JPH083011A - Conjugation accelerator for different kinds of plants - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a conjugation accelerator for promoting to revive the intrinsic nature of a plant body in another plant by conjugating them of different kinds. CONSTITUTION:This conjugation accelerator comprises a water-soluble hetero sugar mainly containing a low-molecular chitosan, chito-oligosaccharide and 2,5-anhydro-D-mannose having molecular weight adjusted to 800-30,000, preferably 80-10,000. The hetero sugar is dissolved in an aqueous solution containing arbitrary amounts of organic acids, inorganic acids, proteins and the like in a concentration of 1-1,000ppm, preferably 100-500ppm and the pH is adjusted to 3-9. The plant is sprayed or coated with or dipped in the solution and accelerated its development and induction of physiological functions caused by conjunction with another plant of a different kind. The use of a low-molecular-weight chitosan whose primary amino group in the C-2 position in the molecular ring is blocked with an organic or inorganic acid salt or free radical-activated improves its fixation and permeation to the plant.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a mating promoter for heterogeneous plants. More specifically, the present invention relates to a heterologous plant conjugation promoter that mates heterogeneous plants such as sugi and cypress and induces differential expression by being misidentified by a carbohydrate that acts between cells of the heterologous plants.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Chitin, which constitutes the outer shell of arthropods, is a linear polymer very similar to cellulose and is also called mucopolysaccharide. Chitosan is obtained by deacetylating the chitin by heat treatment with concentrated alkali. Chitin and chitosan commercially available by these treatments have a molecular weight of about 300,000 to 150,000.
Moreover, what was made to melt | dissolve with dilute acid is sold by the names, such as a fertilizer and a plant activator.

Oligosaccharides of chitin and chitosan obtained by enzymatic decomposition are also sold as fertilizers and antibacterial agents.

Although these polymer materials are dissolved in dilute acid, it is confirmed that they become white and precipitate as a polymer when the pH is around 7.2 on the alkaline side. However, since these materials have a pH of about 3 to 5, they are gradually decomposed randomly from the molecular ends over a long period of time, which may contribute to the growth of plants. Separately, it is decomposed into oligosaccharides by an enzyme, and the material used as an activator is a mixture of microorganisms derived from enzyme production and secretion by the enzyme, so the enzyme is activated by the outside air temperature, and chitin and chitosan are activated. Is a disaccharide or monomer from the molecular end due to the decomposition system, and there is no chitin or chitosan as an effective substance. Recently, it has been possible to suppress the activation of microorganisms around pH 3 and to withstand these pHs, a high molecular weight A mixture of chitin and chitosan with adjusted amounts of components is commercially available.

However, when applied to plants, a molecular weight of about 7,000 is taken into the living body of the plant, and a molecular weight of about 4,000 that can penetrate the plant cell membrane is radiation, though it depends on the species of the plant. Confirmed on the label.

The most serious problem with these chitin and chitosan-related materials is that their effects are not stable. The biggest cause is that the molecular ring structures of chitin and chitosan are hydrogen-bonded and have a strong structure.
In the case of enzymatic decomposition, enzymes derived from microorganisms are decomposed in units of the terminal unit disaccharide of the constituent molecules of chitin and chitosan, or at most 30 units per unit sugar, and this decomposed sugar is also finally decomposed into units of disaccharide. It is used as a biological metabolite.

These facts suggest that animals, plants and microorganisms are utilized in vivo as carbohydrates which are used in vivo as necessary constituent units of carbon sources or sugar chains. The unit that can be used by all living organisms is the size of a disaccharide unit, and up until now, various microorganisms have been used for hydrolytic enzymes such as glucanase, lysozyme, chitinase, and chitosanase.
It is found in animals and plants.

[0008] In addition, since it is a natural substance such as the amount of microorganisms inhabiting the soil, the species of the plant to be applied, the application conditions, the application concentration, the components of the soil, etc., due to other environmental conditions and formation of compounds, It cannot be blamed that the application effect is easily influenced.

Recently, in addition to these, it is necessary to consider the amount and variety of inorganic and organic substances contained in the atmosphere, groundwater system, industrial and domestic wastewater. These natural substances form various organic and inorganic chemical bonds with other substances to form compounds. In order to dissociate this compound into normal individual substances so that it can be used by living organisms, the molecular weight of cation-charged chitin and chitosan is reduced to a molecular weight that dissolves in water, acid, and alkaline water systems. A method of separating, complexing, and binding by controlling the amount of charge or the amount of charge has been proposed.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 3-297305 discloses that a rice plant having a short rice height and less lodging is prepared by immersing the rice in an aqueous solution of a low molecular weight chitosan having a molecular weight of 3,000 or more and 30,000 or less. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-69
Japanese Patent No. 305 discloses that an aqueous solution of low molecular weight chitosan is sprayed on a lawn to improve "spring baldness".
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-210589 discloses that low molecular weight chitosan having a molecular weight of 1,500 or more and 30,000 or less is used for plant callus culture to reduce microbial contamination and secrete and produce a useful component outside the cell membrane. There is. Further, JP-A-5-65368 discloses a molecular weight of 500 to 30,0.
A composition for controlling plant functions, which comprises a low molecular weight chitosan having one or more molecules of 2,5 anhydro-D-mannose at the molecular end at 00 and a low molecular weight chitosan composed of chitooligosaccharide and a calcium element-containing inorganic substance as main components, is disclosed.

In the case of plants, it responds to foreign substances depending on substances based on their own experience from the past.
In many cases, the production of new foreign substances or artificial substances cannot be dealt with due to delays. Moreover, long-term application may induce plant stress and lead to plant cell death. As a defense mechanism and defense substance for plants, hydrophobic "wax substances" are present in the leaves facing the outside world, and substances artificially applied are difficult to ingest. The low molecular weight chitosan disclosed in JP-A-5-65368 and the like is used in combination with an inorganic substance containing a calcium element, so that a substance artificially applied using this substance is ingested in a plant body and an enzyme activity of It is effective in inducing action.

[0012] By spraying these substances on plants, they permeate between the constituent substances of the plant, act on the organelles between the substances in the living body and intracellularly, control the electric charge, and promote the binding to the target cells in the living body and the promotion of the metabolic system. It is also considered to regulate and control gene expression.

[0013]

In the case of plants, foreign substances that correspond to foreign foreign substances and artificial substances are used because they depend on substances that are based on their own experience from the past. In many cases, production is delayed and unable to respond. An object of the present invention is to accelerate the utilization of the inherent properties of individual plants in other plants by joining different plants. For example, by grafting Japanese cypress to a sugi sapling, the characteristics of the sugi are that it grows in a place where the growth environment is closest to the flat land, and the growth of the cypress grows quickly. The purpose is to do.

[0014]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention comprises a low molecular weight chitosan, a chitooligosaccharide, and a water-soluble heterosaccharide containing 2,5-anhydro-D-mannose as a main component. It comprises a heterogeneous plant conjugation promoter characterized by promoting the induction of the expression of the physiological function of the plant caused by the conjugation of the heterologous plant by spraying, coating or impregnating the target plant.

The low molecular weight chitosan used in the present invention has a molecular weight adjusted to 800 to 30,000,
It is characterized by being dissolved in water.

The present invention also provides a basic low molecular weight chitosan obtained by blocking the primary amino group at the C-2 position of the molecular ring of the low molecular weight chitosan with a salt of an organic acid such as sodium acetate or an inorganic acid. It is characterized by being.

Further, C- of the molecular ring of the low molecular weight chitosan
An acid having radical activity on the primary amino group at the 2-position,
It is characterized by being a liquid or powder that is soluble in alkali and water and insoluble in alcohol.

Further, the concentration of the low molecular weight chitosan, chitooligosaccharide, and water-soluble heterosaccharide mainly composed of 2,5-anhydro-D-mannose used in the present invention is controlled by the organic acid,
It is characterized in that the concentration is in the range of 1 to 1,000 ppm by weight with respect to an aqueous solution in which inorganic acids, proteins, etc. are arbitrarily mixed.

Further, the aqueous solution of the low molecular weight chitosan, the chitooligosaccharide, and the water-soluble heterosaccharide containing 2,5-anhydro-D-mannose as a main component has a pH of 3-9.

The above means will be described in more detail. According to the present invention, the molecular weight of chitosan is reduced to a molecular weight of 800.
~ 30,000 low molecular weight chitosan, preferably 80
Low molecular weight chitosan of 0 to 10,000, chitosan oligosaccharide whose molecular chain is cleaved to lower molecular weight (hereinafter referred to as chitooligosaccharide), and anhydrous sugar in which the 2nd and 5th positions of the molecular ring at the end of the sugar chain are condensed A water-soluble heterosaccharide having 2,5-anhydro-D-mannose as a main component (hereinafter referred to as “heterosaccharide”), which can be dissolved in water, acidic or alkaline, has a concentration of 1 to 1,000 ppm by weight, preferably 100 to
Liquid form or powder form of 500ppm weight concentration, pH3
As an arbitrary pH condition of ~ 9, by spraying, coating or impregnating the cut surface of each plant for the purpose of bonding, protecting with tape etc. so as not to be contaminated with bacteria, immobilizing, embedding in soil, etc. By curing, changes in the biophysiology of plants can be accelerated.

The season for joining these heterogeneous plants is preferably before and after the cluster amaryllis in spring and before and after the cluster amaryllis in autumn. This season has a higher plant mating rate and survival rate than other seasons. This heterosaccharide has an average molecular weight of 7,000 or less that is capable of permeating plant cell walls, and an average molecular weight of 4,000 or less is capable of permeating plant cell membranes and immobilizing in cells to achieve different physiological lives. It is a zygosity-promoting agent for heterologous plants that suppresses the rejection reaction involving recognition among different plant cells, and acts to give priority to the differentiation, division and mating of heterologous plant cells.

The method for producing this heterosaccharide may be either a chemical method or a microbiological method. For example, Japanese Patent Application No. 5-116301, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-41301, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-65302. It is obtained by the gazette.

The heterosugar of the present invention is dissolved in water, an acidic or alkaline solution as described above, and is usually weakly alkaline around pH 7.5, which is not evaluated by plants other than plants that undergo special growth such as spinach. , Ingestion of other acid-grown plants into the body has been confirmed. In this case, it is necessary to consider the environmental conditions in the application method. However, the heterosaccharides have a pH (p) which is easily adapted to the plant organism under the acidic conditions in the soil against the shift from the alkaline side to the acidic side.
H5.6). This means that the amino group of low molecular weight chitosan is blocked with sodium acetate, so acetic acid, butyric acid and other organic acids secreted from the roots of plants are Acetate is converted into glutaric acid via carboxylic acid, enters the TCA cycle, and is used by plants by dissociation by biophysiology in the body, and a small amount of salt is used as a biophysiological substance in the potassium channel of the cell membrane along with potassium. It works on the ion concentration inside.

However, since the low molecular weight chitosan confirmed in the plant is confirmed to exist in the cell membrane, regarding the membrane permeation process, the organic acid bonded to the block of the amino group constituting the molecular ring, It is considered that a substitution reaction system of salts of inorganic acids and biological acids derived from the metabolic system of plants is carried out. It is thought that this may actively act on cell membrane permeation in connection with biological physiology such as changes in osmotic pressure of cell membranes, proton release, and calcium uptake.

The cell membrane of the plant has a pH of 7.6 as a whole.
It is known that the pH of the cell membrane becomes 7.2 due to the extracellular signal, and the pH of the cell membrane gradually returns to around 7.5. It is also important in considering metabolic physiology that the optimal pH of the cell membrane is on the weak alkaline side. is there.

In order to produce a fast-growing, high-quality marketable wood and obtain a sapling with a high survival rate, a cypress seedling, which is a species of the conifer Cedar, Chamaecyparis, is used as a species of the 1st species of the Cedar tree (1 species). Oita production: Kunisaki No. 14) It can be produced by applying the heterosaccharide of the present invention when grafting a seedling as a rootstock. A characteristic of these cedars and cypresses is that the growth environment is such that cedars are closest to the plains, and cypresses are divided into hillsides such as hillsides. . Hinoki is a high-quality marketable wood. Therefore, if both of these characteristics are used and cypress is planted on cedar seedlings, the growth will be fast and high quality cypress can be produced, which can contribute to the forestry industry. Further, there is also an advantage that the bactericidal flavor of hinokiol, which is a vegetable oil of cypress, can be recovered as a by-product by producing cypress.

The heterosugar of the present invention thus acts on the junction of heterogeneous grafts, strongly acts on cell fusion of trees such as cedar and cypress, oyster and loquat, pear and cherry, pear and loquat, and completes grafting. Seem.

Low molecular weight chitosan, C-2 of its molecular ring
Immobilization to plants by using basic low molecular weight chitosan with salts of organic acids such as sodium acetate and inorganic acids as the primary amino group at the position and those with radical amino activity on the amino group The transparency can be improved.

[0029]

The action mechanism of the heterosugar having the above-mentioned structure, that is, the low-molecular weight chitosan having a molecular weight of 800 to 30,000, chitooligosaccharide, and the water-soluble heterosugar containing 2,5-anhydro-D-mannose as a main component is its action mechanism. In addition, there are many undeveloped points regarding the use technology, and in particular, the behavior in the living body is often unclear. Regarding the mechanism for producing new functions of plants, the molecular weight of chitosan is set to a molecular weight that can be dissolved in water, and it is induced by a low molecular weight chitosan whose molecular weight is controlled so that it does not precipitate or settle even in acidic or alkaline solutions. It may be induced by the following specific mechanism of action of the heterosaccharide.

Chitosan is a cationic sugar and has an isoelectric point of p.
A primary cation-charged amino group, which exists around H8.5 and has a strong molecular structure at the C-2 position,
Chitosan, which has a hydroxyl group at the C-3 position and a hydroxyl group at the C-5 position, is deacetylated by a chemical agent treatment, and is 2,5-anhydro-dehydrated at the end of the molecular chain. D-mannose is present.
The molecular weight distribution, molecular size, and intramolecular charge of these chitosans are controlled, and the concentration of application, application rate, application method, application period, cell cycle, and other organic and inorganic substances are controlled according to the target action site. Show different action mechanisms and effects. The hydroxyl group bonded to the carbon chain of the ring constituting 2,5-anhydro-D-mannose is a stable and strong bond, and the bond strength is more stable than the bond between the carbon chain and the carboxyl group. Such a structure is often found in the mother nucleus structure of fungi-derived antibiotics typified by streptomycin. Particularly, low molecular weight chitosan has an amino group at the C-2 position and has the same molecular ring as kanamycins. It has a similar structure with an amino group at the β position,
It has been reported to act on 16S ribosomal RNA in animal cells and specifically inhibit ribosomal translation. It is also reported that the ribosome acts on guanosine, which is known to be one of the functions of the gene chain intron, which acts to dissociate the exon on the 5 ′ side of the gene chain, and inhibits intron splicing. Is 16
It is considered to act in recognition of higher-order structure of S ribosomal RNA. It is thought that these things increase misidentification of the lagging strand of the double-stranded gene, and act to move the position of the action point to induce mutagen.

Further, it was confirmed that the heterosugar has no affinity for the cell membrane, without the occurrence of Barast in the cell membrane.
This suggests that the intramolecular charge of low molecular weight chitosan exists as an important condition for structural recognition in the recognition between the molecular structure and the cut surface of the molecular chain of low molecular weight chitosan and the target cell.

[0032]

[Example] The application period was before and after the cluster amaryllis (March 20th and September 25th), and was carried out in the afternoon of the day of application. Molecular weight is 8
A low-molecular weight chitosan and chito-oligosaccharide having a molecular weight of 0 to 30,000, a water-soluble heterosaccharide having 2,5-anhydro-D-mannose as a main component, is dissolved in water to a concentration of 100 ppm to obtain a solution having a pH of 7. Immerse the joint part of the cypress seedling of the same diameter as the cedar seedling for 10 minutes,
Immobilize the joint site.

The seedlings are covered with soil and covered with a multi-film to protect against changes in wind and temperature, and grown and cultivated in a nursery.

This sapling is in the rainy season of the following year (late June)
Mid July) Excavate and transplant or plant on July 10.

It was confirmed that the joined parts had a hump-like shape and were firmly connected, and that the cedar rootstock strongly attracted them. It was found that 200 ppm of the heterosaccharide was applied to the junction site in order to enhance the activity at the graft site of Cryptomeria japonica and cypress during the growth process.

[0036]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a heterogeneous plant conjugation promoter having the above-mentioned structure, which comprises a low molecular weight chitosan, a chitooligosaccharide, and a water-soluble heterosaccharide containing 2,5-anhydro-D-mannose as a main component. When joining, by spraying, applying or impregnating the cut surface of each plant, protecting it with tape etc. so that it is not contaminated by bacteria, immobilizing it, burying it in the soil, etc. , Can cause changes in the biophysiology of plants.

According to the present invention, by joining different kinds of plants, it is possible to provide a material useful for industrial development by utilizing the characteristics of plant species. When cypress is joined to a cedar seedling, the heterosaccharide of the present invention can be applied to quickly grow a high-quality cypress. Also, oyster trees can be joined to loquats, pears and cherries, and pears and loquats to grow cherries and loquats.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A heterogeneous plant conjugation promoter comprising a low-molecular weight chitosan, a chitooligosaccharide, and a water-soluble heterosaccharide containing 2,5-anhydro-D-mannose as a main component and accelerating the conjugation of the heterogeneous plant. . 2. The low molecular weight chitosan has a molecular weight of 800 to
The conjugation promoter for heterogeneous plants according to claim 1, which is adjusted to 30,000. 3. A basic low molecular weight chitosan obtained by blocking the primary amino group at the C-2 position of the molecular ring of low molecular weight chitosan with a salt of an organic acid such as sodium acetate or an inorganic acid. The heterogeneous plant conjugation promoter according to claim 1. 4. A liquid or powder substance, which has a radical activity at the primary amino group at the C-2 position of the molecular ring of low molecular weight chitosan, is soluble in acid, alkali or water and is insoluble in alcohol. 3. The heterogeneous plant conjugation promoter according to claim 1, wherein 5. The concentration of low molecular weight chitosan, chitooligosaccharide, and water-soluble heterosaccharide containing 2,5-anhydro-D-mannose as a main component is 1 to an aqueous solution in which an organic acid, an inorganic acid, a protein or the like is arbitrarily mixed. 1,000ppm
The conjugation promoter for heterogeneous plants according to claim 1, wherein the concentration range is in the range of weight concentration. 6. The heterogeneous plant according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the aqueous solution of low molecular weight chitosan, chitooligosaccharide, and water-soluble heterosaccharide containing 2,5-anhydro-D-mannose as a main component is 3 to 9. Bonding accelerator.