JPH032690A - Deuterium collection material for nuclear fusion - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve a fusion efficiency of each deuterium and to intend a practical use of an ambient temperature nuclear fusion by making a structure of a material to be of an amorphous one, regarding deuterium collection materials for an nuclear fusion. CONSTITUTION:An amorphous palladium 1 has a structure that palladium atoms 2 are coupled by an inter atom coupling 3 of a palladium. In this situation, an arrangement of the palladium atoms is an irregular one and there are two kinds of the inter atom coupling 3 of the palladium, parts with a long coupling distance and the other parts with a short coupling distance. Moreover, there are excess coupling hands of the palladium 2 and uncoupled coupling hands 4 exist in the amorphous palladium 1. Deuterium atoms 5 are collected into a structure of the amorphous palladium 1 one by one and distances among each collected dueterium atom are more shorter at places where distances of the inter atom coupling are short. Consequently, a nuclear fusion tends to occur at places where the distances of the inter atom coupling 3 of the palladium are short.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Application Field) This invention relates to a deuterium-capturing material for realizing cold fusion.

(Prior technology) In March 1989, research results suggesting the possibility of cold fusion were reported by a group led by Stanley Pons, Dean of the Department of Chemistry at the University of Utah in the United States, and Professor Martin Fleischmann at the University of Sarathampton in the United Kingdom. It was also published by Professor Stephen Jones of Prigham Young University in Utah and a research group at Alisina University. Since then, verification experiments have been carried out around the world, and many reports have been made that cold fusion is promising. For example, Dr. Howard Menlove and his colleagues at Los Alamos National Laboratory in the United States have shown that when high pressure is applied to deuterium gas cooled to ultra-cold temperatures, neutrons are generated, suggesting nuclear fusion, even without the application of electric current, as demonstrated by the Utah group. There are reports that it has been confirmed.

Nuclear reaction is one of the nuclear reactions, same as nuclear fission.

Nuclear fission is a phenomenon in which a heavy atomic nucleus, such as uranium, splits to form two new atomic nuclei.

The sum of the masses of the two nuclei is smaller than the sum of their masses before splitting. The reduced mass is released as energy.

On the other hand, in nuclear fusion, atomic nuclei with low mass such as deuterium collide with each other and fuse together to create new atomic nuclei. The mass of the resulting nucleus is smaller than the sum of the masses of the two original nuclei, and the difference is energy. At the center of the sun, the enormous pressure and high temperatures expose the atomic nuclei, which violently collide and fuse together. This is the source of sunlight and heat and is called thermonuclear fusion. Originally, an atomic nucleus has a charge of 10. Since they have the same charge, they repel each other and normally do not collide. Therefore, the temperature is raised to an extremely high temperature of over 100 million degrees Celsius, and the atomic nuclei and electrons are made into a disjointed state (plasma). Furthermore, we need to increase the number (plasma number) to more than 3 trillion per cubic centimeter to make it easier for atomic nuclei to collide with each other. Moreover, it is necessary to maintain this state for at least one second. However, no material can withstand such ultra-high temperatures and ultra-high density. So they have to be trapped on the ground or suspended in a kind of suspended state using lasers. Research into thermonuclear fusion is currently underway as a huge national project.

When deuterium fuses together, it produces helium-3 and neutrons.
Tritium and protons are generated and heat is produced. Furthermore, gamma rays are also emitted as a result of secondary reactions.

By measuring these, it is possible to determine whether nuclear fusion has occurred. However, tritium is originally contained in heavy water, and it is difficult to distinguish it from heavy water. Measuring neutrons is the most reliable method. In the case of nuclear fusion, it is known that many neutrons in the 2.45 megaelectron volt region are emitted.

Figure 3 shows an example of the experimental equipment that Professor Jones and his colleagues have succeeded in using for cold fusion.

This is the same mechanism as electrolysis. Heavy water 11 is used instead of tap water, gold 8 or platinum is used for the anode, and palladium 9 or titanium 10 is used for the cathode. Since heavy water 11 is an insulator, it is mixed with a small amount of a base such as lithium chloride. It has been reported that when titanium 10 and palladium 9 were compared for the cathode, titanium 10 was more efficient.

It was also equipped with a high-precision neutron measuring device 13 made of water 12 and lithium glass 14, and was able to reliably capture neutrons in the 2.45 megaelectron volt range, with the energy generated being 1/10 trillionth of a watt. .

In Dr. Menlove's experiment, titanium was placed in a container that was shielded from the outside, and deuterium gas was injected into it.

Furthermore, a pressure of 20 to 50 atmospheres is applied inside the container, and the temperature is lowered to minus 193 degrees Celsius using liquid nitrogen. After leaving it in this state for a while and examining the internal changes as the temperature gradually rose, we found that deuterium gas was absorbed by the titanium, and the generation of very small neutrons was detected intermittently. Furthermore, a sudden ejection of neutrons was observed when the temperature reached minus 30 degrees Celsius.

This time was 1/5000th of a second, and the amount of neutrons at this time was several orders of magnitude greater than natural radioactivity.

FIG. 2 shows a principle diagram showing how deuterium atoms are incorporated into a conventional metal crystal type deuterium-incorporating material. Using this diagram, we will explain the principle behind cold fusion using Professor Jones' experimental example in which palladium is used as an electrode. 6
is a palladium metal crystal used in the cathode. In the palladium metal crystal 6, palladium atoms 2 are regularly arranged in a lattice shape due to palladium interatomic bonds 3, forming a metal crystal. When heavy water is electrolyzed, deuterium cations (deuterium atoms 5) are attracted to the palladium metal crystal 6 at the cathode. Since palladium has the property of taking in light elements, the deuterium atoms 5 gradually enter the palladium metal crystal 6. Eventually, the distance between the deuterium atoms in the crystal lattice of the palladium metal crystal 6 becomes close enough to cause a tunnel effect, so that they fuse, and energy is generated due to mass defects. Tunneling is when particles pass through a barrier and leak out.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) Experimental results from conventional examples show that the efficiency is low, and there is a need for materials that can efficiently cause cold fusion.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The deuterium uptake material in this invention has an amorphous structure.

(For Ink) Conventional deuterium-capturing materials such as palladium and titanium have a crystalline structure, and therefore deuterium atoms are uniformly spread throughout the metal crystal. By making the structure amorphous, the distances between the atoms constituting the crystal include short portions and long distance portions. For this reason, the distance between deuterium atoms entering the crystal becomes shorter in areas where the distance between crystal atoms is short, and the barrier for deuterium molecules to fuse becomes smaller, creating areas where deuterium atoms can easily pass through due to the tunnel effect. This makes it easier for deuterium atoms to fuse there.

(Example) FIG. 1 shows an example of an amorphous deuterium uptake material according to the present invention. Amorphous is a term used to refer to crystals in which atoms are regularly arranged. Here, it is assumed that amorphous is a disordered substance limited to solid. An example in which palladium is used as the amorphous deuterium uptake material will be explained. In FIG. 1, 1 is amorphous palladium, 2 is a palladium atom, 3 is a bond between palladium atoms, 4 is a dangling bond, and 5 is a deuterium atom. In the amorphous palladium 1, palladium atoms 2 are bonded by palladium interatomic bonds 3.

At this time, the arrangement of palladium atoms 2 is irregular,
A portion with a long bond distance and a portion with a short bond distance are generated in the bond 3 between palladium atoms. In addition, there are too many bonds of the palladium atom 2 and dangling bonds 4 present in the amorphous palladium 1. Deuterium atoms 5 are successively incorporated into the structure of this amorphous palladium 1. Amorphous palladium has short distances and long distances between the atoms that make up the crystal. Therefore, the distance between the incoming deuterium atoms 5 becomes shorter in the portion where the interatomic bond distance is short. This makes it easier for deuterium to pass through the fusion barrier due to the tunnel effect. For this reason, nuclear fusion is more likely to occur at short distances between palladium interatomic bonds 3, and incorporating this material into the experiments of Professor Jones and Dr. Menlove will increase the possibility of practical application of cold fusion.

In this example, palladium was used in the explanation, but similar effects can be expected with other metals such as titanium and ceramics by making the structure amorphous.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the present invention, the structure of the deuterium uptake material is made amorphous, which increases the efficiency of deuterium fusion, which helps in the practical application of cold fusion and helps solve energy problems. It is something that contributes.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a principle diagram showing how deuterium atoms are incorporated into the amorphous deuterium uptake material according to the present invention, and Figure 2 shows how deuterium atoms are incorporated into a conventional metal crystal type deuterium uptake material. The principle diagram shown in Figure 3 is the configuration diagram of Professor Jones' cold fusion device. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Amorphous palladium, 2... Palladium atom, 3... Bond between palladium atoms, 4... Strand bond, 5... Deuterium atom, 6... Palladium metal crystal, 7...・Battery, 8... Gold, 9... Palladium, 10... Titanium, 11... Heavy water, 12... Water, 13... Neutron measuring device, 14... Lithium glass Figure 1 1... Amorphous palladium 2... Palladium atom 3... Bond between palladium atoms 4... Strand bond 5... Deuterium atom

Claims (1)

[Claims] A deuterium uptake material for nuclear fusion, characterized by an amorphous structure.