JPH0728626B2 - Solid material delivery device - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention [Industrial applications]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an apparatus for throwing and feeding solid matter such as bait, synthetic resin molding raw material pellets, or crushed ice to a distant place, and more particularly to an optimum feeding apparatus for a feeding apparatus for aquaculture and fishery that throws and feeds bait.

[Prior art]

As feed for seawater-cultured fish such as yellowtail, sea bream and flounder, and freshwater fish such as brocade salmon and salmon, in addition to thawed frozen fish, pelleted food that has been shaped into a certain grain shape and dried Moist pellet baits that have been refrigerated in the dry state are often used as fish feed. The air delivery type solids delivery device is currently the most commonly used device for delivering solids used to feed fish feed towards the surface of a fish cage. This device puts thawed fish in a hoppe, dried pellets, moist pellets, etc., feeds this bait to a rotary feeder that rotates by a prime mover, blows the bait by a high-speed air flow by pressure air by a blower,
It is applied to a fishpond. This device is called a bait machine, as it baits the fish pond. This bait machine has a structure that blows off the bait with a large amount of compressed air, requires a large-scale compressor such as a roots blower, and the required power is about 0.5 tons per hour.
It requires more than 0 horsepower. Also, a large noise unique to a large-capacity blower is generated, and due to the noise, the fish farming does not submerge deep in the water at the time of feeding and does not float up, resulting in poor predation efficiency. An automatic feeding device that does not throw solids into the distance has also been developed. This device discharges dry pellet baits (commonly called dry pellets) pre-supplied in the hopper in a fixed amount within a unit time by a screw feeder supported by a prime mover, and drops them into a fishpond below to feed them. The feeding is stopped by a timer, and it is automatically fed over a long period of time. The feeding device of this structure is exclusively for dry pellets, and the bridging phenomenon occurs in the moist pellets and the raw bait, so that the pellets cannot drop from the hopper to the screw feeder and cannot be discharged. Moreover, since there is no function of throwing food in the horizontal direction and no function of spraying it, there is a restriction that it must be installed directly above the fish pond. In addition, the bait machine that rotates the drum that fixes the blades in the cylindrical casing and accelerates the bait supplied by the blades of the drum to throw it away from the discharge cylinder provided tangentially to the casing is a shokai 60-162451. Japanese patent publication.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

The bait machine described in this publication has a feature that baits can be thrown away by a simple mechanism. However, this bait machine has a drawback that the bait is scattered depending on the kind of bait thrown away. This is because the bait collides with the blades that rotate at high speed and is accelerated. If the rotation speed of the blades is reduced in order to prevent the bait from falling apart, the bait cannot be accelerated at a high speed, and the bait cannot be efficiently thrown away. By the way, a device for accelerating a bucket provided at the tip of a rotating arm by a biasing force of a spring has also been developed as a device for throwing a rope (JP-A-60-224433). In the device described in this publication, a one-way clutch is connected between a motor and a rotating arm so that the rotating shaft of the rotating arm is accelerated by a spring to rotate. Although this device can throw a line with a spring, it is difficult to throw solid matter such as bait efficiently. This is because it is difficult to supply solid matter to the bucket of the rotating arm. The present invention was developed for the purpose of eliminating these drawbacks of the conventional solid material delivery device, and an important object of the present invention is that the required power is small and no noise is generated during operation. , There is proposed a solid material delivery device capable of throwing and transferring solid material. Further, another important object of the present invention is to say not only hard solid materials such as raw material pellets for synthetic resin molding and crushed ice, but also solid materials that are soft and easily broken in shape, for example, raw bait, particularly moist pellets and the like. It is an object of the present invention to propose a solid material delivery device capable of transferring solid material without destroying its shape and, if necessary, spraying simultaneously with the transfer.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

The solid substance delivery apparatus of the present invention is connected between the shaft 2 rotated by the prime mover 1, the throwing arm 5 fixed to the shaft 2 in the radial direction, and the prime mover 1 and the shaft 2. The clutch 3 and the spring 9 that is connected to the crank 8 that is connected to the shaft 2 and accelerates the shaft 2 are provided. The throwing arm 5 has a shovel 4 at the tip for picking up and transferring solid matter. On the other hand, the clutch 3 transmits the driving torque to the shaft 2 only in the rotation direction of the prime mover 1. The spring 9 has one end connected to the crank 8 and accelerates the shaft 2 in the rotation direction of the prime mover 1 through the crank 8 to rotate at high speed. Further, the delivery device of the present invention is provided with a container-shaped casing 7 which is close to the outer circumference of the rotation locus of the shovel 4 fixed to the throwing arm 5 and has the outlet 6 opened in the tangential direction of the rotation locus. is doing. When the solid matter is supplied to the casing 7, the supplied solid matter is scooped by the shovel 4 of the throwing arm 5 rotating along the casing 7, and the shovel 4 scooping the solid matter is rotationally accelerated by the spring 9. Thus, the solid matter is thrown out from the outlet 6 of the casing 7.

[Action]

The solid matter delivery device of the present invention is a solid matter picked up by a shovel that is fixed to the tip of a throwing arm and rotates along the casing, and then accelerates the shovel to scoop up the solid matter supplied to the casing. Accelerate and throw away.
The shovel moves slowly when scooping the solid matter supplied to the casing, and when the scooped solid matter is thrown away, the shovel accelerates to rotate and throw the solid matter away. The excavator is rotated slowly as it scoops the solids in the casing because the prime mover rotates the excavator and provides energy, such as by extending a spring connected to the shaft. The high speed rotation of the shaft when throwing solid objects
This is because the spring accelerates the shaft in the rotation direction. In this way, the shovel that slowly rotates the inside of the casing and scoops the solid matter does not give an excessive impact to the solid matter and scoops the easily broken solid matter without losing its shape. Further, the scooped solid matter can be efficiently sent to a distance and delivered.

[Preferred embodiment]

Hereinafter, a specific example in which the delivery device according to the embodiment of the present invention is used in a bait device will be described with reference to the drawings. The delivery device shown in FIG. 1 has a prime mover 1, a one-way clutch 3 that transmits the rotational drive of this prime mover 1 to a shaft 2, and a shovel 4 that is connected to the shaft 2 rotated by the one-way clutch 3 and has a shovel 4 at its tip. The arm 5, the casing 7 in which the ejection port 6 is opened close to the rotation trajectory of the throwing arm 5, the clamp 8 for rotating the shaft 2 at high speed, and the spring 9
Equipped with. The prime mover 1 uses a geared motor having a torque capable of rotating the shaft 2 slowly and rotating the shaft 2 against the elasticity of a spring 9 connected to the shaft 2 via a crank 8. The prime mover 1 slowly rotates the shaft 2 in a direction in which the shovel 4 throws food. On the other hand, in the clutch 3, the shaft 2 is rotated by the prime mover 1,
When the shaft 2 is rotated by the spring 9 at a higher speed than the rotation speed of the prime mover 1, the driving torque is transmitted only in the rotation direction of the prime mover 1 so that the shaft 2 can freely rotate faster due to the rotation speed of the prime mover 1. However, all the clutches that release the connection between the shaft 2 and the prime mover 1 when the shaft 2 rotates in the opposite direction, that is, in the direction of arrow A with respect to the prime mover 1 in FIG. Can be used. The shaft 2 is itself rotatably and horizontally supported via a bearing (not shown). Since the throwing arm 5 rotates in a vertical plane, the horizontally supported shaft 2 can fly the bait farthest. The throwing arm 5 is extended in the radial direction and one end thereof is fixed to the shaft 2. The shovel 4 at the tip has a recessed central portion and a forward end portion so that the bait in the casing 7 can be efficiently extracted and thrown. It is formed like an open hopper. The casing 7 is opened at the upper side so that the bait can be fed from above and the fed bait can be thrown upward by 30 to 60 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane as shown in FIG. The mouth 10 and the outlet 6 are opened. The overall shape of the casing 7 is formed into a hollow disk shape that approaches the rotation locus of the shovel 4 so that the shovel 4 can pick up the bait supplied inside and throw it. The outer circumference of the tip of the shovel 4 rotates in a circular orbit. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, if the outer circumference of the casing 7 is formed in an arc shape and the inner surface of the arc shape is extremely close to the tip outer circumference of the shovel 4, for example, about 0.1 to 5 mm, the shovel 4 Every time the is rotated, almost all of the bait supplied in the casing 7 can be thrown. However, the present invention does not specify the outer circumference of the casing 7 in an arc shape, but can use, for example, a polygonal shape having a gap with the shovel of, for example, several cm. Therefore, in the present specification, the term "the casing approaches the outer circumference of the rotation trajectory of the shovel" is used in a broad sense including a state in which the distance between the two is several cm or more. The distance between both sides of the shovel 4 and the inner surfaces of the casing 7 side plates can also be several cm, and the distance between them can be several cm.
In the above cases as well, the casing 7 is in a state of approaching the rotation trajectory of the shovel 4. As shown in FIG. 2, the throwing port 6 opened in the tangential direction of the rotation locus of the shovel 4 can adjust the angle formed with the horizontal plane to adjust the throwing direction and the throwing distance. If you want to fly the bait farthest, set the outlet 6 to 40
Adjust to a range of ~ 50 degrees. In FIG. 1, a disk-shaped crank 8 is fixed to the right end of the shaft 2, and a spring 9 is attached to a pin 11 of the crank 8.
One end of the traction spring, which is
Is fixed to a frame which itself is positioned in a plane orthogonal to the shaft 2 and whose tip is fixed. The high speed rotation range of the shovel 4 can be adjusted by the positions of the crank 8 and the spring 9. The crank 8 and the spring 9 are determined at a position where the spring 9 accelerates the shaft 2 of the throwing arm 5 in a state where the shovel 4 extracts the bait. That is, in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the spring 9 is extended until the shovel 4 extracts the bait, and at the moment when the shovel 4 passes through the position, the contraction energy of the spring 9 causes the shaft 2 to rotate the prime mover 1. Rotating at a higher speed than the speed, the bait supplied to the casing 7 is lifted up by the shovel 4 and thrown obliquely upward. Until the shovel 4 pulls it up, the rotation is slow and the contracting movement of the spring 9 causes the shovel 4 to be smoothly accelerated and the bait to be thrown, so that the soft and easily crumbled bait can be thrown without breaking the shape. . The position where the shovel 4 is accelerated by the spring 9 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. In FIG. 2, until the crankpin 11 reaches the point A,
The shovel 4 slowly moves by the biased rotation of the prime mover 1, while the spring 9 is stretched by the rotational driving force of the shaft 2. The rotation of the shaft 2 is accelerated by the contraction energy of the spring 9 at the moment of passing the point A, overtaking the biased rotation by the prime mover 1 to rotate at a high speed to feed.
The inertial force passes through a position of 180 degrees from point A, rotates by a predetermined angle, and then is pulled by the spring 9 to stop. However, due to the action of the prime mover 1 and the one-way clutch (not shown), it is actually Immediately the prime mover 1 without stopping completely
It is driven by the biased rotation of. FIG. 2 shows a state in which the prime mover 1 drives the motor at the moment the shovel 4 stops. The rotation speed of the shovel 4 is, as shown in FIG.
Exercises at a non-constant speed in the section. Low-speed section driven by a prime mover ... Acceleration section: Accelerates gradually, but the bait does not break because the acceleration is relatively slow. Feeding section: Accelerating to high speed. Inertial motion section: The speed is reduced by the spring. The shovel repeatedly feeds by feeding the above-mentioned non-uniform rotational motion. FIG. 3 shows the position of the shovel with respect to FIG. 1 to 3, baits are fed into the casing 7 from above, but FIG. 5 shows the shaft 2 of the casing 7.
An embodiment is shown in which a solid matter delivery device 12 for feeding food is connected in the vicinity. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the solid matter delivery device 12 includes a bridge breaker 14 and a screw feeder 15 arranged in a hopper 13. The hopper 13 is opened at the upper side, and the bottom plate is inclined downwardly toward the screw feeder 15 as shown in FIG. 6 so that the bait inside slides toward the screw feeder 15 at the center. The bridge breaker 14 prevents the bait in the hopper 13 from becoming a bridge, and the shaft with the pin 16 fixed on the surface.
17 is horizontally supported in two steps, and is connected to the prime mover 1 and is rotated at an ultra-low speed of several revolutions per minute, for example. The bridge breaker 14 rotated at an ultra-low speed stirs without destroying the shape of the bait and drops it on the screw feeder 15 below. The screw feeder 15 is coaxial with the shaft 2 of the feeding device, penetrates the bottom of the hopper 13, and the right end in FIG. 5 is the shaft 2 of the feeding device. The screw feeder shaft 15 is fixed with a spiral fin 18 for rotating the screw feeder shaft 15 and feeding the bait in the hopper to the feeding device. The hopper through hole of the screw feeder 15, that is, the solid material supply port 19 is communicated with the central portion of the casing 7 of the delivery device in a state where the bait does not leak to the outside. The screw feeder 15 is connected to the prime mover 1 via the one-way clutch 3. Therefore, one prime mover 1
It is also used for driving the screw feeder 15 and the shaft 2 of the feeding device. Since food is supplied to the central portion of the casing 7 in this delivery device, it is not necessary to open the solid material supply port above the casing 7 as shown in FIG. An outlet 6 is opened above the casing 7 in the tangential direction of the outer circumference of the casing in an upward direction. The delivery device of this structure is sprayed at a flight distance of about 4 to 5 meters to 10 meters, but those falling in front can be guided into the aquaculture net 21 by the gutter 20. FIG. 8 shows a structure for adjusting the flight distance of the bait by changing the pulling force of the spring 9. In this figure, one end is the shaft 2
The spring 9 connected to the crank pin 11 is connected to a spring box 23 via an adjusting screw 22. The adjusting screw 22 penetrates the stop plate 24 in the spring box 23, and the strength of the spring 9 can be adjusted by the adjusting nut 25.
When the adjusting nut 25 is loosened, the pulling force of the spring 9 is weakened, and the bait flight distance is short. On the contrary, when the adjusting nut 25 is tightened and the pulling force of the spring 9 is strengthened, the bait can be blown away. Therefore, the strength of the spring 9 is adjusted depending on the throwing distance and the amount of solid matter per time. The spring box 23 is fixed to the side surface of the casing 7 and has the spring 9 built therein so that the upper lid 26 can be opened and closed. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the feeding means and the shaft 2 of the screw feeder 15 are integrated, and the screw feeder 15
It is not possible to adjust the correlation between the supply amount of and the emission amount of the shovel 4. Therefore, depending on the type of solid matter to be sent, the shovel 4
In comparison with the discharge amount of the above, the feed amount of the screw feeder 15 is too large, and the feed amount of the feeding means in the casing 7 per one time is too large. The flight distance cannot be obtained. If the tensile force of the spring 9 is increased, the flight distance can be increased, but there is a limit to that, and the vibration becomes severe. Further, since the feeding speed of the screw feeder 15 is also the same as the rotation speed of the shovel 4, it causes an unequal speed motion including high speed and low speed in one rotation, so that a large amount of food is supplied to the casing 7 at high speed. There is a case where a large weight is applied by 15 and it becomes a brake, and the shovel 4 cannot rotate at high speed. The supply amount can be reduced to some extent by decreasing the pitch of the screw feeder 15 or decreasing the screw diameter, but the temporary overload due to being supplied at one time during the high speed rotation of the shovel 4 throw stroke is reduced. Can not. Also, at that high speed, the screw feeder 15
There is also a demerit that the shape of the soft moist pellet is destroyed by the fin. The delivery device shown in FIG. 9 differs from that shown in FIG. 5 in that the shaft 2 ′ of the screw feeder 15 arranged at the bottom of the feeding device 12 and the shaft 2 of the delivery device are different shafts. Has been resolved. The shaft 2'of the screw feeder 15 is supported on the outer periphery of the shaft 2 of the feeding device via a bearing 28. The shaft 2, 2'is attached to the prime mover 1 via a chain 29, a sprocket 30 and a speed reducer 31. It is connected. Even if the pitch and screw diameter of the screw feeder are large, this device reduces the feed rate by slowing down the rotation speed, increasing the rotation of the shovel, increasing the number of times of feeding per unit time, and excavating the shovel. Although the amount of feeding for one rotation is small, the amount of feeding as a whole can be increased. Therefore, the amount of feed for one shovel is small, the number of rotations per unit time is large, the spring 9 does not need to be strong, and a device with less vibration can be realized. Further, as shown in FIG. 9, the structure of the drive means can be simplified in the case where one motor drives both the screw feeder and the feeding means. Furthermore, in the sending means of FIG. 9, a balance weight 32 is provided on the throwing arm 5. The balance weight 32 is
In order to balance the rotating throwing arm 5 and prevent vibration, it is provided on the opposite side of the throwing arm 5 from the shovel 4. This delivery device has the feature that the feeding distance can be made almost constant with a small amount of vibration, regardless of the feed amount of the shovel. Also, although not shown, the shaft 2'of the screw feeder 15 is driven by another prime mover, and the screw feeder 15 is driven and supplied while the spring is biased in FIG. One can feed the food into the casing in the most ideal condition. FIGS. 10 and 11 show an embodiment in which the shaft 2 is tilted in the vertical direction and the outlet 6 of the casing 7 is provided at the diagonally upper end. The bait can be supplied from the side surface of the casing 7, and a solid material supply port 10 is opened at the lower portion of the upper surface of the casing 7. The solid material supply port 10 prevents the supplied bait from leaking to the outside. As shown in the figure, the bottom portion of the outer peripheral plate 27 is extended slightly upward. In the delivery device of this structure, the solid material supply port 10 and the ejection port 6 have different directions, and unlike the device of FIG. it can. This delivery device adjusts the angle formed by the outlet 6 with the horizontal plane in FIG. 10 within the range of 30 to 60 degrees, and adjusts the direction of the outlet 6 right above in FIG. As with the device in which the shaft 2 is horizontally arranged, an appropriate flight distance can be realized. In the above embodiments, the case in which the solid matter is the bait has been described, but it goes without saying that the device capable of delivering the bait can be used to transfer almost all powder and granules such as pellets for plastic molding and crushed ice.

【The invention's effect】

The solid substance delivery device of the present invention is extended to a rotating shaft in a radial direction to fix a throwing arm, a shovel is fixed to a tip of the throwing arm, and the shovel is rotated in the casing to thereby be attached to the casing. The bait supplied,
Take it out with a shovel and throw it from the throwing port. That is, the shovel fixed to the throwing arm throws food in the tangential direction of the rotation trajectory. The delivery device of the present invention does not move the shovel in a uniform circular motion. The shovel rotates at a high speed when throwing the solid matter taken out from the machine, and rotates at a slow speed when the casing collects the solid matter into the shovel. The rotational acceleration of the shovel makes good use of the energy of the position stored in the spring. The elastic force of the spring smoothly accelerates the solid matter drawn by the shovel, and sprays the solid matter without breaking the shape of the solid matter that is easily broken. That is, the prime mover does not rotate the shovel at a constant speed and at high speed, but slowly rotates the shaft until the solid matter is made up by the shovel. At this time, the prime mover supplies energy to the spring. In other words, as the shovel scoops solids from the casing, the prime mover rotates the shovel along the casing and pulls the spring. Therefore, the prime mover rotates slowly and the shovel scoops out the solid matter in the casing. When the shovel scoops up solids, the spring temporarily and smoothly accelerates the shovel with the stored energy to throw away the solids. In this way, the delivery device of the present invention slowly stores a large amount of energy in the spring over a long period of time, and releases the large amount of energy at once to fly the solid matter away. Therefore, there is a feature that a solid material can be blown away by a small capacity motor. By the way, pellet shaped feed, especially moist pellets, if the shape is destroyed or collapsed during feeding, it becomes powder and drops on the water surface of the fish culture and pollutes the water, but the predation efficiency of the fish culture decreases. By using the feeding device of the present invention as a feeding device, the moist pecket bait whose shape is fragile is fed to the water surface as it is, so that the water is not turbid and the fish farming is immediately preyed for feeding efficiency. Rises. This is because the shovel slowly rotates in the casing to scoop up the supplied food without destroying it, and then accelerates it with a spring to fly it far. Further, the device of the present invention has no noise peculiar to the blower and does not float to the water surface due to the noisy noise of the fish farm, as compared with the conventional air transfer type solid material delivery device using the rotary feeder and the blower. The problem could be solved. Furthermore, the delivery device of the present invention does not require power for driving the blower, and thus has brought about a great energy saving effect. By the way, the spraying capacity is 500 kg / hour, and about 4 ~ above the water surface.
When feeding moist pellets at a distance of 5 meters,
The conventional air transfer type bait machine requires about 7.5 KW of power, but the device of the present invention can be satisfied by 1/10 of that, that is, 0.75 KW of motor power.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a delivery means showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIGS. 2 and 3 are vertical sectional views of the delivery means shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a delivery means shown in FIG. 5 and 9 are cross-sectional views of the feeding means to which the feeding device is connected, FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the feeding device shown in FIG. 5, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the delivery device shown in FIG. 5, FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a mechanism for adjusting the pulling force of the spring, and FIGS. 10 and 11 are cross-sectional views and plan views of the delivery device showing another embodiment. Is. However, FIG. 11 is not a top view of the delivery device, but is a plan view of the delivery device as viewed from the front of the casing with a slight inclination. 1 ... motor, 2 ... shaft, 2 '... shaft, 3
...... Meanwhile, clutch, 4 ... excavator, 5 ... throwing arm,
6 ... Discharge port, 7 ... Casing, 8 ... Crank, 9
...... Spring, 10 …… Solid material supply port, 11 …… Crank pin, 12 …… Sending device, 13 …… Hopper, 14 …… Bridge breaker, 15 …… Screw feeder, 16 …… Pin, 17 …… Axis , 18 …… Fins, 19 …… Supply port, 20 ……
Gutter, 21 …… culture net, 22 …… adjustment screw, 23 …… spring box, 24 …… stop plate, 25 …… adjustment nut, 26 …… top lid, 27 …… peripheral plate, 28 …… bearing, 29… … Chain, 30…
… Sprocket, 31 …… Reducer, 32 …… Balance weight.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A shaft (2) rotated by a prime mover (1).
And a throwing arm (5) fixed to the shaft (2) in the radial direction and having a shovel (4) at the tip,
A clutch (3) is connected between the prime mover (1) and the shaft (2) and transmits a driving torque to the shaft (2) only in the rotation direction of the prime mover (1), and is connected to the shaft (2). And a spring (9) having one end connected to the crank (8) and accelerating the shaft (2) through the crank (8) in the rotation direction of the prime mover (1) to rotate at high speed. In the container-shaped casing (7), which approaches the outer periphery of the rotation locus of the shovel (4) fixed to the throwing arm (5) and opens the throwing outlet (6) in the tangential direction of the rotation locus. When the solid substance is supplied to the casing (7), the supplied solid substance is scooped by the shovel (4) of the throwing arm (5) rotating along the casing (7),
The excavator (4) scooping the solid matter is configured to be rotationally accelerated by the spring (9) and throw the solid matter from the throwing port (6) of the casing (7). Sending device. 2. A solids delivery device according to claim 1, wherein said shaft (2) is extended horizontally and the throwing arm (5) is rotated in a vertical plane. 3. The solid material delivery device according to claim 2, wherein a solid material supply port (10) is opened in the vicinity of the shaft of the casing (7). 4. The solid material delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the upper portion of the casing (7) is opened, and the solid material supply port (10) is provided thereabove. 5. Solid material delivery device according to claim 1, characterized in that the spring (9) is a traction spring. 6. The first claim according to claim 1, wherein the throwing arm (5) has a balance weight (32) on the opposite side of the shaft (2).
Item. A solid material delivery device according to item.