JPH0216964B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0216964B2 JPH0216964B2 JP15572382A JP15572382A JPH0216964B2 JP H0216964 B2 JPH0216964 B2 JP H0216964B2 JP 15572382 A JP15572382 A JP 15572382A JP 15572382 A JP15572382 A JP 15572382A JP H0216964 B2 JPH0216964 B2 JP H0216964B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- spatial filter
- moving object
- light
- light emitting
- light receiving
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/36—Devices characterised by the use of optical means, e.g. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
この発明は、空間フイルタを用いて移動物体の
移動量を測定するための空間フイルタ検出器に関
する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a spatial filter detector for measuring the amount of movement of a moving object using a spatial filter.
空間フイルタを用いて、移動物体の速度を非接
触式に測定する方法は既に知られている。かかる
空間フイルタによる測定方法は、移動物体がその
表面に自然に備えている不規則なむらを放射、反
射あるいは透過を利用して光学的に観測し、得ら
れた不規則信号に空間的な信号処理を行ない、周
波数の形式で移動物体の速度を計測するものであ
る。 Methods are already known for non-contactly measuring the speed of a moving object using spatial filters. A measurement method using such a spatial filter optically observes the irregular irregularities naturally present on the surface of a moving object using radiation, reflection, or transmission, and adds a spatial signal to the irregular signal obtained. It measures the speed of a moving object in the form of frequency.
このような測定に用いる空間フイルタは第１図
及び第２図に示すように、スリツト状の光電変換
素子（たとえば太陽電池）２を平面内に一定間隔
に数十〜数百個配列したものであつて、光電変換
素子２の並置が被測定対象である移動物体３の移
動方向と一致するように空間フイルタ１を配置
し、光学系４により移動物体３の像が空間フイル
タ１面上に結像するようにする。この場合、移動
物体３を照射する光源は、その近傍に別置きとし
て設けられている。移動物体の表面に存在する模
様、光沢差、汚れ、傷などのむらに対し、空間フ
イルタ１は一種のフイルタ作用を行ない、むらの
周波数（いわゆる空間周波数）分布に関しある特
定の空間周波数のところに急峻な選択特性を有す
る。この空間フイルタ１の出力は、高周波ノイズ
を除去するための低域フイルタ５、信号増幅を行
なう増幅器６を介して周波数測定器７に接続さ
れ、その周波数ｆが測定される。 As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the spatial filter used for such measurements is one in which tens to hundreds of slit-shaped photoelectric conversion elements (for example, solar cells) 2 are arranged at regular intervals in a plane. The spatial filter 1 is arranged so that the juxtaposition of the photoelectric conversion elements 2 coincides with the moving direction of the moving object 3 to be measured, and the image of the moving object 3 is focused on the surface of the spatial filter 1 by the optical system 4. image. In this case, the light source that illuminates the moving object 3 is separately provided in the vicinity thereof. The spatial filter 1 performs a kind of filtering effect on unevenness such as patterns, gloss differences, dirt, scratches, etc. that exist on the surface of a moving object, and the frequency (so-called spatial frequency) distribution of the unevenness has a sharp gradient at a certain spatial frequency. It has excellent selection characteristics. The output of the spatial filter 1 is connected to a frequency measuring device 7 via a low-pass filter 5 for removing high-frequency noise and an amplifier 6 for signal amplification, and its frequency f is measured.
ここで、光学系４の倍率をｍ、空間フイルタ２
を構成する光電変換素子２の間隔をｐ、空間フイ
ルタ１上の移動物体３の投影速度をV′とすると、
V′＝Ｐ・ｆ ………(1)
が成立し、移動物体３の速度Ｖが
Ｖ＝１／ｍ・V′ ………(2)
で表わされることから、測定対象たる移動物体３
の速度Ｖは次の(3)式で表わされることになる。 Here, the magnification of the optical system 4 is m, and the spatial filter 2
If the interval between the photoelectric conversion elements 2 constituting the is p, and the projection velocity of the moving object 3 on the spatial filter 1 is V', then V'=P・f (1) holds, and the velocity of the moving object 3 is Since V is expressed as V=1/m・V′ (2), the moving object 3 to be measured
The velocity V is expressed by the following equation (3).
Ｖ＝１／ｍ・ｐ・ｆ ………(3)
実際の空間フイルタ１においては、信号処理を
容易にするため、第２図に示すように光電変換素
子２の出力を１個おきに加え合せて２本の出力線
を取出し、これらの信号を差動的に出力するよう
に結線している。なお、この場合、上記(3)式の光
電変換素子２の実質的間隔ｐは、同極同志の間隔
となる。このようにして、パワースペクトル密度
関数において一般的に認められる周波数０付近の
ピークに相当する緩慢でかつレベルの高い低周波
成分を除去し、この低周波成分に重畳しているレ
ベルの比較的低い速度情報を有する周波数成分が
明瞭に抽出可能となる。なお、被測定体が静止
し、空間フイルタ１等の測定機器が移動する場合
でも、その相対速度の測定は上述の原理により可
能であり、ここではこのような場合にも被測定体
を移動物体と称する。 V=1/m・p・f (3) In the actual spatial filter 1, in order to facilitate signal processing, the outputs of the photoelectric conversion elements 2 are added every other time as shown in Fig. 2. A total of two output lines are taken out and connected so that these signals are output differentially. In this case, the substantial distance p between the photoelectric conversion elements 2 in the above equation (3) is the distance between the same polarities. In this way, the slow and high level low frequency component corresponding to the peak near frequency 0 that is generally observed in the power spectral density function is removed, and the relatively low level component superimposed on this low frequency component is removed. Frequency components having speed information can be clearly extracted. Note that even when the object to be measured is stationary and the measuring device such as the spatial filter 1 is moving, it is possible to measure the relative velocity using the above-mentioned principle. It is called.
このように従来の測定装置では、移動物体に空
間フイルタとは隔離された光源から光を照射し、
移動物体を透過ないしは反射した光を光学系を介
して空間フイルタに入射するようにしているの
で、光源と空間フイルタとが別置きとなつてお
り、装置が複雑かつ大型化してしまうと共に、測
定作業が煩雑になるといつた欠点があつた。よつ
て、この発明の目的は、光源と空間フイルタとを
一体化すると共に、光学系をなくすことにより、
小型で測定も簡便な空間フイルタ検出器を提供す
ることにある。 In this way, conventional measurement devices irradiate a moving object with light from a light source that is isolated from the spatial filter.
Since the light transmitted or reflected by the moving object is incident on the spatial filter via the optical system, the light source and the spatial filter are placed separately, which makes the device complex and large, and makes measurement work difficult. The drawback was that it became complicated. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to integrate a light source and a spatial filter, and eliminate the optical system.
The object of the present invention is to provide a spatial filter detector that is small and easy to measure.
以下にこの発明を説明する。 This invention will be explained below.
この発明は、空間フイルタの原理を用いて移動
物体の速度等を測定するための空間フイルタ検出
器に関するもので、第３図に示すように長形状の
発光部１１と長形状の受光部１２とを交互に複数
個配列して、この配列により発受光部が一体化さ
れた空間フイルタを形成するようにしたものであ
る。このような空間フイルタ検出器１０は、第２
図に示す従来の空間フイルタ１の光電変換素子２
の各ギヤツプ間に、発光ダイオード等の発光素子
を埋設することによつても得られる。このように
発光部１１と受光部１２とを交互に縦縞状に配列
することにより、発光部１１から照射された光は
空間フイルタ検出器１０の表面に対向して平行移
動する移動物体面で散乱され、その散乱光が受光
部１２に入射されることにより、前述したと同様
な空間フイルタを光学系を用いることなく、かつ
一体化して形成することができる。 This invention relates to a spatial filter detector for measuring the velocity of a moving object using the principle of a spatial filter, and as shown in FIG. A plurality of filters are arranged alternately, and this arrangement forms a spatial filter in which a light emitting and receiving section is integrated. Such a spatial filter detector 10 has a second
Photoelectric conversion element 2 of a conventional spatial filter 1 shown in the figure
It can also be obtained by embedding a light emitting element such as a light emitting diode between each gap. By arranging the light emitting parts 11 and the light receiving parts 12 alternately in vertical stripes in this way, the light emitted from the light emitting parts 11 is scattered by the moving object surface that moves parallel to the surface of the spatial filter detector 10. By making the scattered light incident on the light receiving section 12, a spatial filter similar to that described above can be formed integrally without using an optical system.
第４図はこの発明による空間フイルタ検出器１
０を用いて、空間フイルタ検出器１０の表面に対
向して平行移動する移動物体１３の移動速度Ｖを
測定する様子を示すものであり、空間フイルタ検
出器１０の各発光部１１から発光照射された光１
４は移動物体１３の表面で乱反射され、その反射
光が空間フイルタ検出器１０に設けられている各
受光部１２に入力する。ここに、受光部には同間
隔スリツト状に配列されていので、前述と同様に
受光部１２からの周波数信号ｆを周波数測定器に
よつて積算することにより、移動物体１３の移動
速度Ｖを測定することが可能である。 FIG. 4 shows a spatial filter detector 1 according to the present invention.
0 is used to measure the moving speed V of a moving object 13 moving parallel to the surface of the spatial filter detector 10. light 1
4 is diffusely reflected on the surface of the moving object 13, and the reflected light is input to each light receiving section 12 provided in the spatial filter detector 10. Here, since the light receiving section has slits arranged at equal intervals, the moving speed V of the moving object 13 can be measured by integrating the frequency signal f from the light receiving section 12 using a frequency measuring device in the same manner as described above. It is possible to do so.
なお、発光部は必らずしも規則正しく配列され
ている必要はなく、移動物体の表面を全体的に照
射できるようになつていれば良い。また、受光部
の形状も長形状である必要はなく、円形状や方形
状でも良く規則正しく周期的に配列されていれば
良い。 Note that the light-emitting parts do not necessarily have to be arranged regularly, as long as they can irradiate the entire surface of the moving object. Further, the shape of the light-receiving portions does not have to be elongated, and may be circular or rectangular as long as they are arranged regularly and periodically.
また、第５図に示すように１対の発光素子２１
及び発光素子２２を一体的に具備して成る光学セ
ンサ２０が知られており、この光学センサ２０を
第６図に示すように縦列及び横列にそれぞれ規則
正しく多数個整列させることにより、各光学セン
サ２０の発光素子２１による縦方向の長形状の発
光部と、受光素子２２による縦方向の長形状の受
光部とを交互に形成することができる。これら各
光学センサ２０の発光素子２１を発光させると共
に、その表面に対向して平行移動する移動物体の
表面からの反射光を各受光素子２２で受光するよ
うにすれば、各受光素子２２の各列が空間フイル
タを形成しているので、前述と同様な速度の測定
が可能である。 Further, as shown in FIG. 5, a pair of light emitting elements 21
An optical sensor 20 integrally equipped with a light emitting element 22 and a light emitting element 22 is known, and by arranging a large number of these optical sensors 20 regularly in columns and rows as shown in FIG. A vertically elongated light emitting section formed by the light emitting element 21 and a vertically elongated light receiving section formed by the light receiving element 22 can be alternately formed. If the light emitting element 21 of each of these optical sensors 20 is made to emit light, and each light receiving element 22 receives reflected light from the surface of a moving object that is moving parallel to the surface of the light emitting element 21, each of the light receiving elements 22 can be Since the columns form a spatial filter, velocity measurements similar to those described above are possible.
なお、この場合にも発光素子２１及び受光素子
２２の形状は任意であり、円形等の形をしていて
も良い。 In this case as well, the shapes of the light emitting element 21 and the light receiving element 22 are arbitrary, and may be circular or the like.
以上のようにこの発明による空間フイルタ検出
器によれば、発光部と受光部とが一体的に構成さ
れており、小型で持運びに便利な構造となる。ま
た、受光部と受光部とが一体的になつているの
で、簡便な測定作業によつて移動物体の速度を測
定することができる。 As described above, according to the spatial filter detector according to the present invention, the light emitting section and the light receiving section are integrally constructed, resulting in a compact and easily portable structure. Furthermore, since the light receiving section and the light receiving section are integrated, the speed of the moving object can be measured by a simple measurement operation.
なお、移動物体としては鉄鋼、フイルム、紙な
どの長尺物、自動車や鉄道車輛等の対地物、水や
汚水等の流体物その他が考えられる。 Note that moving objects include long objects such as steel, film, and paper, ground objects such as automobiles and railway vehicles, and fluid objects such as water and sewage.
第１図は従来の空間フイルタによる移動物体の
測定方法を説明するための図、第２図は従来の空
間フイルタの一例を示す回路構成図、第３図はこ
の発明による空間フイルタ検出器の一実施例を示
す斜視図、第４図はその測定方法を説明するため
の図、第５図はこの発明の他の例に用いる光学セ
ンサーの一例を示す斜視図、第６図は光学センサ
を用いて構成したこの発明による空間フイルタ検
出器の例を示す斜視図である。
１……空間フイルタ、２……光電変換素子、３
……移動物体、４……レンズ系、５……ローパス
フイルタ、６……増幅器、７……周波数測定器、
１０……空間フイルタ検出器、１１……発光部、
１２……受光部、２０……光学センサ。
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a method of measuring a moving object using a conventional spatial filter, FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a conventional spatial filter, and FIG. 3 is an illustration of a spatial filter detector according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the measurement method, FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an example of an optical sensor used in another example of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing an example of an optical sensor used in another example of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of a spatial filter detector according to the present invention configured as follows. 1... Spatial filter, 2... Photoelectric conversion element, 3
...Moving object, 4...Lens system, 5...Low pass filter, 6...Amplifier, 7...Frequency measuring device,
10... Spatial filter detector, 11... Light emitting section,
12... Light receiving section, 20... Optical sensor.
Claims (1)
的に構して成ることを特徴とする空間フイルタ検
出器。 ２ 発光素子及び受光素子を具備して成る光学セ
ンサを、縦列及び横列に整列して成ることを特徴
とする空間フイルタ検出器。[Scope of Claims] 1. A spatial filter detector characterized by integrally comprising a light emitting section and a periodically arranged light receiving section. 2. A spatial filter detector characterized in that optical sensors each having a light emitting element and a light receiving element are arranged in columns and rows.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15572382A JPS5944608A (en) | 1982-09-07 | 1982-09-07 | Space filter detector |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15572382A JPS5944608A (en) | 1982-09-07 | 1982-09-07 | Space filter detector |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5944608A JPS5944608A (en) | 1984-03-13 |
| JPH0216964B2 true JPH0216964B2 (en) | 1990-04-19 |
Family
ID=15612058
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15572382A Granted JPS5944608A (en) | 1982-09-07 | 1982-09-07 | Space filter detector |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5944608A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6532061B2 (en) * | 2000-08-25 | 2003-03-11 | Amnis Corporation | Measuring the velocity of small moving objects such as cells |
| JP5557114B2 (en) * | 2011-01-13 | 2014-07-23 | 茂雄 細川 | Spatial filter anemometer and flow velocity measuring method |
-
1982
- 1982-09-07 JP JP15572382A patent/JPS5944608A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5944608A (en) | 1984-03-13 |
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