JPH0815951B2 - Method for determining cargo loading position in space - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a method for determining a cargo loading position in a space, and more specifically, it is widely used in a limited cargo accommodation space such as inside a dry container. The present invention relates to a position determination method for efficiently loading cargo.

<Prior Art and Problems to be Solved by the Invention> Conventionally, dry containers have been widely used in order to safely and reliably transport various cargoes to their destinations.
In particular, in the case of sea transportation, it is advantageous that the cargo can be protected by the dry container.

By the way, since the external dimensions of the dry container are defined by international standards, there are restrictions on the type and quantity of cargo that can be loaded in one dry container. Since the transportation cost is predetermined for each dry container, it is required to store as much cargo as possible in the dry container.

However, in conventional cargo stowage position determination, a skilled operator sets a cargo stowage position based on the type of cargo to be stowed and the number of cargoes of each type, and waste space is determined. This is done by finding the stowage position that minimizes.

Therefore, it takes at least one day before the final loading position is determined, which is very inefficient. In particular, if the number of dry containers increases and the types of cargo to be loaded in dry containers also increase, the above problems will become significant.

Further, there is a problem that not only the time required for position determination largely changes depending on the skill level of the operator, but also the utilization efficiency of the cargo accommodation space significantly changes.

Further, the above problems occur not only when the cargo is stored in a dry container, but also when a large number of types of cargo are stored in a limited cargo storage space such as a freight train or a warehouse. is there.

<Object of the Invention> The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and reduces waste space as much as possible when accommodating a large number of types of cargo in a limited space such as a dry container, It is an object of the present invention to provide a freight accommodation position deciding method capable of easily deciding accommodation positions for a large number of types of cargo.

<Means for Solving the Problems> In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a cargo accommodation position determining method according to the present invention is a method in which a horizontally arranged unit including at least one cargo is stacked at a height lower than the height of a cargo accommodation space. Select a layout with less wasted space in the overlapping state as the vertical layout unit, and select a redundant space with the selected vertical layout unit arranged in the width direction and a layout with less unevenness in the length direction as the width direction layout pattern. Then, the width direction arrangement pattern is selected so as to fill the unevenness from the back to the exit and reduce the unevenness in the length direction.

However, the horizontally arranged units may be preset as a combination pattern of a predetermined number of cargoes.

Further, the waste space is the sum of the space obtained based on the difference in horizontal shape between the horizontally arranged units and the space obtained based on the height of the cargo storage space and the height of the stacked cargo. May be.

Furthermore, the unevenness may be prioritized over the surplus space, and in this case, the unevenness may be prioritized over the surplus space only in the inner part of the space.

Furthermore, the surplus space may be prioritized over the unevenness, and in this case, the surplus space may be prioritized over the unevenness only on the doorway side of the space.

Then, in the case where the unevenness occurs, the arrangement in which the recessed portion is located at the center portion in the width direction may be selected as the width direction arrangement pattern.

<Operation> With the cargo loading position determination method described above, when loading a large number of types of cargo in a limited space, a horizontally arranged unit consisting of at least one cargo should be placed higher than the height of the cargo storage space. Since the arrangement with less wasted space when stacked at a low height is selected as the vertically arranged unit, it is possible to reduce the wasted space in each vertically arranged unit during cargo loading. Then, since the redundant space in the state in which the vertically arranged units selected as described above are arranged in the width direction and the arrangement with less unevenness in the length direction are selected as the width direction arrangement pattern, the width direction is set at the time of cargo loading. It is possible to reduce the surplus space and unevenness in the length direction. Furthermore, since the width direction arrangement pattern is selected so that the unevenness is filled from the back to the exit and the unevenness in the length direction is reduced, the already formed unevenness is sequentially filled and a new formation is made. Sequentially loading cargo with less unevenness,
A large number of types of cargo can be stored in a stacked state in a cargo storage space with little waste space.

In summary, in the present invention, by basically deciding the arrangement pattern by the branch and bound method, the arrangement pattern is always selected two-dimensionally and the cargo stowage position in a state where the waste space is small is determined. Therefore, it is possible to easily determine each arrangement pattern, and also to easily determine the arrangement pattern for accommodating the cargo in the entire space.

If the horizontally arranged units are preset as a combination pattern of a predetermined number of cargoes or less, it is possible to easily select the vertically arranged unit with less wasted space based only on the preset combination pattern. it can.

In addition, the wasted space is a space obtained based on the difference in horizontal shape between the horizontally arranged units, the height of the cargo accommodation space,
And the space obtained based on the height of the stacked cargoes, it is possible to select a state in which there is little wasted space in the vertically arranged unit as a whole, thus improving the utilization efficiency of the cargo storage space. be able to.

Furthermore, when giving priority to unevenness over surplus space,
It is possible to reduce the waste space generated by the resulting arrangement pattern in the length direction and improve the utilization efficiency of the cargo storage space. In this case, if the unevenness is prioritized over the surplus space only in the inner part of the space, the unevenness is reduced in the state where there is a lot of choice for the vertical arrangement pattern of the cargo, and the utilization efficiency of the cargo accommodation space is improved. Can be made.

Further, when the surplus space is prioritized over the unevenness, it is possible to reduce the waste space caused by the arrangement pattern in the width direction and improve the utilization efficiency of the cargo storage space. In this case, if the surplus space is prioritized over the unevenness only on the exit side of the space, the waste space in the width direction in this portion can be reduced and the utilization efficiency of the cargo storage space can be improved.

Further, in the case where unevenness occurs, when selecting the arrangement in which the recessed portion is located at the central portion in the width direction as the width direction arrangement pattern, it is possible to facilitate the selection of the arrangement pattern for the subsequent cargo, It is possible to select a cargo arrangement pattern in a state where there is little space.

<Examples> Hereinafter, detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings illustrating examples.

First, the vertical arrangement of cargos that can be accommodated (hereinafter abbreviated as a tower) is determined based on the height of a space that accommodates cargoes (for example, the internal space of a dry container, the internal space of a freight train, etc.). However, in the tower, since it is necessary that the lower cargo has a plane size sufficient to support the upper cargo, after determining the standard cargo, cargo that conforms to the top shape of the standard cargo To decide.

Specifically, for each cargo, a horizontal shape occupied by a combination of a predetermined number or less of the same cargo (hereinafter, abbreviated as a layer) is set in advance (see FIG. 2), and the bottom area as a single unit is set. A large cargo or a combination of a large number of cargoes is determined as a standard cargo.

Then, select and select a combination of cargoes that can be reasonably stacked on the determined standard cargo and that the overall height is lower than the internal height of the container (hereinafter abbreviated as tower). The dead space is calculated for each of the plurality of types of towers that have been created, and the tower with less dead space is finally selected as the tower for loading. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the cargoes forming the tower have different vertical projection shapes, or a dead plane corresponding to the deviation of the vertical projection shapes is calculated. Specifically, for example, standard cargo (width Wa, length La,
However, the waste plane generated by (Wa ≤ La) and the cargo (width W, length L, where W ≤ L) stacked on the reference cargo will be explained. A value obtained by subtracting the area of the reference cargo from the product of the width of one side and the length of the larger one of the lengths, and the width of the larger one of the widths,
The product of the larger of the above lengths and the value obtained by subtracting the area of the cargo to be stacked on the reference cargo is added to determine the dead plane generated by stacking both cargos. It is calculated. Therefore, the dead plane is calculated for each combination when one cargo is combined with another cargo, and the cargo having a relatively small dead plane is selected as a candidate for constructing the tower. . Then, some of the above candidates are stacked to form a tower having a height closest to the internal height of the container, and the tower is the optimum tower for the reference cargo. Since the above process is a one-dimensional optimal combination problem, a perfect optimal solution can be obtained by a simple recursive calculation.

In the above, the case where the standard cargoes are stacked one by one has been described, but the above method can be expanded by expanding the above method even when two or more horizontal combinations or two or more stacks are used as the standard. A perfect optimum solution can be easily obtained by assuming the length, width, and height of the result of horizontal combination and stacking as a virtual reference cargo (by performing the above processing).

After that, the optimum combination of the arrangement of the towers in the width direction of the container is detected. This optimum combination is different between the inner back part and the door part of the container, but basically, the detection is made based on the following criteria (parameters).

It should be a combination that is close to the width inside the container, that the unevenness on the door side is small, that the same type of cargo should be packed as much as possible, prioritize large cargo (long cargo), and unevenness should be stairs Shape, concentrating the recess in the center, giving priority to the tower that can fill the recess, and unevenness obtained by storing cargo in the recess,
When the size of the cargo is larger than when the cargo is not accommodated in the recess, the recess is left as a space, and the detection operation based on each of the above criteria is as follows.

This detection operation is a two-dimensional optimum combination problem, but since cargo loading in containers is performed sequentially from the back, it can be decomposed into a one-dimensional optimum combination problem.

That is, it suffices to determine which of the widths and the lengths of a plurality of towers can be combined to optimally fill the width of the container, and the above recursive calculation can completely obtain the optimal solution. However, since cargoes are sequentially loaded toward the door, the size of each tower in the container length direction is also taken into consideration, and a combination that can reduce unevenness as much as possible is sought. Specifically, FIG. 4B
Both the combination shown in FIG. 4 and the combination shown in FIG. 4A completely fill the width of the container, but the combination shown in FIG. 4B has smaller unevenness, so this is selected as the optimum solution.

However, even when the optimum solution is obtained, the order of arrangement of the towers is such that the dimensions of the towers in the container length direction gradually increase or decrease as shown in FIG. 4C. Are arranged as follows. When the number of towers is sufficiently large and the same combination can be achieved, the workability can be improved by collecting the same type of cargo, so the towers are arranged in the same arrangement in order from the back.

Conversely, if the same combination cannot be achieved, then a tower that can fill the width of the deepest recess is searched for. Specifically, a tower that can fill the plane up to the step as close as possible to the recess is searched (see FIG. 6A), and if it does not exist, a tower that can fill the plane up to the next step is searched ( Finally, look for a tower that can fill the plane to the doorway of the container (see Figure 6C). Finally, if there is no suitable tower, the plane up to the step shown in FIG. 6A is closed (see FIG. 6D), and the search operation similar to the above is performed for the step having a wider width. . However, even if there is a tower that can fill the plane in the middle of the search operation, a waste plane W2 (see FIG. 6E) generated by newly containing the tower, Compared with the waste space W1 generated by closing (see FIG. 6F), if W2> W1, then FIG. 6A
The plane up to the step shown in is closed (see FIG. 6D), and a search operation similar to the above is performed for a step having a wider width.

Also, if there is a tower group that can fill any of the above planes, the towers in the container length direction are arranged in a staircase order starting from the largest tower. Considering the relationship of, select the layout that leaves a flat surface in the center of the container. Specifically, the tower adjacent to the plane or the inner wall of the container is placed in contact with the side with the larger dimension in the container length direction, and the tower with the larger dimension in the container length direction is arranged. Place a small tower (see Fig. 7, A, B, C).

Furthermore, basically, the placement of the tower groups is determined for the entire container based on the above criteria, but on the inner back side, priority is given to reducing unevenness,
Next, the placement of towers will be sequentially determined, giving priority to the placement of towers with large plane dimensions. On the contrary, since the tolerance in the container length direction becomes smaller on the door side, the arrangement of towers is sequentially determined while giving priority to the arrangement of towers with a small gap in the width direction.
That is, by determining the layout of towers based on such criteria, it is possible to obtain a cargo stowage layout pattern with high space utilization efficiency.

In summary, there are many types of stowage combination states for multiple cargoes with respect to the internal volume of the container, and when calculating the space utilization efficiency for each combination, we found the combination with the highest space utilization efficiency. It seems that it is possible to solve it, but by solving the problem of the conventional method that the required time becomes too long, and by decomposing each combination type into a one-dimensional problem. By limiting as much as possible, it is possible to quickly obtain a stowage combination state in which space utilization efficiency is high to some extent.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart for explaining the above-mentioned method for determining the cargo loading position in detail, FIG. 1A shows a method for determining a tower, and FIG. 1B shows a method for loading the cargo inside a container based on the determined tower. The method of determining the position to attach is shown.

 First, the tower determination method will be described.

In the step, the data about the cargo to be loaded is read, the average value and the average deviation are calculated for the bottom area and the number of units in the step, and the above average value, average deviation, etc. are considered from the unprocessed cargo in the step. Select standard cargo.

Next, in the step, it is assumed that the reference cargoes are combined with one kind in a predetermined pattern as shown in FIG. 2 and stacked with one kind in a predetermined number of stages as a virtual reference cargo,
A tower with less dead space is created using another cargo, and if the dead space has already been calculated for the other tower, the tower having the smaller dead space is stored as the candidate tower. Then, in the step, it is determined whether or not the above processing is performed for all the patterns and all the number of stages for the reference cargo, and when it is determined that the above processing is not performed, the already selected reference cargo is again processed. The processing of the above steps is performed.

On the contrary, if it is determined in the above step that all patterns and all stages of the standard cargo have been processed, the candidate tower is saved in the step as the optimum tower for the selected standard cargo, and the The number of towers is counted, and in the step, it is determined whether there is a particularly large cargo that should be selected as the reference cargo in the next step, or a model with a large quantity remains. If neither remains, the tower determination process is performed. And the processing shown in FIG. 1B is performed. On the contrary, when it is determined in the above step that any of the cargoes remains, the steps below are performed again to obtain the optimum tower. If one type of cargo that can be accommodated at the height is selected, the dead plane is calculated according to the criteria shown in FIG. 3, and if the dead planes have already been calculated for other towers, the tower having the smaller dead plane Is stored as a candidate tower. Then, in the step, it is determined whether or not the above processing is performed for all the patterns, and if it is determined that the above processing is not performed, the processing in the above step is performed again for the already selected reference cargo.

On the contrary, if it is determined in the above step that all the patterns have been processed, the candidate tower is stored in the step as the optimum tower for the selected reference cargo, and all the reference cargos selected in the step are stored. It is determined whether or not the processing is completed, and if not completed, the processing after the above steps is performed on the new standard cargo. On the contrary, if it is determined in the above step that all the standard cargoes have been processed, in the step, the number of each tower stored as the optimum tower is counted, and in the step, a particularly large cargo or a large cargo. It is discriminated whether or not is left, and if none is left, the tower determination processing is ended and the processing shown in FIG. 1B is performed. On the contrary, when it is determined in the above step that any of the cargoes remains, the steps below are performed again to obtain the optimum tower.

Next, a tower stowage method in the container will be described.

In the step, reference parameters for determining the arrangement corresponding to the inner back side of the container and reference parameters for determining the arrangement corresponding to the door side are set. Explaining these reference parameters in more detail, this is for obtaining the optimum combination of tower groups not only in the width direction within the container but also in the depth direction. As shown in FIG. age,
If the tower group combination width is X, the allowable remaining width is α, and the uneven distance in the depth direction is d, the tower groups are sequentially selected with the following priority.
Is set as a reference parameter.

(I) X = Wc, d = 0 (see FIG. 5B) (II) Wc−α ≦ X <Wc, d = 0 (see FIG. 5C) (III) X = Wc, d is the minimum (see (Refer to FIG. 5D) (IV) Wc-α ≦ X <Wc, d is the minimum (Refer to FIG. 5E) (V) X <Wc-α, d is the minimum (Refer to FIG. 5F) Therefore, the tower group combination Even if the width X does not reach the container width Wc, as long as it is within the allowable residual width α, a flat surface can be left as flat as possible by giving priority to a combination having no unevenness. still,
If the above α is changed, the selected tower group combination changes, so either give priority to filling the width, or allow some gaps to remain and leave a flat surface. Can be controlled to some extent.

Therefore, by setting different reference parameters for the inner and inner sides of the container, priority is given to leaving a flat surface on the inner and inner sides, and to fill the remaining width as much as possible on the door side. Can be prioritized.

Specifically, five types of reference parameters α11, α12, ..., α15 are set in advance for the inner side of the container, and five types of reference parameters α21, α22, ... For the door side of the container. By setting α25 in advance,
There will be a combination of 25 different standard parameters, which will allow us to deal with a wide range of cargo.

After the standard parameters are set as described above, the placement of towers that can be accommodated within the container width is calculated in step, sorted by the dimension in the depth direction in step, and the coordinates of each tower in step. Set, and if there is the same combination of tower arrangements in the step, arrange them in the same arrangement. Then, it is determined whether or not a flat boundary having no unevenness is formed in the step, and if the flat boundary is formed, the process following the step is performed again as it is.

On the contrary, when it is determined that the flat boundary is not formed in the step, the coordinates of the boundary line are set in the step, the deepest recess is identified in the step, and the recess is filled in the step. The optimum depth that can be accommodated from the combination of towers (including the case of a single tower) that can be accommodated in the step by setting the allowable depth by hitting, setting the tower that can be accommodated in the recess in step Calculate the tower group, determine whether there is a suitable tower group in the step, if not, determine whether the allowable depth in the step has reached the limit depth to the doorway, If it has not reached, the allowable depth in the step is increased and the processing following the step is performed again.

If it is determined in the above step that a suitable tower group exists, it is determined whether or not the allowable depth in the step has reached the limit depth to the doorway, and it is determined that the depth has been reached. In step, calculate the area P1 of the plane newly generated by accommodating the tower group and the area P2 of the recess when the tower group is not accommodated at all.
It is determined whether P2 is smaller, and if it is determined that the area P2 is smaller, in the step, the recess is closed without accommodating the tower group, and in the step, a new boundary line Set the coordinates. If it is determined in the above step that the allowable depth has reached the limit depth to the doorway, the processing in the above step is performed as it is.

On the contrary, if it is determined in the above step that the allowable depth does not reach the limit depth to the doorway, or if in the above step it is determined that the area P2 is equal to or larger than the area P1, the step In, the tower group is sorted by the dimension in the depth direction of the container, the coordinates of each tower inside the container are set in the step, and the process of the step is performed as it is.

Then, after performing the process of the above step, it is determined whether or not there is a tower that can be accommodated in the remaining container plane in the step, and if it exists, the process of the above step and subsequent steps is performed. Since one case of horizontal placement of towers in a container has been completed, if the total number of dead planes in the container is calculated in step and the waste planes have already been calculated in other tower placements in step, Tower layouts with few planes are set as tower layout candidates, and in step, the reference parameters for determining the layouts corresponding to the inner and inner sides of the container and the reference parameters for determining the layouts corresponding to the door side are as much as possible. If it is determined whether or not it has been changed, and if it is determined that either one may be changed Performs the following steps again, but if it is determined that both have been changed as much as possible, the cargo that comes into contact with the protrusion on the innermost innermost side in the step is removed, and the unprocessed cargo remains in the step. Determine whether it exists.

If it is determined that there is unprocessed cargo in the step, in the step, the coordinates of the boundary line of the tower arrangement in the container until then are set, and in the step, the bottom area and The average and the average deviation are calculated, the selection condition of the standard cargo is changed in the step, and the processes following the step in the flowchart of FIG.

On the contrary, if it is determined in the above step that there is no unprocessed cargo, the tower that was not placed in the container in the step is disassembled into single cargo, and the cargo loading layout pattern determined in the step is set. It is output for each stage, and in the step, it is determined whether or not there is an unprocessed cargo, and if it does not exist, the series of processing is ended as it is, but if it exists, the steps in the flowchart of FIG. Is processed.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a result of performing the processing based on the above-mentioned flow chart.
It is shown loaded inside a foot dry container.

FIG. 8A shows the layout of the tower group of the first container, and FIGS. 8B to 8F show the cargo layout of the first to fifth stages, respectively, and the volumetric efficiency was 93.0%.

Further, FIG. 8G shows the layout of the tower group of the second container, and FIGS. H to L show the cargo layout from the first stage to the fifth stage, respectively, with a volume efficiency of 78.6%. there were.

Furthermore, the time required to obtain the above cargo arrangement was about 10 minutes.

It should be noted that the display of blanks in each of the above-mentioned stages not only indicates a state in which there is no cargo at all, but is displayed as a blank even when tall cargo is accommodated and the number of cargo stages is reduced. Therefore, only the space smaller than the total sum of blanks displayed in each figure is left as a waste space.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and for example, the inside of the container can be further subdivided to change the reference parameter for each section, and the combination pattern as the reference cargo can be changed. It can be increased or decreased, and can be applied when the cargo is stored in a closed space other than the container. In addition, various design changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Is possible.

<Effects of the Invention> As described above, the present invention selects a tower in which freight is sequentially stacked on the standard freight so that the number of dead planes is reduced based on a preset standard pattern, Since the towers are arranged so that the surplus planes in the width direction are reduced and the planes formed on the doorway side are arranged as flat as possible, it is possible to achieve a considerably high space utilization efficiency, It has a unique effect that the time required to decide the cargo allocation can be greatly shortened.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flow chart for explaining an embodiment of a method for determining a cargo stowage position, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a pattern of standard cargo, FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a waste plane of a tower, FIG. 4, and FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating how to find the widthwise arrangement of tower groups, FIGS. 6 and 7 are diagrams illustrating how to find a tower group that can fill recesses, and FIG. The figure which shows the example of cargo loading.

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A method for determining the loading position of each cargo when a large number of cargos of various types are loaded in a limited space, wherein a horizontally-arranged unit including at least one cargo is installed in a space of a cargo storage space. Select a layout with less wasted space when stacked at a height lower than the vertical layout unit as a vertical layout unit, and select a redundant space with the selected vertical layout unit arranged in the width direction and a layout with less unevenness in the length direction. Cargo stowage position in space characterized by selecting as the width direction arrangement pattern, and selecting the width direction arrangement pattern so as to fill the unevenness from the back to the exit and reduce the unevenness in the length direction How to decide. 2. The method for determining a cargo stowage position in a space according to claim 1, wherein the horizontally arranged units are preset as a combination pattern of cargo within a predetermined number. 3. A sum of a space obtained based on a difference in horizontal shape between horizontally arranged units and a space obtained based on a height of a cargo storage space and a height of stacked cargo. A method for determining a cargo stowage position in a space according to claim 1, wherein 4. A method for determining a freight stowage position in a space according to claim 1, wherein the unevenness has priority over the surplus space. 5. The freight stowage position deciding method in a space according to claim 4, wherein the unevenness is prioritized over the surplus space only in the inner part of the space. 6. The method for determining a cargo stowage position in a space according to claim 1, wherein the surplus space is prioritized over the unevenness. 7. The method for determining a cargo stowage position in a space according to claim 6, wherein the surplus space is prioritized over the unevenness only on the doorway side of the space. 8. A freight stowage position determination in a space according to claim 1, wherein, when unevenness occurs, an arrangement for locating the recessed portion at the center in the width direction is selected as a width direction arrangement pattern. Method.