JPH01298001A - Hydrogen and hydrogen isotope recovery equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a nuclear fusion reactor using deuterium (D)-1-lithium (T) as fuel, and particularly relates to a fuel gas circulation system, a breeding blanket system, and a nuclear fusion reactor that uses deuterium (D)-1-lithium (T) as fuel. This invention relates to a recovery device suitable for recovering tritium in airflow, such as in safety systems.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, tritium in the air stream has been recovered using the action of an oxidation catalyst to recover tritium, whose chemical form is hydrogen.

The method used is to oxidize it into water and then recover it using a molecular sieve. (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 52-145697) [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In the above-mentioned conventional technology, the recovered tritiated water is used.

In order to reuse tritium as fuel, it is necessary to reduce tritium to the chemical form of hydrogen, T2, using a reduction catalyst column or electrolysis after it is desorbed from the molecular sieve, making the device configuration complicated.

An object of the present invention is to provide a highly efficient recovery device by reducing Too of tritium in a gas to T2 and separating and recovering T2 produced in one reaction in the same device. .

[Means to solve the problem]

The above object is achieved by supporting a hydrogen and hydrogen isotope permeable membrane on one side of the porous glass carrier membrane in contact with the catalyst layer.

[Effect]

In carrier gases such as helium and nitrogen gas, hydrogen and hydrogen isotopes exist in the chemical forms of water and hydrogen. Carbon monoxide C
When reacted with O, it is converted to hydrogen according to the following formula.

Hz ○ + CO3H2+ C02 This reaction is called a water gas reaction, and hydrogen is produced at low temperatures, but the activity of the catalyst increases at high temperatures. The temperature range for low-temperature catalysts based on copper oxide and zinc monoxide is 180 to 300°C.
is appropriate.

This reaction is an equilibrium reaction, so to move the reaction to the right,
It is necessary to remove the Hz (including thorium) generated within the system as soon as possible. Therefore, a group of porous glass carrier tubes supporting a metal membrane that selectively permeates hydrogen and hydrogen isotopes is installed in the catalyst layer, and only the hydrogen and hydrogen isotopes produced in the reaction are discharged from the system. can be recovered.

〔Example〕

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. Tritium is present in the N2 gas carrier gas at 1゛20, or in the chemical form of water such as DTO, HT○, and T2.
The gas containing tritium, which exists in the chemical form of hydrogen such as DT and HT, is introduced into the reaction vessel 1.

The reaction vessel 1 contains catalyst particles 4 that reduce water to hydrogen gas in the coexistence of CO, such as oxidized steel zinc monoxide (CuO-Zn).
O) Filled with catalyst. Further, within the packed bed of catalyst particles 4, a hydrogen permeable metal, for example,
A hydrogen separation and recovery tube 5 carrying palladium and its alloys, or nickel and its alloys in the form of a thin film is inserted. Note that, as the porous glass carrier tube 6, a glass tube whose main component is silica dioxide 3iSiO2 having through-holes with an average pore diameter of about 50 is suitable. in carrier gas,
Tritium is the chemical form of water, T2C, DTO, or HTO is the chemical form of hydrogen, T2. DT,
Converted to HT. Now, if the mole fraction of water at the inlet is 0.001, the mole fraction of hydrogen is 0.002.000, the mole fraction is 0.005, and the temperature is 204°C, then H20+
The equilibrium constant in the reaction of CO-+ H2+ COz is
is 206.8.

In this case, the conversion ratio from Hz0 to Hz remains at 0.996 if the hydrogen separation and recovery tube 5 is not inserted, but by inserting the hydrogen separation and recovery tube 5, the coexisting hydrogen is forced into the system. By discharging to
I was able to improve it to.

In this case, the permeability of the hydrogen-permeable metal thin film 7 in the hydrogen separation and recovery tube 5 is inversely proportional to the membrane thickness, so it is better to be as thin as possible, and a thickness of 17 mm or less is suitable.

Hydrogen recovered by the hydrogen separation and recovery pipe 5 can be almost completely recovered by operating the vacuum exhaust system 3 and ventilating the hydrogen storage alloy filled container 2. In this case, in order to keep the partial pressure of hydrogen as low as possible, uranium or titanium is used as the storage alloy.

FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the hydrogen separation and recovery tube 5 and the catalyst particles 4.

In (A), a hydrogen separation and recovery tube is inserted into the catalyst particle packed bed, and hydrogen and hydrogen isotopes generated in one reaction move from the outside to the inside and are recovered through the hydrogen separation and recovery tube. (B)
is a method in which catalyst particles 4 are filled in the hydrogen separation and recovery pipe S,
In this case, hydrogen and hydrogen isotopes generated in the reaction migrate from the inside to the outside, are introduced into the hydrogen storage alloy filling container 2, and are stored in the alloy as a hydride or a solid solution and recovered.

In the figure, 8 is a carrier gas inlet, 9 is a carrier gas outlet,
1o is a hydrogen discharge port, and 11 is a C○ supply 1].

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to the present invention, hydrogen and hydrogen isotopes produced in the reaction can be removed from the reaction system by permeating them into a hydrogen separation and recovery tube carrying a hydrogen-permeable thin membrane.
It has the effect of increasing the reaction efficiency of the catalyst.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a system diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is a sectional view showing the position (lvI) between the hydrogen separation and recovery tube of the present invention and the catalyst particles. 1... Reaction vessel, 2...・Hydrogen storage alloy filled container, 3
- Vacuum exhaust system, 4... Catalyst particles, 5... Hydrogen separation and recovery tube, 6... Porous glass carrier tube, 7 - Hydrogen permeable gold i thin film, 8... Carrier gas inlet, 9... Carrier gas outlet, 10 Hydrogen discharge port, 11...CO supply port. No. 12 Z diagram

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In an apparatus for reducing hydrogen and hydrogen isotopes whose chemical form is water in a gas to hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst in the coexistence of carbon monoxide, comprising: a catalyst layer; A porous glass carrier carrying a permeable membrane that easily permeates hydrogen whose chemical form is hydrogen and hydrogen isotopes is provided in contact with the hydrogen, and the hydrogen and hydrogen isotopes produced in the reaction are selectively permeable. Features hydrogen and hydrogen isotope reduction and recovery equipment.