JPH03206007A - Method for promoting germination of grape - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable the year-round culture or two-crop system of grapes to supply the grapes in the early season or in the out of season by applying a brassinoride treatment to the dormant branches, leaves or trees of the grapes or further applying a nitrogen compound treatment thereto awaken the dormancy thereof for the promotion of the germination. CONSTITUTION:A brassinoride treatment is applied to the dormant branches, leaves and/or trees of grapes to awaken the dormancy thereof, thereby permitting to accelerate the germination of the grapes for changing the harvesting time and further for enabling the year-round culture. The harvest of the grapes at a required time is possible. The treatments employing both the brassinoride and the nitrogen compound are especially preferable. The method awakens the dormancy of the grapes so as to match the harvest thereof to a desired time and accelerates the germination thereof, thereby permitting to the year- round culture of the grapes. The shipment of the grapes at the early season or before the season allows to heighten the commercial values of the grapes.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] a. INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION FIELD The present invention relates to a method for promoting grape germination. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for promoting grape germination by treating dormant grape branches, leaves, or tree bodies with brassinolide.

b. Prior Art Research into plant growth regulation, particularly growth promotion, has been progressing rapidly and extensively in recent years, focusing on major grains. Among them, auxin, dipellerin, cytokini〉,
Valuable hormone drugs such as aphric acid and ethylene have been put into practical use, and many newer hormone drugs have been proposed.

Brassinolide is one of the recently proposed plant growth promoting substances. Brassinolite was discovered in the pollen of Brassica napus by Mi Sochel and Mandarva et al. [Mitchell, J. W. N. Mand
ava, J. F. Worley and J. R. P
limer, Nature, 225, 1065
(1970)]. Through research by Mitchell et al., it was confirmed that brassinolide has an extremely significant elongation effect when used on young kidney bean shoots. Subsequently, Mandava et al. confirmed and published the chemical structure of this brassinolide [Nature, 281.
216 (1979)].

Brassinolide is a type of steroid with a complex structure, and various attempts have been made to chemically synthesize it.

On the other hand, the bioactive effects of brassinolide on plants have been variously investigated and reported. Some examples of these include yield increasing effects on rice, tokasorghum, soybeans, wheat, tomatoes, cucumbers and other grains, and vegetables, growth promoting effects on rice and corn, stress resistance effects against deterioration of the growing environment, etc. It has been known.

Research on the physiological activity of brassinolide has been conducted mainly on major grains and vegetables, but there are very few cases in which its yield-increasing effect has actually been confirmed.

Furthermore, there has been little research on the physiologically active effects of brassinolide on fruits.

On the other hand, many types of fruits are cultivated, but grapes are one of the types that are produced in large quantities, and are widely used for food, brewing, processing, etc.

Grapes have several problems from the standpoint of producers or sellers, one of which is that there is a period of dormancy, making it difficult to change the harvest time. That is, it is extremely difficult to germinate during dormancy, and therefore, the harvest season tends to be concentrated in one season. However, the current situation is that no constitutional solution has yet been found to break such dormancy, promote germination, harvest grapes early, and enable a year-round supply of grapes.Currently, lime chisso, etc. Although it is possible to break dormancy in some cases, its effectiveness is low and it has not become a truly practical technology.

C. OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION One object of the present invention is to provide a method for promoting germination of grapes. Another objective is to provide a method that promotes germination by breaking dormancy and enables year-round cultivation of grapes.

In other words, by freely breaking dormancy, it is possible to produce double crops of grapes, and to enable a year-round supply of grapes to consumers.

Another object of the present invention is to enable early or untimely supply of grapes by breaking dormancy early;
The purpose is to provide a method to improve the product value.

Still other objects of the present invention will become clearer from the following description.

d. According to research conducted by On et al., the object of the present invention can be achieved by a method for promoting grape germination, which is characterized by treating dormant grape branches, leaves, or tree bodies with brassinolide. It was confirmed that he would be punished.

As mentioned above, brassinolide used in the present invention is a substance known per se, and includes 2α, 3α, 22
R,23R-tetrahydroxy-243-methyl-B-
It is called homo-7-oxa-5α-cholestan-6-one, and is a compound represented by the following chemical formula with a melting point of 247 to 275°C, and is hardly soluble in water.

Moreover, the above-mentioned brassinolide and other plant hormones may be used in combination.

However, brassinolite analogues, such as homobrassinolide and epibrassinolide, have poor effects in the present invention and are not suitable for use.

As mentioned above, brassinolite is poorly soluble in water, but
Since it exhibits activity even at extremely low concentrations, it can be used by dispersing it in water as fine particles or by dissolving it in a water-soluble organic solvent and then mixing it with water. Examples of such organic solvents include methanol, ethanol,
Examples include lower alcohols such as propanol; lower ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone; and lower ethers such as methyl ether and ethyl ether.

In addition, when carrying out the method of the present invention, other physiologically active substances, surfactants, emulsifiers, spreading agents, etc. are added to the brassinolide-containing liquid in order to enhance the physiologically active effect and to stably maintain the contained liquid. It can, and is usually preferred, to contain materials commonly used in pesticide application, such as agents.

In the method of the present invention, when brassinolide is treated in its dormant state, brassinolite is effective in a very small amount, so it is generally used as a liquid solution with a low concentration of brassinolite. Advantageously, the concentration of brassinolide in such a containing liquid is generally in the range from IP''ppm to 10 ppm, preferably in the range from 10-7 ppm to 5 ppm, particularly preferably in the range from 10-6 ppm to 1 ppm. The preferred concentration range of the brassinolite-containing liquid depends on the timing of treatment, the treatment method, the number of times of treatment, etc.

In the method of promoting grape germination of the present invention, brassinolide can be carried out by spraying a solution of brassinolide in the above-mentioned solvent or a water-diluted solution thereof on the stem and foliage surfaces. By treating grapes as a specific kumikaimono as described below, the effect can be further enhanced and the effect can be stably expressed.

That is, brassinolite is mixed with at least one solvent selected from (i) 50 to 98% by weight of a lower aliphatic alcohol, (11) an amide polar solvent and dimethyl sulfoxide in a proportion other than water of 1 to 25% by weight. , (:i1) For 1 part by weight of a mixed solution consisting of 1 to 25% by weight of a water-soluble bonomer, (iv) a spreading agent is further added to 0.0% by weight of the proportion other than water. 0
By preparing a solution consisting of a mixed solution containing 1% of 02-2 weight and M brassinolide, diluting it with water, and treating it to dormant grapes, the effect can be further enhanced. is obtained.

In the above mixture, (II) at least one solvent selected from amide polar solvents and dimethyl sulfoxide and (iii) a water-soluble polymer such as polyalkylene glycol are mixed in the proportions described above. By using it, the activity of brassinolide is further improved compared to the case where it is not used, and the extremely excellent advantage that the expression of the activity is stabilized can be obtained.

Each precept constituting the above-mentioned liquid mixture will be explained below.

Examples of the lower aliphatic alcohol (i) include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol,
Examples include Sec-butanol, but ethanol is particularly preferred. These lower aliphatic alcohols are
(D, (+1〉〉, (+i〉) is used in a range of 50 to 98?6 by weight based on the total amount of each component, preferably 6
It ranges from 0 to 95% by weight.

(iii) The solvent is selected from amide polar solvents and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Examples of amide polar solvents include dimethylformamide (DMF), N
-Methylpyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylacetamide (DMAA) and the like, DMF or NMP is preferred, and NMP is particularly preferred. These solvents are (i),
It is used in an amount of 1 to 25% by weight, preferably 2 to 20% by weight, based on the total amount of (i) and (i1>).

Examples of the water-soluble polymer (iii) include polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol, and polybutylene glycol, as well as polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinyl alcohol, or copolymers thereof, but in particular polyethylene Glycols are preferred.These polyalkylene glycols can be advantageously used with a molecular weight in the range of 300 to 5,000, preferably 500 to 3,000, but the molecular weight is particularly limited as long as it is soluble in water or lower aliphatic alcohol. These water-soluble polymers (
It is used in an amount of 1 to 25% by weight, preferably 2 to 20% by weight, based on the total amount of i), (11>, and (iiD).

On the other hand, as a spreading agent for (IVL), those commonly used as a spreading agent in agricultural chemicals such as plant growth regulators, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and fungicides can be used. Specific examples of the spreading agent include polyoxyalkylene ethers such as polyoxyethylene dialkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl allyl ether, and polyoxyethylene diallyl ether; for example, polyoxyethylene dialkyl ester, polyoxyethylene alkyl allyl; Examples include esters, polyoxyalkylene diesters such as polyoxyethylene diallyl ester; examples include sulfophosphates such as sodium dinaphthylmethanesulfonate and calciQ ligninsulfonate dialkyl sulfosuccinate. Spreading agents are usually commercially available for agricultural chemicals and can be used, or two or more of these can be used in combination. and 0.002 to 2 parts by weight, preferably 0.003 to 1.8 parts by weight, particularly preferably 0
．． It is used in a range of 1 to 1.7 parts by weight. A large amount of spreading agent has the advantage that it lasts for a long time on the plant surface.

A preferred liquid composition (mixture) includes the above (i) to (ii).
(iv) a spreading agent and M brassinolide. Brassinolite exhibits activity on grapes in extremely small amounts, so its content may be minimal. Therefore, the content of brassinolide in the composition is extremely small. Generally, 1 x 10-5 Plum to 10.
OOppm, preferably I x 10-5 ppm
It is sufficient if it is in the range of ~5000 ppm.

There is no problem even if this specific composition or composition further contains water in addition to the above-mentioned composition.Generally, when applying to plants, the above-mentioned composition is diluted with water. Ru.

In that case, it is 50 to 7,000 times the weight of the above-mentioned Kumikai Dake, preferably 200 to 5. It is used after being diluted with 1,000 times the weight of water. Even if the Kumikaimono is diluted with water,
As long as the components calculated excluding water fall within the above range, favorable effects can be obtained.

As mentioned above, the above-mentioned specific compound is used after being diluted with water, and the concentration of brassinolide in the diluted composition is generally I x 10' pp.
m in the range of ~500 ppm, preferably 1 x 10-'
ppm to 50 ppm, particularly preferably l×10
Advantageously, the range is between -6 ppm and 10 ppm.

In the present invention, in order to treat dormant grapes with a brassinolide-containing solution, it is preferable to spray the brassinolide-containing solution on the buds, tree bodies, stems, and leaves of the dormant grapes. It is appropriate to spray it over the entire surface. Although the treatment depends on its concentration, etc., it can be performed not only once but several times.

In the method for promoting germination of grapes according to the present invention, in order to maintain the effect of brassinolite, a paste prepared by mixing brassinolide with lanolyte or the like may be applied to the branches of the grapes or the cut ends of the branches.

The concentration of brassinolide in such pastes is generally 0.
．． 01 ~10-6ppm ~5 x 102ppm
range, preferably O. Olppm to 100ppm, particularly preferably 0. A range of 1 ppm to 30 ppm is advantageous.

That is, it is prepared by dissolving brassinolide in an amide polar solvent or dimethyl sulfoxide, then dissolving it in ethanol, and mixing it with an ointment base such as dehydrated lanolin. The ratio of components other than brassinolide is (i) 5 to 30% by weight of lower aliphatic alcohol, (II) 0.01 to 1.0% by weight of amide polar solvent or dimethyl sulfoxide,
(111) A proportion of 70 to 95% by weight of dehydrated lanolin is preferred. Significant effects can be obtained by preparing such a paste and applying it to the cut ends of dormant vine branches.

In the above composition, (11) amide polar solvent or dimethyl sulfoxide and (iii) dehydrated lanolin are mixed in the above proportions, and by mixing these and using them in a paste form, it is possible to use them without using them. Compared to this, brassinolide has the extremely superior advantage of maintaining its activity for a long period of time and stabilizing the expression of its activity.

Each part of these pastes will be explained below.

Examples of the lower aliphatic alcohol (i) include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, s
Examples include ee-butanol, and ethanol is particularly preferred. These lower aliphatic alcohols are used in an amount of 5 to 30% by weight, preferably 5 to 20% by weight, based on the composition.

Examples of the amide polar solvent (ii) include dimethylformamide (DMF), N-methylpyrrolidone (NM
P), dimethylacetamide <DMAA>, etc., with DMF or NMP being particularly preferred. These amide polar solvents are used in an amount of 0.01 to 1% by weight based on the composition.

As +iii+ lanolin, dehydrated lanolin is advantageously used.

The concentration of brassinolite in this lanolin paste composition is 0. It is desirable to use OIX in a range of 10-4 ppm to 500 ppm.Other plant hormones such as auxin and dihererin may be mixed in the above liquid or paste composition. When brassinolite treatment is used in combination with treatment with nitrogen compounds such as lime nitrogen and Merit (2), the effect of breaking dormancy becomes extremely large. Application methods include applying to grapes or pruning them, applying to buds, and applying to leaves.

According to the method of the present invention, brassinolide treatment can be applied to dormant grapes as long as it is before the grapes germinate, and preferably during the period from the beginning of dormancy to the end of dormancy, especially during the deep stage of dormancy. It is also preferable to perform

Although the present invention can be applied to various varieties of grapes,
In view of the above-mentioned effects of the present invention, it can be advantageously used for cultivars that suffer from deep dormancy. In terms of commercial value, it is more effective to apply the treatment of the present invention to large varieties. Large grain varieties include Kyoho, Kyoho group varieties such as Ryuho, Benifuji Kozuiho, Olympia, Beni Towada, Koho, Pione Black Olympia, Tomien, Towada 1 Highline, Takabumi, Shiramine, etc.), and Campbell. Examples include Early Muscat Bailey A, but the effects of the present invention are particularly noticeable on Kyoho and Kyoho group varieties.

e. Effects of the Invention According to the method of the present invention as described above, grapes are treated with a composition containing brassinolite, especially brassinolide, and a nitrogen compound to break dormancy and promote germination. The harvest time can be changed, making year-round cultivation possible.

Also, you will be able to harvest at the required time.

That is, according to the method of the present invention, dormancy can be broken and germination can be promoted by applying brassinolide treatment to dormant grape branches and leaves and/or tree bodies. For example, if brassinolite treatment is not performed, germination will naturally occur in dormant grapes. Therefore, according to the invention:
By breaking dormancy and promoting germination at the desired harvest time, year-round cultivation becomes possible, and product value can also be increased by early or late shipping.

The reason for this effect of brassinolite according to the present invention is not clear, but it is presumed that the treatment of brassinolite causes changes in endogenous hormones and balan that are involved in breaking dormancy.

f. Examples The present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples below. However, the present invention is not limited in any way by the following examples.

Example 1 [I] Preparation of lanolin paste A paste having the following composition was prepared. In addition, in the composition of the lanolin paste below, the following abbreviations respectively mean the following.

BL: Brassinolide NMP: N-methylpyrrolitone EtOH: Ethanol dehydrated lanolin [manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries] (1) BR-containing lanolin paste BR 5, 4 mg NMP
0.5mlEtO8
51.5 g Dehydrated lanolin 468 g Total 520 g (2) Lanolin paste The above BR-containing lanoli > Paste combination or BR removed [U] Growth test A test was conducted using Kyoho grapes at a testing site in Fukuoka Prefecture.

For the treatment, the above-mentioned brassinolide lanoline paste was applied to the cut end of the grape by pruning the grapes.

The processing date was October 1, 1988. October 1
It was a time of deep dormancy for the grapes. The survey was conducted three weeks later, on October 22nd. The treatment was combined with lime nitrogen. Lime nitrogen treatment was applied by foliar spraying.

The survey results are shown below. It was as per 1.

Table 1 Eruption rate From the above results, it is confirmed that the combination of brassinolide and lime nitrogen clearly increases the germination rate.

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A method for promoting grape germination, which comprises treating dormant grape branches, leaves, or tree bodies with brassinolide. (2) The method according to claim (1), wherein brassinolide treatment and nitrogen compound treatment are used in combination.