by the clock extracting means 960. The first frequency comparator 96 compares the frequency f1 of the first oscillator 966 with the frequency fS of the reproduction synchronization signal.
Then, the difference is sent to the motor drive circuit 958. As a result, a rotation phase control mode is entered. Because of the phase control of the PLL by the pit signal, data synchronized with the synchronization signal of f1 is reproduced. If the optical head is moved to the barcode stripe region by the rotation phase control without switching between the rotation phase control and the rotation speed control as in the method of FIG. 43, the motor may run away because the phase cannot be controlled by the stripe. An error occurs, the motor stops, and a trouble occurs. By switching the rotation mode, you can not only play barcodes stably,
There is a great effect that the above-described rotation trouble can be avoided.

In the case of the system shown in FIG. 28, since the minimum interval between the light emission pulses is 1t, if the frequency of the laser is fL, a laser having an emission frequency of fC = 1 / fL is required.
In this case, fL / 2 lines can be recorded per second. But,
When the light deflector 931 is used as shown in FIG. 30, the minimum interval between the light emission pulses is 2t, so that the light emission frequency is fL = 1 /
2t, and a laser having a half frequency is sufficient. Therefore, when lasers of the same frequency are used, the number of lines, that is, fL lines per second can be recorded by using the optical deflector 931. Therefore, the tact of production can be doubled.

Referring to FIG. 29, the method using the optical deflector 931
The operation of the double-tact device (referred to as "switch recording") will be described focusing on the differences from FIG.

The beam is switched to the sub-beam 946 by the optical deflector 931 such as aO when the deflection signal is switched to the main beam 945 and the sub-beam 946, and passes through the sub-slit 932b and the sub-stripe 934.
Is formed. In other words, when it is "0", the normal stripe 93
3 is formed. Only when recording "1" data,
As shown in FIG. 9B, the deflection signal is turned on, the light is switched to the sub beam 946 by the optical deflector 931, and the stripe is recorded at the position of the sub stripe 934. Thus, the stripe 933 of "0" as shown in FIG.
a, 933b and a stripe “934” of “1” are formed. In this case, the laser emission pulse may be every 2t, so that a laser having a half frequency as compared with the case of FIG. 28 may be used. That is, as described above, when pulse lasers having the same frequency are used, stripes can be formed with double clocks, so that there is an effect that productivity is doubled.

A format suitable for switch recording described with reference to FIG. 29 will now be described using the data structure of the synchronization code shown in FIG.

The fixed pattern shown in FIG.
0110 ". Usually, 0 and 1 are the same number" 0100 ".
Although the data structure is generally used in the present invention, the reason is described below. In order to perform switch recording in FIG. 29, first, all signals are set to 1 at 1t.
No more than two pulses. The data area is shown in FIG.
As shown in (a), switch recording is possible for PE-RZ recording. However, since the synchronization code of FIG. 34A arranges irregular channel bits, there is a possibility that two pulses exist at 1t in a normal method. In this case, the switch recording of the present invention cannot be performed. In the present invention, FIG.
For example, as shown in FIG. 7, "01000110" is set. Therefore, the right one pulse in T1, the zero pulse in T2,
One pulse on the right in T3, one pulse on the left in T4,
There are no two pulses in each time slot. Therefore, the adoption of the synchronous code of the present invention enables switch recording, and has the effect of doubling the production speed.

Next, the reproducing apparatus will be described. FIG. 15 is a block diagram of the playback device described above. The aperture will be described again for demodulation. First, the signal output of the stripe is
3 removes high frequency components due to the pits. DVD
In this case, there is a possibility that a signal of a maximum of 14T of T = 0.13 μm is reproduced. In this case, it was confirmed by an experiment that the separation can be performed by the second- or third-order Chebyhoff-type low-pass filter shown in FIG. That is, if a second-order or higher LPF is used, the pit signal and the barcode signal can be separated, and the barcode can be stably reproduced. FIG.
(B) shows a worst case simulation waveform.

By using the LPF 943 of the second order or higher as described above, the pit reproduction signal can be almost removed, and the stripe reproduction signal can be output, so that the stripe signal can be surely demodulated.

Next, returning to FIG. 15, the digital data is demodulated in the PE-RZ demodulator 942. This data is error-corrected in the ECC decoder 928.
The deinterleaving section 928a deinterleaves the signal, performs a Reed-Solomon code operation on the RS decoder 928b, and corrects the error. In the present invention, FIG.
As shown in the data configuration of (a), interleaving and Reed-Solomon error correction coding are performed using an ECC encoder 927 at the time of recording as shown in FIG. Therefore, by adopting this data configuration, as shown in FIG. 33B, only one error occurs on the seventh power of the disk 10. This data configuration has one Sync Code for every four synchronization codes in order to reduce the data length of Code.
By adding, the type becomes 1/4 of the Sync Code and the efficiency is improved. Here, the scalability of the data configuration will be described with reference to FIG. In the present invention, as shown in the example of FIG. 34C, the recording capacity can be arbitrarily increased or decreased in units of 16b, for example, in the range of 12b to 188b. As shown in FIG. 33C, it can be changed from n = 1 to n = 12. For example, as shown in FIG.
In this case, only four data rows 951a, b, C, and d are provided, and then ECC rows 952a, b, C, and d are obtained. 951d
Becomes EDC 4b. Assuming that all data rows from 951e to 951z contain 0, the error correction code is calculated. Such ECC encoding is performed by the ECC encoder 927 of the recording apparatus in FIG. 1 and recorded on the disk as a barcode. When n = 1, data of 12b can be recorded at an angle of 51 degrees on the disk. Similarly, when n = 2, 18b data can be recorded, and when n = 12, 271b data is
It can record in an angle range of 36 degrees.

In the case of the present invention, this scalability is significant. In the case of laser [g rimming, production tact becomes important. In a low-speed apparatus for trimming one line at a time, it takes ten seconds or more to record a maximum capacity of several thousand lines. Since the production tact of the disc is 4 seconds, the production tact is reduced. On the other hand, the application of the present invention is initially Di
The sk ID number is mainly used and may be about 10b. 10b
271b to write is the laser processing time is 6
Because it increases twice, the production cost increases. By using the scalability scheme of the present invention, production costs and time are reduced.

Note that the playback device shown in FIG.
In the decoder 928, for example, in the case of n = 1 shown in FIG. 33B, the data rows 951e to 951z are regarded as containing all zero data, and the same is performed by performing an ECC error correction operation. 12 in the program
There is an effect that the data from b to 271b can be error-corrected.

As shown in FIG. 36, the width of the pulse by the stripe is reduced to about 1/2 in the case of 1t. Therefore 3
Due to the presence of T, the ratio of the stripes is 1/3 or less on average. As a result, the disc has a standard reflectance of 70%, which is 2/3, that is, about 50%, and has an effect that it can be reproduced by a general ROM disc player.

Next, the reproduction procedure will be described with reference to the flowchart in FIG. First, when a disc is inserted, TOC (Control Data) is entered in step 940a.
To play. As shown in FIG. 30, since the stripe presence / absence identifier 937 is recorded as a pit signal in the TOC of the TOC area 936 on the optical disc of the present invention, it is possible to determine whether or not the stripe is recorded at the time when the control data is reproduced. . If the stripe presence / absence identifier is 0 in step 940b, the process proceeds to step 940f, where the rotation phase control is performed and normal CLV reproduction is performed. Step 940b
When the presence / absence identifier 937 is 1, it indicates in step 940h whether the stripe is recorded on the surface opposite to the reproduction surface, that is, on the back surface. It is checked whether there is a back side presence identifier 948, and if it is a back side, the process proceeds to step 947i to reproduce the recording surface on the back side of the optical disk. If the back side cannot be automatically reproduced, a back side reproduction instruction is output and displayed. Step 9
If it is found at 40h that a stripe is recorded on the surface being reproduced, the process proceeds to step 940C, where the head is further moved to the stripe region 923 on the inner peripheral portion, and at step 940d, the rotation speed control is switched to CaV rotation. The stripe 923 is reproduced. If it is completed in step 940e, in step 940f, switching to the rotation phase control is again performed to reproduce the CLV, the optical head is moved to the outer periphery, and the data of the pit signal is reproduced.

Since the stripe presence / absence identifier 937 is recorded in the pit area such as TOC, there is an effect that the stripe can be surely reproduced. if,
In the case of a disk for which the stripe presence / absence identifier 937 is not defined, it takes a long time to discriminate between a stripe and a scratch because tracking is not performed in the stripe area. Therefore, even when there is no stripe, since the stripe is always read, it is necessary to check in a step such as whether the stripe is really not present or whether the stripe is located on the inner circumference.
In addition, since the stripe is recorded on the back surface because of the presence of the stripe back surface identifier 948, in the case of a double-sided DVD optical disk, the bar code stripe can be reliably reproduced. Since the stripe of the present invention penetrates both reflective films of the double-sided disk, it can be read from the back surface. Look at the stripe backside existence identifier 948,
When the stripe is reproduced, the reproduction can be performed from the back side by performing reproduction with the opposite code. In the present invention, as shown in FIG. Therefore, when the reproduction is performed from the back side, the synchronization code “01100010” can be detected, so that it can be detected that the bar code is reproduced from the back side. At this time, in the reproducing apparatus of FIG.
By demodulating the code, the demodulation unit 942 has an effect that the penetrated bar code can be normally reproduced even if the double-sided disk is reproduced from the back surface. Further, as shown in FIG. 30, the TOC has recorded thereon an additional stripe data presence / absence identifier and a stripe recording capacity. Therefore, when the stripe 923 of the first trimming has already been recorded as shown in FIG. 30, the stripe 93 of the second trimming is used.
8 can be calculated as to what capacity can be recorded. Therefore TO
When the recording apparatus of FIG. 1 performs the second trimming based on the C data, it is possible to determine how much data can be recorded.
It is possible to prevent the recording of 0 ° or more from destroying the first trimming stripe. As shown in FIG. 30, a blank portion 949 of one frame or more of the pit signal is provided between the first trimming stripe 923 and the second trimming stripe 938 to destroy the previous trimming data. Is prevented.

Since the trimming number identifier 947 is recorded in the synchronous code portion as shown in FIG.
There is an effect that the data of the first trimming stripe and the data of the second trimming stripe can be identified.
If this identifier is not present, the first stripe 923 and the second stripe 938 in FIG. 30 cannot be distinguished.

Next, another stripe reproducing method will be described. When the duty of the stripe, that is, the area ratio is small, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, tracking is substantially performed in the stripe region. Then, the addresses in the address area 944 on the same radius can be reproduced. Then, since the address can be reproduced without reproducing the stripe and changing the position of the optical head, there is an effect that the rising time after inserting the disk is shortened. In this case, as described above, the address area, that is, the area without stripes may be continuously provided on one or more frames on the same radius. This step will be described with reference to FIG. First, the disc is inserted, and the optical head is moved to the inner peripheral portion in step 947a. Step 94
At 7b, the rotation angle control (CAV) is performed to reproduce the address. If address reproduction is not possible in step 947c, the process proceeds to step 947i, where the optical head is sent to the inner circumference to reproduce a stripe. If the address can be reproduced, the process proceeds to step 947e, and the optical head is moved in the radial direction to the address area where the stripe exists based on the address. At step 947f, the stripe is reproduced, and at step 947
If g is completed, in step 947h, the optical head is moved to the outer periphery by switching to rotation phase control, and the pit signal is reproduced. If not possible, the stripe is reproduced by CaV control in step 947C, and if servo is possible, step 94 is executed.
Proceeding to 7d, the address in the address area 944 is reproduced by CLV control, the address is reproduced in step 947d, and the optical head is tracked to the address of a certain radius of the stripe in step 947e based on the address.
At step 947g, the pit data is reproduced by CLV control at step 947h.

The method of recording an optical mark to prevent piracy has been described in the first half. However, the tracking of the stripe area is disturbed by the stripe, and the address / clock position of a predetermined optical mark must be accurately measured. Becomes difficult. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
a light mark 9 in a pit area 941a at a different radial position from that of the pit area 941a.
By forming 41, the position of the optical mark 941 can be stably measured in clock units as shown in FIG. Therefore, there is an effect that the pirate disc can be more stably determined. Also, in this case, as shown in FIG. 39, by providing a pinhole optical mark that destroys only a few tracks, there is an effect that errors are not increased and at the same time, piracy prevention is realized within the range of the current standard. .

A disc according to the present invention having a structure in which a reflecting film is directly or indirectly sandwiched between two members made of a material which is not extinguished by a laser, wherein the reflecting film is marked by a laser. In the above embodiment, the optical disk characterized in that it is used for secondary recording such as a barcode or for piracy prevention technology is described. However, the present invention is not limited to this and may be applied to other technologies. . Further, in the optical disk of the present invention, in the above-described embodiment, a disk in which an adhesive layer is provided between two substrates and an adhesive layer is interposed has been described. Another member such as a layer may be present, that is, a structure in which the reflection film is directly or indirectly sandwiched between two members made of a material that does not disappear by laser. Furthermore, this optical disk of the present invention has been described in the above embodiment in the case where a substrate is used as a member to be bonded. Any member made of a material that does not disappear may be used.

In the first half, the embodiment has been described using PWM modulation as a modulation method, but in the latter half, the PE-R
A similar effect can be obtained by using the Z modulation in combination with the first embodiment, but is omitted in the text.

Next, the demodulation unit will be described in detail focusing on a copyright protection watermark. FIG. 51 is a block diagram showing the entire system of the present invention.

The procedure from the content to the creation of the disc will be described with reference to the block diagram of the disc manufacturing unit 19 shown in FIG. In the disc manufacturing unit 19, first, original content 3 such as a movie is processed by the MPEG encoder 4.
M which is blocked, variable-length coded and image compressed
It becomes a compressed video signal such as PEG. This signal is scrambled by the encryption encoder 14 using the business encryption key 20. The scrambled compressed video signal is recorded as a pit-like signal on the master 6 by the master creator 5. The master 6 and the molding machine 7 produce a large number of disk substrates 8 on which pits are recorded, and the reflection layer forming machine 1
5 forms a reflective film of aluminum or the like. Two substrates 8
And 8a are bonded by a bonding machine 9, whereby a bonded disk 10 is completed.

Before describing the system, the operation of the BCA level slice will be described in detail.

As shown in (1) of FIG.
Pulsed laser 808 on a disc
Then, the aluminum reflection film 809 is trimmed, and the stripe-like low reflection portion 810 is recorded based on the PE modulation signal.
As shown in FIG. 57 (2), a BCA stripe is formed on the disk, and when this stripe is reproduced by a normal optical head, the BCA portion has no reflected signal, so that the BCA portion has no reflected signal.
As shown in (3), missing signal portions 810a, 810b, and 810c in which the modulated signal is intermittently missing occur. The modulation signal of the 8-16 modulation of the pit is the first slice level 915
And the main signal is demodulated. On the other hand, missing signal section 8
Since 10a and the like have low signal levels, slicing can be easily performed at the second slice level 916. As shown in the recording / reproducing waveform diagram of FIG. 53, the formed bar codes 923a and 923
b can be reproduced by level slicing at the second slice level 916 with a normal optical pickup as shown in FIG. 58 (5), and high frequency pit signals are suppressed by the LPF filter as shown in FIG. 58 (6). The resulting signal is sliced at the second slice level to obtain a binary signal. This signal is subjected to PE-RZ demodulation, and a digital signal is output as shown in (7).

The demodulation operation will be described with reference to FIG. First, the disc 801 with the BCA is bonded so that two transparent substrates and the recording layer 801a are located in the middle, and there are two cases, one recording layer 801a and two recording layers 801a and 801b.
May be a layer. In the case of two layers, a BCA flag 922 indicating whether BCA is recorded in the control data of the first recording layer 801a near the optical head 6 is recorded. Since the BCA is recorded on the second layer 801b, the optical head 6 is first focused on the first recording layer 801a and moved to the radial position of the control data 924 on the innermost circumference of the second recording area 919. Since the control data is main information, it is EFM or 8-15 or 8-16 modulated. Only when the BCA flag 922 in the control data is “1”, the one-layer / two-layer part switching unit 827
Then, the BCA is reproduced by focusing on the second recording layer 801b. When sliced by the level slicer 590 at the general first slice level 915 as shown in FIG. 57 (3), it is converted into a digital signal. This signal is converted to EFM 925 or 8-15 modulation 926 or 8-
The signal is demodulated by a demodulator of 16 modulation 92, error-corrected by an ECC decoder 36, and main information is output. The control data in the main information is reproduced, and the BCA is read only when the BCA flag 922 is 1. BCA flag 922 is 1
At this time, the CPU 923 issues an instruction to the one-layer / two-layer part switching unit 827 and drives the focus adjustment unit 828 to switch the focus from the first recording layer 801a to the second recording layer 801b. At the same time, 920 radial positions of the second recording area, that is, in the case of the DVD standard, 2
BC recorded between 2.3mm and 23.5mm
A moves the optical head 6 to read BCA. BCA
In the area, a signal whose envelope is partially missing as shown in FIG. 57 (3) is reproduced. 2nd level slicer 9
29, the second slice level 916 having a light amount lower than the first slice level 915 is set.
The missing portion of the reflection portion of A can be detected, and a digital signal is output. The signal is subjected to PE-RZ demodulation in the second demodulation section 930 and ECC decoding is performed in the ECC decoder 930d to output BCA data as sub-information. In this way, the first demodulator 928 of 8-16 modulation
Then, the main information is demodulated and reproduced by the second demodulation unit 930 of PE-RZ modulation, that is, the sub information, that is, the BCA data.

FIG. 36A shows a low-pass filter 943.
FIG. 35B shows a reproduction waveform before passing through, (2) a processing dimensional accuracy of the slit of the low reflection portion 810, and FIG. 35B shows a simulation waveform after passing through the filter. Slit width is 5-15μ
m or less is difficult. Also, if the data is not recorded on the inner circumference of 23.5 mm, the recorded data will be destroyed. From this, in the case of DVD, the shortest recording cycle = 30 μm and the maximum radius = 23.5 mm, the maximum capacity after formatting is limited to 188 bytes or less.

Here, the method of setting the second slice level 916 described with reference to FIG.
The operation 29 will be described in detail and concretely.

FIG. 45 shows a detailed drawing of only the second level slice section 929. FIG. 46 shows a waveform chart required for this explanation.

In FIG. 45, second level slice section 9
29, a light amount reference value setting unit 588 for supplying a second slice level 916 to the second level slicer 587;
It comprises a ２ frequency divider 587d for dividing the output signal of the level slicer 587. The light amount reference value setting unit 588 includes an LPF 588a and a level conversion unit 588b.

The operation will be described below. BC in the BCA area
Due to the presence of A, a signal with a partially missing envelope as shown in FIG. 46A is reproduced. In this reproduced signal, a high frequency component by the pit signal and a low frequency back mark by the BCA signal are mixed. However, the high-frequency signal component of the 8-16 modulation is suppressed by the LPF 943, and the low-frequency signal 9 including only the BCA signal as shown in FIG.
32 is input to the second level slice section 929.

When the low-frequency signal 932 is input, the light quantity reference value setting unit 588 uses an LPF 588 a having a larger time constant than the LPF 943, that is, an LPF 588 a capable of extracting a lower frequency component.
The lower frequency components of the low frequency signal 932 (almost D
C), and is adjusted to an appropriate level by the level converter 588b, and a second slice level 916 is output as shown by a solid line 916 in FIG. As shown, the second slice level 916 tracks the envelope.

In the case of the present invention, when BCA is read, rotational phase control and tracking control cannot be performed. Therefore, the envelope constantly fluctuates as shown in FIG. If the slice level is fixed, the slice is erroneously sliced by a fluctuating reproduction signal, and the error rate becomes worse. However, in the circuit of FIG. 45 of the present invention, since the second slice level is constantly corrected in accordance with the envelope, there is an effect that erroneous slices are greatly reduced.

Thus, according to the present invention, the second level slicer 5 is not affected by the fluctuating envelope.
The reference numeral 87 designates the low frequency signal 932 as a second slice level 91.
Then, the digital signal is sliced at 6 and a binary digital signal as shown in FIG. 2nd level slicer 5
The signal is inverted at the rising edge of the binary digital signal from 87, and a digital signal as shown in FIG. FIG. 47 shows a specific circuit of the frequency separation means 934 and the second level slice unit 929 at this time.

As described above, by setting the second slice level 916, the difference in the reflectivity of the disk to be reproduced, the variation in the amount of light due to the aging of the reproduction laser, and the 8-16 modulation signal generated by the track cross at the time of reproduction. This has the effect of absorbing low frequency level (DC level) fluctuations.
An optical disk reproducing apparatus capable of reliably slicing a BCA signal can be configured.

Here, another method of setting the second slice level 916 will be disclosed. FIG. 48 is a drawing showing another detail of the frequency separation means 934 and the second level slicer section 929. In FIG. 48, the LPF 943 of the frequency separating means 934 has a first L with a small time constant t.
It comprises a PF 943a and a second LPF 943b having a large time constant. The second level slicer 587 of the second level slicer unit 929 includes an inverting amplifier 587a, a DC regeneration circuit 587b, a comparator 587c, and a ２ frequency divider 587.
d. FIG. 50 shows a waveform chart required for this explanation.

The operation will be described below. Figure 5 in the BCA area
A signal whose envelope is partially missing as shown in 0 (1) is reproduced. This reproduced signal is input to the LPF 943, and is input to the first LPF 943a and the second LPF 943b. In the first LPF 943a having a small time constant, the high-frequency signal of 8-16 modulation is removed from the reproduced signal,
The CA signal is output. Second LPF 94 with large time constant
3b, the DC component of the reproduction signal is passed, and the D
The C component is output. The first LPF 943a to 8-16
When a signal in which the modulated high-frequency signal is suppressed is input, the inverting amplifier 587a amplifies the reduced amplitude when passing through the first LPF 943a. The amplified signal is DC-reproduced at the GND level in the DC regenerating circuit 587b.
A signal as shown in (3) is input to the comparator 587c. On the other hand, in the light amount reference value setting unit 588, the second LP
When the DC component of the reproduction signal is input from F943b, the level is adjusted to an appropriate level by resistance division or the like, and a second slice level 916 as shown in FIG. 50 (2) is output. The comparator 587c slices the output signal of the DC regeneration circuit 587b at the second slice level 916, and outputs a binarized digital signal as shown in FIG. The 2 frequency divider 587d inverts the signal at the rising edge of the digital signal binarized by the comparator 587c and outputs a digital signal.

FIG. 49 shows a specific circuit of the frequency separation means 934 and the second level slicer section 929 at this time.

As described above, setting the second slice level 916 to reproduce the BCA signal causes a difference in the reflectivity of the disk to be reproduced, a change in the amount of light due to aging of the reproducing laser, and a track cross at the time of reproduction. 8
Absorbs DC level fluctuation of -16 modulated signal and ensures BC
An optical disk reproducing apparatus capable of slicing the A signal can be configured. Also, if this circuit is composed of discrete,
A reliable BCA reproduction circuit with the least number of elements can be configured.

The effect of the divide-by-2 frequency divider 587d can be obtained when the signal is taken into the CPU and demodulated by software.
The clock frequency of the E modulation signal can be reduced to half. As a result, even if a CPU having a low sampling frequency is used, there is an effect that a change point of a signal can be reliably detected.

This effect can also be realized by reducing the number of rotations of the motor during reproduction. This is shown in FIG.
When the BCA playback command is received, the CP
The rotation speed reduction signal 923b is output from the rotation control unit 2 by U923.
Sent to 6. Then, the rotation control unit 26 reduces the number of rotations of the motor 17 to 1/2 or 1/4, so that the frequency of the reproduction signal decreases, and the effect that a slow CPU can demodulate by software or BCA with a small line width can be reproduced. The effect is also obtained. In the case of BCA, a BCA stripe having a small line width may be formed depending on a factory, but processing can be performed by a low-speed CPU by reducing the number of rotations. As a result, the error rate during BCA reproduction is improved, and the reliability is improved.

In FIG. 59, the BC at normal speed such as 1 × speed is used.
A is read, and only when an error occurs during the reproduction of the BCA, the rotation speed of the motor 17 is reduced to half by sending a principle command from the CPU to the rotation control unit. With this method, when reading BCA having an average line width, the substantial reading speed of BCA does not decrease at all. If the line width is thin, an error will occur. Only in this case, the BCA may be read at half the speed. By detecting the error, the effect of preventing a decrease in the BCA reproduction speed can be obtained.

In the figure, LPF is used as the frequency separating means.
However, any means such as an envelope following circuit or a peak hold circuit that can suppress a high-frequency signal of 8-16 modulation from the BCA area reproduced signal may be used.

Further, the frequency separation means and the second level slicer section directly binarize the BCA area reproduced signal, and then input the converted signal to a microcomputer or the like, and perform digital processing on the 8-16 signal using a point having a different edge interval. And a means for performing a process of discriminating the time axis of the BCA signal and the BCA signal and substantially suppressing a high-frequency signal of 8-16 modulation.

The modulation signal is recorded in pits using the 8-16 modulation method, and a high-frequency signal such as the high-frequency signal section 933 in FIG. 560 (1) is obtained. On the other hand, the BCA signal is a low-frequency signal like the low-frequency signal section 932. Thus, when the main information is in the DVD standard, the maximum is about 4.5M.
560, and the sub-information has a period of 8.92 μs, that is, about 100 KH, as shown in FIG.
Since the signal is a low frequency signal 933 of z, it is easy to separate the sub-information using the LPF 943. Frequency separation means 934 including LPF 943 as shown in FIG.
Thus, the two signals can be easily separated. In this case, there is an effect that the LPF 943 may have a simple configuration.

The above is the outline of BCA. As shown in the block diagram of the disc manufacturing apparatus and the reproducing apparatus in FIG. 51, the above-described disc manufacturing unit 19 manufactures the ROM-type bonded disc 10 having the same contents. In the disc manufacturing apparatus 21, the bonded discs 10a, 10b, 10c ...
Using a BCA recorder 13, BCA data 16 a, 16 b, and 16 c including identification codes 12 a, 12 b, and 12 c such as different IDs for each disc are converted to a PE modulation unit 17.
Is subjected to PE modulation, and laser trimming is performed using a YAG laser to form circular barcode-shaped BCAs 18a, 18b, and 18c on the disk 10. Below B
The entire disk on which CA 18 is recorded is a BCA disk 11
a, 11b and 11c. As shown in FIG. 51, the pit portions of these BCA disks 11a, 11b, 11c are exactly the same. However, IDs different from 1, 2, and 3 are recorded in the BCA 18. A content provider such as a movie company stores this different ID in the ID database 22. At the same time, when the directory is shipped, the BCA data is read by the circular barcode reader 24 that can read the BCA, and the disc of which ID is read by the system operator 23
In other words, the supply destination and supply time of the supply to the CATV company, the broadcasting station, or the airline are stored in the ID database 22.

As a result, the record of the ID of the disk supplied to which system operator and at what time is recorded in the ID.
Recorded in the database 24. For this reason, in the future, if a large number of illegal copies are circulated using a specific BCA disk as a source, the BC
Although illegal copying was performed from the A disk 11, it can be traced by checking the true watermark. This operation will be described in detail later, but the ID numbering by BCA is virtually called "pre-watermarking" because it plays the same role as the watermark as a whole system.

Here, data to be recorded in the BCA will be described. An ID is generated by an ID generation unit 26, a watermark generation parameter is generated by a watermark generation parameter generation unit 27 based on the ID or by a random number, and mixed with the ID. Sign using the secret key of the cryptographic function. I
D, the watermark creation parameter, and its signature data in the BCA recorder 13 on each of the disks 10a, 10a.
BCA is recorded on b, 10c, and BCA 18a, 18b, 1
8c is formed.

By the way, the BCA with "pre-watermarking" performed by the disk manufacturing apparatus 21 of the present invention in this way.
The discs 10a, 10b, and 10c are used as playback devices 25a, 25b, and 2 of the system operators 23a, 23b, and 23c.
5c. In FIG. 51, the retransmission device 2
8 is partially omitted. The operation of the system operator will be described with reference to the detailed block diagram of the retransmitting device 28 shown in FIG.

The retransmitting device 28a installed in the CATV station or the like in FIG.
5a. A disk 11a with a BCA supplied from a movie company or the like is mounted. The main information of the signal reproduced from the optical head 29 is reproduced by the data reproducing unit 30, the descrambler 31 descrambles the signal,
The original signal of the image is expanded by the MPEG decoder 33,
The watermark is sent to the watermark unit 34. In the watermark section, first, the original signal shown in (1) of FIG.
The frequency axis is converted from the time axis to the frequency axis by the frequency axis conversion unit 34 such as FFT, and the frequency spectrum 35a shown in (2) of FIG. 54 is obtained. The frequency spectrum 35a is mixed in the spectrum mixing unit 36 with the ID number having the spectrum of (3) in FIG. The spectrum of the mixed signal does not change from the original signal of (2) of FIG. 54, as shown in (4) of FIG. That is, the ID number is spread spectrum. This signal is converted from the frequency axis to the time axis by an inverse frequency converter 37 such as an IFFT to obtain a signal which is the same as the original signal ((1) in FIG. 54) as shown in FIG. Since the ID signal is spectrum-spread in the frequency space, the deterioration of the image signal is small.

Here, a method of creating the ID signal 38 will be described. Returning to the BCA playback section 39, the BCA disc 11a
The signature of the BCA data reproduced by the BCA reproducing unit 39 is verified by the digital signature collating unit 40 using a public key or the like sent from the IC card 41 or the like. When NG, stop. In the case of OK, since the data has not been falsified, the ID is directly used as the watermark data creation unit 42.
Sent to Here, a watermark signal as shown in FIG. 54 (3) is generated using the above-described watermark creation parameter included in the BCA data.

In this case, a watermark signal may be generated by calculating a watermark from the ID data or the card ID of the IC card 41.

In this case, if the correlation between the ID and the watermark parameter is completely eliminated and the watermark parameter and the ID are recorded in the BCA, the watermark cannot be inferred from the ID by calculation.
Only the copyright holder knows the relationship between the ID and the watermark. Therefore, it is possible to prevent an unauthorized copy company from issuing a new ID and illegally issuing a watermark.

On the other hand, the card ID number of the IC card 41 is converted into a spectrum signal using a specific
8, the card ID of the IC card can be embedded as a watermark in the video output signal. In this case, since both the distribution ID of the software and the ID of the reproducing device can be confirmed, there is an effect that the tracking, that is, the tracing of the illegal copy becomes easier.

Returning to FIG. 53, the video output signal of the watermark section 34 is sent to the output section 42. Retransmission device 28
When transmitting a compressed video signal, the video output signal is compressed by the MPEG encoder 43, scrambled by the scrambler 45 with the encryption key 44 unique to the system operator, and viewed from the transmission unit 46 via a network or radio waves. To the sender. In this case, the compression parameter information 47 such as the transfer rate after compression of the original MPEG signal is MPEG
Since the data is sent from the decoder 33 to the MPEG encoder 43, the compression efficiency can be increased even in real-time encoding. The audio and compressed signals 48 are not expanded or compressed by bypassing the watermark section 34, so that the sound quality does not deteriorate.

Next, when the compressed signal is not transmitted, the video output signal 49 is scrambled as it is and transmitted from the transmitting section 46a. In the case of an on-air screening system, scrambling is unnecessary. Thus, the video signal containing the watermark is transmitted from the disk 11a.

In the case of FIG. 53, there is a possibility that an illegal copy trader extracts a signal between the blocks from a bus on the way, thereby bypassing the watermark portion and extracting a video signal. As a preventive measure, the bus between the descrambler 31, the MPEG decoder 33, and the watermark unit 34 is encrypted by the mutual authentication units 32a and 32b, 32c, and 32d by the shake hand method. The encrypted signal obtained by encrypting the signal by the mutual authentication unit 32c on the transmission side is received by the mutual authentication unit 32d on the reception side, and the mutual authentication unit 32c and the mutual authentication unit 32d communicate with each other, that is, perform handshake. Only when this result is correct, the mutual authentication unit 32d on the receiving side decrypts the encryption. Mutual authentication units 32a and 32
The same applies to the case of b. In this manner, in the method of the present invention, the encryption is not released unless mutual authentication is performed. For this reason, even if a digital signal is extracted from an intermediate bus, the encryption is not decrypted and the watermark section 34 cannot be finally bypassed, so that there is an effect that illegal removal and falsification of the watermark can be prevented.

Next, referring to FIG.
8 is received by the receiver 50 and descrambled by the second descrambler 51. If the compressed video signal 49 is compressed, it is decompressed by the MPEG decoder 52 and output. Part 53
It is output to the monitor 54 as a video signal 49a.

Next, the case of illegal copying will be described. The video signal 49a is recorded on the video tape 56 by the VTR 55, and a large number of illegally copied video tapes 56 appear on the world, violating the rights of the copyright holder. However, when the BCA of the present invention is used, a watermark is attached to both the video signal 49a and the video signal 49b reproduced from the video tape 56. Since the watermark is added in the frequency space, it cannot be easily erased. It does not disappear even through a normal recording and playback system.

Here, a method of detecting a watermark will be described with reference to FIG. Pirated videotape or D
A medium 56 such as a VD laser disk is reproduced by a reproducing device 55a such as a VTR or a DVD player, and a reproduced video signal 49b is input to a first input unit 58 of a watermark detecting device 57, and a first frequency such as FFT or DCT is input. The first spectrum 60, which is the spectrum of the illegally copied signal, as shown in FIG. On the other hand, the original original content 61 is input to the second input unit 58a, and is converted to the frequency axis by the first frequency conversion unit 59a, so that the second spectrum 35a is obtained. This spectrum is as shown in (2) of FIG. When a difference between the first spectrum 60 and the second spectrum 35a is calculated by the differentiator 62, a difference spectrum signal 63 as shown in (8) of FIG. 54 is obtained. This difference spectrum signal 63 is input to the ID detection unit 64. The ID detection unit 64 extracts the ID = n-th watermark parameter from the ID database 22 described in FIG. 51 at step 65 and inputs the parameter at step 65a. At step 65b, the spectrum signal and the difference spectrum signal 63 based on the watermark parameter are obtained. Compare. If they match in step 65c, it is known that the watermark is ID = n, so that in step 65d, ID = n is determined. If they do not match, the ID is n + 1
, The parameters of the watermark with ID = n + 1 are extracted from the ID database, and the same steps are repeated to detect the ID of the watermark. If the ID is correct, the spectra match as shown in (3) and (8) of FIG. Thus, the ID of the watermark is output from the output unit 66, and the source of the illegal copy is clarified.

By specifying the ID of the watermark in this manner, the source of the pirated disk or the contents of the illegal copy can be tracked, and the copyright is protected.

By using the system of the present invention in which the BCA and the watermark are combined, the same video signal is recorded on the ROM disk and the watermark information is recorded on the BCA, thereby realizing a virtual watermark. By using the playback device of the present invention, the system operator
As a result, a watermark corresponding to the ID issued by the content provider is embedded in all video signals output from the playback device. As compared with the conventional method of recording video signals having different water marks for each disk, an effect is obtained that the disk cost and the disk production time can be greatly reduced. The reproduction apparatus requires a watermark circuit, but the FFT and IFFT are common, so that the broadcasting apparatus does not impose a large burden.

Although the embodiment has been described using the water mark part of the spread spectrum method, it is needless to say that the same effect can be obtained by using another water mark method.

In the embodiment, a two-piece type DV is used.
Although the description has been made with reference to the ROM disk of D, the present invention can obtain the same effect on two bonded disks in general. ROM
Not only discs but also DVD-R discs and DVD-RA
The same recording characteristics and reliability can be obtained even when BCA is recorded on a bonded disc such as M. D for each description
The same effect can be obtained by replacing the data with VDR or DVD-RAM, but the description is omitted.

[0165]

As described above, according to the present invention, for example, marking is performed by a laser on a reflective film of a disk on which data is written, and at least the position information of the marking or the information related to the position information is provided by: This is an optical disk which is written on the disk in an encrypted or digitally signed form, whereby the anti-duplication capability can be further improved as compared with the prior art.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a disk manufacturing process and a secondary recording process according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2A is a top view of a disk according to one embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2B is a top view of a disk according to one embodiment of the present invention; FIG. (d) is a cross-sectional view of a disk according to an embodiment of the present invention. (e) is a waveform diagram of a reproduced signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a process of recording encrypted position information on a disc using a barcode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a disk creation step and a secondary recording step (part 1) according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a disk creation step and a secondary recording step (part 2) according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a view showing a step (part 1) of producing a two-layer disc according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a view showing a step (part 2) of producing a two-layer disc according to the embodiment of the present invention;

8A is an enlarged view of a bonded type non-reflective portion according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8B is an enlarged view of a single-plate type non-reflective portion according to an embodiment of the present invention.

9A is a reproduced waveform diagram of a non-reflective portion according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9B is a reproduced waveform diagram of a non-reflective portion according to an embodiment of the present invention. Waveform of the non-reflective part by using

10A is a cross-sectional view of a bonded type non-reflective portion according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view of a single-plate type non-reflective portion according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram based on the result of observing a cross section of a non-reflective portion according to an embodiment of the present invention with a transmission electron microscope.

12A is a sectional view of a disk according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 12B is a sectional view of a non-reflective portion of the disk according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13A is a diagram showing a physical arrangement of addresses of a regular CD according to the embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 13B is a physical arrangement of addresses of an illegally copied CD according to the embodiment of the present invention; Figure showing

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of disc creation and disc creation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a low reflection unit position detection unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating the principle of address / clock position detection of a low reflection unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a comparison diagram of a low reflection part address table between a regular disk and a duplicate disk according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a flowchart of disc verification by a one-way function according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a flowchart of a low reflection position detection program according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a detection waveform diagram of a first-layer marking signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 21 is a detection waveform diagram of a second-layer marking signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 22 shows the operation of the scramble identifier, the drive ID, and the disk I in the program installation of the embodiment.
Flow chart showing switching of D

FIG. 23 is a block diagram of a stripe recording apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24 is a diagram showing signal waveforms and trimming shapes in the case of RZ recording according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 25 is a diagram showing signal waveforms and trimming shapes when performing NRZ recording.

FIG. 26 is a diagram showing signal waveforms and trimming shapes in the case of PE-RZ recording according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a top view and a signal waveform diagram of a stripe of a disk according to an embodiment of the present invention.

28A is a perspective view of a light focusing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 28B is a diagram of a stripe arrangement and a light emission pulse signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;

29A is a perspective view of a light condensing unit to which an optical deflector according to one embodiment of the present invention is added, and FIG. 29B is a diagram of a stripe arrangement and a light emission pulse signal according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 30 is a view showing the arrangement of stripes on a disk and the contents of TOC data according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 31 is a flowchart for switching between CaV and CLV in stripe reproduction according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 32 is a diagram showing a stripe area and an address area of a disk according to an embodiment of the present invention.

33A is a data configuration diagram after ECC encoding according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 33B is a data configuration diagram after ECC encoding according to one embodiment of the present invention (when n = 1); FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an ECC error correction capability according to an embodiment of the present invention.

34A is a diagram showing the data structure of a synchronization code, FIG. 34B is a waveform diagram of a fixed synchronization pattern, and FIG.

35A is a configuration diagram of an LPF, and FIG. 35B is a waveform diagram after an LPF is added.

FIG. 36 (a) is a reproduced signal waveform diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 36 (b) is a diagram for explaining dimensional accuracy of a stripe according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 37 is a signal waveform diagram of a synchronization code and a laser emission pulse according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 38 shows a procedure for reading and reproducing TOC data according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 39 is a top view of a disc physically having a pinhole-shaped optical marking according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 40 is a top view of an anti-piracy optical marking according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 41 is a block diagram of a reproducing apparatus for controlling a rotation speed according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 42 is a block diagram of a reproducing apparatus for controlling a rotation speed according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 43 is a block diagram of a playback device for controlling a rotation speed according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 44 illustrates an anti-piracy algorithm according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 45 is a block diagram of a second level slice unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 46 is a waveform diagram of each part when the reproduction signal is binarized according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 47 is a specific circuit block diagram of a second slice unit according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 48 is a block diagram of another second level slice unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 49 is a specific circuit block diagram of another second slice unit according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 50 is an actual signal waveform diagram of each unit when the reproduction signal is binarized according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 51 is a block diagram of a content provider disc manufacturing apparatus and a system operator playback apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 52 is a block diagram of a disk manufacturing unit in the disk manufacturing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 53 is a block diagram of an entire retransmission device and a playback device on the system operator side according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 54 is a diagram showing a waveform on a time axis and a waveform on a frequency axis of an original signal and each video signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 55 is a block diagram of a receiver on the user side and illegal copying according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 56 is a block diagram of an illegal copy medium and a watermark detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 57 is a sectional view of trimming by a pulse laser according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 58 is a signal reproduction waveform diagram of a trimming unit according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 59 is a block diagram of a playback apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[Explanation of symbols]

Reference Signs List 3 contents 4 MPEG encoder 5 master making machine 6 master 7 molding machine 8 substrate 9 bonding machine 10 bonding disk 11 BCA disk 12 identification code 13 BCA recorder 14 encryption encoder 15 reflection layer forming machine 16 BCA data 17 PE modulation section 18 BCA Reference Signs List 19 disk manufacturing unit 20 encryption key 21 disk manufacturing device 22 ID database 23 system operator 24 PE modulator 25 reproducing device 26 ID generating unit 27 watermark creation parameter generating unit 28 retransmitting device 29 optical head 30 data reproducing unit 31 descrambler 32 Mutual authentication unit 33 MPEG decoder 34 Watermark unit 34a Frequency conversion unit 35 Frequency spectrum 36 Spectrum mixing unit 37 Inverse frequency conversion unit 38 ID number 39 BCA reproduction Reference Signs List 40 digital signature collation unit 41 IC card 42 output unit 43 MPEG encoder 44 encryption key (system operator) 45 second scrambler 46 transmission unit 47 compression parameter information 48 audio compression signal 49 video signal (with watermark) 50 receiver 51 2 descrambler 52 MPEG decoder 53 output unit 54 monitor 55 VTR 56 medium 57 watermark detection device 58 first input unit 59 first frequency conversion unit 60 first spectrum 61 original content 62 differentiator 63 difference spectrum signal 64 ID detection unit 65 Step 584 Low reflection section 586 Low reflection light quantity detection section 587 Light quantity level comparator 588 Light quantity reference value 599 Low reflection section start / end position detection section 600 Low reflection section position detection section 601 Low reflection section angle position Signal output section 602 Low-reflection section angular position detection section 605 Low-reflection section start point 606 Low-reflection section end point 607 Time delay correction section 816 Disk manufacturing step 817 Secondary recording step 818 Disk manufacturing step 819 Secondary recording step 820 Steps of the first software production 830 Encoding means 831 Public key encryption 833 First secret key 834 Second secret key 835 Synthesizing unit 836 Recording circuit 837 Error correcting encoding unit 838 Reed-Solomon encoding unit 839 Interleaving unit 840 Pulse Interval modulation section 841 clock signal section 908 serial number generation section 909 input section 910 RZ modulation section 913 clock signal generation section 915 motor 915 rotation sensor 916 collimator 917 cylindrical lens 918 mask 919 focusing lens 920 first Im slot 921 Second time slot 922 Third time slot 923 Stripe 924 Pulse 925 First recording area 926 Second recording area 927 ECC encoder 928 ECC decoder 929 Laser power supply circuit 930 Step 931 (in flowchart of CaV reproduction) 931 Optical deflector 932 Slit 933 Stripe 934 Sub-stripe 935 Deflection signal generator 936 TOC area 937 Stripe presence identifier 938 Additional write stripe part 939 Additional write stripe presence identifier 940 Step 941 (of flowchart for reproducing stripe presence identifier) Optical marking 942 PE- RZ demodulation section 943 LPF 944 Address area 945 Main beam 946 Sub beam 948 Stripe backside existence identifier 49 Stripe blank section 950 Scanning means 951 Data row 952 ECC row 953 Edge interval detection means 954 Comparison means 95 Memory means 957 Oscillator 957 Controller 958 Motor drive circuit 959 Bar code reading means 963 Mode switch 964 Head moving means 965 Frequency comparator 966 Oscillator 967 Frequency comparator 968 Oscillator 969 Motor

Continued on the front page (31) Priority claim number Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 8-211304 (32) Priority date Hei 8 (1996) August 9 (33) Priority claim country Japan (JP) (72) Inventor Kenji Koishi Osaka 1006, Kadoma, Kadoma, Fumonma-shi Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Inside Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A method according to claim 1, wherein said reflection film in a specific area of a specific radius of a recording area of said prepit signal of a ROM optical disk in which main data is recorded on said reflection film by a prepit signal is formed into a stripe shape which is long in a radial direction. An optical disk characterized in that sub-data subjected to phase encoding modulation is recorded in such a manner as to be superposed on the pre-pit signal by arranging a plurality of bar codes formed by removing the bar codes. 2. An optical disc manufacturing apparatus for removing an optical disc having a reflective film in a region of a specific radius and a specific angle by a laser, wherein a laser beam from a light source is irradiated by a cylindrical lens in a circumferential direction of the optical disk. By focusing on a rectangular optical pattern that is long in the radial direction of the optical disc, to form an image on the reflective film of the disc,
Based on the modulation signal from the phase-encoded modulation signal generation unit, the light source emits a pulse, and the optical disk or the laser light is rotated to provide a radially long region in a specific radius region on the reflection film. An optical disk manufacturing apparatus, wherein a plurality of rectangular reflection film removal regions are formed. 3. A motor is controlled in rotational phase in a main signal recording area in which an EFM or 8-16 modulation main signal including a main data or / and an address is recorded in a pit on an optical disk, and the main signal is recorded by an optical head. The main data is obtained by the first demodulation unit by reproduction, and a signal in which the sub data is phase-encoded modulated is provided in a sub signal recording area provided in a part of the main signal recording area on the optical disc. The sub-signal superimposed and recorded is reproduced as a reproduction signal by the optical head, and the main signal is suppressed from the reproduction signal by a frequency separation unit to obtain the sub-signal, and demodulated by a phase encode demodulation unit. An optical disk reproducing apparatus for obtaining the sub data. 4. A reproducing section obtains a reproduced signal reproduced from an optical head by a low frequency component separating means to obtain a low frequency reproduced signal in which a high frequency component of the reproduced signal is suppressed, and a second slice level setting section reproduces the reproduced signal. Generating a second slice level signal from the signal, and slicing the low-frequency reproduction signal with a slice level value of the second slice level signal in a second level slicer unit to obtain a binary signal; 4. The optical disk reproducing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the signal is demodulated by demodulation means for performing phase encoding demodulation, and the sub data is demodulated. 5. A second slice level setting section, wherein a sub-low frequency component separating means having a larger time constant is provided than a low frequency component separating means, and a reproduced signal or a low frequency reproduced signal is supplied to said sub-low frequency component separating means. A second slice level signal is obtained by inputting and extracting a frequency component lower than the low frequency reproduction signal, and the second slice level signal is used as a slice level value of a second level slicer. Item 4. An optical disk reproducing apparatus according to item 3. 6. An optical disk having a barcode portion formed by removing the reflective film on the reflective film of the optical disk, and having an identifier indicating the presence or absence of the barcode recorded in control data. 7. The optical disk according to claim 6, wherein two substrates are bonded as the optical disk.