JPH03159865A - Air cushion boat - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a hull with shelf-stabilizing property and enhance the boat running performance by embodying a drum to couple the side walls of the hull in the form of a wing of anti-buoyancy type, and thereby balancing the anti-buoyancy given by the drum with the buoyance due to ram pressure. CONSTITUTION:An air cushion boat is composed of a hull 1 as main structure, two side walls 2 functioning as a float, and a drum 3 to couple them. An air cushion layer 5 due to ram pressure is formed in the area bounded by the side walls 2 of the hull 1, wall 2b, drum 3, and the water surface 4, and through utilization of this layer 5 the boat coasts on the water. Therein the drum 3 is embodied in the form of a wing of anti-buoyancy type. That is, a deck 8 and a bottom of this drum 3 are constructed in such a form that the main wings of a plane are inverted up and down. Thereby the anti-buoyancy given by the drum 3 is balanced with the buoyancy due to the ram pressure, which should give the hull 1 self-stabilizing property.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an air cushion watercraft, and in particular, air cushioning is provided by ram pressure to an area surrounded by both side walls of the hull, a connecting body connecting the both sides, and the water surface. When sailing on the water while riding on this air cushion layer,
The present invention relates to an air cushion boat that has self-stability in its hull and can sail with improved maneuverability and safety such as low-speed cruising performance, attitude control, straight-line performance, and turning performance.

[Prior Art] Research and development has been conducted on the issue of how to reduce water resistance so that ships can run faster, and hydrofoils,
Hovercraft, high-speed gliding boats, etc. were born and have achieved considerable success. All of these methods employ a method of floating the hull above the water to escape water resistance. Especially air cushion boats (A.C.V. = air cushion boat)
In addition to the Hoverclaw 1, the vehicle also includes a No. 1 Hydrokeel (Figure 9 (a)), a ground effect wing (Figure 9 (B)), a Ram Wing (Figure 9 (C)),
Channel flow wing ((d) in the same figure)':'i
There are - types, which reduce water resistance using the ground effect.

These air cushion boats are comfortable to ride,
Advantages include low fuel consumption, relatively high speed, unaffected by floating objects, ability to travel in shallow areas, and unaffected by small waves.

[Problem to be determined by the invention or the ship] However, in conventional air cushion boats, when the hull floats out of the water, the hull loses its self-stability, resulting in pitching (pitching) and rolling. However, it has fundamental flaws such as poor maneuverability, such as being swept away by crosswinds. Moreover, the balance of forces such as lift, gravity, thrust, and ram pressure changes depending on the speed, making it extremely difficult to maintain dynamic stability at high speeds. In addition, the effects of wave action and headwinds can cause pitch-up (sudden head-up) phenomena, which has a major negative impact on navigation. Furthermore, in a levitating state, the rudder (
Even if you operate the rudder, the boat has difficulty turning and its turning performance is poor.

[Object of the Invention] The present invention has been made in view of the two conventional difficulties, and it forms an air cushion layer by ram pressure on both side walls of the hull, the connecting body connecting the both sides, and the area surrounded by the water surface. When sailing on the water while riding on this air cushion layer, the hull has self-stability, improving sailing performance at low speeds,
We aim to develop an air-cushion boat that can navigate with improved maneuverability and safety, including attitude control, straight-line performance, and turning performance.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve this object, the air cushion boat of the present invention provides air cushioning by ram pressure to both side walls of the hull, the connecting body connecting the both sides, and the area surrounded by water. In an air cushion boat that travels on water riding on this air cushion layer-1-, the connected fuselage is formed into an anti-lift airfoil shape, so that the anti-lift force caused by the connected fuselage and the The hull is made to have self-stability by balancing the buoyancy force generated by the ram pressure.

Further, in the air cushion boat of the present invention, an aerial blower is provided on the connecting body, and a duct is formed to introduce the slipstream from the aerial propeller to the bottom of the connecting body. The self-stability and cruising performance of the boat body are improved by increasing the buoyancy horn and balancing the counterlifting force generated by the connected fuselage with the buoyancy force generated by the ram pressure.

Further, in the air cushion watercraft of the present invention, fins are pivotally attached to each of the side walls so that the effective area thereof is variable, thereby improving the turning performance of the watercraft when it is floating. be.

[Effect 5] When the speed of an air cushion boat configured in this way increases due to the propulsion force obtained from the aerial propeller, the area surrounded by both side walls of the hull, the connecting body connecting the both sides walls, and the water surface An air cushion layer is formed by ram pressure (pushing pressure of air), and the boat sails on the water riding on this air cushion layer-12. In this case, as the speed increases, air enters the bow of the boat at high speed, increasing the ram pressure in the area bounded by the hull sides, the articulated fuselage connecting the sides, and the water surface, thus increasing the ram pressure. The pressure lifts the boat higher out of the water than before, causing it to float too high and become unstable. However, by forming the connected fuselage into an anti-lift airfoil shape,
The boat body can be given self-stability by balancing the counterlifting force generated by the connected body and the buoyancy force caused by the ram pressure, and the boat can sail stably.

In addition, by forming a duct that introduces the slipstream from the aerial propeller installed on the connected fuselage to the bottom of the connected fuselage, the buoyancy force due to ram pressure at medium speeds is increased, and the counterlift force due to the connected fuselage is increased. The self-stability of the hull and the cruising performance at medium speeds can be improved by balancing this with the buoyancy force generated by the ram pressure.

Furthermore, by pivotally attaching fins to each of the side walls so that the effective area of the fins can be varied, it is possible to improve the turning performance of the boat when it is floating.

[Example] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the air cushion boat of the present invention has a hull 1 as its main structure, and is composed of both side walls 2, 2 that function as floats, and a connecting body 3 that connects these side walls. . Steps 2a are provided on both side walls 2, 2, and walls 2b extend in these steps 2a in a streamlined manner with respect to the side walls 2, 2. The bottom 9 of the hull 1 has a bow extending upward in a curve to form an attack angle so as to generate a ram pressure (pushing pressure of air) P, which will be described later. This air cushion boat has two walls 2, 2 on both sides of the hull 1, walls 2b, 2b, a docking suspension 3 connecting the side walls 2, 2, and a water surface 4. An air cushion layer 5 is formed by ram pressure in the area surrounded by , and the boat sails on the water while riding on this air cushion layer.

According to a feature of the present invention, in the air cushion watercraft, the connected fuselage 3 is formed in the shape of an anti-lift wing.

That is, the deck 8 and boat bottom 9 of the articulated fuselage 3 are shaped like the main wing of an airplane upside down. Thereby, the hull 1 can be given self-stability by balancing the counterlift force 6 caused by the connecting body 3 and the buoyancy force 7 caused by the ram pressure.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 6, in the air cushion boat of the present invention, an aerial propeller 10 is provided on the connected body 3, and the propulsion force of the air cushion boat is obtained by this. The aerial propeller 10 is rotationally driven by an engine 12 provided in front of the deck 8 of the hull 1. A duct 11 is provided which introduces a part of the slipstream from the aerial propeller 10 into the boat bottom 9 of the connected fuselage 3. The population of the duct 11 is formed by an introduction plate 13 which is pivotally connected to the deck 8 with a hinge 14. The introduction plate 13 is controlled to open and close by a motor 16.

The driver 17 is actuated by signals from the pressure sensors 15a, 15b which detect the ram pressure 1) of the boat bottom 9 of the joint body 3, and the motor 16 is driven.

When this introduction plate 13 is opened by the motor 16, the buoyancy force 7 due to the ram pressure at medium speed is increased, and the balance between the anti-lift force 6 due to the connected fuselage 3 and the buoyancy force 7 due to the ram pressure P causes the hull to self-stabilize. It is possible to improve speed and cruising performance at medium speeds.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 1, 3, 8(a) and 8(b), the air cushion boat of the present invention has side walls 2, 2
By pivotally attaching the fins 20 to each of the fins so that the effective area thereof is variable, the turning performance of the hull 1 when floating can be improved.

As shown in FIG. 5, a center keel 21 extending from the bow to the stern of the boat bottom 9 of the boat body 1 separates left and right ram pressures. A rudder 22 is provided behind the center keel, and is steered by a handle (not shown) provided in a cockpit 23. In addition, in FIGS. 1 to 4, 25 is a vertical tail.

In the air cushion boat configured in this manner, the aerial propeller 10 is rotated by the engine 12 to propel the boat, but at low speeds the boat runs like a normal boat. The water surface 4a at this time is shown in FIG.

Medium speed (e.g. 35-40 km/h)
Then, as shown in FIG.
b. An air cushion layer 5 is formed by ram pressure P in the area surrounded by the connecting body 3 connecting the side walls 2 and 2 and the water surface 4, and the buoyancy force 7 generated by this ram pressure causes the boat to float on this air. It sails on the water while riding on the "cushion layer". As the speed increases, the buoyancy force 7 increases and the instability also increases, but by the time that speed is reached, a counterlift force 6 is generated by the connected fuselage 3 formed in the shape of a counterlift type airfoil, causing the hull 1 to It works to push it down. This anti-lift force 6 increases in proportion to the square of the speed, and in balance with the buoyancy force 7 caused by the ram pressure, the hull 1 becomes self-stabilizing and is prevented from pitching due to waves etc. at high speed. (2) phenomenon can be suppressed. Figure 2 shows the water flow at high speed.

At medium speed and when sailing with a tailwind, the ram pressure P at the bottom 9 of the connected body 3 is decreasing, and the driver 17 is activated by signals from the pressure sensors 15a and 15b that detect this pressure P, and drives the motor 16. (Figure 3). The motor 16 opens the introduction plate 13, and a part of the wake from the aerial blower 10, which is rotationally driven by the engine 12, is introduced into the boat bottom 9 of the connected fuselage 3 through the duct 11. By increasing the buoyancy force 7 due to the ram pressure at medium speeds and balancing the counterlift force 6 due to the connected fuselage 3 and the buoyancy force 7 due to the ram pressure, the self-stability of the hull and the economical cruising performance at medium speeds are improved. be able to.

Furthermore, in a general air boat, Fig. 7 (a)
As shown in FIG. 2, when the boat is floating, even if the rudder 22 is operated, the boat does not turn and its turning performance is poor. In the air cushion boat of the present invention, the fins 20 (FIGS. 1 and 3) are pivotally mounted on each of the side walls 2, 2 so that the effective area thereof can be varied, so that the fins 20 (FIGS. ), the boat 1 can turn while the boat 1 is floating, thereby improving the turning performance when the boat is floating. Figure 8(a),(b)
), the effective area in contact with the water surface can be increased by manually pivoting the fins 20 depending on the speed of the boat and other buoyancy conditions. Also, for residential use, both side walls 2, 2
The fins 20 can extend from each of the fins 20, and can be pivoted to be retracted into each of the side walls 2, 2 when not in use.

[Effects of the Invention] As is clear from the above embodiments, according to the air cushion boat of the present invention, ram pressure is applied to the area surrounded by both side walls of the hull, the connecting body connecting the both side walls, and the water surface. In an air cushion boat that has an air cushion layer and sails on water while riding on this air cushion layer, by forming the connected fuselage into an anti-lift wing shape,
The boat body can be made to have self-stability by balancing the reaction force caused by the connecting body and the buoyancy force caused by the ram pressure.

In addition, by installing an aerial propeller on the connected fuselage and forming a duct that introduces the slipstream from the aerial propeller to the bottom of the connected fuselage, the buoyant force generated by the ram pressure at medium speeds is increased and the connected fuselage is By balancing the anti-lift force with the buoyancy force due to ram pressure, the self-stability of the hull and the cruising performance at medium speeds can be improved.

Further, by arranging fins on each of the side walls so that the effective area thereof is variable, it is possible to improve the turning performance of the boat when it is floating.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an air cushion boat according to the present invention;
Figures 2 and 3 are side views of the air cushion boat shown in Figure 1 cut away at the connected fuselage, Figure 4 is a partially cutaway plan view of the air cushion boat shown in Figure 1, and Figure 5 is a side view of the air cushion boat shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 is a front view of the air cushion boat seen from the bow; Figure 6 is a sectional view of the air cushion boat shown in Figure 4 taken along line Y-Y'; Figures 7 (a) and (b) are Explanatory diagram showing the operation of the fin of the air cushion boat according to the invention, FIG. 8(a)
, (b) are explanatory views showing the fins of the air cushion watercraft according to the present invention, and FIGS. 9(a), (b), 13 (C), and (d) are explanatory views of the conventional air cushion watercraft, respectively. 1...Hull 2, 2...Both side walls 3...Connected fuselage 4, 4a...Water surface P...Ram pressure 5. ...Air cushion layer 6 due to ram pressure...
... Repulsion force due to the connected fuselage 7 ... Buoyancy force due to ram pressure 9 ... Boat bottom 10 ... Aerial blower 11 ... Duct 20 ... ····fin

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An air cushion layer is formed by ram pressure in the area surrounded by both side walls of the hull, the connecting body connecting these side walls, and the water surface, and the boat rides on the air cushion layer and sails on the water. In a running air cushion boat, by forming the connected fuselage into an anti-lift airfoil shape, the hull has self-stability by balancing the anti-lift force from the connected fuselage with the buoyancy force due to the ram pressure. An air cushion boat characterized by: 2. An aerial propeller is provided on the connected fuselage, and a duct is formed to introduce the slipstream from the aerial propeller to the bottom of the connected fuselage, thereby increasing the buoyant force due to the ram pressure and reducing the reaction by the connected fuselage. 2. The air cushion watercraft according to claim 1, wherein the self-stability and running performance of the boat body are improved by balancing the lifting force with the buoyancy force generated by the ram pressure. 3. The boat according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that fins are pivotally attached to each of the side walls so that the effective area thereof is variable, thereby improving turning performance when the boat body is floating. air cushion boat.