JPH0123544B2 - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- JPH0123544B2 JPH0123544B2 JP58045278A JP4527883A JPH0123544B2 JP H0123544 B2 JPH0123544 B2 JP H0123544B2 JP 58045278 A JP58045278 A JP 58045278A JP 4527883 A JP4527883 A JP 4527883A JP H0123544 B2 JPH0123544 B2 JP H0123544B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- amount
- alloy
- creep
- atomic ratio
- creep rupture
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Description
本発明は優れた高温脆化特性、高温腐食特性、
溶接性をもつオーステナイト系耐熱合金に係わる
ものである。
1974年オイルシヨツク以後原油等燃料の高騰に
より電力の発電コストに占める燃料費の割合が大
きくなり、その後米国では火力発電用タービンの
高温、高圧化が計画されている。我国では米国よ
りも燃料が高価であるので、米国よりさらに高
温、高圧化に進むものと考えられる。高温、高圧
化によつて得られるブラントの効率の上昇分は、
例えば蒸気温度を現状の538℃から650℃に高め、
蒸気圧力を3500psigから5000psigまで高めた場合
約7%であるといわれている。このような蒸気条
件で使用できるボイラー用耐熱合金の開発が進め
られている。
蒸気温度650℃の場合ボイラーのメタル温度は
720℃付近になるが、この使用温度に耐えうる耐
熱材料は従来のSUS347,SUS316,SUS310など
のオーステナイトステンレス鋼では不十分でさら
に高強度のものが必要になる。また従来のオース
テイトステンレス鋼例えばSUS347やSUS316で
は常温の耐食性を中心に考えて開発されてきたの
で、高温の使用に耐えうるものに化学成分的な検
討を加え、高温強度、高温腐食性、溶接性などの
点においてボイラー用材料に必要な性能を具備す
る耐熱合金を開発する必要がある。
なお、このような用途に対する技術として特開
昭52―149213号公報記載の鋼が提案されている
が、該材料はNiが6.8〜20%と比較的低く含有さ
れているものであり、そのため耐熱オーステナイ
ト鋼の高温長時間脆化特性に対し悪影響を及ぼす
σ相が生成され易く、この点で前記目的を十分に
解決するに到つていない。
本発明はこのような情況にかんがみ、種々の実
験事実を総合的に判断した結果全く新規な成分の
耐熱合金を開発することに成功し、本発明をなし
たものである。即ち本発明は重量パーセントで
C0.02〜0.15%、Si0.3〜2.0%、Mn0.3〜1.5%、
Cr18〜25%、Ni20.5〜50%、Mo0.5〜3.0%、
Ti0.03〜0.3%、Nb0.05〜0.6%、B0.003〜0.01%、
N0.3%以下を含有し、P0.04%以下,S0.005%以
下に制限し、かつNbとTiの割合Nb/Tiが原子
比で0.5〜3であり、(Nb+Ti)/(C+N)の
原子比が0.2〜0.85であつて残部鉄および不可避
不純物からなることを特徴とするオーステナイト
系耐熱合金である。
以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。
先ずCの成分限定理由について述べると、炭化
物の形状や分布はクリープ破断強さや破断伸びに
大きな影響を与えるので、C量はCr,Mo,Ti,
B,Nbとクリープ特性に効果的な、炭化物を形
成するに必要な量を最少限添加する必要がある。
一方溶接時高温割れを防止するためにはC量をで
きる限り下げる必要がある。以上の観点からCの
下限を0.02%、望ましくは0.05%、上限を0.15%
と定めた。
次にSiの成分範囲を0.3〜2.0%と定めたのは次
のような実験に基づくものである。第1図は
C0.08%、Mn1.0%、Crを16%(図中〇印)19%
(図中●印)および22%(図中◎印)の3水準に
しNi35%、Mo1.5%、Ti0.2%、Nb0.2%、
B0.005%、P0.02%、S0.002%以下の成分を有す
る合金についてSiを変化させて、650℃,200hr人
工灰中で高温腐食試験を行つた結果を示したもの
であつて、同図に示すように、Siを増すと高温腐
食量を著しく減少することが判つた。しかしなが
ら一方第1図と同一成分系の合金を3水準のCr
量即ち16%(〇印),19%(●印),22%(◎印)
に分けてそれぞれSi%を変化させて700℃のクリ
ープ破断時間を調べた。その結果高温クリープ強
さは第2図に示すようにCr量に関係なくSiを高
めると低減することがわかる。
以上第1図および第2図の知見から、Si量は耐
高温腐食性の点から添加する必要があり、
SUS347程度の耐高温腐食性を維持するためには
少なくとも0.3%以上、望ましくは0.4%以上添加
する必要があるが、Si量が多過ぎるとクリープ破
断強さが減少するので、SUS347以上の高温クリ
ープ破断強さを維持するためにはSi量を2.0%以
下にすることが必要である。これらの理由によつ
てSi量の下限を0.3%、上限を2.0%とした。
なお、Siの上限は1.5%を超えても耐高温腐食
性の向上はそれ程顕著でないので望ましくは1.5
%以下とする。
Mnは脱酸を十分行い、健全な鋳塊を得るため
に必要で、鋼中に不純物として含有されるS成分
を固定し、熱間脆性を防止し、溶接性・熱間加工
性を向上させるので0.3%以上、望ましくは0.8%
以上は必要である。しかし添加量が多過ぎると耐
酸化性を損うので上限を1.5%、望ましくは1.3%
とした。
Crは高温クリープ強度、耐高温酸化性などを
向上させるので、耐熱合金にとつては必須の元素
である。SUS347と同等以上の耐高温酸化性が必
要なので、Cr量の下限をSUS347のCr量と同量の
18%とした。しかしCr量が多いと長時間加熱に
よりσ脆化が起こり易くなる。
25Cr―20Niオーステナイトステンレス鋼、
SUS310以上のσ脆化特性を確保するためにCr量
の上限を25%とした。
Niは鋼に10%以上添加すると体心立方構造の
鋼を面心立方構造の鋼に変えるので、安定した高
温強度を確保する上で欠かせない元素であるが、
ボイラーなど高温で長時間使用される高Cr系耐
熱鋼に起こるσ脆化を抑制するためには20.5%以
上、望ましくは24%以上添加する必要がある。し
かしNi量が多くオーステナイトが安定になると、
加工硬化が起こり易く熱間加工性が劣化する。ま
たコストの面でもNi量が多くなると高価になる。
以上の理由によりNiの上限を50%とした。
Moは固溶体硬化作用や析出硬化作用によつて
クリープ破断強さを高めるのに必要な元素である
ので添加量の下限を0.5%、望ましくは1.4%とし
た。しかしMoはσ相の形成を促進し、長時間脆
化を起こし易く、更に高温での耐食性を悪くする
ので添加量の上限を3.0%、望ましくは2.5%とし
た。
Ti,Nbは炭、窒化物形成元素でクリープ破断
特性の改善に効果があることは従来認められてい
るが、TiとNbの割合に関し本発明者らは従来の
知見とは異る新たな知見を得た。すなわち第3図
はSi量を2水準即ち0.5%Si(〇)及び2.0%Si(●)
と変えた0.1%C,1.0%Mn,20%Cr,25%Ni,
1.4%Mo,0.005%B,0.02%P,0.003%Sの成
分の合金でTi:Nbの原子比を種種変化させて、
750℃、12kgf/mm2のクリープ破断時間を調べた
ものであるが、同図に示すようにNb/Tiの原子
比が3まではNbの割合が多くなるに従つてクリ
ープ破断強さが強くなる。これはたとえば特公昭
50―3967号公報に示された従来の知見でNb/Ti
の原子比が1:1の時クリープ強さが最も強くな
るとされているのとは異なり、NbとTiの割合に
おいて原子比で3まではNbの割合が多いほどク
リープ破断強さが強くなることを示している。第
3図の結果からNb/Tiの原子比においてNbの
割合が少なくなることはクリープ強さを低下させ
るので、Nb量は原子比でTi量の1/2以上、望ま
しくは1以上必要である。また同図からも判るよ
うにNb量を原子比で3を超えて添加してもクリ
ープ強さの増加は期待できない。したがつてNb
量は原子比でTi量の3倍以下に制限する必要が
ある。
またTi,NbはC或いはCとNの析出物を作る
ことによりクリープ特性を改善しているので、
Nb,Tiの適正添加量はC量或いはC,N量との
関係(Nb+Ti)/(C+N)によつて決まる。
しかしC量或いはC,N量のみを変えてもクリー
プ強さは変化するので、Nb,Ti量と共にC量或
いはC,N量を変えて(Nb+Ti)/(C+N)
との関係を調べても、原子比の効果とC或いは
C,Nの効果が重畳して、強さに及ぼす(Nb+
Ti)/(C+N)の影響をは握することは困難
である。本発明者らはこの点に注目しC量或いは
C,N量を一定にし、Nb,Tiのみを変化させる
ことによつて(Nb+Ti)/(C+N)の原子比
を変え、クリープ破断特性に及ぼす影響を明らか
にしようと試みた。
第4図はNを2水準即ち0.05%(〇印)及び
0.005%(●印)と変えた0.1%C,0.5%Si,1.0%
Mn,20%Cr,25%Ni,1.0%Mo,0.005%B,
0.02%P,0.003%Sの合金について(Nb+
Ti)/(C+N)の原子比を種々変化させて750
℃、12Kgf/mm2のクリープ破断時間を調べたもの
であるが、上記成分系において(Nb+Ti)/
(C+N)の原子比は0.2〜0.85とすることが必要
であることが判つた。すなわち(Nb+Ti)/
(C+N)の原子比が0.85より大きくなると、
Nb,Tiを含む析出物が粗大化し易く、クリープ
破断特性の改善効果が劣化する0.2未満ではNb,
Tiの効果が現わない。したがつてCとN量を一
定とした場合、(Nb+Ti)の添加限度は(Nb+
Ti)/(C+N)の値が0.2〜0.85の範囲にあり、
また前述の如く、NbとTiの割合はNb/Tiが原
子比で0.5〜3、望ましくは1〜3であることが
必要である。
以上の点を考慮してNbの上限を0.6%、望まし
くは0.5%、Tiの上限を0.3%、望ましくは0.25%
とした。またTi,Nbがクリープ特性に有効に作
用するためにはTiは0.03%以上、望ましくは0.05
%以上、Nbは0.05%以上、望ましくは0.06%以上
存在することが必要である。
Bはクリープ強さを高めるのに0.003%以上は
必要であるが添加量が多いと溶接性および延性が
劣化するので添加量の上限を0.010%、望ましく
は0.007%とした。
Pは添加量が多いとクリープ中析出を促進しク
リープ中脆化を促進させるので上限を0.04%とし
た。
Sも粒界に偏析しクリープ中粒界の脆化を促進
させるので上限を0.005%とした。
Nは高Cr、高Ni系オーステナイト合金の高温
クリープ破断強さを高めることが知られている。
したがつて、本発明の耐熱合金においても、ク
リープ破断強さの要求に応じてNを添加すること
ができる。Nは窒化物の成形によりクリープ破断
強さを高めるが、窒化物による効果を現わすため
にはN量を0.02%以上、望ましくは0.05%以上に
する必要がある。しかしN量が増加するとクリー
プ破断伸びが減少し、またN量が0.3%を超えて
も長時間のクリープ破断強さの増加は少ない。し
たがつてN量の上限を0.3とした。
次に本発明の効果を実施例についてさらに具体
的に述べる。
第1、に供試合金の化学組成、750℃、12Kg
f/mm2の応力でのクリープ破断時間、破断伸び、
(Nb+Ti)/(C+N)の原子比,Nb/Tiの原
子比を示す。第1表に示す各合金のうち、E,
F,K,L,O,P,Q,R,T,U,W,X,
Z,A′,B′は本発明合金、A,B,C,D,G,
H,I,J,M,N,S,V,Yは比較合金であ
る。A合金はSUS347相当材、B合金はSUS304
相当材である。C合金は25Ni―20Crを基本成分
にしたものでTi,Nb,B,Nを添加しないも
の、D合金はB,Nを添加しないものである。E
合金はNを添加せずTi,Nb,Bを添加した本発
明合金で(Nb+Ti)/(C+N)の原子比0.5,
Nb/Tiの原子比を1.0としたもので、この合金の
クリープ破断強さはA,B,C、およびD合金よ
り強く、Nb,Ti,Bがクリープ強さを高くして
いる。F合金はE合金にNを添加した本発明合金
であるが0.06%のN添加によりクリープ破断強さ
がE合金より強くなる。G合金は本発明合金に比
べてC量が上限を超えたもので、クリープ破断強
さがF合金に比べると低下する。またクリープ破
断伸びも減少する。H合金はSiが上限を超えたも
のであるが、Siが高くなるとクリープ破断強さが
著しく減少する。I合金はCrが上限を超えたも
ので、Niも29.6%と若干高くしてあるが、クリー
プ破断強さは本発明合金Fより低い。Cr量が25
%を超えると炭化物やσ相などの金属間化合物に
よるクリープ破断特性の劣化が起こる。J,K,
L,M合金はNb/Tiの原子比をそれぞれ0.25,
0.5,3.0,4.0とし、N添加なしで、(Nb+Ti)/
(C+N)の原子比が0.23〜0.58の範囲にあるも
のであるが、Nb/Tiの原子比が本発明の上限3
を超え例えば4.0になるとM合金のようにクリー
プ破断強さと共にクリープ破断伸びも劣化する。
またこの比が本発明の下限0.5より小さいJ合金
もクリープ破断強さは弱い。N,O,P合金は窒
素を添加したもので(Nb+Ti)/(C+N)の
原子比が0.33〜0.38の範囲でNb/Tiの原子比を
0.25,0.5,3.0と変えたものである。Nb/Tiの原
子比が0.25のN合金はこの比が0.5,3.0の本発明
合金O,Pよりクリープ強さが弱い。Q,R,S
およびW,X,Y,合金はNを添加した場合と、
Nを添加しないそれぞれについてNb/Tiの原子
比を0.8〜1.1とし、(Nb+Ti)/(C+N)の原
子比を0.20〜0.91の範囲でそれぞれ3水準変化し
たものであるが、(Nb+Ti)/(C+N)の原
子比が0.91のS合金,0.90のY合金はこの原子比
が0.2〜0.85の範囲にある本発明のQ,R合金お
よびW,X合金よりクリープ強さと共に破断伸び
も劣化する。T,U,V合金はNを0.107,
0.302,0.389%と変化したもので、N量が0.0048
%、0.060%の本発明合金EFと比較してもN量を
増すとクリープ強さは強くなる。しかし本発明の
上限0.3%を超えたV合金はクリープ破断強さの
増加は少なく、伸びの減少が著しい。A′,B′合
金はNiの下限から上限にまたがるものであるが、
Ni量が著しく変化してもTi,Nb,B,Nなどが
クリープ強さを高くしていると推察される。
以上のように本発明合金は超超臨界圧用ボイラ
ー用鋼として従来の耐熱ステンレス鋼SUS347,
SUS304など或いは高Niステンレス鋼より高温ク
リープ破断強さが強く、耐食性が溶接性なども十
分考慮されたものでありボイラー用材料として優
れた特性をもつ合金である。
The present invention has excellent high temperature embrittlement properties, high temperature corrosion properties,
This relates to austenitic heat-resistant alloys that have weldability. After oil shocks in 1974, the price of crude oil and other fuels skyrocketed, and fuel costs became a larger part of the cost of generating electricity.Since then, in the United States, plans have been made to increase the temperature and pressure of thermal power generation turbines. Since fuel is more expensive in Japan than in the United States, it is thought that the temperature and pressure will be even higher than in the United States. The increase in blunt efficiency obtained by increasing the temperature and pressure is
For example, increasing the steam temperature from the current 538℃ to 650℃,
It is said to be about 7% when the steam pressure is increased from 3500 psig to 5000 psig. Development of heat-resistant alloys for boilers that can be used under such steam conditions is underway. If the steam temperature is 650℃, the boiler metal temperature is
The temperature will be around 720℃, and conventional austenitic stainless steels such as SUS347, SUS316, and SUS310 are not sufficient to withstand this operating temperature, and even higher strength materials are required. Furthermore, since conventional austate stainless steels such as SUS347 and SUS316 have been developed with a focus on corrosion resistance at room temperature, chemical composition has been studied to ensure that they can withstand high-temperature use. There is a need to develop heat-resistant alloys that have the properties necessary for boiler materials in terms of durability and other properties. Although the steel described in JP-A-52-149213 has been proposed as a technology for such uses, this material has a relatively low Ni content of 6.8 to 20%, and therefore has poor heat resistance. The σ phase, which has an adverse effect on the high-temperature, long-term embrittlement properties of austenitic steel, is likely to be produced, and in this respect, the above object has not yet been satisfactorily solved. In view of these circumstances, the present invention was achieved by comprehensively evaluating various experimental facts and successfully developing a heat-resistant alloy with a completely new composition. That is, the present invention is expressed in weight percent.
C0.02~0.15%, Si0.3~2.0%, Mn0.3~1.5%,
Cr18~25%, Ni20.5~50%, Mo0.5~3.0%,
Ti0.03~0.3%, Nb0.05~0.6%, B0.003~0.01%,
Contains N0.3% or less, P0.04% or less, S 0.005% or less, and the ratio of Nb and Ti is 0.5 to 3 in atomic ratio, (Nb + Ti) / (C + N) It is an austenitic heat-resistant alloy characterized by having an atomic ratio of 0.2 to 0.85, with the remainder consisting of iron and inevitable impurities. The present invention will be explained in detail below. First of all, the reason for limiting the C content is that the shape and distribution of carbides have a great effect on creep rupture strength and elongation, so the amount of C is limited to Cr, Mo, Ti,
It is necessary to add B and Nb in the minimum amount necessary to form carbides that are effective for creep properties.
On the other hand, in order to prevent hot cracking during welding, it is necessary to reduce the amount of C as much as possible. From the above viewpoint, the lower limit of C is 0.02%, preferably 0.05%, and the upper limit is 0.15%.
It was determined that Next, the Si component range was determined to be 0.3 to 2.0% based on the following experiment. Figure 1 is
C0.08%, Mn1.0%, Cr 16% (○ mark in the figure) 19%
Ni35%, Mo1.5%, Ti0.2%, Nb0.2%,
This shows the results of a high-temperature corrosion test in artificial ash at 650°C for 200 hours with varying Si on alloys having components of B0.005%, P0.02%, S0.002% or less, As shown in the figure, it was found that increasing the Si content significantly reduced the amount of high-temperature corrosion. However, on the other hand, an alloy with the same composition as in Fig. 1 has three levels of Cr.
Amount: 16% (○ mark), 19% (● mark), 22% (◎ mark)
The creep rupture time at 700℃ was investigated by changing the Si% in each case. As a result, it can be seen that the high temperature creep strength decreases as the Si content increases, regardless of the Cr content, as shown in Figure 2. From the findings in Figures 1 and 2 above, the amount of Si needs to be added from the viewpoint of high temperature corrosion resistance.
In order to maintain the high temperature corrosion resistance of SUS347, it is necessary to add at least 0.3% or more, preferably 0.4% or more, but if the amount of Si is too large, the creep rupture strength will decrease, so In order to maintain breaking strength, it is necessary to keep the Si content at 2.0% or less. For these reasons, the lower limit of the amount of Si was set at 0.3% and the upper limit was set at 2.0%. Note that even if the upper limit of Si exceeds 1.5%, the improvement in high-temperature corrosion resistance is not so remarkable, so it is preferably 1.5%.
% or less. Mn is necessary to sufficiently deoxidize and obtain a sound ingot. It fixes the S component contained as an impurity in steel, prevents hot embrittlement, and improves weldability and hot workability. So 0.3% or more, preferably 0.8%
The above is necessary. However, if the amount added is too large, it will impair oxidation resistance, so the upper limit should be 1.5%, preferably 1.3%.
And so. Cr improves high-temperature creep strength, high-temperature oxidation resistance, etc., so it is an essential element for heat-resistant alloys. Since high-temperature oxidation resistance equivalent to or higher than SUS347 is required, the lower limit of the Cr content is set to the same amount as the Cr content of SUS347.
It was set at 18%. However, if the amount of Cr is large, σ embrittlement is likely to occur due to long-term heating. 25Cr―20Ni austenitic stainless steel,
In order to ensure the σ embrittlement properties of SUS310 or higher, the upper limit of the Cr content was set at 25%. When Ni is added to steel in an amount of 10% or more, it changes a steel with a body-centered cubic structure into a steel with a face-centered cubic structure, so it is an essential element to ensure stable high-temperature strength.
In order to suppress the σ embrittlement that occurs in high Cr heat-resistant steels that are used for long periods at high temperatures, such as in boilers, it is necessary to add 20.5% or more, preferably 24% or more. However, when the amount of Ni is large and the austenite becomes stable,
Work hardening is likely to occur and hot workability deteriorates. Also, in terms of cost, the larger the amount of Ni, the more expensive it becomes.
For the above reasons, the upper limit of Ni was set at 50%. Since Mo is an element necessary to increase creep rupture strength through solid solution hardening and precipitation hardening, the lower limit of the amount added is set to 0.5%, preferably 1.4%. However, Mo promotes the formation of the σ phase, tends to cause long-term embrittlement, and further deteriorates corrosion resistance at high temperatures, so the upper limit of the amount added is set to 3.0%, preferably 2.5%. Ti and Nb are carbon- and nitride-forming elements, and it has been previously recognized that they are effective in improving creep rupture properties. I got it. In other words, Figure 3 shows two levels of Si content: 0.5%Si (〇) and 2.0%Si (●).
0.1%C, 1.0%Mn, 20%Cr, 25%Ni,
By varying the Ti:Nb atomic ratio in an alloy of 1.4%Mo, 0.005%B, 0.02%P, and 0.003%S,
The creep rupture time was investigated at 750℃ and 12kgf/ mm2 , and as shown in the figure, as the Nb ratio increases, the creep rupture strength increases until the Nb/Ti atomic ratio is 3. Become. This is, for example, Tokko Akira.
Based on the conventional knowledge shown in Publication No. 50-3967, Nb/Ti
Unlike the fact that the creep strength is said to be strongest when the atomic ratio of Nb and Ti is 1:1, the creep rupture strength becomes stronger as the Nb ratio increases up to 3. It shows. From the results shown in Figure 3, a decrease in the proportion of Nb in the Nb/Ti atomic ratio lowers the creep strength, so the amount of Nb needs to be at least 1/2 of the amount of Ti in terms of atomic ratio, preferably at least 1. . Further, as can be seen from the same figure, even if the amount of Nb is added in an atomic ratio exceeding 3, no increase in creep strength can be expected. Therefore Nb
The amount needs to be limited to 3 times or less the amount of Ti in terms of atomic ratio. In addition, Ti and Nb improve creep characteristics by forming C or C and N precipitates.
The appropriate amounts of Nb and Ti to be added are determined by the amount of C or the relationship with the amounts of C and N (Nb+Ti)/(C+N).
However, the creep strength changes even if only the amount of C or the amount of C, N is changed, so by changing the amount of C or the amount of C, N as well as the amount of Nb and Ti, (Nb + Ti) / (C + N)
Even if we examine the relationship between
It is difficult to grasp the influence of Ti)/(C+N). The present inventors focused on this point and changed the atomic ratio of (Nb+Ti)/(C+N) by keeping the amount of C or the amount of C and N constant and changing only Nb and Ti, and investigated the effect on creep rupture properties. An attempt was made to clarify the impact. Figure 4 shows N at two levels, namely 0.05% (marked with a circle) and
0.1%C, 0.5%Si, 1.0% changed to 0.005% (● mark)
Mn, 20%Cr, 25%Ni, 1.0%Mo, 0.005%B,
Regarding the alloy of 0.02%P, 0.003%S (Nb+
750 by varying the atomic ratio of Ti)/(C+N)
The creep rupture time was investigated at 12Kgf/ mm2 at 12Kgf/mm2.
It has been found that the atomic ratio of (C+N) needs to be between 0.2 and 0.85. That is, (Nb+Ti)/
When the atomic ratio of (C+N) is greater than 0.85,
If it is less than 0.2, the precipitates containing Nb and Ti tend to become coarse and the effect of improving creep rupture properties deteriorates.
The effect of Ti does not appear. Therefore, if the amounts of C and N are constant, the addition limit of (Nb+Ti) is (Nb+
The value of Ti)/(C+N) is in the range of 0.2 to 0.85,
Further, as described above, the ratio of Nb and Ti is necessary to have an atomic ratio of Nb/Ti of 0.5 to 3, preferably 1 to 3. Considering the above points, the upper limit of Nb is set to 0.6%, preferably 0.5%, and the upper limit of Ti is set to 0.3%, preferably 0.25%.
And so. In addition, in order for Ti and Nb to effectively affect the creep characteristics, the Ti content should be 0.03% or more, preferably 0.05%.
% or more, Nb needs to be present in an amount of 0.05% or more, preferably 0.06% or more. B is necessary in an amount of 0.003% or more to increase creep strength, but if the amount added is too large, weldability and ductility deteriorate, so the upper limit of the amount added is set to 0.010%, preferably 0.007%. If P is added in a large amount, it promotes precipitation during creep and promotes embrittlement during creep, so the upper limit was set at 0.04%. Since S also segregates at grain boundaries and promotes embrittlement of grain boundaries during creep, the upper limit was set at 0.005%. It is known that N increases the high-temperature creep rupture strength of high-Cr, high-Ni austenitic alloys. Therefore, also in the heat-resistant alloy of the present invention, N can be added depending on the requirements for creep rupture strength. N increases the creep rupture strength by forming nitrides, but in order to exhibit the effect of nitrides, the amount of N needs to be 0.02% or more, preferably 0.05% or more. However, as the amount of N increases, the creep rupture elongation decreases, and even if the amount of N exceeds 0.3%, the increase in long-term creep rupture strength is small. Therefore, the upper limit of the N amount was set to 0.3. Next, the effects of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. First, chemical composition of the gold used, 750℃, 12Kg
Creep rupture time at stress of f/mm 2 , elongation at break,
The atomic ratios of (Nb+Ti)/(C+N) and Nb/Ti are shown. Among the alloys shown in Table 1, E,
F, K, L, O, P, Q, R, T, U, W, X,
Z, A', B' are the alloys of the present invention, A, B, C, D, G,
H, I, J, M, N, S, V, and Y are comparative alloys. Alloy A is equivalent to SUS347, Alloy B is SUS304
It is equivalent material. The C alloy has 25Ni-20Cr as its basic component and does not contain Ti, Nb, B, or N, and the D alloy does not contain B or N. E
The alloy is an alloy of the present invention in which Ti, Nb, and B are added without adding N, and the atomic ratio of (Nb+Ti)/(C+N) is 0.5.
With an Nb/Ti atomic ratio of 1.0, the creep rupture strength of this alloy is stronger than that of A, B, C, and D alloys, and Nb, Ti, and B increase the creep strength. The F alloy is an alloy of the present invention in which N is added to the E alloy, and the addition of 0.06% N makes the creep rupture strength stronger than that of the E alloy. The G alloy has a C content exceeding the upper limit compared to the alloy of the present invention, and its creep rupture strength is lower than that of the F alloy. Creep rupture elongation is also reduced. Although the H alloy has a Si content exceeding the upper limit, the creep rupture strength decreases significantly as the Si content increases. Alloy I has a Cr content exceeding the upper limit and a slightly higher Ni content of 29.6%, but its creep rupture strength is lower than that of the alloy F of the present invention. Cr content is 25
%, creep rupture properties deteriorate due to intermetallic compounds such as carbides and σ phase. J, K,
L and M alloys have Nb/Ti atomic ratios of 0.25 and 0.25, respectively.
0.5, 3.0, 4.0, without N addition, (Nb+Ti)/
The atomic ratio of (C+N) is in the range of 0.23 to 0.58, but the atomic ratio of Nb/Ti is within the upper limit of 3 according to the present invention.
If it exceeds, for example, 4.0, the creep rupture strength and creep rupture elongation will deteriorate like the M alloy.
Also, the J alloy whose ratio is smaller than the lower limit of 0.5 according to the present invention also has a weak creep rupture strength. N, O, P alloys are those to which nitrogen is added, and the atomic ratio of Nb/Ti is in the range of 0.33 to 0.38 (Nb+Ti)/(C+N).
The values were changed to 0.25, 0.5, and 3.0. The N alloy with an Nb/Ti atomic ratio of 0.25 has a lower creep strength than the present alloys O and P with this ratio of 0.5 and 3.0. Q, R, S
and W, X, Y, alloy with N added,
For each case without adding N, the atomic ratio of Nb/Ti was set to 0.8 to 1.1, and the atomic ratio of (Nb+Ti)/(C+N) was changed to three levels in the range of 0.20 to 0.91, but (Nb+Ti)/( An S alloy with an atomic ratio of 0.91 (C+N) and a Y alloy with an atomic ratio of 0.90 have lower creep strength and elongation at break than the Q, R alloy and W, X alloy of the present invention, which have an atomic ratio in the range of 0.2 to 0.85. For T, U, V alloys, N is 0.107,
The amount of N changed from 0.302 to 0.389%, and the amount of N was 0.0048.
% and 0.060% of the present alloy EF, the creep strength increases as the amount of N increases. However, V alloys in which the content exceeds the upper limit of 0.3% according to the present invention show little increase in creep rupture strength and significant decrease in elongation. A′ and B′ alloys range from the lower limit to the upper limit of Ni,
It is presumed that Ti, Nb, B, N, etc. increase the creep strength even if the Ni content changes significantly. As described above, the alloy of the present invention is used as a steel for super-supercritical pressure boilers, compared to the conventional heat-resistant stainless steel SUS347.
It has higher temperature creep rupture strength than SUS304 or high-Ni stainless steel, and has excellent corrosion resistance and weldability, making it an excellent material for boilers.
【表】【table】
Claims (1)
〜2.0%、Mn0.3〜1.5%、Cr18〜25%、Ni20.5〜
50%、Mo0.5〜3.0%、Ti0.03〜0.3%、Nb0.05〜
0.6%、B0.003〜0.01%、N0.3%以下を含有し、
P0.04%以下,S0.005%以下に制限し、かつNbと
Tiの割合Nb/Tiが原子比で0.5〜3であり、(Nb
+Ti)/(C+N)の原子比が0.2〜0.85であつ
て、残部鉄および不可避的不純物からなることを
特徴とするオーステナイト系耐熱合金。1 In weight percent, C0.02-0.15%, Si0.3
~2.0%, Mn0.3~1.5%, Cr18~25%, Ni20.5~
50%, Mo0.5~3.0%, Ti0.03~0.3%, Nb0.05~
Contains 0.6%, B0.003~0.01%, N0.3% or less,
Limit P to 0.04% or less, S to 0.005% or less, and Nb
The ratio of Ti, Nb/Ti, is 0.5 to 3 in atomic ratio, and (Nb
An austenitic heat-resistant alloy having an atomic ratio of +Ti)/(C+N) of 0.2 to 0.85, the balance being iron and inevitable impurities.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4527883A JPS59173249A (en) | 1983-03-19 | 1983-03-19 | Austenitic heat-resistant alloy |
| GB08407103A GB2138446B (en) | 1983-03-19 | 1984-03-19 | Austenitic heat-resistant alloys |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4527883A JPS59173249A (en) | 1983-03-19 | 1983-03-19 | Austenitic heat-resistant alloy |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS59173249A JPS59173249A (en) | 1984-10-01 |
| JPH0123544B2 true JPH0123544B2 (en) | 1989-05-02 |
Family
ID=12714839
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4527883A Granted JPS59173249A (en) | 1983-03-19 | 1983-03-19 | Austenitic heat-resistant alloy |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS59173249A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2138446B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018066573A1 (en) * | 2016-10-03 | 2018-04-12 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Austenitic heat-resistant alloy and welding joint using same |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61179835A (en) * | 1985-01-10 | 1986-08-12 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Corrosion-resistant austenitic steel with excellent high temperature strength |
| AT391484B (en) * | 1986-09-08 | 1990-10-10 | Boehler Gmbh | HIGH-TEMPERATURE, AUSTENITIC ALLOY AND METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION |
| JPH0753898B2 (en) * | 1987-01-24 | 1995-06-07 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | High strength austenitic heat resistant alloy |
| JP2510206B2 (en) * | 1987-07-03 | 1996-06-26 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | High strength austenitic heat resistant steel with low Si content |
| US4853185A (en) * | 1988-02-10 | 1989-08-01 | Haynes International, Imc. | Nitrogen strengthened Fe-Ni-Cr alloy |
| US4981647A (en) * | 1988-02-10 | 1991-01-01 | Haynes International, Inc. | Nitrogen strengthened FE-NI-CR alloy |
| JP2760004B2 (en) * | 1989-01-30 | 1998-05-28 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | High-strength heat-resistant steel with excellent workability |
| US20040156737A1 (en) * | 2003-02-06 | 2004-08-12 | Rakowski James M. | Austenitic stainless steels including molybdenum |
| JP4424471B2 (en) * | 2003-01-29 | 2010-03-03 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Austenitic stainless steel and method for producing the same |
| US20060275168A1 (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2006-12-07 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Austenitic stainless steel |
| KR101326375B1 (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2013-11-11 | 구보다코포레이션 | HEAT-RESISTANT ALLOY CAPABLE OF DEPOSITING FINE Ti-Nb-Cr CARBIDE OR Ti-Nb-Zr-Cr CARBIDE |
| SE0600982L (en) * | 2006-05-02 | 2007-08-07 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | A component for supercritical water oxidation plants, made of an austenitic stainless steel alloy |
| US7985304B2 (en) | 2007-04-19 | 2011-07-26 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Nickel-base alloys and articles made therefrom |
| DE102012014068B3 (en) * | 2012-07-13 | 2014-01-02 | Salzgitter Mannesmann Stainless Tubes GmbH | Austenitic steel alloy with excellent creep rupture strength and oxidation and corrosion resistance at elevated service temperatures |
| JP6852809B2 (en) | 2017-11-15 | 2021-03-31 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | Austenitic heat-resistant steel Welded metal, welded joints, welding materials for austenitic heat-resistant steel, and methods for manufacturing welded joints |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57164972A (en) * | 1981-03-31 | 1982-10-09 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Austenite steel with high strength at high temperature |
| JPS59136464A (en) * | 1983-01-26 | 1984-08-06 | Hitachi Ltd | Boiler tube |
-
1983
- 1983-03-19 JP JP4527883A patent/JPS59173249A/en active Granted
-
1984
- 1984-03-19 GB GB08407103A patent/GB2138446B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018066573A1 (en) * | 2016-10-03 | 2018-04-12 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Austenitic heat-resistant alloy and welding joint using same |
| CN109890992A (en) * | 2016-10-03 | 2019-06-14 | 日本制铁株式会社 | Austenitic heat-resistant alloy and the welding point for using it |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2138446B (en) | 1985-10-02 |
| GB2138446A (en) | 1984-10-24 |
| JPS59173249A (en) | 1984-10-01 |
| GB8407103D0 (en) | 1984-04-26 |
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