JPH085833A - Light interference, tube and halogen bulbs and lighting equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] [Objective] To provide a bulb such as a light bulb which has a higher cut rate in the infrared region of 700 to 2000 nm and which suppresses infrared radiation, and a halogen bulb having improved luminous efficiency. The purpose is to [Structure] A transparent base (glass bulb) 1 and a low-refractive-index layer L made of a metal oxide in which at least one set is laminated on the base (glass bulb) 1 with the following order as one set. An optical interferometer (a tube, an illuminating device) including a multilayer optical interference film 5 including an intermediate refractive index layer M ...- High refractive index layer H ...- Intermediate refractive index layer M ...- Low refractive index layer L. . [Effect] Most of the light in the wavelength range from 700 to 2000 nm can be cut, and a strong optical interfering body having high transmittance in the visible range and free from cracks and peeling can be obtained. When applied to a sphere, the luminous efficiency can be improved.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a light interfering body or a tube in which a multi-layered light interference film having a visible light transmitting and infrared reflecting function is formed on the surface of a glass bulb such as a light transmitting substrate or a light bulb.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in order to reduce a cooling load in a high-rise building or an automobile room, a multi-layer optical interference film for blocking heat rays contained in sunlight is provided on a surface of a window glass to save energy. It is being appreciated.

Further, also in the field of bulbs, it is possible to improve efficiency and save energy, for example, by forming a multilayer optical interference film having a visible light transmitting and infrared reflecting function on the surface of a bulb in a halogen bulb or the like. Visible light emitted from the filament is transmitted through the bulb, and infrared rays are reflected by the light interference film to be returned to the filament, thereby heating the filament and increasing luminous efficiency.

As such a light interference film having a visible light transmitting / infrared reflecting function, a titanium oxide (TiO ₂ ) film having a high refractive index and a silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ) film having a low refractive index are used. By alternately stacking layers to form multiple layers and appropriately selecting the number of layers and the thickness of the layers, light interference is utilized to selectively transmit and reflect light in a desired wavelength range.

In this light bulb, the larger the number of layers of the film, the higher the reflectance of infrared rays and the greater the effect of power saving.

However, if the number of layers is increased, the wavelength range 70
Efficiently reflects in the range of 0 to 1500 nm, but if the number of layers is increased to a certain extent or more, the maximum reflectance in the wavelength range of 700 to 1500 nm becomes large, but a transmission peak is likely to occur and 1500 nm or more is similar, and the number of layers is large. Even if the infrared ray blocking rate does not increase, it decreases as shown in FIG. In addition, FIG. 7 shows the transmittance characteristics of the case where 47 layers are formed,
In the figure, the solid line shows that the optical film thickness of some high refractive index layers is λ / 2, and the dotted line shows that the optical film thickness of some low refractive index layers is λ / 2.

[0007]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION In the present invention, in addition to the cut in the infrared region of 700 to 1500 nm, 1500 to 2
It is an object of the present invention to provide a bulb such as a light bulb that has a higher cut rate at 000 nm to suppress infrared radiation and a halogen bulb with improved luminous efficiency.

[0008]

The optical interference body of the present invention has a low refractive index composed of a light-transmissive substrate and a metal oxide in which at least one set is laminated on the substrate in the following order. It is characterized by comprising a multilayer optical interference film composed of a layer, an intermediate refractive index layer, a high refractive index layer, an intermediate refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer.

Further, at least one set of metal oxides is formed in the following order between a high-refractive index layer and a low-refractive index layer made of a light-transmissive substrate and a metal oxide layered on the substrate. And a multi-layered optical interference film including a low refractive index layer, an intermediate refractive index layer, a high refractive index layer, an intermediate refractive index layer, and a low refractive index layer.

Further, the optical film thickness of each layer of a low refractive index layer-intermediate refractive index layer-high refractive index layer-intermediate refractive index layer-low refractive index layer consisting of a set of metal oxides formed in multiple layers is L / 2 · M / 2 · H / a · M / 2 · L / 2 where L is the optical thickness of the low refractive index layer M is the optical thickness of the intermediate refractive index layer H is the optical thickness of the high refractive index layer a is a constant and is characterized by being in the range of 0.85 to 1.15.

Further, the relation of the refractive index of each layer of the low refractive index layer n (multilayered) -intermediate refractive index layer (nm) -high refractive index layer (nh) is formed as follows: nm-n (1) / nh-n (2) = 0.5- It is characterized by being 0.6.

Further, the tube of the present invention is characterized in that the light-transmitting substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is a glass bulb in which a light emitting member is sealed.

Further, the halogen bulb of the present invention comprises a glass bulb in which a coil-shaped filament, an inert gas and halogen are sealed, and a high refractive index layer made of a metal oxide layered on the surface of the glass bulb. A low refractive index layer-intermediate refractive index layer- comprising at least one set of metal oxides in the following order as a set between the low refractive index layers.
A multilayer optical interference film comprising a high refractive index layer, an intermediate refractive index layer, and a low refractive index layer, and the optical film thickness of each layer is L / 2 · M / 2 · H / a · M / 2 · L / 2 where L is the optical thickness of the low refractive index layer M is the optical thickness of the intermediate refractive index layer H is the optical thickness of the high refractive index layer a is a constant in the range of 0.85 to 1,15 The relationship between the formed low-refractive index layer n ■ -intermediate refractive index layer nm-high refractive index layer nh and the refractive index of each layer was set to be nm-n ■ ÷ nh-n ■ = 0.5 to 0.6. It has a feature.

Furthermore, the illumination device of the present invention is characterized in that the tube according to claim 5 or the halogen bulb according to claim 6 is attached to a fixture or a lamp body.

[0015]

[Function] Formed in a multilayer optical interference film (L / 2 · M / 2 ·
H / a ・ M / 2 ・ L / 2), (L / 2 ・ M / 2 ・ H / a
・ M / 2 ・ L / 2), (………………)
(L / 2 low refractive index layer, M = intermediate refractive index layer, H = high refractive index layer) (L / 2 · M / 2 · H / a · M / 2 · L / 2) ⁿ
The combined film acts to cut most of the light rays in the wavelength range of 700 to 2000 nm, and also has a high transmittance in the visible range and can improve the luminous efficiency.

[0016]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a halogen bulb L with a rating of 12V55W used in a bulb, for example a headlight of an automobile. In the figure, 1 is a bulb made of aluminosilicate glass and having a spherical shape with an outer diameter of about 16 mm. Inside the bulb 1, a coiled filament 2 serving as a light source and bromine (Br), chlorine (Cl) iodine At least one halogen such as (I) or fluorine (F) and an inert gas such as argon (Ar) are enclosed. The coil-shaped filament 2 is supported by the internal conductors 3a and 3b and is arranged along the central axis of the bulb 1. In addition, 4 is a crushing sealing part, 6 is the mouthpiece with the attachment position adjustment flange 6a joined to the sealing part 4.

Reference numeral 5 denotes a visible light transmitting / infrared reflecting film formed of a multilayer optical interference film formed on the outer surface of the bulb 1.

The visible light transmitting / infrared reflecting film 5 (hereinafter referred to as "red film") is, as shown in a model enlarged view in FIG. 2, the first layer from the outer surface side of the bulb 1 (glass). Is a low refractive index layer L1 made of a metal oxide having a low refractive index, and the second layer is the above low refractive index layer L ... And a high refractive index layer H ...
The intermediate refractive index layer M2 having a refractive index n between and, the third refractive index layer H3 made of a metal oxide having a higher refractive index than the first refractive index layer, and the fourth refractive index layer H3. The intermediate refractive index layer M4 having the same refractive index n as that of the second layer, the low refractive index layer L5 same as that of the first layer, and the second, fourth The intermediate refractive index layer M6 is the same as the layer, the high refractive index layer H7 is the same as the third layer in the seventh layer, and the intermediate refractive index is the same as the second, fourth, and sixth layers in the eighth layer. The refractive index layer M8 is the low refractive index layer L9 which is the same as the first and fifth layers in the ninth layer, and the intermediate refractive index layer M ... High refractive index layer from the tenth layer to the twentieth layer. H ...- Intermediate refractive index layer M ...- Low refractive index layer L ...- Intermediate refractive index layer M ... are laminated in this order. Also,
From the 21st layer to the 71st layer, the low refractive index layer L2
, L71 and high refractive index layers H22, H ..., H70 are alternately laminated.

That is, the conventional red film 5 is a low refractive index layer L.
, L ... and high-refractive index layers H ..., H ... were alternately laminated, but the red antireflection film 5 of the present invention has a low refractive index from the first layer to the fifth layer. Index layer L1-intermediate refractive index layer M2-
High refractive index layer H3-intermediate refractive index layer M4-low refractive index layer L5,
The fifth to ninth layers, low refractive index layer L5-intermediate refractive index layer M6-high refractive index layer H7-intermediate refractive index layer M8-low refractive index layer L9, ninth to thirteenth layers Etc. Low refractive index layer L ...- Intermediate refractive index layer M ...- High refractive index layer H ...- Intermediate refractive index layer M ...- Low refractive index layer L ... The assembled film 51 of the set is formed.

As a material of each layer constituting the red anti-reflection film 5, for example, the high refractive index layers H ...
iO ₂ ) (refractive index nh = 2.20), the low refractive index layers L ... are silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ) (refractive index n ■ = 1.46),
The intermediate refractive index layers M ... consist of titanium oxide (TiO ₂ ) mixed with 50% by weight of aluminum oxide (Ai ₂ O ₃ ) (refractive index nm = 1.85).

Further, the optical film thickness (H = refractive index nh × film thickness d) of the high refractive index layers H is H / a (a is an experimental result, and the optical characteristics (transmittance characteristics and reflectance characteristics) are (A constant of 0.85 to 1.15 determined to be good), the low refractive index layer L
The optical film thickness of ... (L = refractive index n ■ × film thickness d) is L / 2,
The optical film thickness (M = refractive index nm × film thickness d) of the intermediate refractive index layers M ... Is formed with M / 2, and the relationship of the optical film thickness of the five layers forming the above group is (L / 2. M / 2 · H / a · M / 2 · L / 2) and the relationship of the refractive index n of each layer is in the range of nm-n 2 ÷ nh-n 2 = 0.5 to 0.6.

In order to form the red film 5 as described above by the dipping method, first, the filament 2 is placed in the bulb 1.
Then, the bulb L is sealed and evacuated, and a light bulb L in which a halogen, an inert gas and the like are sealed is prepared. Separately, the high refractive index layer H ...
As a substance that forms, for example, an organic titanium compound such as tetraisopropyl titanate is acetylacetone,
The content of titanium dissolved in an ethanol-based solvent after reacting with polyethylene glycol is 2 to 10% by weight, and the viscosity is about 2.
A titanium solution adjusted to 0 cps and an organic silicon compound such as an ethyl silicate polymer as a substance forming the low refractive index layer L ... Are dissolved in an organic solvent to have a silicon content of 2 to 10% by weight and a viscosity of about 1%. A silicon solution adjusted to 0.0 cps and a mixed solution of the above titanium solution and alumina solution as a substance forming the intermediate refractive index layers M ... Are prepared.

First, the bulb 1 of the light bulb is immersed in the silicon solution described above in a constant temperature and constant humidity atmosphere, pulled up at a predetermined speed, dried, and then dried in air at about 800 ° C. (700 to 900 ° C.).
And the first layer of silicon oxide (Si
A low refractive index layer L1 made of an O ₂ ) film is formed.

Next, the first layer of silicon oxide (Si
The valve 1 on which the O ₂ ) film (L1) was formed was immersed in a titanium / alumina mixed solution in a constant temperature and constant humidity atmosphere, pulled up at a predetermined rate, dried, and then dried in air at about 800 ° C. (700 to 900 ° C.).
C.) for about 10 minutes to form an intermediate refractive index layer M2 made of a titanium oxide / alumina mixed (TiO ₂ .Al ₂ O ₃ ) film as the _second layer.

Next, the valve 1 having the second layer of titanium oxide / alumina mixed (TiO ₂ .Al ₂ O ₃ ) film (L1) formed thereon was immersed in the above titanium solution in a constant temperature and constant humidity atmosphere. And pull up at a predetermined speed, and after drying about 800 in air
° C. (700 to 900 ° C.) a third layer of titanium oxide was calcined for about 10 minutes (TiO ₂₎ to form a high refractive index layer H3 consisting film.

Thereafter, in the same manner as described above, the fourth and subsequent intermediate refractive index layers M, low refractive index layer L, and high refractive index layer H are sequentially laminated to form a total of 71 layers here. There is.

The optical film thickness of each of the above-mentioned films is such that the high refractive index layers H3, H ..., H7 made of a titanium oxide (TiO ₂ ) film.
0 is λ / a (a is a constant determined to be good as a result of experiment, and has good optical characteristics (transmittance characteristic and reflectance characteristic);
.About.1.15), the low refractive index layers L1, L ..., L71 made of a silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ) film are λ / 2, and the titanium oxide / alumina mixed (TiO ₂ Al ₂ O ₃ ) film is used. The intermediate folding rate layers M2, M ..., M20 are formed with λ / 2.

In the film formation by the above dipping, there is a limit to the film thickness which can be formed by one dipping, and the low refractive index layers L1 and L made of a silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ) film for forming a λ / 2 film.
…, L71 and titanium oxide / alumina mixture (TiO ₂
.Alternate folding rate layers M2, M ..., M20 made of Al ₂ O ₃ ) film
Is formed by forming a double layer of a λ / 4 film.
When the light bulb L having the red anti-reflection film 5 is lit,
The filament 2 disposed on the central axis of the bulb 1 generates heat and radiates a large amount of infrared rays together with visible light. Most of the visible light emitted from the filament 2 passes through the bulb 1 and the red anti-membrane 5. It is emitted to the outside of the bulb 1. Moreover, 700 to 1500 nm emitted from the filament 2
In addition to the wavelength range of, infrared rays up to about 2000 nm are reflected by the red anti-reflection film 5 and returned to the filament 2,
Is reheated to increase the light emission, and as a result, the visible light emission from the filament 2 is increased, and the light emission efficiency can be improved.
In addition, the red film did not peel off, and a strong film was obtained.

This is the low refractive index layer L ...- Intermediate refractive index layer M ...- High refractive index layer H ...- Intermediate refractive index layer M ...- Low refractive index layer L. L / 2, M / 2, H / a
・ M / 2 ・ L / 2) as one set acts as a set film 51,
This is for cutting the wavelength of 700 to 2000 nm.
FIG. 3 shows the transmittance characteristics of the assembled film 51.

The low refractive index layer L ...- Intermediate refractive index layer M ...- High refractive index layer H ...- Intermediate refractive index layer M ...
Low refractive index layer L (L / 2, M / 2, H / a, M / 2, L)
When the optical film thickness of / 2) is changed, the unevenness of the transmittance in the visible region becomes large and the visible light transmittance is lowered, which is not preferable. Further, the relational value of the refractive index n of each layer nm-n ■ ÷ nh-
If n (2) is out of the range of 0.5 to 0.6, the unevenness of the transmittance in the visible region becomes large and the visible light transmittance is lowered, which is not preferable.

Further, the optical characteristics of the light bulb in which the red anti-reflection film of the present invention is formed are shown in the graph of FIG. In FIG. 4, the horizontal axis represents wavelength (nm) and the vertical axis represents light transmittance (%). As is apparent from FIG. 4, the cut of the wavelength range of 700 nm or more is higher than that of the conventional light bulb having the red anti-reflection film shown in FIG. 7, and the transmittance lowering range of about 1000 nm or more becomes wider, and The transmittance in the visible region was high and the luminous efficiency was improved. The luminous efficiency of the conventional 47-layer type is about 3 compared to the light bulb without the red film.
Compared to the conventional coated product, the product of the present invention is about 4% compared to the improvement of 6%.
We were able to see an improvement of 4.6%.

The halogen bulb L is used by being mounted on a reflecting mirror 7 which has a reflecting surface 7a made of aluminum or the like formed on the inner surface thereof, which constitutes a lighting device shown in FIG. Reference numeral 8 is a front lens.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, the target for forming the multilayer optical interference film is not limited to a light bulb, but may be formed on the surface of a window glass of a high-rise building or a vehicle to block heat rays to save energy.

The total number of layers of the high refractive index layer, the low refractive index layer and the intermediate refractive index layer constituting the multilayer optical interference film is not limited to 71 in the above embodiment. Further, the low refractive index layer L ...- Intermediate refractive index layer M ...- formed in the red film.
High refractive index layer H ...- Intermediate refractive index layer M ...- Low refractive index layer L ...
The set film in which (L / 2 · M / 2 · H / a · M / 2 · L / 2) is one set (n = 1) is not limited to 5 sets (n = 5) in all layers, It may be appropriately determined according to the total number of layers to be covered ((L
/ 2 · M / 2 · H / a · M / 2 · L / 2) ⁿ ),
The formation location is not limited to the location close to the valve. The multilayer optical interference film may be formed on the bulb surface not only on the outer surface side but also on the inner surface side or both the inner and outer surfaces.

The material of the metal oxide having a high refractive index is not limited to titanium oxide (TiO ₂ ), but tantalum oxide (Ta ₂ O ₅ ), zirconium oxide (ZrO ₂ ), zinc oxide (ZnS), and oxide. With cerium (CeO ₂ ) etc.,
The material of the metal oxide showing a low refractive index is not limited to silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ), but magnesium fluoride (Mg
F ₂ ), cerium fluoride (CeF ₄ ), cryolite (Na ₂
AlF ₆ ) or the like may be used. Further, as the material of the metal oxide having an intermediate refractive index, a mixture of the high and low refractive index materials described above, gadolinium (Gd) alone, and lanthanum (L
a), oxides such as yttrium (Y), praseodymium (Pr), aluminum (Al) and magnesium (Mg), fluorides such as cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La) and neodymium (Nd), titanium oxide (TiOx). ), Silicon oxide (SiOx) and other high and low refractive index materials.

Further, the film formation is not limited to the dipping method, but may be a method such as vacuum vapor deposition, PVD, CVD, or ion plating. Further, the glass material of the bulb is not limited to quartz glass, and other hard or soft glass materials may be used as long as they have the required translucency, optical refractive index and heat resistance. Further, the present invention is not limited to the light bulb L using the spherical bulb 1 described above, but a non-cylindrical bulb 1 such as a cylindrical shape as shown in FIG. 6A or a lemon shape as shown in FIG. The tube used may also be used, and the film is formed on the valve 1 having such a curved surface by adjusting the pulling speed of the valve 1 immersed in the solution according to the state of the curved surface to adjust the film thickness. Does not matter.

Furthermore, the present invention is not limited to a light bulb for an automobile headlight in which a sealing portion is formed at one end of a bulb, and a halogen light bulb for projecting light for other purposes or a light bulb of a type that does not contain halogen. It may be a bulb such as a high pressure discharge lamp such as a metal halide lamp, and the light emitting source in the case of the discharge lamp means a discharge electrode. Alternatively, the sealing part may be a double-ended tube provided at both ends of the valve.

The lighting device to which this tube is attached and used is not limited to the automobile headlight of the embodiment, but a visible / light-reflecting infrared transmitting film such as a light / heat reflecting film or a dichroic film is formed. It does not matter even if it is inside the reflected mirror or various lighting fixtures.

[0039]

As described in detail above, according to the present invention, 7
Not only the wavelength range from 00 to 1500 nm but also most of the light in the wavelength range up to 2000 nm can be cut, and the transmittance is high in the visible range, and a strong optical interfering body without cracks or peeling is obtained. When applied to a bulb, the luminous efficiency can be improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a halogen bulb for an automobile headlamp showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a visible light transmitting infrared reflecting film portion of the electric bulb of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the wavelength and the light transmittance of the assembled film in the optical interference film of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between wavelength and light transmittance.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a headlamp lamp according to an embodiment of the present invention.

6 (a) and 6 (b) are front views of a halogen bulb showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between wavelength and light transmittance of a conventional visible light transmitting infrared reflecting film.

[Explanation of symbols]

 L: Light bulb (tube) 1: Glass bulb 2: Coil-shaped filament (light emitting source) 5: Multi-layer optical interference film (visible light transmitting infrared reflecting film) H3 to H70: High refractive index layer L1 to L71: Low refractive index Layers M2 to M20: Intermediate refractive index layer

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A low-refractive index layer, an intermediate refractive index layer, a high refractive index layer, and a translucent substrate; And a multilayer optical interference film composed of an intermediate refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer. 2. A translucent substrate; and a metal oxide in which at least one layer is laminated between the high-refractive index layer and the low-refractive index layer consisting of a metal oxide layered on this substrate A low-refractive index layer-intermediate refractive index layer-high refractive index layer-intermediate refractive index layer-low refractive index layer composed of a material;
An optical interfering body comprising: 3. The optical film thickness of each layer of the low refractive index layer-intermediate refractive index layer-high refractive index layer-intermediate refractive index layer-low refractive index layer consisting of a set of metal oxides formed in multiple layers, L / 2 ・ M / 2 ・ H / a ・ M / 2 ・ L / 2 where L is the optical film thickness of the low refractive index layer, M is the optical film thickness of the intermediate refractive index layer, and H is the optical film of the high refractive index layer. The thickness a is a constant in the range of 0.85 to 1.15, and the optical interference body according to claim 1 or 2. 4. The relationship between the refractive index of each of the low-refractive index layer n.multidot.-intermediate refractive index layer nm-high refractive index layer nh formed in the multi-layered structure is nm-n.multidot..div.nh-n.multidot. = 0.5. It is -0.6, The optical interference body of Claim 1 or Claim 2 characterized by the above-mentioned. 5. A tube characterized in that the translucent substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is a glass bulb in which a light emitting member is sealed. 6. A glass bulb in which a coiled filament, an inert gas and a halogen are sealed inside; a high-refractive index layer and a low-refractive index layer consisting of a metal oxide layered on the surface of the glass bulb, And a multi-layer optical interference film including a low refractive index layer-intermediate refractive index layer-high refractive index layer-intermediate refractive index layer-low refractive index layer, which is made of metal oxides and has at least one multilayered structure. And the optical film thickness of each layer is L / 2 · M / 2 · H / a · M / 2 · L / 2, where L is the optical film thickness of the low refractive index layer and M is the optical film of the intermediate refractive index layer. The film thickness H is the optical film thickness a of the high refractive index layer, and a is a constant in the range of 0.85 to 1.15, and the low refractive index layer n is formed in the above-mentioned multi-layer-intermediate refractive index layer nm-high refractive index layer nh The relationship of the refractive index of each layer is set to nm-n ■ ÷ nh-n ■ = 0.5 to 0.6 Androgenic light bulb. 7. An illuminating device, characterized in that the bulb according to claim 5 or the halogen bulb according to claim 6 is attached to a fixture or a lamp body.