JPH03502168A - Accommodative intraocular lenses and their series of lens systems - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] 2. Subject matter of the invention The present invention can be used as an alternative lens in the human eye when there is no crystalline lens. The excellent aspherical intraocular lens used and the series of this new lens, as well as the applicable Learn how to easily select the appropriate lens for a specific use from lens systems. do.

Intraocular lenses are used within humans after the crystalline lens has been removed, and are as follows: Used in one of three positions. # Between the posterior surface of the cornea and the anterior surface of the iris, When using an anterior chamber lens centered in front of the pupil, the iris plane is flush with the pupil. When using a lens and centered with respect to the pupil directly behind the iris When using a posterior chamber lens in a roller 1 The present invention relates only to the posterior chamber lens. be.

(prior art) Aspheric posterior chamber lenses are molded from homogeneous transparent plastic or glass and are mainly tick is used. Conventional posterior chamber lenses have two convex spherical surfaces, and There are also those with a convex spherical surface and a flat surface. -C 1in Corboresi 1in (Optic+al Radiation C The curvature of the anterior convex surface of the posterior chamber lens manufactured by The number decreases as you move toward the periphery.

The novel aspheric intraocular lens of the present invention is a posterior chamber lens having at least one convex It has a rotating aspheric surface, has an apex where the curvature derivative becomes 0, and a lens The refractive power of the lens surface continues to increase constantly in the optically active part from the apex toward the periphery. As the curvature increases from the apex to the periphery in the optically active part, It is designed to continuously increase at a constant rate.

The lens surface on the opposite side to this lens surface can be flat, convex, tetrahedral, or convex spherical. , may be a concave spherical surface, or may be a second convex rotating aspheric surface with the curvature peaking along the meridian. The lens surface may increase from a point toward the periphery.

The novel lens according to the present invention refracts at the optically active portion from the vertex to the peripheral direction. It is designed so that the rate continues to increase gradually and constantly, so the following effects can be achieved: Achieve. That is, the axial refractive error (axiat To correct the refractive error 02168 (3) to produce clear central vision during continuous changes in distance from one side to the other. That's what I did. In the latter case, far away is defined as 611, and is opposite, nearby, or reading. The distance is usually set at 40C from the eye, but it may be as close as 33CIB. .

In the present invention, this latter special intraocular lens function is particularly important for the physiological adjustment of the aphakic eye. It performs a similar regulatory function, and this function is hereinafter referred to as "regulation."

Figure 1 of the drawing shows the meridian of the aphakic horizontal type I used in the present invention, which is drawn to a certain scale. is a schematic cross-sectional view of the horizontal eye; Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the aphakic lateral limit drawn on a meridian line at a certain scale. The basic optical elements of the model clothing are shown schematically, and the novel aspherical intraocular lens of the present invention is shown. It is located centrally in the posterior chamber of the same transverse limit. : Figure 3 is a schematic partial cross-section on the meridian of the aphakic horizontal eye drawn to a certain scale. It is a diagram showing the relationship between the outer surface of the cornea and the inner surface of the cornea in the same horizontal clothing; Figure # & 4 shows the vertex curvature radius of the anterior surface of the cornea in the horizontal type of the ideal bear lens in emmetropia. This is a graph showing the posterior apex refractive power of the novel intraocular lens of the present invention with respect to: Figure 15 shows the path from the corneal apex to the sclera along the optical axis in the ideal aphakic horizontal eye. This is a graph showing the change in vertex curvature radius on a surface: Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conical ray that schematically shows a conical wedge-shaped light inside. Yes; Figures 7a and 7b are not drawn to scale; The two main functions of the novel aspheric intraocular lens of the present invention are: The ability to correct axial refractive error in the crystalline model limit and the same lateral limit in terms of near vision. represents the function of regulating; Figures 8a to 8f are drawn to a certain scale and show the novel aspherical intraocular surface of the present invention. Various aspects of the lens are shown in cross-section along the meridian.

Table 1 shows a series of lens systems in the novel intraocular lens of the present invention. ! go to represents the result of the measurement; Table 2 shows the results for each combination of small unit combinations of the novel intra-I lenses of the present invention. Representing the relationship between the length of the model eye and the posterior vertex refractive power of the intraocular lens; Table 3 shows the wedge-shaped light cone at the front surface of the novel intraocular lens of the present invention. represents the diameter of the object, the corresponding distance to the object surface, and the degree of adjustment.

(Aphakic horizontal type [) Design of novel posterior chamber intraocular lens X' (hereinafter abbreviated as new lens) in the present invention An aphakic model eye that can be defined geometrically and mathematically. He has devised an ideal model eye of crystalline bodies and has been using it. This model eye has anteroposterior wheels (ant It is rotationally symmetrical around the anterior-posterior axis) It is. The anteroposterior ring is the optical axis of the horizontal eye, and the anterior pole of the horizontal eye. Geometry that extends back and forth intersects the anterior corneal apex and the posterior external strong motion located at the and depolarization points, respectively. It is an academic circle.

Here, the portion of the optical axis between the anterior pole and the front surface of the retina is assumed to be the internal anterior and posterior ring.

Within the retina, there is a layer approximately 0.04 mm thick located approximately 0.20 mm from the front surface of the retina. There is a rod-cone layer that forms a photosensitive layer, and this photosensitive layer is sensitive to strong earthquakes by approximately 0.26 m- Coaxially located at the front. Therefore, the rod and cone layers are located within the retina, and correspond to the inner surface of strong motion. spaced apart from each other by about 0.30 mm and located coaxially with each other, and the inner front-rear axis spaced apart from the anterior pole of the horizontal eye by a distance equal to the length of the eye plus 0°20 mm. in position. Here, 0.02 spacing is the distance from the front surface of the retina to the rod and cone layers. Ru.

In this model, for the purpose of the present invention, both the convex anterior surface and the concave posterior surface of the cornea are prolate. The main axis of each front and back surface is the main axis. It should be coaxial with the above-mentioned longitudinal axis of the horizontal limit. The thickness of the cornea at its apex is 0.55 mm. , the thickness of one sclera is approximately 0.66 m, with a circumferential thickness of 0.85 mm.

The sclera joins the cornea at its base at the inner and outer arc corneal junction on the same axis and in the same plane. do.

The sclera of the cuneiform eye is spherical, and its center of curvature is the 0 sclera located on the optical axis of the transverse eye. The inner surface of the cornea protrudes in a cusp shape on the coaxial circumference and connects with the inner surface of the cornea. The iris extends inward, and a circular hole is provided in the iris on the same axis. posterior surface of the cornea The distance to the corneal base on the same plane as 3. 'O5m-, while the corner The distance from the apex of the convex outer surface of the membrane to the corneal base is 3.6 m.

By the way, the curvature of the front apex of the human cornea, special table 103-502168 (4) The circumference usually ranges from 6.80mm to 8.80mm, with most ranging from 7.20mm to 8.1mm. The radius of apex curvature at the front surface of the adult human cornea is 6.80 so, which is a value between 0m- It is rare to have a score of less than 8.80 and a score of 8.80-1 or more, and from an ophthalmological point of view, In the model eye of the present invention, which is a case of keratoconus, the anterior corneal apex Use the value from 6.80-Tsuru to 8.80-Zeng as the radius of curvature at the point, and The corresponding radius of curvature at the apex of the rear membrane is 7.33331 from 5.6667 m. The value of was used.

Regarding this specification, throughout the specification, the refractive index of each of the cornea, aqueous humor, and vitreous body will be referred to. The following numbers were used. J! II, 1.3763, 1.336° 1.336. Further, the refractive index of the retina was set to be the same as that of the vitreous body, that is, 1,336. 11 length When measured using ultrasound, the distance from the corneal vertex to the inner limiting membrane layer of the retina can be obtained. , the inner limiting membrane layer is extremely thin and its refractive index is unknown. Also, in the retina Although the thickness between the inner limiting membrane layer and the rod-cone layer is 0.2-, this also has a refractive index. is unknown. However, for Honmo-type eyes, the refractive index was assumed to be 1.336. .

In accordance with the present specification, the novel intraocular lens comprises a polymethyl methane with n=1.491. It will be formed from tacrylate. Polymethyl methacrylate is an intraocular lens It is the most commonly used material for glass, and is also used for other materials such as glass. This polymethyl Plastics having a different refractive index from methacrylate may also be used.

Plastics and glasses with various filter properties may also be used; Therefore, the novel lens of the present invention is made of optical materials limited to specific homogeneous optically transparent media and other It may be designed using materials that will be used in the future.

The basic optical elements of the aphakic horizontal suit described above are to measure the meridian of the model eye at a certain scale. It is schematically represented in FIG. 1, cut in section above. Figure 2 shows the model at a certain scale. This is a cross section on the meridian line seen through the optical system of the model eye, and this new lens is placed in the posterior chamber of the model eye. It is located at the center of the In this way, Figure 2 shows how to install a new lens. The optical system of the model eye is rotationally symmetrical, with the optical axes being rotationally symmetrical coaxial. It consists of a series of three aspherical lenses that are in contact with each other with their optical axes coaxial. The cornea is the first lens of the lens, and its refractive index is n=1.3763, and its convex shape The aspherical surface is in contact with the outside air, the refractive index is n-1,00-, and the portal aspherical rear surface is n = 1,336 aqueous humor contacts the front surface of the aspherical lens, and this relatively thick aqueous humor lens The rear surface of the lens is in contact with the front surface of the new lens, which is the third lens, through the iris. The lens has n=1,336 as shown in the figure, and the vitreous body on the posterior surface n=1,336. are in contact with each other. The diameter of the new lens to be implanted in this horizontal eye is approximately 6III. The diameter of the iris should be much larger than the normal diameter of 3.5 am. Therefore , the peripheral part of the new lens beyond the radius of approximately 4.5 am has no optical effect and is not a lens. They form merely a supporting part of the lenses themselves.

In this specification, it is stated that the present new lens has an increased curvature in the peripheral direction and an increased refractive power. However, the effect is limited to the part that produces the optical effect at the rear of the iris just mentioned. Therefore, there is no need to increase the curvature or refractive index in areas where there is no optical effect. On the contrary, it may be decreased.

All conventional posterior chamber intraocular lenses have a diopter in the eyeball. For example, 17.00 years old Putri, 17.50 years old Opry, i8.00 nooptry, 18°50 diopter, 19.00 diopter optries, 19.50 nobutries, 20.00 diopters...and so on. It's coming. In this conventional technology, the geometry of the intraocular lens used in eyes without a crystalline lens is The power factor is calculated by an equation determined by the lens's construction. This calculation For the cornea, aqueous humor, and vitreous, we use two basic limit measurements. Using a virtual refractive index of n=1.3375, furthermore, the intraocular lens of the present invention is Use the temporary standard distance to the front of the lens. Here, what is the basic eyeball measurement value? , diopter or curvature at the anterior corneal surface measured in keratoconus or cow I It is the value of the radius of the eyeball and the length of the eyeball from the anterior vertex of the cornea to the retina measured by ultrasound. A conventional 0-lens intralimital lens is placed coaxially in the posterior chamber of the limit, and is positioned precisely against the foramen. If the center is set at the above-mentioned standard distance from the front vertex of the cornea, the paraxial incident ray will be The parallel bundle enters the anterior surface of the cornea and is refracted, then passes through the pupil and is refracted into the intraocular lens. It is folded into the vitreous body and follows the focal point, which is located behind the anterior vertex of the cornea. , located at a distance of 0.2-1 plus the length of the eye as measured by ultrasound.

This means that the rod and cone layers in the retina are 0.2 cm far from the corneal apex. Taking into account the fact that It is something that

Calculate the power of the intraocular lens needed to correct the refractive error of an aphakic eye after surgery All conventional methods to increase the refractive index of the cornea, aqueous humor, and crystalline lens in the aphakic eye The numerical value n=1.3375 is assumed as shown below. In this way, the eye Using this assumed value of n for all transparent objects, it can be taken into account in the calculation process. The only refractive surface of I is the anterior corneal surface. Therefore, all of the aphakic eyes Using such a single virtual refractive index for the translucent material excludes the posterior corneal surface from the calculation. is the virtual position of the second focal point in an aphakic eye with a single refractive index, i.e., the anterior corneal vertex. The separation of the second focus from is simply expressed by the paraxial ray equation for a simple refractive surface If you use an appropriate virtual refractive index for calculation, you can obtain accurate focal aperture as described above. A numerical value can be obtained, but when calculating the power of the intraocular lens to be placed in an aphakic patient, , it can be said that using simple virtual numbers is effective, but my calculation According to calculations, the refraction for a fully transparent material is When calculating with a numerical value of refractive index of 1.3375, when comparing the calculated results, the refraction is The rate will be very inaccurate. Also, the eye has a predetermined length and a predetermined vertex curvature at the front surface. In calculations to determine the power of the intraocular lens required for a cornea with a radius If the cornea is not considered as a special lens, the calculated lens power will be inaccurate. Ru. Furthermore, axial refractive error ) and to design an adjustable intraocular lens, the cornea must be specially It should be thought of as a lens.

Mathematically, geometrically, and ideally, the human aphakic eye shown in Figure 1 devised by the present invention In the horizontal eye, a prolate spheroidal ellipsoid of revolution was used as the outer corneal surface of the horizontal eye. the The parameters of the ellipsoid, the radius of apex curvature and the eccentricity determine the size and shape of the outer corneal surface. The axial thickness and peripheral thickness of the cornea of the determined 0-eye model eye are each t = 0.55. −■ and q=0.85 m−, and the eccentricity on the outer surface of the cornea is e, t=o, so. and the outer corneal surface rc1 with respect to the vertex curvature radius of the inner corneal surface r-. The ratio of Lt is 615 As compared to The eccentricity of the elliptical inner surface of the cornea was measured at 6 degrees. First of all, as a first example, in this horizontal type limit Consider a cornea in which the apex radius of curvature of the corneal outer surface T6act is 7.7 -. and , calculated by the above ratio, intracorneal? The vertex curvature radius of I Yi is 6.416 7 m-, and the distance a from the apex of the outer surface of the cornea to the base of the cornea is 3°6-. , the gac from the apex of the inner surface of the cornea to the base of the same cornea is 3.05 m5+. The refractive index of the cornea of a type eye is set as hc/=1.3763, and the refractive index of the aqueous humor n&q and the vitreous body are The refractive indices ~i, are both 1°336.

Figure 3 shows a cross-section on the meridian of 11 corneal segments in this non-phakic eye. The intracorneal area at the corneal base shows the relationship between the outer surface of the cornea and the inner surface of the cornea, including the corneal base. The normal N passing through the surface makes a constant angle γ with respect to the optical axis XX' of the model suit.

The outer radius of the cornea, y, at the point where the outer corneal surface intersects the corneal base. 1t is shown and similarly The inner radius γ of the cornea is indicated by the angle where the inner surface of the cornea intersects the corneal base. I'm here.

P(xyy) is the point where the normal line intersects the outer surface of the cornea at coordinates x,y.

The distance q along the normal line represents the thickness of the peripheral cornea in the horizontal limit of 0.85.

The interval V is the difference in value at y minus 47, and h is the difference between d minus X. The equation of a rhinospheric conic curve that shows the distance, i.e., the curvature decreases from the vertex toward the periphery. The equation of the conic curve includes the cross section on the meridian of a prolate ellipsoid, a paraboloid, and a biwhite surface. It will look like this:

In this equation 1, y is y', aa, t, x is d, e is eO, Lt, If you change `` to otat, it will look like this:

Therefore, in Figure 3! ! From, ro, at=7.7w11t d=3, 61 1111e '6ait = 0, 5 am, so according to equation 2 above)' Calculating 0+aj yields 6.7614 -.

γ in Equation 1 above as well as in the embodiment of FIG. Using the value of 5t and the value of ea & 4t, Calculate the value of y for each calculation, and use the value of X and the calculated y value to calculate the following equation. Food search on a digital computer by obtaining the corresponding value of r using the formula The true value changes regularly between predetermined upper and lower limits.

Special table 13-502168 (5) Then, by calculating each in this bait search, the value of n can be obtained by the following equation.

hnd-x 4 Furthermore, when each calculation is performed in this bait search, the value of q is determined by the following equation.

In this food search, when the value of q reaches 0.85 mm, that is, the cornea in the above-mentioned Shin-type eye When q reaches the value of the thickness of the peripheral part of This means that the value of n has already been found. That is, in this embodiment, 49°41 80”, h has already been found, and its value is 0.5530mm. Become.

The value of V is determined by the following equation.

The value obtained from this formula is 0. It becomes 6456m-.

In this food search, when the value of q becomes equal to 0.85II■, the value of X is 3.0470 At m5, the value of y is 6°3215-, so the value of γ12 is given by the following equation: Desired.

Then, when calculated in this manner, '/Ey becomes 5.6759-, which is the eccentricity of the inner surface of the cornea. The degree is therefore calculated by the following equation.

According to this aspect, the obtained value of the eccentricity of the inner surface of the cornea of the model clothing is o, 5oss. Ru.

Obtaining the values of - and Cl3 in such a detailed manner indicates the size of the inner surface of the cornea in this type of eye. Once the texture and shape are completely determined, and the value of 47 is calculated, it is possible to determine the shape of the cornea. The horizontal size at the base of is also determined.

The diopters at the apex of the outer corneal surface in this horizontal eye are expressed as follows: It is obtained from the formula.

In this embodiment, the value thus obtained is 48.8701 years old.

The diopter at the vertex of the inner surface of the cornea in this model suit, p, is calculated from the following equation. i- Ru.

In this embodiment, the resulting value is -58°6439 diopters. corner Parallel bundles of paraxial rays incident on the anterior surface of the cornea are refracted by the anterior surface of the cornea; At the posterior point, the apex of the same cornea. Uh, the distance at this time is 1! ! i. 1t is determined by the following equation.

The value thus obtained is 28.1623 mm. The aforementioned point behind the cornea is , behind the inner corneal apex, 28.1623 to 0.55+ui or 27.　 It will be at 6123m.

In this wedge type I, the effective refractive power (eff) of the anterior corneal vertex at the posterior corneal vertex is active power) is obtained from the following equation.

In this equation, t is the corneal thickness at the optical axis. As a result, from this aspect The value obtained is 49.8436 diopters. Now, the inner surface of the cornea of this horizontal eye. Once the diopter is at its apex, the −58,64397 option is the effective diopter of the anterior corneal vertex at the posterior corneal vertex) Since it is already 49.8436;,' optry, the posterior vertex refractive power of the cornea D01. is obtained from the following equation.

Thus, the mouth obtained. The value of 7 is -8,8006 noopters.

The aqueous humor lens of this horizontal type has the same radius of curvature and 9 teeth as the posterior corneal surface of the same horizontal type, The diopter return 1 at the apex of the aqueous lens is as follows: Special Table 13-5021 68 (7) It is obtained by the formula.

The value obtained by this formula is 52.3636 geobtries.

Here, in this horizontal type limit, the negative posterior vertex refractive power of the corneal lens is When added to the positive apex power of the lens, the resulting diopter once [)eye becomes the following formula.

This gives a value of 43.5630 noopters.

In addition, in the conventional eye, the concentric ray bundle that passes through the aqueous humor and the vitreous and converges is , towards a focal point located at a distance i, behind the apex of the aqueous lens surface. , in this case, the i gate is obtained from the following equation.

Therefore, the value obtained by this formula is 30.6682-■.

The distance f of the focal point behind the front vertex of the cornea in this type of eye is calculated using the following equation: It will be done.

If we use Equation 1 to Equation 17 and perform the calculations above, we can find that the corneal lens of the honmo type eye It is possible to completely set the optical system of the same model clothing for any vertex curvature radius of the outer surface of the model. I can do it. Note that the same calculation method as the example of the calculation procedure described above can be applied to a digital computer. I programmed it on the tar. And the radius of apex curvature of the outer surface of the cornea is less than 6.80 mm. and a series of plural numbers in each unit between 8°80- and increments of 0.1- Aphakic model limits were set and these were calculated by the computer.

Thus, for the anterior surface of the cornea of this horizontal eye, Table 1 shows the radius of apex curvature, the eccentricity C 0LLt’Geo out’ effective diopters at the posterior corneal apex 'cer-tH l. Contest the yac1 tomoe, and the corresponding 0.11I so increments. a series of a plurality of apex curvature radii ranging from 6.80 m to 8.80 m Regarding the cornea, the vertex curvature radius Y; 7. Eccentricity e; 7. Ziop(re-once(’fy) c and the posterior vertex refractive power t'coyt of the corneal lens. Also, in Table 1, this Correspondingly, the aqueous humor lens has the same apical radius of curvature and eccentricity as the corneal lens. diopter carbonization 1, the posterior vertex refractive power of the cornea is diopters of the aqueous humor lens surface. The final diopter produced at the aqueous lens surface in conjunction with once p enters the cornea Concentric parallel light tf also ~ Measured from the aqueous humor lens surface apex with respect to the posterior focus -1 of the line bundle and its posterior focus. and the anterior corneal vertex, the value measured from σ', a1 + t, is f. Listed.　　゛ In the above-mentioned aphakic horizontal limit, in order to correct the refractive error, the prescribed intraocular lens The purpose is to find diopters once, but in this case the calculation requires a single diopter at the current state of the art. A virtual refractive index n=1.3375 is used. However, regarding the calculation of Dagu in Table 1, According to Table 1, the value of the virtual refractive index is not used for this wedge-shaped eye, but the true refractive index is used. If the vertex curvature radius of the front surface of the cornea of this model clothing is 7.7+s+m, the incident concentric The parallel ray bundle heads to a focal point 31.2181 m5 behind the apex of the posterior corneal surface.

Here, a single virtual refractive index of 1.3375 is set for this horizontal limit with a vertex radius of curvature of 7.7 mm. When applied, the secondary focus of the same model eye is 30.5148 mm, which is 31.2181 mm. -1, which results in an error of 0.7033 points. Therefore, we define a single virtual refractive index as In order for the applied aphakic model eye to have a secondary heat of 31.2181 m5+, α , its virtual refractive index must be 1°3274.

Aphakic model 11 according to the present invention! (see Figure 1) is geometrically divided into two parts. Divided into minutes.

In other words, before! and a posterior segment, and an aspherical corneal lens and an aspherical corneal lens in the anterior segment. The aqueous humor has an aspherical posterior surface and anterior surface that coincide with each other, and the pupil is on the same axis and the plane of the posterior surface is It consists of an iris that coincides with the base of the cornea where the cornea and the cornea join, The posterior segment of the eye consists of a spherical sclera, which houses the vitreous body. The vitreous body is in contact with the aqueous humor through the pupil, and the posterior surface of the vitreous body is in contact with the spherical inner surface of the retina. The retina is coaxial within the sclera, and the radius of curvature of the inner surface of the retina is within the sclera. It is 0.5- smaller than the surface, and the retina is located 0.2- smaller outside the inner surface of the retina. There is one layer of rod and cone layer qv, yeh vs. cup shaft number tJt. Whatever ls is, the radius of curvature of the spherical sclerovaginal Tscl. 9 is constant The size may vary within the range. In the past, special table 13-502168 (B) The following has been proven: That is, in a normal person's emmetropic eyes, the average point at the front corneal vertex is The radius of curvature is approximately 7.7 mm; The normal axial length of the eye is approximately 24.25 m on average, and When implanting an internal lens, the refractive power of the lens is approximately 19 diopters to achieve emmetropia. Therefore, regarding the above aphakic model limit, translucent bodies and intraocular lenses are As a result of calculations using the actual refractive index of The index radius was set to 7.71, and the novel intraocular lens of the present invention with a thickness of 1 mm was incorporated therein. So, if the posterior apex refractive power is 19.00 diopters, the corneal apex along the eye axis 24. 1247m - Closed, scleral cavity It has been found that emmetropic vision can be obtained when the radius of curvature of is set to 11.0472 m.

In such a model eye, the ratio of the radius of curvature of the scleral cavity to the radius of curvature of the vertex of the anterior surface of the cornea is 'rscltra/η. 71 units, and in this embodiment, 11.0047 units. 2/7, 7jiil, becomes 1.4347.

The above Yscleyx"hrne & ratio 1.4347 is the angle in this horizontal eye Assuming an ideal ratio in the normal range of the vertex curvature radius of the anterior surface of the membrane, a new intraocular The posterior apex of the intraocular lens is necessary when attaching the lens to achieve emmetropia in the same model. The refractive power must change according to the radius of curvature of the vertex of the anterior cornea of the wedge-shaped eye. do not have.

Figure 4 shows how to obtain emmetropia in the normal range of the vertex curvature radius of the anterior surface of the cornea. A graph showing the relationship between the posterior vertex refractive power of the new lens and the vertex radius of curvature of the anterior cornea. It is something that

Figure 5 shows the inside of the sclera from the anterior apex of the cornea along its geometric axis in the case of this type of stroke. The relationship between the length of the model eye extending to the surface and the vertex curvature radius of the front surface of the cornea in the same model limit is graphed. This is a rough illustration.

If rscltra/rcbrneth) ratio force is greater than 1-4347 In this case, when the wedge shape is different from the ideal customary crab uniform, as in the case of When the length is relatively longer than the vertex curvature radius of the anterior surface of the cornea, the vertex curvature of the same anterior surface of the cornea Ratio to the posterior apex refractive power of the intraocular lens in the emmetropic state of an ideal model eye with a radius of In the former case, the number of intraocular lenses in the emmetropic state of the model eye is reduced. Moreover, the above Ys If the ratio of C-1e j6/jcoY17wa is less than 1.4347, Intraocular radiation in the emmetropic state of an ideal model eye with the same anterior corneal apex 7g and radius (n s will increase.

If the length of the eye increases or decreases by 1/3I in one shell, the eye length increases or decreases accordingly. It is believed that the refractive state of 1 noopter changes per minute, and it has been published. but, Such sensory measurements are required when correcting refractive errors in aphakic eyes. Intraocular Lens Therefore, we conducted an investigation and obtained the results (see Figure 4). , in this ideal aphakic model limit, the vertex curvature radius of the anterior surface of the cornea is set to 8 from 6.8-1. ．． When varied over a range of 8 - It is clear that the posterior vertex refractive power of the intraocular lens changes significantly; In a model eye having a predetermined vertex radius of curvature, "5cle-r^/YOY Each time the ratio of the eyes changes, the length of the eye changes significantly at a rate of increase or decrease for each unit. In other words, the rate at which the posterior vertex refractive power of the intraocular lens increases or decreases to achieve emmetropia. It can be seen that the radius of curvature of the vertex in front of corner II is 7°7 Therefore, the posterior vertex refractive power frr1 of the intraocular lens that cannot be installed is OO noobtree. In the aphakic habitual type, the length of the eye extending from the apex of the cornea to the inner surface of the sclera along the circumference When is 24.4130-■ (that is, 0.2883 mm longer), the emmetropia state is obtained. In addition, if the posterior vertex refractive power of the intraocular lens is 18 diopters, this model If the length of the mold limit is 24.4130m- (i.e. 0.2883m-long) ), resulting in emmetropia. Also, the posterior vertex refractive power of the intraocular lens is 20 diop) +7- If the length of the model clothes is 23.8449mm (i.e. 0.2798mm) If it is shortened), it becomes a state of emmetropia. Extends along the ll axis from the corneal apex to the inner surface of the sclera When the length of the horizontal eye is 22.8026v+*, this eye's! l! , i! - is 0.2497 theory - has increased, which causes the eye to become emmetropic. The rear part of the inner lens, the refractive power, changes by 2 diopters. (jllllchi, after The peak refractive power is from 24.00 diopters to 23,00 diopters. ) On the other hand, the eye length of the horizontal eye is 25. When the distance is 6575 m, the length of the eye is 0°3258-■ will decrease, therefore, the intraocular lens to achieve emmetropia The posterior apex power of the lens changes by 1 diopter. (That is, the posterior vertex refractive power is 14 ．． 00 diopters to 15.00 noopters. ) Therefore, the present aphakic Special table Hei 3-502168 (9) In the model, the posterior vertex flexion of the intraocular lens X required to correct emmetropia The folding obscurity has non-linear characteristics with respect to the length of the same model, and In an eye with a given vertex radius of curvature, require different values for the emmetropic state The diopter of the intraocular lens is relatively short compared to those with relatively long eyes. make a big change.

In the case of a critical lens model, if the vertex curvature radius of the anterior cornea is 6.8 mm, it is difficult to attach it. The rate of change in the posterior apex power of an intraocular lens that has been This results in a rate of change as high as 5 diopters.

On the other hand, according to the horizontal eye, if the vertex radius of curvature is 8.81, the intraocular lens The rate of change in posterior apex power is 2 noptres for every 11 changes in eye length. This results in a very low rate of change.

By the way, in terms of correcting refractive error in aphakic eyes, the necessary size of an intraocular lens is The circumstances surrounding the various formulas for calculating optri-degrees are complicated at the current state of the art. Because it uses a single virtual refractive index, the cornea is not treated as a lens. , resulting in incorrect values when calculating clothing length and the need for an intraocular lens. Since the incorrect calculation value comes out in diopters at a time, I thought as follows. 1 jJJ, an appropriate person who calculates the predetermined posterior vertex refractive power of the novel intraocular lens of the present invention. The method introduces the real refractive index in a transparent material limited to the heavy-state lens model, and Along with the lens, you can program it on a digital computer and use the lens you have already done. In combination with the refractive index and various calculations, the paraxial ray equation is used. In this calculation, the vertex curvature radius T of the anterior surface of the cornea. L4t is 6.81 Calculations were performed sequentially for a series of corneas from 8.81 to 8.81 in 0.1-steps.

Then, for each of such a series of vertex curvature radius values, the ultrasonically measured The range of length l　w+trx and the length of the eye up to the rod and cone layer of the retina. 1. □ As a result of calculating 6, the rear apex power of a series of new lenses for the value of Wtont IYope (determined at intervals of 1/2 diopter with respect to the value of enlightenment, from 20■ Therefore, if the value of 'y6dcah is small, Yogt The value of will also decrease accordingly, and if the value of 1roILcohe increases, r . , the value of A7 also became that much larger. Furthermore, the new invention can be applied to aphakic eyes. When supplying a standard lens, IY-04coh4 is 0.20+s @ length for 1 temperature If you do not calculate the rodcon for the lens to be used due to the In this case, we introduce 1 μ (←^), which is the length of the eye.

As mentioned above, in order to achieve emmetropia in this aphakic lateral patient, a new lens was used. Although the rear apex refractive power (predetermined) was calculated, the digital computer also This new model was developed by programming line equations to represent an actual human aphakia. The lens in the standard is constant over the entire range of its apex radius of curvature and the corresponding length of the garment. Computer calculations were performed to design a design that could be adjusted.

Therefore, physicians should contact manufacturers or medical distributors that have this new lens in stock. Then, the apex white rate radius of the eye where the lens will be placed is 'cue and V [length'] + alha. All you need to do is to specify the R and Lenses indicated by the value of L are sorted from inventory, packaged, and the selected Y and 1 The value of 0 and the posterior apical power are indicated on the label and delivered to the physician, e.g. The numerical value t prescribed by the doctor can be displayed as 7.71■1 to 23.60■. Also , for lenses procured to doctors, r = 7.70 mso/, 1 = 23.62, B V P (posterior vertex refractive power) = 19. It may be labeled as OOD, or it may be labeled as OOD. The posterior apex power of an intraocular lens may be calculated by the physician, but it depends on the lens design and The posterior vertex refractive power is strictly the value of r and 1 of the lens specified by the doctor, so the doctor must calculate it. Therefore, it is possible to use the true refractive index for each of the transmissive bodies to perform the given calculations. Therefore, the design and diopter of the lens to correct or adjust axial refractive error Lee is already set up using only the two parameters prescribed by the doctor, r and 1. This means that it has been established.

In actual use, the lens system of the present intraocular lens consists of a range or a series of small units. It is divided into several subsets of lenses, and each small unit of lens combinations is The predetermined Y is set. A series of lens systems are constructed by classifying the lenses in correspondence with each other. in this case, Each lens in such a combination of small units has a predetermined γ. Furrowed and Husband Each ', Altya is defined, and the range of 'LLlta values in that combination is determined. The BVP of each lens is defined within the range.

Specifically, if there is a combination of lenses in a certain small unit, they are arranged vertically. Prepare a shelf consisting of drawers, and set this to parameter T6. identified by At , hold the lenses in this shelf in order Table 3-502168 (10) It may be piped. Each drawer has the T. □ f equivalent to seven and the corresponding small unit to Blur in combination with 1□(Display and identify the BVP values in the order of tvts=(, Now, Regarding the lens system mentioned above, the basic value shown to the doctor also includes the vertex curvature radius of the anterior surface of the cornea. The range of , can be divided into a large number of small numerical values in the same way as the range of the eye length Ll+r>. It is.

Therefore, each lens has a specific 41. Doctors differentiated by the parameters of and 'ajtr& We have a large number of lenses in stock with parameters that are very close to those specified by the instructor. It can be stored as.

In Table 2, the numerical values of some small unit combinations of the above lens system in the present invention are shown. The values of owt and L(tr) are summarized in a table in order. From this table, one lens In the small unit combination of 0.50 diop of the rear vertex refractive power of the lens) +7- The value of ILLXt7 changes in order for the value expressed by the interval (, this lens The intermediate value in the small unit combination is “5c(era　/”coynttpz When the ratio of 1.4347 is 1.4347, this is the value calculated for the ideal aphakic eye. this 1゜ (all numbers 12 higher and 12 lower than the median value of the mind are the true ideal) Values for the aphakic horizontal type, where the length of each eye is shorter and longer than the aphakic type limit. becomes.

The number of lenses in this lens system is 525.

If you want to increase the specificity of this new lens, you can increase the number of lenses in the series. Also, increase the number of values between 6.81 and 8.8mm, and the same lens small unit combination The numerical interval of the rear apex refractive power in the alignment is changed from 0.50 diopters to 0.25 diopters. It is to reduce to obtly. However, “o, A” for keratoconus and There is a limit to the accuracy of measuring t, and there is a limit to the accuracy of measuring sea songs using ultrasound Increasing the number of lenses in a lens system cannot be guaranteed due to the be.

(adjustment) Although the term accommodation is used herein, This meaning indicates that the novel intraocular lens of the present invention is used for retrogradation of the human eye. ffl distance, i.e., from a distance to a reading distance of about 40e- or less. This means clear central vision at all intermediate distances. Since the new lens has a fixed shape, it does not respond to the normal physiology of the human crystalline lens. It does not constantly change the shape of the lens as in the case of optical adjustment, but the light of the lens itself. This adjustment is achieved by utilizing the chemical properties.

As previously mentioned, the novel intraocular lens of the present invention has a Designed so that the refractive power increases regularly and gradually from the central axis toward the periphery. Using six aphakic horizontal limiters, it can be programmed on a digital computer. As a result of research against the ray tracing equation in gram, the following lens design was found. Each of the new lenses of the present invention was able to obtain the increase in refractive power necessary for accommodation.

1. The front surface is convex and the rear surface is flat, with curvature and refractive power continuing from the central axis to the periphery. A lens that increases regularly.

2. The rear surface is a convex spherical surface, and the curvature and refractive power continue from the central axis toward the periphery. A lens that increases regularly.

3. Both the front and rear surfaces are convex, and the curvature and refractive power continue from the central axis toward the periphery. A lens that increases regularly.

4. The front surface is flat and the rear surface is convex, with curvature and refractive power continuing from the central axis toward the periphery. The lens increases regularly.

5. The front surface is a convex spherical surface and the rear surface is convex, with curvature and refractive power increasing from the central axis toward the periphery. A lens that increases continuously and regularly.

6. The front surface is convex and the rear surface is a concave spherical surface, with curvature and refractive power increasing from the central axis to the periphery. A lens that increases continuously and regularly.

All of the above embodiments of the present invention have the characteristic that the refractive power increases in the peripheral direction, and are suitable for non-phakic eyes. When installed on the rear door, central vision becomes clear and accommodation can be performed.

However, each of the above factors, such as the degree of astigmatism caused by the adjustment mechanism and the influence of peripheral vision, The embodiments differ somewhat depending on the optical properties. Therefore, we calculated the ray tracing and output From the above values, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is one in which the front surface of the lens is convex among the embodiments listed above. The back surface is a convex aspheric surface, and the curvature and refractive power continue from the central axis toward the periphery. The amount increases in a regular manner.

Taking actual use into consideration, the lens design can be narrowed down to one of two options.0 For example, if you fit a plane (two curved surfaces) and a rotating aspherical surface with increasing curvature, By making the new lens of the present invention easier to manufacture, , costs can be reduced. Also, use a lens with a flat or circular rear surface. If used, a film extending 8 meters behind the implanted lens and opacity may occur. 8 (11) This can reduce damage to the lens when removing the particles with a laser. death However, considering these two problems, instead of the previous good practice, A positive aspheric surface with increasing curvature and refractive power in the side direction is used for the front surface, and a flat or concave rear surface is used. It may be better to use the surface.

(Chojm! Logical basis of Noh) In the above aphakic model, the parallel ray bundles whose optical axis and principal ray coincide are the same horizontally. Let us first consider the case where the light is incident on the model eye and is reflected by it.

At this time, the incident parallel ray bundle is a main horizontal eye with a diameter of about 3.5 mm coaxial with the optical axis. The range of incidence can be narrowed by the iris.

Generally, the optical surface is the tip of a prolate ellipsoid, and the eccentricity of the ellipse is If the ratio is the refractive index of the body divided by the refractive index of the second medium, then the optical surface is incident It is known that there is no aberration for coaxial parallel light beams. Limit the corneal translucent body On the outer surface of the cornea as a refractive surface, the amount required for apl@naticism is The eccentricity is considered to be 1/1.3763 JIlI or 0,7266.

However, when the inner surface of the cornea is taken into account, the eccentricity of the outer corneal surface is required to be even higher. required.

Whereas the eccentricity of the convex outer corneal surface of a phakic wedge-shaped eye is just 0.50, , the eccentricity of the concave inner surface of the cornea in the concave type eye decreased from 0.467 to 0°547 and 0.50. The values are close to each other, and in the embodiment already described in this specification, the eccentricity is o, 5oss. Up The pure state when the ray bundle enters the aqueous humor and the ocular body through the corneal lens of the wedge-shaped eye. The refractive effect is only a fraction of the residual spherical aberration.6 The novel intraocular lens of the present invention has the following features: Since the refractive power increases greatly from the center to the periphery, as defined above, It is possible to provide the optical system of the model clothing with the increase in refractive power necessary for adjustment.

Now, from a single light source, light energy is emitted equally in all directions. Is this the light source point? Suppose that the light flux emitted from the light source enters a relatively small circular hole coaxial with the light ray from the light source, If this circular hole is located at a relatively long distance from the light source, the light flux will be relative to the position of the hole. and is transported evenly. Such a light source point is a horizontal eye with an iris of 4 or less. The light energy from this light source point, which can be considered to be a light source approximately 40 cm away, reaches the hole. It is emitted in a conical shape.

Then, in the hole, an optical system acts on the conical light to focus the light. 6th The diagram schematically depicts a cone-shaped diverging ray confined by a circular hole, i.e. a full cone. I tried it. Two sets of dashed lines emanating from the light source point were placed within this light cone.

Let the set outside each dashed line represent the elements of the outer light cone, and the set inside the dashed line Let the set of represent the elements of the inner cone. These outer light cones and inner fillers The light rays emitted from the light source point are placed between the cone and the cone. edge of light).

In the circular hole forming the base of such a full cone, the outer light circle in the wedge collecting cone The cone is the width of the cone's cross section. The average diameter of the wedge cone is calculated using the following equation: I can't stand it.

Here we need to define what focus is.

The novel lens of the present invention continues regularly and gradually in the peripheral direction along the meridian. As the refractive power increases, the optical system with the new lens is limited to an aphakic model. There is no geometric focus on the light source point as the import point for a given import area in become. However, the minimum cross-sectional area centered on the optical axis, that is, the rays from the coaxial area or is the focal point of the zero horizontal eye where the light flux is most condensed and concentrated. Concentric parallel light beams surrounding the optical axis are incident, refracted by the cornea and aqueous humor, and have a diameter of about 3. When the rays pass through the 51 iris and are refracted by the new lens, the refracted rays become the new Light is emitted from a central area with a diameter of approximately 1.5 mm on the rear surface of the lens and is concentrated. The minimum cross-sectional area centered on the academic axis is approximately 0.002 m in diameter. I of the proverbial single retinal receptor This approximately corresponds to the size of the t-end. What is the 0.002-m diameter of the single retinal receptor? A unit receptor is a turtle, which is , the size of the central part of the rear surface of the new lens of the present invention that sends light only to the unit receptor area. This is the part that is regulated. In addition, the new lens back surface (rust reduction) that sends light to the unit receptor area The cross-sectional width of the light cone is further intermediate or closer to its receptor area. In addition, the cross-sectional width is It decreases peripherally at about 3/4 am in the core.

Therefore, in this horizontal eye with a new lens implanted, the axial object point light is The maximum luminous flux emitted from the source is in the rod and cone layers of the retina. 8 (12) When focusing on the unit receptor area, this model limits the focus with respect to the on-axis object distance. I can say that it was.

Also, the on-axis object point light source is far away, that is, more than 6 inches away, and the main point light source is located at that distance. It can be said that this is a state of emmetropia of type I.

As already mentioned, in the emmetropic state, towards the unit receptor area of the rod and cone layer The only light emitted is from the center of the new lens, which has a diameter of 1.5 mm.

Therefore, other lights that can be refracted out of the incident concentric parallel ray bundle coming out from the rear surface of the new lens. The line does not enter the focal point, but instead enters a large number of retinal receptors surrounding said unit receptor area in the optical axis. are widely dispersed and thus emanate from separate on-axis light sources, contributing to the surrounding background illumination. At low values of The image projected onto the layer is obtained as a pure effect. By the way, the horizontal eye in emmetropia The concentric ray bundles incident on the cornea of For example, at a distance of 40c-, if the object diverges from the α light source, the front The on-axis light source point is located behind the rod and cone layers of the retina. Then, this new lens The area is the center of the posterior surface, that is, the area that provides light to the unit receptor area in the rod and cone layer. However, the new lens At the rear surface, the light emerges in a coaxial annular portion, that is, a wedge cone. , sharply focusing on the unit receptor area of the rod and cone layer. In other words, W , the near light source point as described above and the unit receptor area form a coaxial annular portion or comb of the light. This means that they are integrated through the light convergence cone. It appears from the back of the new lens. Other light rays do not enter the focus and are dispersed to surrounding retinal areas. Therefore, a separate axial light source emanating from a point, with the size of a unit receptor area under low values of ambient background illumination, An extremely sharply focused image projected onto the rod and cone layers is obtained as a pure effect.

The refraction of the wedge cone cone described above can be achieved by using the new lens of the present invention to make this model clothing look emmetropic. at a single axial light source point located at a relatively short distance of about 40 cm from the conventional limit. It is against.

Here, in the case of a large number of light source points off-axis, in other words, the optical axis of this model in the emmeber state For a large number of off-axis optics at relatively close separations originating from a plane perpendicular to , α , the wedge cone emanating from each of its extra-ring optical points is It is refracted in a manner similar to the refraction of a single axial ray point. In this case, it is slightly different This means that each off-axis wedge cone loses its circular shape when it enters the cornea. and the same (the part of the cornea where the rust convergence cone enters moves slightly in the direction of the off-axis light source point) Is Rukoto.

The plane formed by this large number of light source points constitutes the plane of the object, and is a novel object of the present invention. If it can be an object that can be seen in this model with a lens in place and in a normal state of vision, then the light source The intensity of the light may be varied, and various conventional treatments may be used.

The details of this model are such that it is possible to correct axial refractive error, that is, to move the strong backlight to the optical axis. The shank portion of the novel lens of the present invention is brought along and close to the shank portion. It has the function of providing clear long-distance vision in a straight line ahead. on the other hand , the circular part close to or close to the small part in the sclera is the refraction of the new lens. Since the force increases toward the periphery, it is possible to It is refracted at the intermediate object plane or near object plane, and the light is clearly reflected on the specified object plane. It has the function of giving you better near vision.

For an on-axis light source point, and the light source, r:1. One of the light sources from the object plane, which also includes For each item, calculate the average diameter of the wedge light cone at the front surface of the cornea of this model clothing. Then, it is a function of both the distance of the novel aspherical lens of the present invention and the object surface.

That is, the larger the distance to the object plane, the smaller the average diameter of the wedge cone. Therefore, as the refractive power of the new lens of the present invention in the peripheral direction increases rapidly, the average directivity increases. The diameter becomes smaller. Note that the wedge cone is incident on the outer surface of the cornea, and the light on the outer surface of the cornea is The diameter of the outer circumference of the cone, which helps produce near vision, is usually greater than 3.8-1 In other words, the diameter is approximately the diameter of the entrance pupil of the model clothing, and the entrance The pupil is the distance between the corneal lens and the aqueous water that expands the actual pupil slightly relative to the r distance of the object plane. This is an image of a pupil that has been made very large.

Figures 7a and 7b show the meridian of the same horizontal eye with the novel lens of the present invention inserted. This is a drawing showing the two functions of the new lens, namely axial stability in distance vision. It schematically represents the correction of refractive error and the accommodative effect on near vision.

In FIG. 7a, a bundle of concentric parallel rays including an axial ray is incident on the cornea, and the corneal lens and It is refracted by the aqueous humor, passes through the iris, and is refracted by the novel lens of the present invention. ing. After these series of refractions, the new lens has a diameter of approximately 1,000 mm at the rear surface. 3-502168 (13) 5. The light rays emerging from the center of the soso, that is, the focused ray bundle traveling toward the retina, It is located at the center of the concentric parallel ray bundle. The part of the ray bundle that undergoes such refraction and is focused In the rod and cone layers of the retina, the smallest cross section, that is, the diameter of about 0.002-1. This corresponds to the size of the unit receptor area. By the way, the corresponding part of the incident ray flux The light rays surrounding the central focused light ray part are connected to the numerous retinas around the retina. Figure 7a shows that only a very small amount of light is transmitted to each receptor group. In the aphakic model eye with a standard lens, it showed clear emmetropia with far distance vision. vinegar.

In Figure 7b, a divergent concentric ray bundle emitted from a near efferent ray source point is incident on the cornea. is refracted by the corneal lens and the aqueous humor lens, passes through the iris, and further emits the light of the present invention. refracted by a new lens. In such a divergent concentric ray bundle, the above series After refraction, the periphery forms a full cone converging from the back surface of the new lens toward the retina. Contains a wedge cone. This kind of focusing wedge cone is what drives the retina. In the rod-cone layer, the smallest cross section, i.e., the unit receptor area of approximately 0.002 m in diameter. It will be equivalent to . Incidentally, the incident cone other than the focusing wedge convergence cone is It is refracted by the novel lens of the present invention, directed toward a point behind the retina, and directed toward a point at the back of the retina. dispersed widely into the retinal receptor groups, with the result that each of the peripheral retinal receptor groups Figure 7b shows that the new lens of the present invention is used in the horizontal eye. The model clothes obtained by attaching the model clothes to Indicates a state of accommodation and good near vision.

Defeat to the light lens With the new lens of the present invention, visual acuity becomes clear at 40e-, and as mentioned above, 2 ．． It has an adjustment function of 5 noopters (1 meter divided by 40e-), Designed to provide clear vision for normal reading distances of 16 inches has been done.

Also, in the aphakic model used, the pupils mentioned in Figure 6 and in the explanation above Referring to the average radius of the wedge cone at the hole, the novel lens of the present invention has this with respect to the rust convergence cone, the Y coordinate, i.e. the distance transverse to the axis of the same lens; The value of Y is equivalent to b/2, which is 1.7-tai in the normal case, and the new record The corresponding wedge cone emerging from the rear surface of the lens is The rod-cone layer of the membrane is brought into focus, thereby , the rod-pyramid layer becomes conjugate on the object plane at 40e- from the limit of this model. .

To achieve the above, the refractive power is a requirement for designing the new lens of the present invention. In order to obtain an exaggerated adjustment function by increasing the At least one of the lens surfaces is aspherical and has curvature and refractive power in the peripheral direction. The goal is to make it increase. In addition, the same lens has a change in refractive power at its center. Minimize distance vision to obtain clear distance vision, and distance from the axis of the lens to the periphery. The more the eye is exposed, the more the refractive power increases, allowing clear intermediate and near vision. is necessary.

Such an aspheric surface with increasing curvature and optical power in the circumferential direction is At each point, the coordinate value can be calculated mathematically using the following formula.

In this formula, A = 2r, B = (e2-1) 仄PεX , e is the eccentricity at the apex of the aspherical surface, and C, D, and E are each X , X is an integral coefficient or non-integral coefficient of X, and 9*Qt2 is the integral of X is an exponent or non-integral exponent, where ' is a value in the range of 5- to 150-, and e is The value ranges from 0°0 to 4.0, and at least one of C, D, and E is It is assumed that it is not zero, and the value of CSD%E is in the range of 0.0 to ±9, and pvQvZ ranges from 0.5 to 6.0, and the first equation in parentheses is the equation for the quadratic curve. , When the curvature and refractive power of the aspheric surface of the new lens appear in the peripheral direction, while the value without parentheses can be combined with This function has the function of changing the equation of the quadratic curve.

By the way, as a specific embodiment of the new lens of the present invention, the following lens is already mentioned. Consider the aphakic modest limit. Yo ant = 7° 7mm, f = 31 ．． 2181. Regarding the model eye already used as the first embodiment (see Table 1), Therefore, the novel lens of the present invention requires a back-up apex power of 19.00 diopters. did. This was done to compensate for the lack of refractive power and to obtain emmetropia. As a preferable embodiment, it is preferable to have the following parameters. 3-502168 (14) The diameter is 6-1, the thickness at the center is 1-1, and the radius of curvature and refractive power at the front are each 2. 1.3793mm, 7.25 diopters, and the radius of apex curvature at the back surface and the refractive power is 13.2314 mm, 11.7146 noopters, and the front surface is a positive sphere. The rear surface is a positive rotating aspherical surface having a navel apex where the curvature derivative is zero. If we use Cartesian coordinates with the rear surface as the origin, the rear surface itself will be in the above direction. Expressed by Equation 19, the coefficients A%B, C%D and E of this equation and the index pt Using actual values for q*Z, Equation 19 becomes:

As explained above mathematically, the novel lens is a preferred embodiment of the novel lens of the present invention. In this amorphous horizontal eye designed for this lens, the same lens The axial refractive error is completely corrected, and at the same time the perspective fault continuously changes from far to near. You can maintain clear central vision while Here, "near" means inserting a new lens. It is 40 cm away from the model limit.

By the way, with this new lens, as its refractive power increases toward the periphery, constant meridional astigmatism that increases in the same peripheral direction gmatiss) occurs. As a result of this astigmatism, the smaller the cross-section with the object plane, the more , the effective cross-sectional width of the wedge-shaped light cone at the back surface of the lens gradually decreases, and the wedge-shaped light cone gradually decreases. The associated average diameter of the cone increases. However, when such astigmatism occurs However, the contrast of the image perceived by the retina is sufficient, so intermediate vision and near vision are The power will be good.

Figures 8a, 8b, 8c, 8e and 8f illustrate the preferred embodiments described above. Various aspects of the novel lens of the present invention are drawn to scale, including: Which! ! , the curvature and refractive power of at least one of both surfaces of the lens increases in the peripheral direction. Therefore, the lens continues to increase its refractive power regularly and gradually in the peripheral direction, and Accommodates distance and distance in a model eye.

Model limits of the above-mentioned embodiments, i.e. r = 7.7 mm 5 f = 31.2181 - the proverbial one Using , each of the numerous aspects in FIG. The refractive power must be approximately 19.00 diopters, and the refractive power of each embodiment lenses increase in curvature and optical power peripherally for the same degree of accommodation. It is necessary to have at least one rotational aspheric surface that is properly defined mathematically. Ru.

In Figure 8a, the rear surface of the lens is flat and the front surface is aspheric, and the following formula is used. stipulate.

In Figure 8b, the rear surface of the lens is spherical and the front surface is aspheric, and it is determined by the following formula. Melt.

In FIG. 8c, the front surface of the lens is aspherical and is determined by the following equation.

Furthermore, if the rear surface is aspherical, it is determined by the following formula.

In Figure 8d, the front surface of the lens is flat and the rear surface is a convex aspherical surface, defined by the following formula. Ru.

’)/2 (IL3IS8X, -χsujitsu, otohiki gx””+, qtx!2-3x ``$8 In the figure e, the front surface of the lens is a convex spherical surface, and the rear surface is a convex aspheric surface. Therefore, it is determined by the following formula.

7 mouths (No. 4. Medium 8χ1δ −7χ In Figure 8f, the rear surface of the lens is a convex spherical surface and the front surface is an aspherical surface, and the following equation is shown. Defined by.

As mentioned above, all the aspects shown in Figures 8a to 8f are embedded in this model in a straight-looking state. It performs an adjustment function when it is connected. However, the embodiment of Figure 8e is preferred. This is something that is covered extensively in this specification.

13, regarding the new lens shown in Figure 8e above attached to the aphakic model suit, Given a set of average diameters of the wedge cone at the front surface, the corresponding focal acuity is The distance in centimeters between the object plane and each distance of the object -502168 (15) List the corresponding degree of adjustment in units of quadrature that the new lens makes. Ta. Here, the degree of adjustment is calculated by taking the reciprocal of the distance to the object surface in meters. I got it by calculating.

Note that the average diameter of the series of wedge cone cones in Table 3 is for reference only. , does not mean that the adjustment is carried out in stages.

Accommodation with the novel lens of the present invention is continuous and regular over all distances, near and far. It is gradual and gradual.

Throughout this specification, an aphakic scoop-shaped eye has been used for descriptions and calculations, but this model eye It was designed to represent the human aphakic eye as much as possible, so it is not a model eye. Using the calculated values obtained from stomach.

Further, the diameter of the new lens of the present invention may be from 4.5 to 7, and the diameter of the new lens may be from 4.5 to 7. Thickness at the center of the lens, the thickness of which may be other than 1 ms, which is conveniently used herein. The value is generally in the range of 0.65 to 1.00 degrees below 1 degree. Furthermore, the corner The distance from the front apex of the membrane to the front surface of the new lens is generally considered to be good.3,6- For example, 4 m- may be used without departing from the purpose and characteristics of the present invention. stomach.

Table 3 shows the basic principles of a series of lens systems in the new lens of the present invention. data and do not represent the final data. In other words, all numbers in Table 3 are The thickness of the lens is 1-1, and the distance from the front apex of corner ll to the new lens is 3°6. -, and was calculated. Therefore, the duality of lens thickness and lens distance is If either one (or ν) is changed, the numerical values in FIG. 3 will also change somewhat.

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 international search report

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. Corrects axial refractive error in post-surgical aphakia and corrects accommodation defects. An intraocular lens for humans, made of a homogeneous and transparent optical material, The crystalline crystal is settled in the posterior chamber of the eye, and the refractive power increases continuously and regularly in the peripheral direction; 4. It has a diameter between 5mm and 7mm and a thickness between 0.65mm and 1mm. , at least one surface of the lens is positive with an umbilical apex for which the curvature derivative is zero. It forms a rotating aspherical surface, and one surface has a curvature that increases from the navel apex toward the periphery. and the refractive power increases continuously and regularly, and one of the surfaces further increases in size and shape. The state is determined mathematically by the following formula, Y=(AX+BX2)1/2+CX(p)+DX(q)+EX(E) Therefore, A=2rapex, B=(e2-1), and e is the vertex of the one surface. Yes, C, D, and E are integral coefficients or non-integral coefficients of X(p), X(q), and X(E), respectively. where p, q, z can be integral exponents of x or non-integral exponents of x, and r is a value in the range of 5mm to 150mm, and e is a value in the range of 0.0 to 4.0. Yes, at least one of the values of C, D, and E is not zero, and The values of C, D, and E are in the range of 0.0 to ±9, and the p, q, and z are Intraocular lenses with values ranging from 0.5 to 6.0. 2. the one positive rotating aspherical surface forms the front surface of the lens; The intraocular lens according to claim 1, wherein the rear surface is a flat surface. 3. The positive rotating aspherical surface forms the rear surface of the lens, and the front surface of the lens An intraocular lens according to claim 1, which is flat. 4. the one positive rotating aspherical surface forms the front surface of the lens; The intraocular lens according to claim 1, wherein the rear surface is a convex spherical surface. 5. the one positive rotating aspherical surface forms the rear surface of the lens; The intraocular lens according to claim 1, wherein the front surface is a convex spherical surface. 6. Both the front and rear surfaces of the lens are rotated in a positive manner so that the refractive power increases toward the periphery. The intraocular lens according to claim 1, which has an aspherical surface. 7. the one positive rotating aspherical surface forms the front surface of the lens; The intraocular lens according to claim 1, wherein the rear surface is concave. 8. A series of intraocular lens systems in which each lens system in the series The lens system is formed within the specification range set forth in claim 1, and the lens system has at least is also divided into 21 sub-unit combinations (subsets), and the 21 sub-units Each of the combinations corresponds to a predetermined radius of curvature r of the vertex of the antral front surface, and the combination of The radius of curvature r is expressed in increments of 0.1 mm or less in the range of 6.8 mm to 8.8 mm. Each of the small unit combinations has a value of the posterior apex refractive power, i.e., its value. Posterior vertex flexion from minimum to maximum at least 12 diopters above minimum At least 25 lenses are arranged in order according to the value of the folding power, and each of the small units is In the combination, the increments of the posterior vertex power to separate the lenses are 0.50 diop. each lens with a fixed rear apex refractive power is a combination of specific small units. designed to correct axial refractive error in a given length of the eye within a range of For r, which is also the value of the combination of these small units, the eye is shorter than the average normal eye length. There are at least 12 lenses for There are at least 525 combinations with radius, and each of these 525 combinations corresponds to There are at least a total of 525 lenses in the lens system, each lens having a When placed in the eye, it corrects axial refractive error and performs an accommodative function. A series of lens systems for the inner lens. 9. The curvature and refractive power of the convex front surface of the lens are continuous from the axis of the lens toward the periphery. Claim 8, wherein the lens increases regularly and the rear surface of the lens is flat. A series of intraocular lens systems. 10. The curvature and refractive power of the convex front surface of the lens are continuous from the axis of the lens toward the periphery. Claim 8, wherein the rear surface of the lens is a convex spherical surface. A series of lens systems for intraocular lenses as described in Section 1. 11. Both the convex front surface and the convex rear surface of the lens have curvature and refractive power relative to the axis of the lens. The intraocular lens according to claim 8, which increases continuously and regularly in the peripheral direction. A series of lens systems. 12. The curvature and refractive power of the convex rear surface of the lens are continuous from the axis of the lens toward the periphery. Claim 8, wherein the front surface of the lens is spherical. A series of intraocular lens systems. 13. The curvature and refractive power of the rear surface of the lens are continuously defined in the peripheral direction from the axis of the lens. The eye according to claim 8, wherein the lens increases regularly and the front surface of the lens is spherical. A series of lens systems for the inner lens. 14. The curvature and refractive power of the convex front surface of the lens are continuous from the axis of the lens toward the periphery. Claim 8, wherein the rear surface of the lens is convex. A series of intraocular lens systems. 15. consisting of at least 525 lenses having a predetermined front and back design relationship; In a method of selecting and obtaining a suitable intraocular lens from a predetermined series of lens systems, Each lens is designed to correct axial refractive errors and malaccommodations in aphakic eyes. , the aphakic dormancy is defined by a predetermined radius of curvature of the apex of the anterior cornea as r; extending from the apex in the plane along the geometric axis of the aphakic eye to the inner limiting membrane layer of the retina. The predetermined length of the aphakic eye that extends is 1, and the seller of the intraocular lens is Obtain a suitable lens from at least the 525 lenses in stock and obtain the values of r and 1. The process consists of selecting and supplying lenses that correspond to these values, and providing the doctor with The lenses delivered will be marked with the same r and 1 values determined by the doctor himself. , for an eye with such a value of r and 1, to correct the axial refractive error and dysaccommodation. How to select and obtain intraocular lenses with specific designs.