JPH07255136A - Disk type combined energy converter - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Object] The present invention increases the design magnetic flux density of a core in a composite energy conversion device having the functions of a motor and a transformer. [Composition] In a composite energy conversion device characterized in that a part of magnetic material used for a motor or a generator is shared as a core of a transformer, the core is a core made of unidirectional or bidirectional electromagnetic steel sheet. A composite energy conversion device characterized by being present.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a disk type composite energy conversion device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Recently, the number of devices using robots has increased, and there is a strong demand for downsizing of the devices. FA and OA
In such devices, almost all supplied electric power is used after being converted into a voltage to be used, so a transformer is always used, and actuators such as motors are often used for mechanical movement. Further, the motor is used not only as a drive device, but also as a direct current machine, which is operated and used as a power generation device to have a braking effect. In some cases, a generator is installed to save energy.

Many robots have a plurality of degrees of freedom, and objects to be moved by the robot include not only the object to be moved but also actuators such as motors. Therefore, it is important to reduce the weight and size of the motor.

As described above, the motor and the transformer are
It is used in a common place and often causes a problem when it is used for a robot or the like due to its weight or size, or when the device space is limited.

In order to solve such a problem, the composite energy conversion method of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-255 was devised. However, there is a further demand for higher output, lighter weight, and smaller size of the device.

[0006]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a composite energy conversion device having the functions of a motor and a transformer,
It was made for the purpose of increasing the design magnetic flux density of the core.

[0007]

The features of the present invention include: (1) A composite energy conversion device characterized in that a part of a magnetic material used in a motor or a generator is shared as a core of a transformer. 2. A disk type composite energy conversion device, wherein the core is formed by winding a directional soft magnetic material, (2) A disk type composite as described in (1), wherein an easy magnetization direction is arranged in a winding axis direction of the winding core. Energy conversion device, (3) Disk type composite energy conversion device according to (1), in which the easy magnetization direction is arranged in the winding direction of the winding core, (4) Unidirectional electrical steel sheet is used as the directional soft magnetic material (2 ) Or (3), the disk-type composite energy conversion device, (5) the description of (2) or (3) using a bidirectional electrical steel sheet as the directional soft magnetic material. Disc type composite energy conversion device, (6) shared core, either characterized in that it is composed of any one or more of the following (1) to (5) 1
Item 7. A disk type composite energy conversion device according to item. (A) Plate-shaped magnetic material with a thickness of 0.2 mm or less (b) Linear magnetic material with a diameter of 0.2 mm or less (c) Magnetic material with electric resistance of 50 μΩcm or more (d) Magnetic domain-divided magnetism Material (7) The disk-type composite energy conversion device according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein a winding of a transformer is provided in a core back portion of a stator of a motor or a generator. ) A part or all of the windings of the motor or the generator is provided in the core back portion, (1) to (7), the disk type composite energy conversion device according to any one of (1) to (9) the transformer. (1) The disk-type composite energy conversion device according to any one of (1) to (8), characterized in that the primary winding of (1) shares a part of the winding of a motor or a generator. The secondary winding of the transformer is the winding of the motor or generator. (1) A frequency that acts as a transformer is used for a motor or a generator, characterized in that it shares a part of the above (1) to (9). The disk-type composite energy conversion device according to any one of (1) to (10), which has a maximum frequency or higher, (12) changes in magnetic flux acting as a transformer, and acts as a motor or a generator. It is characterized in that the combined magnetic flux change is 90% or less of the saturation magnetization (1) to (1
The disk type composite energy conversion device according to any one of 1).

The present invention will be described in detail below. First,
A motor or a generator (hereinafter referred to as a motor, etc.) is an electromechanical energy converter that is composed of a field and an armature, and that is performed between the current flowing in the armature winding and the magnetic flux generated by the field.
It converts electrical energy into mechanical energy or mechanical energy into electrical energy. Synchronous machines, induction machines,
DC equipment, such as rotating machines and linear type. It does not matter whether the magnet is used or not.

The transformer according to the present invention is composed of a primary winding and a secondary winding and is used for voltage and current conversion. Usually, it has a single phase. However, depending on the structure of a motor or the like, A multi-phase one such as three phases is also possible.

Therefore, a part of the magnetic material used for the motor or the like is shared as the core of the transformer, and while being driven as the motor or the like, the part of the magnetic material for the motor or the like is operated as the core of the transformer. Here, the motor or the like need not always be driven while the transformer is operating. On the contrary, in the transformer, when the motor etc. is operating,
It doesn't matter if it's not always working. Generally, the shared core is preferably a fixed side, which is a stator, on the side of inputting / outputting electric power to / from a motor or the like.

In the present invention, the core needs to be a wound core. The core is an armature core or a field core, and further includes a field yoke. Winding core
The coil-shaped or strip-shaped soft magnetic material is wound, and the number of turns may be two or more, or one, and if applicable, one or less and may not be closed. The winding direction is the direction in which the core is wound as in Example 1, and when the core material to be wound is a coil of magnetic material, it corresponds to the length direction.

When the core material to be wound is a coil made of a magnetic material, the winding axis direction corresponds to the width direction of the material, and is generally perpendicular to the winding direction. The soft magnetic material used for the core material is generally an electromagnetic steel plate or electromagnetic steel strip, and may be a silicon steel plate, a steel plate or steel strip containing almost no silicon, an iron plate, or another coil or strip-shaped soft magnetic material. The law doesn't matter. Preferably, the following (a)-
It is preferable that any one or more of (d) has a high magnetic permeability and a low iron loss magnetic material because the efficiency of the motor and the like and the high frequency performance are improved. The magnetic material having an electric resistivity of 50 μΩcm or more is soft ferrite or a silicon steel plate containing 4% or more of Si. (A) Plate-shaped magnetic material with a thickness of 0.2 mm or less (b) Linear magnetic material with a diameter of 0.2 mm or less (c) Magnetic material with electric resistance of 50 μΩcm or more (d) Magnetic domain-divided magnetism material

A plate-like magnetic material having a thickness of 0.2 mm or more, a linear magnetic material having a diameter of 0.2 mm or more, or an electric resistivity of 50 μm.
With magnetic materials of Ωcm or less or magnetic materials that have not been domain-divided, eddy currents occur in the material when driven at high frequencies, which not only increases iron loss, which is power loss, but also adversely affects controllability. .

The soft magnetic material of the present invention needs to have directionality. The directional property means that the easy magnetization axis is integrated in a certain direction, and at least the easy magnetization axis is at an angle within 15 degrees with respect to a certain azimuth, with respect to a random distribution.
A direction having a degree of integration of 1.5 times or more is referred to as a directional direction. Of the directivities, unidirectional means that there is at least one azimuth indicating this directionality in the plane of the coil or strip, and bidirectional means that the azimuth indicating two directionalities. . Here, a direction opposite to a certain direction is the same in one directionality.

The easy axis of magnetization and the directionality of such a magnetic material may be shown before the core is wound, but after the core is wound and processed into a core, It may be annealed to finally show an easy axis of magnetization and directionality.

In the present invention, this winding core is used in the rotating machine. The rotating shaft of the rotating machine is made to substantially coincide with the winding axis direction of the winding core, and the main magnetic flux flow in the core is in the plane of the core material. Must be The angular difference between the rotation axis and the winding axis direction is determined by the relationship between the rotor and the stator gap. However, for the convenience of processing, when the angle becomes large, it is applicable if the main magnetic flux flow can be in the plane of the core material.

The shared core may be formed by any processing or manufacturing method, and its shape does not matter. Further, it may be surface-treated for rust resistance or the like, or may be processed for other purposes.

The orientation of the easy magnetization axis of the soft magnetic material is preferably aligned with the magnetic flux flow in the core. That is, in the case of the present invention, since the magnetic flux enters the core in the winding axis direction of the winding core, it is preferable to use the easy axis direction of magnetization of the soft magnetic material in that direction. That is, in the case of a unidirectional electrical steel sheet or a bidirectional electrical steel sheet, it is preferable to use the azimuth indicating the orientation. Further, like the back yoke portion of the core, there is a portion of the magnetic flux in the winding direction, and the axis of easy magnetization may be aligned in that direction. That is, in the case of a unidirectional electrical steel sheet or a bidirectional electrical steel sheet, the azimuth indicating the directional property may be used as the winding direction. Needless to say, the effect is great when the easy magnetization axis of the soft magnetic material is used for both the winding axis direction and the winding direction. For example, it is advisable to use a bidirectional electrical steel sheet and arrange two directional orientations in the winding axis direction and the winding direction. When the magnetic permeability in either the winding axis direction or the winding direction is required to be particularly high, it is required that the magnetic permeability is particularly high in the direction of the easy axis of magnetization (directionality) such as the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet. It is better to align them in the direction indicated.

The shared core is preferably a generally-known core back portion of a motor or the like on the stator side of a motor or a generator, and the movable side of a rotor or the like of a motor or the fixed side of a stator or the like. It is preferable to use a magnetic path that does not include the gap between them as the core of the transformer. Therefore,
The primary winding and the secondary winding of the transformer may be wound with these portions as the core. Here, the core back indicates the portion indicated by 1 in FIG. 1 of the embodiment.

A part or all of the windings of the motor or the generator may be provided in the core back part so that the primary winding and the secondary winding of the transformer are the same. Therefore, if possible, the primary winding of the transformer may share a part of the winding of the motor or the like, and the secondary winding of the transformer may share a part of the winding of the motor or the like. Is also good. For example, a motor or the like is often used in a multi-phase power supply, and it is possible to share only the in-phase windings or share all the phases.

When the shared winding is the primary winding of the transformer and the winding of the motor, the exciting voltage signal of the transformer and the drive signal of the motor are added by the adder of the circuit, and the signal is amplified by the power amplifier. Then, input it to the shared winding.

When the shared winding is the secondary winding of the transformer and the winding of the generator, the polyphase output of the generator and the transformer output are separated by a frequency filter when the frequency can be separated, and the number of phases In order to separate by the difference of, it can be taken out through the circuit and taken out from the shared winding. When the shared winding is the secondary winding of the transformer and the winding of the motor, it is possible when the operating frequency of the transformer and the drive frequency of the motor are different, and the input of the motor passes through the drive frequency of the motor. , Through the filter that does not pass the frequency of the transformer, excites the common winding to drive the motor, while
The next output cuts off the motor drive frequency from the shared winding, and the transformer frequency passes through the filter,
The secondary output can be taken out.

When the shared winding is the primary winding of the transformer and the winding of the generator, it is possible when the operating frequency of the transformer and the generating frequency of the generator are different, and the primary input of the transformer is The drive frequency of the generator is cut off, the frequency of the transformer passes through a filter, and the common winding is excited.
On the other hand, the output of the generator can be taken out through a filter that cuts off the operating frequency of the transformer from the shared winding and passes the generator frequency of the generator.

In order to separate the operation of the transformer from the operation of the motor or the like, it is preferable that the frequency acting as the transformer is equal to or higher than the maximum frequency used for the motor or the like. Although it is important for motors and the like to operate at low frequencies, transformers generally have a constant frequency and operate at high frequencies for downsizing, so the frequency of the transformer should be higher than the frequency used by the motor. It is possible to in this case,
It has already been mentioned that the selection of the magnetic material used for the shared core is important when considering performance and power efficiency.

Even if the frequency at which the transformer operates fluctuates, it does not affect the operation of the motor or the like, but if it has little effect, it is possible to share part of the magnetic material used for the motor or the like as the core of the transformer. Is.

A combination of the magnetic flux change acting as a transformer and the magnetic flux change acting as a motor or a generator is
The saturation magnetization is preferably 95% or less. When the magnetic flux change acting as a transformer and the magnetic flux change acting as a motor or a generator are combined to reach 95% or more of the saturation magnetization, the magnetic permeability of the magnetic material used for the core is significantly reduced. This is not preferable because the operations of the motor and the like affect each other.

[0027]

【Example】

(Embodiment 1) An embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a disk type brushless DC motor will be described. FIG. 1 shows a core for a disk type brushless motor (two poles). Reference numeral 1 denotes a winding core made by winding a bidirectional electrical steel sheet, and an arrow 2 indicates the winding direction of the winding core. Arrow 3 indicates the winding axis direction of the winding core. The easy axis direction of the magnetization of the bidirectional electrical steel sheet, that is, the directional direction is shown in 4, 5. In this embodiment, the winding direction 2 and the directional azimuth 4 of the bidirectional electrical steel sheet match, and the winding axis direction 3 and the directional azimuth 5 of the bidirectional electrical steel sheet match. The design magnetic flux density of this core is 1.
It is 9T, and the design magnetic flux density can be increased by about 20% as compared with the conventional non-oriented electrical steel sheet (design magnetic flux density 1.5T). The flow of magnetic flux in the case of a motor is shown in 6, and the magnetic flux flows almost along the easy magnetization axis direction. The flow of magnetic flux in the case of a transformer is 6 ', which flows in the winding direction 2 of the winding core, that is, in the easy magnetization direction 4.

2 and 3 are schematic diagrams in which the motor winding 11, the transformer primary winding 12, and the secondary winding 13 are wound around the core 10. FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line aa 'in FIG. The winding portions 7, 8 and 9 are respectively U-phase, V-phase of the motor winding,
W phase is wound. Primary winding of transformer winding 12, 2
The secondary winding 13 is wound in the winding portions 7, 8 and 9 so that the same magnetic flux flows.

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the present invention in which the winding core 14 of FIG. 2 is incorporated in a motor. The core 14 is a stator and the rotor 15 is a permanent magnet. 16
Is a mount for the core 14. Conventionally, the core material uses a non-oriented electrical steel sheet, but since it uses a bi-directional electrical steel sheet that can increase the design magnetic flux density, it becomes thinner than before,
The motor has a high output and the efficiency of the transformer is good.

(Embodiment 2) FIG. 5 is an embodiment in which the winding method of the winding portion of the embodiment is changed and the motor winding portions 17 to 19 and the transformer winding portions 20 to 22 are separated. Motor winding part 1
Reference numerals 7, 18, and 19 correspond to the U phase, V phase, and W phase of the motor, respectively. In the transformer winding parts 20, 21, and 22, the primary winding and the secondary winding of the transformer are wound at the same time.

In this embodiment, unlike the first embodiment, the motor windings are spaced from each other and the portion between the motor windings is used, so that the motor efficiency is good and the size can be reduced.

(Embodiment 3) An embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a disk type two-pole induction motor will be described. FIG. 6 shows the stator core 23, and FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram in which the present invention is applied using the core 23. This core is made of a unidirectional electrical steel sheet, and its directional orientation (axis of easy magnetization) is in the winding direction. The core 23 has teeth 24, and the motor windings 27 are provided on the teeth 24. The core back (back yoke) of the core 23 is wound with primary and secondary windings 28 of the transformer. The rotor 29 has a core 30 made similar to the core 23.

Conventionally, a non-oriented electrical steel sheet is used as the core material, but since a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet capable of increasing the design magnetic flux density is used, the core material is thinner than the conventional one and the efficiency of the transformer is good.

[0034]

From the concept of using all the directions of the electromagnetic steel sheet used in the conventional rotating machine, the grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet which has not been used is replaced by the direction of the easy axis of magnetization, that is, the directional direction. By being used along the flow of magnetic flux of the magnetic circuit, it is utilized in a disk-type composite energy conversion device. With the same size, the magnetic flux density of the motor can be increased, leading to higher output.

In the present invention, the design magnetic flux density of the motor or transformer can be increased by 20% or more and the output can be increased by 40% or more, as compared with the case of using the conventionally used non-oriented electrical steel sheet. The effect of increasing the output is quite high. Further, since the design magnetic flux density of the back yoke portion of the core can be increased, it is also effective in thinning the disk motor.

Furthermore, the easy magnetization direction of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is smaller than that of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet, and the efficiency can be considerably increased. This point was also unachievable with the conventional type, and is highly valuable from the viewpoint of energy saving.

Recently, the miniaturization of the device has become a very important factor, and the demand for higher performance is also very high. The present invention is very important for higher output and thinner device than the conventional device. It plays a major role and has a high technical value. Therefore, as an application, a robot for FA, an electric vehicle, or the like, in which it is important to reduce the weight and size of the device, can be considered, and the effect of increasing the output and downsizing of the motor is great.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a core for a disk type brushless motor (2 poles).

[FIG. 2] A motor winding and a transformer winding are wound around a motor core at the same time.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line aa ′ of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a disk type brushless motor.

FIG. 5 shows a motor winding in which a motor winding and a transformer winding are separately wound.

FIG. 6 is a stator core.

FIG. 7 shows a disk type two-pole induction motor.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Winding core made by winding a bidirectional magnetic steel sheet 2 Arrow showing the winding direction of the winding core 3 Arrow showing the winding axis direction of the winding core 4, 5 Easy magnetization axis direction of the bidirectional electromagnetic steel sheet 6 Motor magnetic flux Direction of flow 6'Direction of flow of transformer magnetic flux 7, 8, 9 W phase, V phase, W phase of motor winding are wound,
Further, the winding portion around which the transformer winding is wound 10 Core cross section 11 Motor winding 12 Transformer winding primary winding 13 Secondary winding 14 Stator core 15 Rotor 16 Frame 17, 18, 19 U phase, V phase, Motor winding parts 20, 21, 22 corresponding to the W-phase, respectively, primary winding of transformer, winding part of transformer in which secondary winding is wound at the same time 23 stator core 24 teeth 25 easy magnetization direction of core 26 stator 27 motor Winding 28 Transformer primary and secondary windings 29 Rotor 30 Rotor core 31 Easy magnetization direction of core 32 Short winding 33 Motor rotation shaft

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. A composite energy conversion device, wherein a part of a magnetic material used for a motor or a generator is shared as a core of a transformer, wherein the core is formed by winding a directional soft magnetic material. Characteristic disk type composite energy conversion device. 2. The disk-type composite energy conversion device according to claim 1, wherein the easy magnetization direction is arranged in the winding axis direction of the winding core. 3. The disk type composite energy conversion device according to claim 1, wherein the easy magnetization direction is arranged in the winding direction of the winding core. 4. The disk type composite energy conversion device according to claim 2, wherein a unidirectional electrical steel sheet is used as the directional soft magnetic material. 5. The disk-type composite energy conversion device according to claim 2, wherein a bidirectional electrical steel sheet is used as the directional soft magnetic material. 6. The core to be shared is the following (a) to (d):
The disk-type composite energy conversion device according to claim 1, wherein the disk-type composite energy conversion device is configured by any one or more thereof. (A) Plate-shaped magnetic material with a thickness of 0.2 mm or less (b) Linear magnetic material with a diameter of 0.2 mm or less (c) Magnetic material with electric resistance of 50 μΩcm or more (d) Magnetic domain-divided magnetism material 7. The winding of a transformer is provided in a core back portion of a stator of a motor or a generator.
7. The disk type composite energy conversion device according to any one of 1 to 6. 8. The core back part is provided with a part or all of windings of a motor or a generator.
7. The disk type composite energy conversion device according to any one of 1. 9. The primary winding of the transformer shares a part of the winding of the motor or the generator.
7. The disk type composite energy conversion device according to any one of 1. 10. The secondary winding of the transformer shares a part of the winding of a motor or a generator.
9. The disk type composite energy conversion device according to any one of 9 above. 11. The disk-type composite energy conversion device according to claim 1, wherein a frequency acting as a transformer is set to be equal to or higher than a maximum frequency used for a motor or a generator. 12. A magnetic flux change acting as a transformer,
The disk type composite energy conversion device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein a combined magnetic flux change acting as a motor or a generator is 90% or less of saturation magnetization.