JPH0772831B2 - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument, and more particularly to an input device for controlling an electronic sound producing parameter of an electronic musical instrument which produces an electronic sound corresponding to a stringed musical instrument or the like.

[Prior Art] Conventionally, there is known an electronic musical instrument which controls a musical sound in accordance with a two-axis control output of a joystick (for example, Jikkai 55-
68192).

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In the conventional electronic musical instrument, an X of a joystick is used.
Since the output and the Y output are used as they are as the parameters of the tone control, the operation mode of the joystick is completely different from the operation mode of the bow in the actual string instrument when controlling the electronic sound corresponding to the string instrument, for example. There was no choice but to control the electronic sound.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electronic musical instrument capable of controlling a musical sound in an operation mode that has not been available in the past.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, an electronic musical instrument according to the present invention has a joystick having an operating rod, a musical sound forming means for generating a musical tone signal, and an operation moving speed of the operating rod of the joystick. And a control means for controlling the tone signal generated by the tone forming means according to the detected value.

[Operation] The operation moving speed of the joystick operating rod is detected, and the musical tone signal is controlled in accordance with this speed.

Embodiments Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an example of an input operator including a joystick mechanism according to the present invention. An X-direction guide arm 2 and a Y-direction guide arm 3 are rotatably mounted in the housing 1. The joystick operating rod 4 is inserted into the intersection of the long holes provided in each of the guide arms 2 and 3. An operating grip portion 5 is formed at the tip of the operating rod 4. The operation rod 4 is attached to the housing 1 via a freely rotatable body 6 so as to be freely rotatable. X-direction and Y-direction guide arms 2,
Rotational position detectors 7 and 8 composed of a rotary volume in the X and Y directions are mounted on the rotary bearing portion of No. 3.

The grip portion 5 of the operating rod 4 is provided with a pressure sensor (described later) for detecting grip pressure.

The X-direction rotational position detector 7, the Y-direction rotational position detector 8 and the pressure sensor of the grip portion 5 are connected to the control circuit 9.
The control circuit 9 is connected to a drive device 10 for an electronic musical instrument, such as a sound source of an electronic musical instrument, which will be described later.

In the input control device having the above-described configuration, the operation rod 4, which is an input operator, freely rotates in the X and Y directions as in a normal joystick mechanism, and the rotational position in each direction is detected in the X and Y rotational positions. It is detected as a resistance change of the rotary volume of the devices 7 and 8. In the present invention, the operating pressure such as the gripping pressure of the operating rod 4 of the joystick mechanism is further detected. The detected pressure signal is input to the control circuit 9 together with the position detection signals in the X direction and the Y direction. The control circuit 9 performs predetermined arithmetic processing on parameters necessary for controlling the drive unit 10 based on the detection signals of the X position, the Y position of the operating rod 4 and the operating pressure, and controls the drive unit 10 to be controlled. The control signal of each control parameter is input.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an essential part of another embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, in addition to the operation pressure detection sensor described above, a rotation sensor 13 made of a rotary volume for detecting the rotation of the operation rod 4 about its axis is attached to the operation rod 4. The operating rod 4 of the joystick mechanism is mounted on the free rotating part 6, and the free rotating part 6 has a ring 11
On the other hand, it is mounted rotatably around the Y-axis. The ring 11 is attached to a support arm 12 fixed to the bottom surface of the housing so as to be rotatable about an axis in the X direction. With such a configuration, the free rotating unit 6 can freely rotate with respect to the housing 1 (see FIG. 1). The rotation sensor 13 is attached to the base of the operating rod 4 and detects the rotation around the axis of the operating rod 4 (arrow A) as a resistance change of the rotary volume. The operating rod 4 is
When the rotation operation is stopped and the hand is released, the spring returns to the original position (reference position where the rotation angle becomes 0) by a spring (not shown). Stopper means for positioning and holding the operation rod 4 at this reference position may be provided.

In such a configuration, by operating the operating rod 4,
The X-position and Y-direction rotational position detectors 7 and 8 detect the X-position and the Y-position of the operating rod 4, and obtain the operating pressure and the detection signal of the rotational position around the shaft. These four detection signals in total can be used as control input signals for control parameters.

The rotation detecting means of the operating rod 4 is not limited to the rotary volume, but a ring provided with a magnetic pattern, a black-and-white pattern or a through hole pattern is fixed on the operating rod side, and a magnetic sensor for detecting these patterns, a reflection type or a transmissive type. You may use the optical sensor of.

FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b) show an example of the configuration of the grip portion 5 of the operation rod 4 which is the input operator of the control device according to the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 3A, the grip piece 14 is fixed to the tip of the operation rod 4. This gripping piece 14 is urged by a spring 16 (or the elasticity of the gripping piece itself) so as to move away from the outer peripheral surface of the operating rod 4 to some extent, as shown in FIG. On the inner surface of this grip piece 14,
A pressure sensor 15 is provided. As shown in the figure, when the grip portion 5 is gripped with a hand, the grip piece 14 is deformed inward according to the grip strength, and the pressure sensor 15 generates a detection output according to the deformation amount. As a result, the grip strength of the operating rod 4 is detected.

The operating pressure detecting means for the operating rod 4 may be a means for detecting the pressing force in the axial direction of the operating rod, instead of or together with the above-mentioned gripping pressure detecting means.

FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b) show an example of such pressing force detecting means in the axial direction of the operating rod.

A push button 17 is attached to the end of the grip portion 5 of the operation rod 4 (FIG. 4 (a)). The pressing button 17 is mounted so as to press the pressure sensor 18 provided in the grip portion 5, as shown in FIG. Reference numeral 19 denotes a spring, which pushes up the push button 17 to return it to its original position when the push force of the push button 17 is released.

In such a configuration, by pressing the push button 17 while gripping the grip portion 5, the push button 17 is pressed according to the pressing force.
Is pressed down, and the pressure sensor 18 detects this pressing force. The detected pressure signal is used as a control input signal of a control parameter of a control target after a predetermined arithmetic processing.

FIG. 5 shows another example of the pressing force detecting means in the axial direction of the operating rod.

In this example, a sleeve is attached to the rotatable body 6 at the lower end of the operating rod 4.
20 is mounted, the operating rod 4 is inserted into the sleeve 20, and the pressure sensor 18 is provided. The pressing force is detected by the pressure sensor 18 by pressing the operating rod 4 toward the lower end side along its axial direction.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the pressure sensor 18 may be provided not at the lower end portion of the operating rod 4 but at the intermediate portion thereof.

FIG. 6 shows another example of rotation detecting means around the axis of the operating rod 4.

This example is a rotation detector 13 composed of a rotary volume mounted on the lower end of the operating rod 4 in the embodiment of FIG.
Is provided in the grip portion 5 at the upper end of the operation rod 4.
Reference numeral 21 indicates a rotation return spring. Other configurations, functions and effects are the same as those in the above embodiment.

Next, an electronic musical instrument in which the joystick type input operator having the configuration shown in each of the above-mentioned embodiments is used as an input device to a sound source for electronic sound generation together with a keyboard will be described.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of such an electronic musical instrument. A performance operator 22 composed of the joystick operating rod 4 is connected to a microcomputer (CPU) 24 via a detector 23. The microcomputer 24 has a keyboard (keyboard)
25 is connected via the key press detector 26. The output side of the microcomputer 24 is connected to the sound source 27. The sound source 27 is connected to a sound system 28 including a speaker.

The X position, Y position, grip pressure, etc. of the performance operator 22 described above are
For example, it is detected by each detector (shown as a detector 23 as a whole in the figure) as control parameters for each performance function such as bow speed and bow pressure of a stringed instrument such as a violin.
Signal lines X, Y, θ, and P in the figure show detection signals for the X position, Y position, rotation amount, and grip pressure of the operating rod 4, respectively.
Each detection signal is converted into a signal that can be used as position data by, for example, a D / A converter, and the microcomputer (CPU) 2
Entered in 4. Further, a key depressed by the operation of the keyboard (keyboard) 25 is detected by the key depression detector 26. The detection signal of the depressed key is converted into the frequency of a predetermined tone number and input to the microcomputer 24. The signal line K indicates a detection signal of the key code of the depressed key.

Based on each detection signal, the microcomputer 24 performs a predetermined arithmetic processing to calculate a bow speed signal a, a bow pressure signal b, a pitch signal c and other parameters d corresponding to the bow of the stringed instrument and input them to the sound source 27. To do. A physical sound is synthesized in the sound source 27 based on each parameter controlled by the operation of the performance operator 22, and the synthesized sound is output from the sound system 28 as a performance sound of a stringed instrument such as a violin.

Hereinafter, the relationship between the detection signal of the performance operator and the input parameter for controlling the sound source will be described in more detail.

FIG. 8 shows a model of the strings and bow of a stringed instrument. 37 is a string,
38 indicates a finger position, 39 indicates a piece, and 40 indicates a bow position. Finger 38 and bow
The distance between 40 is D1, and the distance between the piece 39 and the bow 40 is D2. D1 + D2 is determined by the key code. D1 and D2 correspond to the delay times of the tone synthesis delay circuit (described later) corresponding to the resonance frequencies of the strings on both sides of the bow 40.

From the changes ΔX and ΔY in the position data of the operating rod of the joystick mechanism in the X and Y directions, the operating speed is V =
Calculated as (ΔX ² + ΔY ² ) ^1/2 . Further, the operation direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) of the joystick is identified from the sign of the change in the position data. The X position, the Y position, the operation speed, the operation direction, and the above-described data of the rotation angle θ about the axis and the gripping or pressing pressure P are the bow speed, bow position, rubbing position, and bow pressure of the stringed instrument, respectively. It is used as a musical tone control parameter corresponding to, etc. The correspondence relationship between the detection calculation data and the control parameters can be appropriately combined depending on the type of electronic musical instrument, the sound source configuration, and the like.

FIG. 9 shows an example of a physical sound source circuit for synthesizing electronic sounds corresponding to such string and bow models. E and R represent adders and correspond to rubbing chord points (bow 40 in FIG. 8). Q and S each represent a multiplier, which corresponds to the chord ends (the positions of the finger 38 and the piece 39 in FIG. 8) on both sides of the rubbing chord point. The closed loop consisting of the adder E, the delay circuit 41, the low-pass filter (LPF) 42, the attenuator 43 and the multiplier Q corresponds to one chord of the chord point, and the delay time of the closed loop corresponds to the resonance frequency of the chord. . Similarly,
A closed loop consisting of the adder R, the delay circuit 44, the LPF 45, the attenuator 46 and the multiplier S corresponds to the chord on the other side of the chord point.

T is a non-linear function generator. In this non-linear function generator, the outputs of the closed loops on both sides of the rubbing point are added by an adder W.
The signal obtained by adding the signal corresponding to the bow velocity to the signal synthesized in step 1 and further adding the signal from the fixed hysteresis low-pass filter U and the gain G input to the multiplier V is input. Further, the hysteresis control of the non-linear function generator T is performed by a signal corresponding to the bow pressure.

In the sound source circuit having the above structure, the bow speed signal is obtained by the calculation processing of the position detection signal of the operating rod of the performance operator, and the bow pressure signal is obtained from the gripping pressure detection signal of the operating rod. The delay time by the delay circuits 41 and 44 is the bow position (that is, D1, D2
(FIG. 8)), the bow position is obtained from the rotation amount detection signal θ of the operating rod, for example. The cutoff frequency, which is a parameter of the LPFs 42 and 45, determines the tone color of the musical tone and is obtained from the detection signal of the position X of the operating rod, for example. Further, the attenuation speed can be obtained from the detection signal of the position Y of the operating rod.

As described above, by inputting each detection signal of the operation stick of the performance operator as a parameter of each circuit of the sound source, it is possible to create an electronic sound according to the rubbed string mode of the rubbed string instrument.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a control mechanism of the electronic musical instrument according to the present invention. As described above, the signals from the performance operator (joystick) 22 and the keyboard 25 are input to the CPU 24 from the bus line via the detection circuit 23 and the keyboard switch circuit 26. The CPU 24 reads the necessary data from the program ROM 49 storing each routine program, the data ROM 50 storing the data necessary for the arithmetic processing and the work RAM 51 storing the calculation results during the arithmetic processing, and controls the tone as described above. Calculate parameters for. The function operator 47 normally selects a tone color, vibrato, etc. and switches various modes. In this embodiment, detection mode switching between bow position detection and bow speed detection is performed. Timer 48 is CP
An interrupt routine is performed at a fixed cycle of several ms for the main routine by U24.

FIG. 11 shows the basic main routine. In step 52, each arithmetic circuit is initialized and each sound source parameter is set to a predetermined initial value. Subsequently, the key depression switch processing (step 53) and other switch processing (step 54)
Is repeated. With respect to such a main routine, an interrupt routine (described later) is executed at a constant cycle by the timer 48 (FIG. 10) to calculate each control input parameter.

FIG. 12 shows a mode switching routine. In step 55, the mode such as the detection mode is changed, and the detection result is stored in the register for the next detection calculation process. Each parameter processed based on the detected data is initialized in step 56. That is, the data of the previous angle X and the angle Y are set for the angle change calculation processing (ANGXO
← ANGX, ANGYO ← ANGY) and the filter coefficient (FCOEF) are set to standard values.

FIG. 13 shows a routine at the time of key-on. First, the key code of the depressed key is stored in the key code register (KCD) (step 57). Next, the sound generation channel of the sound source is assigned. The assigned channel is stored in the Assign Channel Register (ACH) (step 5
8). Next, a channel on (CHON) signal is sent to the channel to which the sound source is assigned (step 59). Then the 14th
The key code is registered in the assigned channel (ACH) of the channel table as shown in the figure (step 60). At this time, input the signal “1” to the flag of the channel for which the key code is registered.

FIG. 15 shows a routine when the key is off. First, the key code of the released key is stored in the KCD (step 61).
Then, the channel table is used to search the sound source channel of the sound source to which the key code is assigned (step 6).
2). In step 63, it is judged whether or not there is such a channel. If not, the routine is ended, and if there is, a channel off signal is sent to the tone generation channel of the sound source to cut the sound of this channel (step 64). At this time, the cut sound starts to be attenuated. Then, the signal "0" is input to the channel flag of the channel table whose channel has been turned off (step 65).

FIG. 16 shows an interrupt routine for interrupting the main routine at fixed intervals with a fixed clock. First, the detected values of the performance operator, that is, the operating pressure P of the operating rod, the angle (position) X, the angle (position) Y, and the rotation amount θ are stored in the corresponding registers, PRES, ANGX, ANGY, and ROT (steps). 66). Next, at step 67, it is judged if the pressure data PRES is larger than a predetermined threshold value (THRL). When the pressure is lower than the threshold value, it is ignored as noise. If YES, step 68 determines whether the MOD register is "1".
If it is "1", the bow velocity v and its direction (DIR) are directly obtained from the position data of the operating rod using a table created and stored in advance (step 69). According to another routine B, other sound source parameters are calculated and sent to each channel of the sound source.

If MOD is "0" in step 68, the process proceeds to step 70, and the changing speed of the angle X and the angle Y is obtained from the difference between the current position data and the previous position data. At this time, since the detection timing interval is constant, the position difference directly corresponds to the changing speed. Further, other sound source parameters are calculated according to a routine A described later and sent to each channel of the sound source.

FIG. 17 shows an input routine B to the sound source at step 69 of the interrupt routine (FIG. 16). Angle X in step 71
Speed v and direction DI using the table directly from the data of
Find R. These velocity v and direction DIR are data corresponding to the velocity and direction of the bow of a stringed instrument.

In this embodiment, the number of sound source channels is four, which corresponds to the number of strings of the violin. By providing a plurality of sound sources in this way, the reverberation effect of the original sound source can be obtained when the key-on signal is transferred from one channel to another channel.
In step 72, the number i is set to check the channels one by one. In step 73, it is judged whether or not the channel flag is "1", that is, whether or not the tone generation channel (key-on) in which the key code is input. If NO, increment the channel number and repeat the check (step 7
7). If YES, enter the channel key code (CHKCD) into the key code register (KCD) (step 7).
Four). Next, in step 75, a plurality of tone color data groups TCD
The tone control parameters are calculated based on the key code (KCD) and bow direction (DIR) data. At this time DI
Since the parameter changes depending on R, the timbre changes depending on the direction of the bow. Delay length D according to the data of angle Y
Find 1, D2. At this time, since the key code (corresponding to D1 + D2) is given, D1 and D2 can be easily obtained. Further, the filter coefficients of LPFs 42 and 45 (FIG. 9) are obtained from the data of the rotation angle θ. Next, the bow velocity v, the bow pressure PRES, the delay lengths D1 and D2, and the filter coefficient FCOEF are sent to the i-th channel that is keyed on (step 76). Then the number i is 1
Raise (step 77) and check all four channels (step 78).

FIG. 18 shows the input routine A to the sound source in step 70 of the interrupt routine (FIG. 16). First, in step 79, the variation ΔX of the angle X is obtained from the difference between the data of the angle X and the data of the previous angle X. Similarly, the change amount ΔY of the angle Y is obtained. From these data, (ΔX ² + ΔY ² ) ^1/2 is calculated to obtain the velocity VEL (step 80). Then the table (V
VTBL) is used to convert the velocity VEL into the bow velocity v (step 81). Next, ANGY * [Delta] X-ANGX * [Delta] Y is calculated from the angles X, Y (ANGX, ANGY) and their changes ([Delta] X, [Delta] Y) to obtain direction data D (step 82). This direction data indicates the moving direction of whether the joystick is rotating clockwise or counterclockwise. The direction DIR of the bow is obtained by detecting the sign of this direction data D (step 83). The data of the angle X and the angle Y (ANGX, ANGY) are stored in the registers ANGXO, ANGYO for the next calculation (step 84).

Next, as mentioned above, for the four channels of the sound source,
In step 85, the number i is set to check the channels one by one. At step 86, it is judged if the channel flag is "1", that is, if it is the sounding channel (key-on) in which the key code is input. If NO, increment the channel number and repeat chucking (step 9
0). If YES, enter the channel key code (CHKCD) into the key code register (KCD) (step 8).
7). Next, in step 88, a plurality of tone color data groups TCD
The tone control parameters are calculated based on the key code (KCD) and bow direction (DIR) data out of 1. At this time DI
Since the parameter changes depending on R, the timbre changes depending on the direction of the bow. Delay length based on rotation angle θ data
Find D1 and D2. This determines the position of the bow. At this time, the key code (corresponding to D1 + D2) is given, so D
1 and D2 are easily obtained. Next, bow speed v, bow pressure PRES, delay lengths D1 and D2 are set to the i-th channel that is keyed on.
Is transmitted (step 89). Then, the number i is incremented by 1 (step 90), and all four channels are checked (step 91).

In the above embodiment, the sound source is not limited to the circuit shown in FIG. 9, but is of a calculation type (FM sound source, high frequency synthesized sound source).
Alternatively, a waveform memory type sound source or a combined sound source of both may be used.

Further, in the embodiment, the example of the musical tone parameter control by software is shown, but it may be controlled by dedicated hardware. Further, in the embodiment, the electronic musical instrument corresponding to the stringed instrument using the bow has been described, but the present invention is not limited to the stringed instrument. Further, the sound source to be controlled is not limited to a compound sound, and may be a single sound.
In the embodiment, the tone generation control is performed by releasing the keys of the keyboard, but the keyboard may perform only the pitch designation and the tone generation control may be directly controlled by the output from the input operator.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the electronic musical instrument of the first aspect of the present invention, the operation moving speed of the operation stick of the joystick is detected, and the musical tone signal is controlled according to this speed. Therefore, it is possible to control a musical sound in an unprecedented operation mode. For example, when controlling an electronic sound corresponding to a stringed instrument, the operation mode of the joystick is similar to that of a bow in an actual stringed instrument. You can
The electronic sound can be easily controlled.

According to the electronic musical instrument of the second aspect, since the musical tone forming means having the loop means having at least the delay means is adopted, it is possible to faithfully imitate the sounding principle of the stringed instrument.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an external view of an input control device for an electronic musical instrument according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a main part of another example of the input control device according to the present invention, and FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b). ) Is an explanatory diagram of an example of the configuration of the input operating rod according to the present invention, and FIGS. 4A and 4B are configuration explanatory diagrams of an example of the pressing force detecting means of the input operating rod. Is a sectional view of another example of the pressing force detecting means of the operating rod, FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of a main part of another example of the rotation detecting means of the operating rod, and FIG. 7 is an input operator according to the present invention. Fig. 8 is a block diagram of an electronic musical instrument using the. Fig. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a positional relationship between strings and a bow, Fig. 9 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a sound source, and Fig. 10 is a musical tone control mechanism according to the present invention. Block diagram, FIG. 11 is a flowchart of the main routine, FIG. 12 is a flowchart of the mode switching routine, and FIG. 13 is the key-on. 14 is a flowchart of the channel table, FIG. 15 is a flowchart of the key-off routine, FIG. 16 is a flowchart of the interrupt routine, and FIG. 17 is a flowchart of the routine of FIG. FIG. 18 is a flowchart of the input parameter generation / transmission routine in one step, and FIG. 18 is the input parameter generation / transmission routine in another step of the routine of FIG. 4: Operation rod, 5: Grip, 7: X position detector, 8: Y position detector, 13: Rotation detector, 15, 18: Pressure sensor 22: Performance operator, 25: Keyboard, 27: Sound source, 37: strings, 40: bow.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A joystick having an operating rod, a tone forming means for generating a tone signal, an operation moving speed of the operating rod of the joystick is detected, and the tone forming means generates the tone according to the detected value. And a control means for controlling a musical tone signal. 2. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the musical sound forming means comprises a loop section having at least a delay section and a waveform signal generating section for inputting a waveform signal to the loop section. 3. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, further comprising pitch specifying means for specifying a pitch, wherein the tone forming means corresponds to the pitch specified by the pitch specifying means. An electronic musical instrument characterized in that it generates a musical tone signal of a frequency.