JPH0833385B2 - Basic fluid flow measurement method for mixtures of liquids, powders and granules - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Object of the Invention] The present invention relates to a method for measuring a basic flowing water amount using liquid, powder and granules, and a mixture of liquid such as cement kneaded matter and powder and granules, particularly granules. The present invention aims to provide a method for measuring the basic flowing water amount of a mixture using naturally produced particles such as sand or crushed particles.

(Industrial field of application) Workers relating to a mixture obtained by mixing powders such as cement and fly ash, granules such as water and other liquids and sand and other fine aggregates, and lumps such as gravel if necessary A technique for measuring the properties such as stability, breathing, and fluidity, determining the properties when the composition changes in the relevant mixing system, and obtaining the fluidity and other properties of such a mixture in the stable state.

(Prior Art) It is well known that for various civil engineering and construction, powder of hydraulic material such as cement is often used, and mortar in which sand or other fine aggregate is mixed with liquid mainly containing water is used. As for the characteristics of concrete in which coarse aggregate such as gravel or crushed stone or fiber material is also added, its characteristics can be basically obtained in the mixture of the above three, and an additive is appropriately added. Even if blended, they have the same relationship. The same thing is indispensable for the adjustment of materials for manufacturing various ceramic products or for obtaining other physical and chemical products. However, in the case of such adjustment, the existence of the liquid powder of the materials as described above is necessary. It is well known that the desired uniform preparation cannot be obtained due to the adsorption phenomenon (dispersion phenomenon on the other hand) below. Such a phenomenon affects the moldability or filling property, the pleasing property or the separability in the case of obtaining the target product using such a preparation, and the strength and other properties of the product obtained by molding and curing the kneaded product, It also affects the transportation of the adjusted product and other handling of cargo. The same applies not only to new compounding preparations, but also to clay, stone powder, sludge, sludge, and the like, which are found between sand particles and fibrous materials and other aggregate-like substances that are mixed in with them. It has various problems regarding storage, and basically it is the behavior of the mixture of powder, liquid and granules, such as the collapse of cliffs and mountains during rainfall, and its characteristics. It has a great influence.

Therefore, although some consideration has been given to the adsorption phenomenon and the like, conventionally, it is only theoretically or qualitatively understood. In such a conventional general technical state, the inventors of the present invention have disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 58-5216.
9-131164) and Japanese Patent Application No. 58-245233 (JP-A-60-139407).
No.), especially a test measurement method for quantifying the adsorbed liquid on the surface of fine aggregate used for concrete or mortar, or a series of methods for adjusting kneaded materials using such test measurement results. Proposed. That is, these prior application technologies are divided into those particles or liquids such as water adhering to the surface of the powder as described above, which are retained by the capillary phenomenon between particles and those adsorbed on the surface of particles. In particular, it is intended to quantitatively test and measure the latter, and moreover, it is possible to efficiently measure multiple samples under the same centrifugal force conditions. Regarding the adjustment of kneading and adjustment, it is possible to separately understand what is conventionally understood as the same liquid as the conventional liquid and to quantitatively obtain the measurement results in response to each condition. It has achieved groundbreaking improvement results.

(Problems to be solved by the invention) The conventional general technique as described above relates to fine aggregate according to JIS regulations, for example, measurement of water absorption rate and coarse particle rate due to surface dry saturated state, actual rate, etc. This is an attempt to grasp and adjust the liquid content of the kneaded product or the like as described above using data, and it is not possible to accurately grasp and control the physical properties of the specific kneaded product adjustment. That is, with respect to such a kneaded product, separation breathing property or workability,
It is well known that physical properties such as pumpability and compaction are required, but even with the same sand, the properties are different due to different cements, and conversely the same with cement. However, the characteristics of the kneaded product obtained by different sands also vary. Further, in order to densely fill and mold such a kneaded product, it is general to add vibration or other consolidation treatment, but the behavior or change of the kneaded product during such vibration or other consolidation treatment is measured by the same JIS regulations. In most cases, the values are very different. In addition, when concrete is poured into a thick layer or when the form is vertical and the concrete is poured and filled, the appearance of the ready-mixed concrete or mortar that has been poured and filled will vary in various ways. By the way, the present inventors divide the compounding water for such kneading, and evenly attach a part of the specific range to the fine aggregate, then add cement to carry out the primary kneading, and then add the remaining water. In addition, by secondary kneading, it is possible to obtain a kneaded product with less breathing and separation and excellent workability, and it is possible to considerably increase the strength and the like of the resulting molded article under the same compounding conditions. Although the technology has been developed and has been well received by the industry, the degree of the above-mentioned various effects in the kneaded product concretely obtained by different fine aggregates is different even if such new technology is adopted. It becomes a thing.

In the prior application technique proposed by the present inventors to solve such problems, an adsorbent on the particle surface,
Not only is it distinguished from those that are not, but it is a very effective method for quantitative elucidation of the adsorbed liquid, and it can be said that it is a very effective method.
As a result of detailed examination of many results of adjusting concrete and mortar using the results, it was found that the adjustment of each mortar and concrete did not have the appropriate accuracy. That is, according to the results of these experiments, it is necessary to ensure control of mutual interference between aggregates such as fine aggregates and powder (familiarity between cement and aggregate) and aggregates (including fine aggregates). Is not easy.
In other words, the properties of aggregate such as surface roughness, material, shape, surface adsorption force of these materials, which cannot be elucidated by the conventional JIS standard, are largely related to separation breathing property of concrete and mortar, workability, pumpability, compaction property, etc. It is presumed that they are involved, but it is not possible to accurately elucidate such relationships and obtain rational kneaded products.

Therefore, the trial kneading is specifically repeated to determine the most favorable compounding and kneading conditions, but such a trial kneading requires considerable man-hours and time to obtain one result. In general, it takes 4 weeks to obtain the strength. However, if it is repeatedly adjusted and tested, it will take a very long time, and it will not be possible to respond immediately to concrete construction. For this reason, this trial kneading must basically be based on the experience or intuition of each worker or the like, and that only the items for which the measurement results are required are tested within a relatively short period of time to make an overall estimation. It is not possible to obtain a proper match because of lack of rationality and lack of rationality, and it is necessary to allow a considerable error range.

[Structure of the Invention] (Means for Solving Problems) Cement, fly ash, slag powder, powder such as clay, sand and granular slag, artificial fine aggregate, glass spheres and other particles, water and others Using the mixture to which the liquid of
Regarding the closest packed state obtained by compacting and packing the mixture, the critical relative adsorbed water content of the granules in the mixture is obtained, and the water content in the capillary region of the powder is obtained. From the weight per volume,
Granular weight and powder weight, and granular adsorbed water weight obtained by multiplying the granular weight by the limit relative adsorbed water rate, and powder adsorbed water weight obtained by multiplying the powder weight by the capillary area water content. A method for measuring the amount of basic flowing water of a mixture of liquid, powder and granules, characterized in that the value obtained by subtracting is calculated as the basic flowing water weight in the densest packing.

(Function) In a packing in a close-packed state in which a mixture of powder such as cement, granules such as sand and a liquid such as water is compacted and packed, the critical adsorbed water rate of the granules in the mixture and the capillary of the powder Determine the water content of the area, from the weight per unit volume of the densest packing described above, the weight of each of the granules and powder in the densest packing and the granules obtained by multiplying the weight of the granules by the limit adsorbed water content. The values obtained by subtracting the critical adsorbed water weight of the powder and the powder weight obtained by multiplying the powder weight by the above-mentioned water content in the capillary region respectively control the fluidity and other characteristics of the above-mentioned closest packed state. It is calculated as the basic weight of water.

The basic flowing water amount weight shows a significant correlation with the moldability of the closest packed state, breathing, strength development after setting, etc., and the mixture is prepared by adjusting the basic flowing water amount as an index. The characteristics of can be accurately grasped.

(Examples) To further explain the present invention as described above, the inventors of the present invention have kneaded products comprising the above-mentioned granules, powders and liquids, and kneaded products or kneaded products obtained by blending and kneading conditions. Accurately predicting the characteristics of the molded product, and rationally adjusting the kneaded product, we made many years of practical studies and thoughts, and as a result, formed the closest packed state of such kneaded product. The closest packed state is the residual water amount obtained by subtracting the weight of each of the granules and the powder, the limit relative adsorbed water weight of the granules, and the limit relative adsorbed water weight of the powder from its weight per unit volume. It can be grasped as the basic flowing water amount of a product, and it has been found that there is an orderly relationship between the new basic flowing water amount and the loosening (or filling) rate in the densest packing. We have succeeded in accurately clarifying and predicting the characteristics of the kneaded product obtained by determining the compounding and kneading conditions using such a relationship.

As the powder in the present invention, Portland cements, alumina cement, magnesia cement, gypsum, limes such as slaked lime, blast furnace slag, special cement such as expanded cement, fly ash, silica fume,
There is a powdery material used for the purpose of filling or extending of stone powder, clay or mud and other inorganic or organic substances. Granules include river sand, sea sand, mountain sand, crushed sand, granular slag, fine aggregates such as artificial fine aggregates, fiber materials such as metal fibers and inorganic fibers, and aggregates such as gravel and crushed stones. In addition, as these granules or lumps, sound insulation, heat insulation or fire resistance,
There are various types of aggregates used to replace nuclear power, lightness, and weight. Water is a typical liquid, and a mixture of various auxiliary agents or additives such as a water reducing agent, a quick setting agent, and plastics is widely used.

However, the present inventor applies a dehydrating force such as a centrifugal force to a granular material such as a fine aggregate as described above, which has a sufficient and large amount of water attached, so that the water content thereof increases as the dehydrating force increases. However, it has been confirmed that there is a critical relative adsorbed water rate that does not almost decrease the water content even if the dehydration power further increases when it reaches a certain limit. Similarly, with respect to powder, when the powder reaches a capillary region where the powder particles are substantially in contact with each other and water is filled between the powder particles and air is substantially absent, the limit adsorbed water of the powder particles is reached. It is confirmed that the rate exists. Further, regarding the measurement of the limit relative adsorbed water rate for the above-mentioned granules, by using powder in combination, a method for avoiding the influence of contact liquid between the granules and obtaining an accurate measurement result has been established.

In the present invention, in addition to these newly developed technologies by the present inventors, as described above, the close packed state packing material is repeatedly clarified to obtain the basic flowing water amount. That is, the inventors of the present invention used the powder in combination with the above-described fine aggregate and the like to determine the amount of the adsorbed liquid, so that the influence of contact liquid between the aggregates can be maintained. Exclude as a liquid volume and obtain an accurate measurement result.
If a mixed system composed of a granular or fibrous material such as an aggregate and powder and liquid is subjected to a liquid removal treatment by applying a centrifugal force, the amount of adsorbed liquid changes due to the change in the centrifugal force acting. That is, the amount of adsorbed liquid on the aggregate gradually decreases as the centrifugal force increases. However, if the centrifugal force of the liquid removal treatment exceeds a certain value, the adsorbed liquid is adsorbed even if the centrifugal force is further increased. It was confirmed that there was almost no change in the liquid amount, and that there was a point where the reduction tendency of the adsorbed liquid as described above was inflection. I can understand.
However, such a limit adsorbed water rate changes to some extent by changing one or more of the used aggregates, powders, or liquids, and therefore the specifically obtained adsorbed water rate is a relative limit. Although the adsorbed water rate is obtained, such a limit standard adsorbed water rate exists in any mixed system from a number of experimental results, and is always constant in the same mixed composition. For example, river sand from Fujikawa (Q: 2.49, F.
M.:2.65, specific gravity surface dry ρ _H : 2.58, ρ _D : 2.52, ρv: 1.739,
ε: 31%, Sm: 65.3 cm ² / g) with ordinary Portland cement and water, which is a typical liquid, and the sand cement ratio (S /
Japanese Patent Application No. Sho 58-245233 proposed by the present inventors for each sample in which C) was changed to 0, 1, 2, 3.
9407), centrifugal force 30G (C is gravity) 1000G
The water content Wp / C of the cement paste with S / C of 0 varies depending on the centrifugal force acting as described above, and the sand is mixed with it. The water content increases as the value of S / C increases, but S /
The degree of increase in water content with the increase of C is almost unchanged even when the centrifugal force exceeds a certain centrifugal force (for example, 150G to 200G), despite the increase in the centrifugal force. That is, in a relatively low gravitational region such as 100 G or less, the processing and measurement are performed under considerably small centrifugal force difference conditions such as 30 G, 60 G, 80 G, and 100 G, whereas when 200 G or more, 100 G or more is measured. It was measured under a large difference in centrifugal force.
When it becomes 0 G, there is a relatively large decrease in water content in any S / C, and it is shown that the degree of this water content decrease is greatly reduced even if the gravity condition becomes larger than that. Moreover, as the S / C increases, the ascending inclination angle θ ₁ on the chart is substantially constant, and there is almost no change. For example, in 438G and 1000G, the ascending inclination angle θ ₁ remains constant despite the increase in gravity of 500G or more.
The case of 0 G is substantially parallel to the case of 1000 G.

Regarding the results as described above, the total water content after the centrifugal force action is W _Z , C is the cement amount, S is the sand amount, and the water content of the powder after the centrifugal force action is W p, and the centrifugal force action is also When the water content of the subsequent sand is W _S and the tangent (tan θ ₁ ) of the inclination angle θ ₁ after the centrifugal force treatment is β, the above W _Z / C is given by the following I formula.

W _Z / C = Wp / C + βS / C ... I In addition, β is represented by the following formula II.

Therefore, W _S is W _S = W _Z −W p… III Therefore β is the water content obtained by dividing the water content of sand by the sand content,
This is the limit relative adsorbed water rate of the aggregate. But specifically
When W _Z / C is determined by the I formula and its accuracy (r ² ) is examined, it is as shown in Table 1 below.

That is, it was confirmed that the accuracy r ² was at least 0.98 or more, and it was confirmed that the accuracy was extremely high.

Regarding such a result, the centrifugal force G and the β,
That is, the relationship of W _S / S is that the relative adsorbed water ratio β gradually decreases up to 200 G described above, but when it exceeds 200 G, the relative adsorbed water ratio β hardly decreases and the substantially horizontal linear dehydration result. The aspect that can be obtained is clear. That is, the above-mentioned decrease in relative adsorbed water rate β up to 200 G is determined by the angle θ ₂ formed by a substantially horizontal straight line when centrifugal force of 200 G or more is applied, and this θ ₂ varies depending on each aggregate. But, θ ₂
The angle of can be said to be the interfacial dehydration rate per 1 G, which is representative of the dehydration property depending on the amount of dehydration energy in each aggregate. As described above, the value at which the relative adsorbed water rate hardly changes even when the centrifugal force increases can be said to be the limit adsorbed water rate (β ₀ ) for the aggregate. Further, the maximum relative adsorbed water rate β ₀ max is the intersection of the inclination straight line of θ ₂ and the gravity 0 point, and the total relative adsorbed water rate β _GO of the aggregate is the critical adsorbed water rate β ₀ to β ₀ .
₀ max is added, and the adsorbed water rate β ₀ max is dehydrated by centrifugal force treatment.
Further, as described above, the centrifugal force value at which the adsorbed water rate does not substantially change due to the increase in centrifugal force can be obtained as Gmax.

On the other hand, regarding the powder paste, the water content in the capillary region is close to the maximum value of the torque during the kneading operation.
It is disclosed in FIG. 4 and the like of the publication (in this publication, it is described as a funicular or a capillary, but it is confirmed by the subsequent examination that it is a capillary region). That is, in the case of kneading while gradually adding water to the absolutely dry powder, the kneading torque increases as the amount of water added gradually, and thus the torque that gradually increases with an increase in the amount of water reaches the torque maximum point. After that, if the water amount further increases, then the torque will gradually decrease. This is because the water in the paste completely fills the voids between the powder particles and becomes a slurry state, and the fluidity becomes large as the amount of water between the powder particles gradually increases. In other words, the kneading torque becomes maximum in the capillary region immediately before the voids between the powder particles are completely filled with water (slurry), and thus a kneaded product adjusted with such a maximum kneading torque is used. It is shown in the publication that the generation of breathing water is effectively reduced, and the product obtained by such a kneaded product is excellent in strength and other characteristics. The water content (Wp / C) is defined as α, and it is adopted as an important factor together with the limit adsorbed water content β ₀ .

By the way, the present inventor applies a centrifugal force to a state in which the adsorbed water rate β does not substantially decrease even if the acting force is further increased as described above for the kneaded material composed of the powder, granules and liquid as described above. As a result of examining the case where it was carried out, the centrifugal force was as high as 150 to 200 G (there are slight differences in each case depending on the properties of the granules), so pores were generated in the filled tissue, and it was simply dehydrated. In that case, in consideration of the fact that both the rabbit and the corner are different from the actual filling and placing structure, the centrifugal force other than the centrifugal force that does not generate pores as described above is used.
As a result of investigating the formation of the same state as that when 150 to 200 G was applied, it was confirmed that the same state could be formed by the tamping method. That is, as a result of a detailed examination of the combination of many fine aggregates and cement powder as such a method, the present inventors have found that a cylindrical container having a capacity of 1000 cc with a diameter of 11.4 cm and a height of 9.8 cm (weight: Weight of 500 after loading about 500cc of the kneaded sample
Using the g table flow ram, perform an average of 25 or more tamping operations over the entire container, and then perform a stamping operation of raising the pedestal surface by 2-3 cm and dropping it 3 or more times to tamper fill the container. Averaging, then about 500c
The method of charging the sample of c and performing the same tamping operation and stamping is preferable, and the same S / C
If we examine various samples with gradually changing W / C, the maximum weight value is obtained when the W / C in the obtained tamped packing has a specific value. For example, glass spheres having a diameter of 0.075 to 5 mm are used as a standard material that matches the particle size composition of sand, which is fine aggregate, and that has a uniform shape.
When the sample was blended as = 1 and W / C was sequentially and variously changed and filling by the above-mentioned tamping method was performed, the results shown in the following Table 2 were obtained, and the W / C was 28%. The weight of ρ was 2235 g, and the highest filling state was obtained, and the weight ρ was small regardless of whether W / C was low or high.

Similarly, using the same glass ball and Portland cement,
If S / C is 3, the weight ρ is about 33% when W / C is
When it is 2227g and becomes 1% higher or lower than this W / C value, the aspect that the respective weight ρ becomes lower is the same as the case of Table 2, and when S / C is 6 Has a W / C of 48
The weight ρ shows the highest value when the value is about%, and the weight ρ can be increased or decreased due to the fluctuation of the W / C value.
Will fall.

Such an aspect is exactly the same even in the case of natural sand (river sand, sea sand, mountain sand) or artificial sand (crushed sand or slag particles) in which glass balls as the above reference material are generally used as fine aggregates. However, the appearance of the peak point in relation to the W / C value is common to the appearance of the peak point of the kneading torque for the powder (cement), and as described above, W / C where ρ is the peak point is 150
It is substantially the same as that when the centrifugal force of G to 200G is processed, and it is not recognized that it is within the measurement error range.

That is, in the present invention, the packed state by such a method is referred to as the closest packed state, and since this state is in good agreement with the actual packed state of the kneaded product of this kind, it is used as a preferable representative test method. The tamping with the stick was performed 25 times for each of the upper and lower layers, and the stamping was performed 3 times for each layer.

By the way, as a result of carrying out the test measurement in such a close packed state on many kneaded material samples, it was clarified with respect to the amount of water in this kind of kneaded material, with respect to the amount of cement and the amount of sand, by using the α value and β value described above. I have discovered that there are factors that cannot be done. That is, such a factor is required for any sample in which cement and sand are variously changed, but the same glass sphere, Sagamikawa crushed sand, and Fujikawa sand as in the measurement examples described later are used as granules. , The amount of water in which the most closely packed state is formed by preparing various kneaded materials in which ordinary Portland cement is adopted as powder and S / C is variously changed
W / C is the α, β as described above for the amount of cement
FIG. 9 shows a summary of comparison between the results obtained by calculation and the actually measured values of the actual kneaded product.
In other words, the measured value indicated by the blank measuring point is considerably deviated from the calculated value indicated by the solid measuring point, and the third factor other than α and β is manipulated further than that. It can be said that it exists in the close-packed state in which the water content does not substantially change even when a force is applied. In detail, in a state where the S / C is about 1 and the amount of sand is relatively small, a large amount of powder (cement) is present between the sand particles. Third
Even if it is considered as a factor of this S / C
It is shown in the figure that the deviation between the calculated value and the actual measured value does not decrease at all, and tends to increase regularly even if the powder is less than 2 or 3 and the amount of powder (cement) is small. Is the street. That is, it is clear that not only α and β described above but also the third factor acts on the liquid in the kneaded material composed of such powder, particles and liquid.

Therefore, as a result of repeated investigations by the present inventors to clarify such a third factor, this third factor is eventually retained inside due to the structure or structure of the kneaded material filled. It should be referred to as water, but when considering such a structure or structure with respect to the filling structure of such a kneaded material, it is clear that the skeletal function or structure is sand, and It is considered that the degree of porosity (looseness rate or filling state) between sand-like particles forming various skeletal functions or structures plays a dominant role. However, it is unavoidable that the fine particles (fine sand) that do not have the above-mentioned skeletal function or structure are adhering to the particles such as sand obtained as a raw material for kneading. Therefore, proper clarification cannot be achieved without using the one obtained by subtracting such fine particles (fine sand). However, what is appropriate and how to obtain such fine particles (fine sand) is accurate even if it is considered in the past by performing classification with fine and fine sieves. Not a thing. The present inventor has found that the performance rate increases when the sand performance rate measurement is carried out in a wet state to the extent that the porosity in the compacted state of the conventional absolutely dry compaction method is satisfied. It is due to the fine particle content (fine sand content), and the fine particle rate (fine powder rate) M _S related to this fine particle amount is specifically determined by the following formula I.

However, ρw is the bulk specific gravity in the wet state, and ρ _D is the bulk specific gravity in the absolutely dry state.

Furthermore, when the fine particle ratio (fine powder ratio) is obtained as described above, the porosity Ψ _S between particles such as sand that plays an important skeletal function as the third factor as described above is actually Is wet However, it should be corrected on the basis of the absolute dry state, and the interparticle porosity Ψ _S D in this absolute dry state is
It becomes like the formula II.

To measure the absolute dry unit volume weight, put the absolutely dry sand into the above-mentioned container (mass) in three layers, and tap each side of the left and right sides 10 times (total 20 times) with a mallet. After the completion of filling, the upper surface was flattened with a regular tree having triangular corners and the weight was measured.

Further, for the measurement of the unit volume weight in water, prepare water in a graduated cylinder of 500 ml, put 100 ml of water in the container (mass), and then put absolutely dry sand corresponding to 1/3 of the container depth,
After thoroughly stirring with a stick, tap the left and right sides 10 times each with a mallet (20 times in total), add sand corresponding to a depth of up to two-thirds, stir in the same way, and use a mallet for a total of 20 times. Tap lightly and pour water if necessary so that the water will be exposed on the top surface of the sand by several mm. In the same manner, insert sand and water alternately so that it is 2-3 mm below the top surface of the container, tap 20 times, and then add only sand so that the sand surface and the water surface are the same on the top surface of the container, and if necessary. Or water
Absorb the water with a pipette, do the operation to return the absorbed water to the graduated cylinder, and level it with a metal spatula so that the sand surface and the water surface are the same and smooth on the upper surface of the container,
Measure the total weight (W) and use the following formula to calculate the unit volume in water ρ
Find w.

However, a: Tare of the container.

 b: Amount of water remaining in the measuring cylinder.

With each method as described above, a glass ball with a diameter of 0.075 to 5 mm,
Fujikawa sand and Sagamigawa crushed sand were used to measure the sand (glass ball) / cement weight ratio (S / C) of 0 to 6 and the results are shown in Tables 3 to 5 below. .

In these Tables 3 to 5, Wp is the water content in the capillary region of cement, Sw is the limit relative adsorbed water content of sand, Wp × C × 100 is the above α, and Sw / S × 100 is The above is β. Further, Ww is the amount of water in the structure other than the cement (C), sand (S), and α and β thereof, and whether or not concretely flows or is molded depends on the rabbit.
It should be referred to as the workable water content because it at least contributes to flow or molding. Furthermore, ρ _D should be called exactly ρ _S vD, which is the absolute dry bulk density of sand, and ρ w, on the other hand, should also be called ρ _S vW, which is the absolute dry condition of ρ _D. On the contrary, it is the bulk specific gravity of the sand in a wet state.

However, when the measurement results as shown in Tables 3 to 5 obtained by using the new concept Ψ _S D adopted by the present inventor as described above are arranged and analyzed, it is confirmed that a clear and clear elucidation can be achieved. did. That is, FIG. 1 summarizes the relationship between the new Ψ _S D and the workable water amount Ww in the measurement results of Tables 3 to 5 described above, and the particles are the glass spheres as described above. , W sand and crushed sand are distinctly different in terms of material and properties, this Ww and Ψ _S D can form a predetermined relation with no change. I found that. That is, when the results shown in FIG. 1 are used, it is possible to obtain an overall regression curve or an individual regression curve by a logarithmic regression equation or an exponential regression equation, and by using such results, such kneading is performed. If Ψ _S D is required for an object, the workable water volume Ww
It is possible to determine approximately appropriately, and it is also possible to effectively determine its breathing water content or fluidity as well as strength and other characteristics of the molded product.

That is, one example of the total regression curve is shown by a logarithmic regression equation as A ... A curve in addition to FIG. 1, but when such a total regression curve is used, the desired characteristics of such a kneaded product are obtained. It is possible to make a judgment regardless of the sand particles used, which have a substantially exact composition relation for obtaining the value. In particular, it can be said that a kneaded material having a Ψ _S D of about 10 to 30% is in a nearly neutral state.

In the case of Fujikawa sand in Fig. 1, Ww is higher in the range where Ψ _S D is lower than the other two, and this is due to the fine grain ratios shown in Tables 3 to 5. observed to be due to the difference of (fine sand ratio), Fujikawa sand M _S
There contrast is close to 6%, any by glass spheres and Sagamigawa crushed sand M _S is about 3%. Therefore, the curves shown in Fig. 1 for sands to be corrected or specifically adopted in consideration of such a fine particle ratio (M _S ) are also used (glass sphere, Sagamigawa crushed sand and Fujikawa sand, respectively). If one follows), the accuracy will be improved more than the total regression curve.

Further, if the total regression curve is calculated and the basic flowing water amount Ww is calculated as shown in FIG. 1, the above-mentioned JP-A-60-13940 is used.
It is possible to obtain the above-mentioned limit relative adsorbed water rate β of the granules even under the condition that the centrifugal force treatment equipment according to the gazette is not provided. That is, S / C and W / C are known in the sample preparation for forming the closest packed state, and therefore Cv (unit volume of cement) and Sv (unit volume of sand) are naturally required. In addition to the above, α · C can be obtained from the maximum torque of the sample during kneading adjustment. That is, Cv, Sv, α · C
Since Ww is obtained, β in the formula of Σ = Cv + Sv + α · C + β · S shown in Tables 3 to 5 above.
・ Factors other than S can be obtained, and on the other hand, Ww in the formula of Ww = 1000-Σ was obtained from the total regression curve indexed as described above. Therefore, from these formulas, Ww + Cv + Sv + α ・ C + β ・ S = 1000, and β · S is obtained by substituting each value obtained as described above into this formula.

That is, the Ww in the closest packed state is obtained even under the condition that the centrifugal force treatment equipment as described above is not used to obtain the β value.
The β value can also be obtained by obtaining

The β value is important in elucidating the characteristics of the fine aggregate, as has been clarified in the above-mentioned prior application by the present inventors, and such β value requires a special centrifugal force treatment facility. What can be sought without it has great industrial utility value.

The specific relationship of the present invention is as follows.

The true specific gravity (ρ _C ) is 3.16 and the water content (α: Wp / C) in the capillary region is 25%. Portland cement is used, and the true specific gravity (ρ _S ) is 2.6 and the surface dry specific gravity (ρ _H ) is 2.6.
3, water absorption (Q) is 1.2, FM is 2.82, absolute dry bulk specific gravity (ρ
v) is 1.748, the porosity (εv) is 32.8% in the dry state, and the limit relative adsorbed water rate (β: Sw / S) is 4.11%. As 3, 4, 5 and 7, the results of measuring the W / C and the flow value of the kneaded product prepared by the double mixing method proposed by the present inventors (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-104958). Is as shown in FIG. That is, in the results shown in FIG. 2, the flow values are different, and it should be impossible to obtain mortar having the same flow characteristics (flow values).

However, with respect to the measurement results of Fig. 2, W at the intersection of the isoflow line on the vertical axis and the straight line connecting the measurement points of each S / C
The results of calculating the / C value are shown in Table 6 below, and it can be understood as the W / C value under each S / C compounding condition when obtaining a mortar with the target flow value. it can.

Also, the results in Table 6 are arranged in the same manner as in FIG. 1 in terms of the relationship between Ψ _S D and the workable water amount Ww, and the results shown in FIG. 1 (solid measurement points) are also shown in the third graph.
It is clear that there is a significant correlation between the results of the close-packed state shown in FIG. 1 and this isoflow curve.

In particular, referring to FIG. 3, the extension of each straight line when S / C is 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 is Ψ _S D 100
In%, it can be said that Ww is directed to the point of 1000 l, which indicates that a confluence design is possible. In other words, such a collection design is that the base point for designing the composition relationship has already been determined.
It can be said that even if S / C is adopted, the overall relationship is clarified, and it is clear that it will be possible to easily quantify the material property values and to make an appropriate formulation design.

Further, with respect to the above-mentioned mortar, the flow value and the result of measuring the internal breathing generated inside the kneaded material are as shown in FIG. 4, and it is impossible to obtain an orderly relationship from such measurement points themselves. It is the same as that of FIG.

However, the result of finding the intersection of the straight line connecting the measurement results for each S / C and the equal flow line for each 20 mm in the range of 180 mm to 240 mm in the one shown in Fig. 4 is as shown in Table 7 below. is there.

However, based on the results of this Table 7, FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the breathing rate and the horizontal axis of Ψ _S D as in FIGS. 1 and 3, and FIG. 1st in the figure
Although the result itself according to the closest packing state in the figure was not shown,
It is clear that there is a significant correlation with the result of the closest packing state, just as in the case of the figure.

Furthermore, using Oikawa F sand as described above, S / C of 1 to 5
For each of the mortars prepared as 7 and 7, the compressive strength (σ _C 2
8) was measured, and the measurement results and W / C of the mortar used
Figure 6 shows a summary of the relationship with S / C.
Although the value fluctuates in a considerably large range, the product strength obtained under a predetermined compounding condition can be appropriately determined by adopting a substantially orderly relationship.

In the present invention, a specific example of obtaining the β value by utilizing the result of constantization as shown in FIG. 1 is as follows.

FM: 2.80, water absorption 2.96%, surface dry specific gravity 2.60, absolute dry specific gravity 2.53, unit volume weight 1720kg / m ³ (relative surface adsorbed water ratio β _O by 438G is 4.34% as described later) The closest packed Ψ _S D of mortar with Sagami river sand and S / C of 2.0 and W / C of 39.7% (cement 665 kg / m ³ , sand 1330 kg / m ³ , water 263.9 kg / m ³ ). , On the other hand, β, that is, Ww, is about 38.5 l when the intersection of all regression curves corresponding to Ψ _S D = 22.7% in FIG. 1 is obtained as the value of Ww on the vertical axis. Also this W
When w is concretely calculated, β = 163.6-40.1 · loge22.7 = 38.6l, which is in close agreement with the value obtained from the chart in FIG.

If Ψ _S D and _W w are obtained in this way, β
The value of can be obtained by calculation, that is, the formula for calculating β is However, Cv: capacity of cement = C / 3.16 Sv: capacity of sand = S / 2.53 α ・ C: adsorbed water rate of cement = 25%, This value is substantially the same as the β _O value of 4.34% by the centrifugal force treatment of 438G described above, and the β value can be obtained without performing the centrifugal force treatment.

Conventionally, in order to obtain the β, centrifugal force treatment is performed for about 30 minutes for each of a plurality of samples with variously changed S / C, and the obtained results are calculated by a regression equation. The advantages of the invention according to the invention, which are sought without the need for such centrifugal equipment or processing operations, are clear.

Needless to say, if β can be obtained as described above, it is easy to clarify that the S / C is variously changed and other factors.

The above is about mortar,
A concrete in which coarse aggregate was further added to such mortar was also examined.

That is, with Oikawa F sand, ordinary Portland cement, and water, the maximum dry specific gravity was 2.62 and the surface dry specific gravity was maximum 25 mm.
2.69, coarse particle ratio 6.96, water absorption 0.67%, unit weight 1632kg / m
Using the crushed stone of No. ³ , as the kneading method, add primary water to sand and crushed stone and mix for 30 seconds, then add cement and mix for 60 seconds, then add secondary water and knead for 30 seconds In addition, the water reducing agent Mighty related to the manufacture and sale of Kao Soap Co., Ltd. was added to 1.0% of the amount of cement and kneaded for 60 seconds, and the S / C was variously changed in the range of 1.5 to 4.0 by such a method. Table 8 below summarizes the characteristic values of the various prepared green concretes.

Ψ _G is The amount of the primary water used in the kneading is the amount of water in which Ψ _S D is in the zero state, and the secondary water is the eighth amount.
The residual water content to satisfy each W / C value shown in the table is adopted.

However, FIG. 7 is a summary of the results shown in Table 8 and shows that even under various varying conditions in which S / C, W / C and S / a change respectively, It is clear that there is a high degree of correlation between _G and the slump value.
The slump value of the ready-mixed concrete obtained by obtaining _G can be determined substantially appropriately. It can be said that the S / C and W / C of the mortar used are substantially linear under the specified conditions (when the measurement points have the same shape in FIG. 7), that is, they are used. Under the condition that the composition of the mortar is specified or elucidated, it is possible to make a very highly accurate judgment.

Fig. 8 summarizes the results of measuring the compressive strength of each concrete prepared as described above, which was formed into a molded body, and was measured on the 28th day. S / C =
Even if there is some variation in W / C of 41% at 2.0, there is generally only a variation in a relatively narrow range of 30 to 100 kg / cm ² , and the S / C value It was revealed that the concrete had a high compressive strength, and it was confirmed that an excellent concrete was obtained.

The present inventors not only use the Oigawa F sand and crushed stone, but also use other Sagami River, Kinugawa, Fujikawa produced sand, and sea sand and mountain sand prepared by washing with water as fine aggregate,
Regarding coarse aggregate, various studies were conducted based on the results of Tables 7 to 6 and 7 described above regarding many river gravel obtained from rivers in various places, and the characteristic value of the target fresh concrete was determined. Although the mixing and kneading conditions for obtaining were determined and carried out, the results according to the above were obtained in all cases, and it was possible to obtain ready-mixed concrete with very few errors with respect to the predicted characteristic values. .

"Effects of the Invention" In the case of the present invention as described above, with respect to a mixture of powder, granules and liquid, it is possible to break away from repetition of trial kneading and statistical methods as in the conventional method, and to obtain a new powder for liquid such as water. In addition to the water content in the capillary region of the body and the limit relative adsorbed water content of the granules, the basic flowing water amount in the close-packed state packing, and the necessary fluid water, breathing water, etc. in relation to such progressive and unique factors Quantitative and detailed elucidation, and rational elucidation that immediately corresponds to the actual state of the actual mixture, especially the kneaded material such as concrete and mortar, and predict and appropriately obtain a product with stable quality with little variation. It is an invention that has the effect of being able to do so and has a great effect industrially.

[Brief description of drawings]

The drawings show the technical contents of the present invention. Fig. 1 is a table summarizing the relationship between the looseness rate between particles of particles and the amount of workable water, and Fig. 2 is Portland cement and Oi Kawashita sand. Fig. 3 is a chart summarizing the relationship between W / C and flow values for mortar using Fig. 3, and Fig. 3 shows W / C at the intersection of the equal flow value lines in Fig. 2 and the measurement points of each S / C. Similar to Fig. 1, the C value is arranged by the relation between the loosening rate between particles and the amount of workable water. Fig. 4 is a diagram summarizing the relation between the internal breathing ratio of the mortar and the flow value. Fig. 5 is this chart. Fig. 6 shows the relationship between the interparticle loosening rate and the breathing rate at the intersection of the isoflow line and the straight line connecting the measurement results for each S / C in Fig. 4, and Fig. 6 above. Regarding the specimen molded using the mortar prepared as Chart a reduced intensity shown summarized in relation to the W / C, Fig. 7 various S / C, W / C and S / coarse aggregate between loosening rate for fresh concrete obtained by a [psi
Fig. 9 is a chart summarizing the relationship between _G and slump value. Fig. 8 is a chart summarizing the compressive strength of 28 days of age for each ready-mixed concrete prepared as shown in Fig. 7, Fig. 9 Is a chart showing the change state of W / C and S / C in the close-packed mixture together with the calculated and measured values.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Cement, fly ash, slag powder, powder such as clay, sand or granular slag, artificial fine aggregate,
Using a mixture obtained by adding glass spheres and other particles and water and other liquids, and determining the limit relative adsorbed water rate of the particles in the mixture with respect to the packing in the densest state in which the mixture is compacted and packed, and the powder. The water content in the capillary region of the above, the weight per unit volume of the densest packing described above, the weight of the granules and the powder, and the granular adsorption by multiplying the granular weight by the above limit relative adsorbed water rate. Water weight,
A liquid characterized in that a value obtained by subtracting the powder adsorbed water weight obtained by multiplying the powder weight by the capillary region water content is obtained as the basic flowing water weight in the closest packed state,
Basic fluid flow measurement method for mixtures of powders and granules.