JPH01210801A - Method and device for measuring volume - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To quickly and with high accuracy measure the minimum volume of a virtual hexahedron containing a space occupied by a three-dimensional object by placing an object to be measured being a three-dimensional object on three reference planes being orthogonal to each other, and also, allowing the object to be measured to abut on the reference planes of both side parts. CONSTITUTION:A cargo N is placed on a base 1 and pressed so that the corner part of the cargo N abuts on a corner part K1 provided by both side walls 2a, 2b, and a corner part K2 provided by the base 1 and both the side walls 2a, 2b. While maintaining this state, a base 4 and the first and the second arm members 6, 7 are brought to turning movement so as to allow a tip part 8a of a tentacle 8 to come into contact with a corner part (point P) which does not come into contact with the inner both side walls 2a, 2b of the upper corner part of the cargo N and has three axes being vertical to each other. Subsequently, by operating a switch 11, a detection of angles of theta1-theta3 is executed by the first-the third encoders 10a-10c. Data of the angles theta1-theta3 which have been detected in such a way are brought to arithmetic processing 13 through a transmission cable 12. In such a way, a measurement of a space occupied by the cargo N of an orthohexahedron is completed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Purpose of the Invention (Industrial Field of Application)] The present invention provides, for example, when storing cargo in a limited space, the minimum volume of a virtual hexahedron including the space occupied by the cargo. The present invention relates to a method for measuring volume and an apparatus for measuring volume.

(Prior art) For example, when storing cargo in a limited space such as a warehouse, container, refrigerated vehicle, or truck, it may be necessary to know the maximum number of pieces that can be stored in advance. It is necessary to measure the smallest volume of a hexahedron.

For example, when storing cargo in a truncated cone-shaped tub, a hypothetical hexahedron with a square bottom whose side is the diameter of the cargo whose horizontal cross-sectional area is maximum, and the height of the cargo. If the cargo is handled as such, the required volume can be measured.

To this end, we have developed a method of measuring the diameter at which the horizontal cross-sectional area of the cargo is at its maximum and the height of the cargo using a tape measure to calculate the volume. There is a method of measuring the shape of a three-dimensional object using a shape measuring device or three-dimensional optical contour measuring device, and then calculating the volume.

(Issue g to be solved by the invention> In the above-mentioned measurement using a tape measure, when the horizontal cross-section of a three-dimensional object has a complicated shape, or when the shape of the horizontal cross-section of the three-dimensional object is in the height direction) If different,
Determining the base of a virtual hexahedron is troublesome.

Further, although the above-mentioned device can accurately measure the shape of a three-dimensional object, it has the problem of being an expensive device.

The present invention has been made in view of the problems of the prior art described above, and its first purpose is to provide a method for quickly and accurately measuring the minimum volume of a virtual hexahedron including the space occupied by a three-dimensional object. The second object is to provide a device that quickly and accurately measures the minimum volume of a virtual hexahedron including the space occupied by a three-dimensional object, thereby improving volume measurement efficiency.

[Structure of the Invention (Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention for achieving the first object described above includes mounting a three-dimensional object to be measured on the bottom reference plane of three mutually orthogonal reference planes. At the same time, the object to be measured is brought into contact with both side reference surfaces, and each side reference surface of the upper end measurement surface is formed by the upper surface of the object to be measured itself or by a rectangular temporary plane inscribed with this upper surface. An angle formed by one of the side reference planes and a virtual plane perpendicular to the bottom reference plane, including a corner that does not touch and a line of intersection where the side reference planes intersect, and a horizontal plane that includes a predetermined point on the line of intersection. and the straight line connecting this predetermined point to the virtual point on the virtual plane, and the angle between the straight line connecting the virtual point to the predetermined point on the intersection line and the corner from the virtual point. Measure the angle between the connecting straight lines.
This is a volume measurement method in which the volume occupied by the three-dimensional object is calculated from the measured value.

In order to achieve the above second object, the present invention provides a base formed on a flat surface, and a first side wall and a second side wall that are orthogonal to each other are vertically provided, and a solid body placed on the base is provided. The object to be measured is brought into contact with the first side wall and the second side wall, and the upper end measurement surface is formed by the upper surface of the object to be measured itself or by a rectangular temporary plane inscribed with this upper surface,
Angle measuring means for measuring an angle formed by one of the side walls and a virtual plane perpendicular to the base, including a corner of the upper end measurement surface that does not touch the both side walls and an intersection line where the both side walls intersect;
An angle measuring means for measuring an angle between a horizontal plane including a predetermined point on the intersection line and a straight line connecting the predetermined point to a virtual point on the virtual plane; and the space occupied by the three-dimensional object from the angles measured by these angle measuring means, which measure the angle formed by the straight line connecting the virtual point to the corner and the straight line connecting the virtual point to the corner. This is a volume measuring device in which the volume of the volume is inputted to a calculating means for calculating the volume.

(Function) A first side wall and a second side wall that are orthogonal to each other are vertically provided on a base formed on a flat surface, and a three-dimensional object to be measured placed on the base is placed between the first side wall and the second side wall. 2. By forming an upper end measurement surface by a measuring aid that comes into contact with the object to be measured and comes into contact with the object to be measured so as to be formed by the upper surface of the object to be measured itself or by a rectangular virtual plane inscribed with this upper surface. , all planes of the virtual hexahedron including the space occupied by the object to be measured are determined. An angle formed by one of the side walls and a virtual plane perpendicular to the base, which includes the corner portions of the upper end measurement surface of the virtual hexahedron that do not touch both side walls and the intersection line where the both side walls intersect; An angle between a horizontal plane including a predetermined point on the intersection line and a straight line connecting this predetermined point to a virtual point on the virtual plane, and a straight line connecting the virtual point to a predetermined point on the intersection line. The angle between the virtual point and the straight line connecting the corner can be measured, and the volume of the virtual hexahedron can be calculated from these measured values. This improves the efficiency of measuring the smallest volume of the virtual hexahedron including the space occupied by the object to be measured.

(Example) Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained based on the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a volume measuring method and a volume measuring device embodying the device according to an embodiment of the present invention. In addition,
The virtual lines in the figure indicate rectangular coordinates with the X, Y, and Z axes as coordinate axes, and O is the origin thereof.

As shown in FIG. 1, this volume measuring device has a base 1 formed on a flat surface as a reference surface on which a three-dimensional object to be measured N is placed. Further, the reference surfaces 2.2 on both sides with which the object to be measured N comes into contact are made up of a first side wall 2a and a second side wall 2b, which have a height equal to or higher than the height of the object to be measured and are formed on a flat surface. , these side walls 2a, 2b are provided with 1 at right-angled corners, and are erected perpendicularly to the base 1.

A position detection device 3 is provided at the upper end point A of the corner portion 1 of the both side walls 2a, 2b for detecting the position of the corner portion P of the upper end surface of the object to be measured N that is not in contact with the side walls 2a, 2b. We are prepared.

This position detection device 3 consists of a base 4 rotatably mounted around a point A on the Z-axis, and a pin (located at the origin O) of a support stand 5 erected on the base 4 as a fulcrum. It has a first arm member 6 that is movably attached, and a second arm member 7 that is rotatably attached to the first arm member 6. A tentacle 8 that is brought into contact with the corner P of the object N is fixed to the tip of the second arm member 7. Said first
, the second arm member 6.7 is set to be rotatable in the XY plane, that is, a plane perpendicular to the base 1 and including the origin O, for example, parallel to the plane R, and the tip of the tentacle 8 Part 8
a is provided so as to be located on the plane R. The first and second arm members 6.7 are connected to the tip 8 of the tentacle 8.
a has a length that allows it to move at least within the space formed by the base 1 and both side walls 2a and 2b.

Further, a rotation angle θ1 formed by a mark 9 indicating the direction of the tip 8a of the tentacle 8 on the base 4 and the first side wall 2a;
In other words, the first encoder 10a is provided on the rotation axis of the base plate 4 to detect the angle θ1 formed by the Xz plane and a plane including the origin ○ and the tip 8a and perpendicular to the XY plane. Further, a second encoder 10b for detecting the angle θ2 formed between the first arm member 6 and the XY plane is attached to the support base 5.
provided on the pin of the first arm member 6 and the second arm;
a third encoder 10 that detects the angle θ3 formed by the member 7;
c is provided on the rotation axis of the first and second arm members 6.7.

Note that reference numeral 11 in the figure indicates a switch attached to the second arm member 7, and by operating this switch, the first, second, and third encoders 10a, 10b,
At 10c, angles θ1, θ2, and θ3 are detected, respectively.

The data of the angles θ1, θ2, θ3 detected by the encoders 10a, 10b, 10c are transmitted to the arithmetic processing unit 1.3 via the transmission cable 12, and the arithmetic processing unit 13 performs a predetermined calculation to calculate the volume. It is designed to calculate and output the calculation result.

Next, the principle of calculation will be explained according to FIG.

Assume that the volume of a rectangular hexahedron N is determined in rectangular coordinates with the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis as coordinate axes. Note that the bottom surface of the rectangular hexahedron N is the XY plane, and the two side surfaces are the XZ plane, and
Assume that it is in close contact with the YZ plane.

Here, the coordinates of point P are P(x, y, z), the coordinates of point A are A (0, O, a>, and the coordinates of point C are C(0, O
,z). In addition, point P, point A, point B, and point C all exist on a plane perpendicular to the XY plane, for example, plane R, and the angle between the XZ plane and plane R is θ1, which is parallel to the XY plane. Let the angle between the X-Y-plane containing point A and side AB be 0.
2, and the angle formed by side AB and side BP is θ3. Note that the length of side AB is assumed to be Ll, and the length of side BP is assumed to be L2.

Under the above conditions, if attention is first paid to the upper end surface of the rectangular hexahedron N, and the length r of the side CP is found, the values of X and y can be calculated. That is, by trigonometry, x=r −cosθ1 y=r −s i nθ1 can be easily derived.

Next, the calculation of "r, I!" will be explained with reference to FIG.

The dot in the figure is the intersection of side CP and the perpendicular line from point B to side CP, and the intersection of the Let F be the intersection of

First, it is clear that in the triangle ABE, the angle α between the side AE and the side BE is α=π−θ2−63. Therefore, in triangle BDP, the angle between side BP and side DP is also α(π−θ
2-θ3), the length r of the side CP is the sum of the length S of the side CD and the length t of the side DP. Further, it is clear that the length of the side CD is the same as the -length of the side AF. Therefore, by trigonometry, it can be calculated as follows: r=s+t=L1cosθ2+L2cosa=L1cosθ2+L2cos (r−θ2−θ3)=L1cosθ2−L2cos (θ2+θ3).

On the other hand, the length U of the side AC is the length V of the side BD minus the length W of the side BF. Therefore, from trigonometry, L1=V-W =L2sinα-Llsinθ2 =L2s in (π-62-θ3)-Llsinθ
2 = L2sin(θ2+03) Llsinθ2 can be calculated.

Here, the coordinates of point A are A(0,0,a>, so the height 2 of rectangular hexahedron N is Z=a-U =a-L2sin(θ2+θ3) +L1sinθ2 To summarize the above, r =L1cosθ2 -L2cos (θ2+θ3) x=r°cosθ1 y=r・sinθ1 z=a−L2s in (θ2+63)+L1sin
θ2 becomes.

As a result, θ1, θ2, θ3, Ll, L2, and a
If is known, x, y, and z can be found, and by multiplying X, y, and Z, the volume of the rectangular hexahedron N can be found.

Next, a procedure for measuring the volume of a rectangular hexahedral cargo N, for example, will be explained.

First, the currency! Place the PIIN on the base 1, both side walls 2a,
Press the cargo so that the corners 1 and 2 come into contact with the corners provided by the base 1 and the side walls 2a and 2b. While maintaining this state, among the upper corners of the cargo N, the corners having three mutually perpendicular axes that are not in contact with both side walls 2a and 2b (corresponding to point P in Fig. 1)
The base 4 and the first and second arm members 6.7 are rotated so as to bring the tips 8a of the tentacles 8 into contact with the base 4 and the first and second arm members 6.7. Then, by operating the switch 11, the first, second and third encoders 10a, 10b and 10c are set to θ1, θ2, respectively.
The angle of θ3 is detected. The angle θ1 thus detected
, θ2, and θ3 are transmitted to the arithmetic processing unit 13 via the transmission cable 12, processed based on the above-mentioned calculation principle, and then outputted as the calculation results. In this way, the measurement of the volume of the space occupied by the rectangular hexahedral cargo N is completed.

Next, a case will be described in which the volume of cargo M in a truncated conical tub is measured.

Since the cargo M does not have a corner having three mutually perpendicular axes, the position detection device 3 cannot be used as is. Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, a cornering aid 14 is required to form corners having three mutually perpendicular axes.

This cornering aid 14 has a top plate 15 having two perpendicular axes.
Then, two side plates 16 having a length equal to or less than the height of the cargo M and a length that can contact the maximum width and maximum depth of the cargo M from the upper end surface are placed at right angles to the top plate 15. A pair of pseudo corner tools 17 and 17 are provided so as to have corners perpendicular to the two axes. Furthermore, a telescopic joint 18 is attached to the top plate 15 for supporting the pseudo corner fittings 17.17 and adjusting the interval between the pseudo corner fittings 1.7.17.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing how to use the cornering aid 14.

First, extend the telescopic joint 18 so that the top plate 15 is in contact with the upper end surface of the cargo M, and the corner portion of one of the pseudo corner fittings 17 is in close contact with the corner portions of the side walls 2a and 2b. so that the two side plates 16 of the other pseudo corner tool contact the maximum width and maximum depth of the cargo M,
The joint 18 is adjusted to expand or contract. In this way, among the upper corners of the virtual hexahedron, the corners having three mutually perpendicular axes that are not in contact with the side walls 2a and 2b are determined. Once the corner is determined, the position detection device 3 can be used, so the subsequent procedure is the same as the procedure for measuring the volume of the rectangular hexahedral cargo N described above.

In the illustrated embodiment, the base and the arithmetic processing unit are placed separately, but they may be integrated into an integrated unit.Moving means such as casters may be provided at the part that comes in contact with the floor for easy movement. may be provided.

In addition, in the illustrated embodiment, the bottom reference surface is only a flat base, but in order to make it easier to carry in and take out the object to be measured, the base may be provided with rollers or the like. A flat plate may be provided on which the top can be moved freely.

Furthermore, a measuring device for measuring the weight of the three-dimensional object to be measured may be incorporated into the base.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, the data necessary to find the minimum volume of a virtual hexahedron that includes the space occupied by a three-dimensional object and has all right angles can be obtained using an angle measuring means. By performing this automatically and further performing data processing in the calculation means, it is possible to improve calculation accuracy, shorten the length measurement process and volume calculation process, and improve volume measurement efficiency.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an automatic volume measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIGS. 2 and 3 are diagrams used to explain the principle of calculation, and FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a cornering aid. The enlarged perspective view, FIG. 5, is a schematic view showing how to use the cornering aid. 1... Base (bottom reference surface), 2... Side reference surface, 2
a...first side wall, 2b...second side wall, 3.
...Position detection device, 6...First arm member, 7
・-・Second arm member, 8...tentacle, 10a, 1
0b, 10C... Encoder (angle measuring means),
12...Transmission cable, 13...Arithmetic processing unit.

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) On the bottom reference plane of the three mutually orthogonal reference planes,
Measurement of the upper end of a three-dimensional object to be measured, which is placed and brought into contact with reference surfaces on both sides, and formed by the upper surface of the object itself or by a rectangular temporary plane inscribed with this upper surface. A virtual plane (R) perpendicular to the bottom reference plane including a corner (P) that does not touch each side reference plane of the surface and an intersection line where the side reference planes intersect, and one of the side reference planes. (θ1), an angle (θ2) between a horizontal plane including a predetermined point on the intersection line and a straight line connecting this predetermined point to a virtual point on the virtual plane (R), and The angle (θ3) formed by the straight line connecting the point to a predetermined point on the intersection line and the straight line connecting the virtual point to the corner (P) is measured, and from this measurement value, it is determined that the three-dimensional object moves in space. A volume measurement method that calculates the occupied volume. (2) A first side wall and a second side wall that are orthogonal to each other are vertically provided on a base formed on a flat surface, and a three-dimensional object to be measured placed on the base is placed on the first side wall. and the second side wall, an upper end measurement surface is formed by the upper surface of the object to be measured itself or a rectangular temporary plane inscribed with this upper surface, and does not contact the both side walls of the upper end measurement surface. An angle measuring means for measuring an angle (θ1) formed by one of the side walls and a virtual plane (R) perpendicular to the base including a corner (P) and an intersection line where the both side walls intersect; An angle measuring means for measuring an angle (θ2) formed by a horizontal plane including a predetermined point and a straight line connecting the predetermined point to a virtual point on the virtual plane (R); These angle measuring means measured the respective signals from the angle measuring means for measuring the angle (θ3) formed by a straight line connecting a predetermined point of and a straight line connecting the virtual point to the corner (P). A volume measuring device configured to calculate the volume of the space occupied by the three-dimensional object based on the angle and input the data to a calculating means.