JPH07177829A - Hydroponic culture device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a hydroponic culture device capable of sufficiently supply ing roots of a plant with oxygen and promoting growth of the plant simply at a low cost. CONSTITUTION:This hydroponic culture device 10 has a bed 12 and setting panels 36 which retain sowed plants P and is set at the upper part of the bed 12 and a culture solution L is stored in the bed 12 so that roots of the plants P retained by the setting panels 36 are immersed in the culture solution. An ebb and flow tank 16 is formed at one end side of the bed 12 in the longer direction and an ebb and flow wave forming material 84 of a rectangular parrallelepiped is arranged on the ebb and flow tank 16. In this case, a revolving shaft 60 having a male screw part is rotated by driving a motor 88 through pulleys 90 and 86 and a belt 92 and a socket member 74 having a female screw part 75 is vertically moved by the rotation. The ebb and flow wave forming material 84 attached to a rise and fall plate 72 is periodically taken in and out from the ebb and flow tank 16 with vertical movement of the socket member 74.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation device,
In particular, for example, the present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation apparatus for cultivating root vegetables such as radish, carrot, burdock, and fruits such as eggplant, cucumber, makuwali, melon, and tomato.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventional hydroponic cultivation apparatus include, for example, a circulating pump system. In the hydroponics device using the circulation pump system, the water for use introduced from a water source is stored in a tank, and fertilizer salts and the like are dissolved in the water to prepare a culture solution. The adjusted culture solution is sucked up by a pump,
The culture solution is fed into the bed through the pipe tube. In this case, a certain amount of the culture solution overflows from the drain port and is naturally dropped through the drain pipe to be drained into the tank. This hydroponic cultivation apparatus is equipped with various aeration methods such as an aerator, a sprayer, and a free fall method in order to supply a large amount of oxygen to the circulation path of the culture solution.

FIG. 11 is an illustrative view showing another example of a conventional hydroponic cultivation apparatus. This hydroponic cultivation device 1 includes beds 2 and 3 which are symmetrically arranged. Beds 2 and 3
An exchange tank 4 is installed between and. In the exchange tank 4,
The partition plate 5 is formed. The partition plate 5 is provided with a plurality of communication holes 6 at intervals. The culture medium L is supplied to the beds 2 and 3 by pumps 7 and 8, respectively. Since the pumps 7 and 8 are alternately operated for the same time, the culture liquid L is alternately exchanged between the beds 2 and 3 in equal amounts.

That is, when the pump 8 is operated for a certain period of time, the culture solution L in the bed 3 is supplied to the bed 2 and the bed 2 is filled with the culture solution L. At this time, the bed 2 is in a state close to the sky. In this hydroponics device 1, a pump 7
Even if 8 and 8 are stopped, the culture solution L is kept in the communication hole 6 of the exchange tank 4.
Through one bed 2 to the other bed 3 naturally. Next, the pump 7 is operated and the culture solution L is supplied to the beds 2 to 3. In this hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1, the culture solution L does not stand still until the culture solutions L in the beds 2 and 3 reach an equilibrium state. Therefore, in the conventional hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1, since the movement of the culture solution, which could not be done without the tank until then, can be performed without using the tank, the cost of the facility can be reduced.

[0005]

However, in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the circulation pump system, a large tank for storing the culture solution and a large and high-power pump for circulating the culture solution are required. Since various complicated devices for supplying oxygen into the culture solution are required, the equipment cost and its running cost are high. Moreover, with the various aeration methods provided in the conventional hydroponic cultivation apparatus, oxygen was difficult to dissolve in the culture solution, and sufficient oxygen could not be supplied to the root portion of the plant.

Further, the conventional hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 shown in FIG.
Then, although oxygen can be directly supplied from the air to the root part of the plant, pumps 7 and 8 and an exchange tank 4 for circulating the culture solution L between the beds 2 and 3 are required, and the facility cost is also required. Cost is high. Moreover, when adjusting the water level of the culture solution L, the pumps 7 and 8 are used.
Since it is necessary to adjust the operation and the size, shape, number and the like of the communication holes 6 of the exchange tank 4, it was very troublesome.

Therefore, a main object of the present invention is to provide a hydroponic cultivation apparatus which can easily and inexpensively supply sufficient oxygen to the roots of plants to promote the growth of the plants. is there.

[0008]

The present invention comprises a bed,
Hydroponics that is provided on the top of the bed and has a planting panel that holds seeds of the plant, and the culture solution for growing the plant is stored in the bed so as to immerse the roots of the plant. A cultivation apparatus, a tank provided in at least a part of the bed, a three-dimensional object arranged above the tank, and the three-dimensional object is periodically taken in and out of the tank, and the water level of the culture solution in the bed is raised and lowered. A hydroponic cultivation apparatus including a water level displacement means for displacing, wherein the root of a plant is periodically exposed to the air from a culture solution by the water level displacement means.

[0009]

By periodically moving the three-dimensional object into and out of the tank by the water level displacement means, the water level of the culture solution in the bed is periodically displaced up and down. When the water level of the culture solution in the bed is lowered, the roots of the plant are exposed from the culture solution to the air, and when the water level of the culture solution in the bed is raised, the roots of the plant are immersed in the culture solution.

[0010]

According to the present invention, by periodically shifting the water level of the culture solution in the bed up and down, a tidal difference of the culture solution occurs in the bed. Therefore, the root part of the plant can be periodically exposed to the air, and oxygen in the air can be directly supplied to the root. Moreover, since oxygen in the air dissolves in the culture solution every time the culture solution becomes full, oxygen is abundantly supplied to the roots of the plant. In this case, abundant oxygen is also supplied to the microorganisms having a symbiotic relationship with the roots of the plant, the activity thereof is activated, and the growth of the plant is promoted.

Further, according to the present invention, as compared with the conventional hydroponic cultivation apparatus, a large tank for storing the culture solution, a large and high-power pump for circulating the culture solution, and oxygen in the culture solution are provided. No complicated equipment such as an aerator or atomizer for supply, and equipment such as an exchange tank are required. Therefore, the equipment cost and the running cost of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention are lower than those of the conventional hydroponic cultivation apparatus.

[0012] That is, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a hydroponic cultivation apparatus which can easily and inexpensively supply sufficient oxygen to the roots of plants to promote the growth of the plants.

The above-mentioned objects, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the embodiments with reference to the drawings.

[0014]

1 is a schematic front view solution diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a main portion thereof, FIG. 3 is a side view solution diagram of the main portion thereof, and FIG. 4 is a main portion thereof. It is a top view solution figure.
In this embodiment, in particular, for example, Japanese radish, carrot,
A hydroponic cultivation apparatus for cultivating root vegetables such as burdock and fruit vegetables such as eggplant, cucumber, makuwari, melon, and tomato will be described. This hydroponics device 10
Is a box-shaped bed 12 with a flat rectangular shape whose upper end is open.
including. The bed 12 is mainly formed in a cultivation tank 14 in which plants are cultivated, and at one end in the longitudinal direction of the bed 12,
It is composed of a tide tank 16 communicating with the cultivation tank 14. The tidal tank 16 cooperates with the tidal wave generator 50 described later to form the bed 1
It is for vertically shifting the water level of the culture solution in 2.

The cultivation tank 14 includes a rectangular first bottom member 18, for example. A first front member 20 and a first back member 22 are formed at one end and the other end of the first bottom member 18 in the width direction, respectively. The first front surface member 20 and the first rear surface member 22 are formed in a rectangular shape and have the same size, and are formed so as to extend upward at right angles from one end and the other end in the width direction of the first bottom surface member 18, respectively. It Also, the first
A rectangular first side surface member 24 is formed by vertically extending upward from one end in the longitudinal direction of the bottom surface member 18. The length of the first side surface member 24 in the height direction is formed to be the same as that of the first front surface member 20 and the first back surface member 22.

Further, a rectangular partition member 26 is formed extending downward from the other end of the first bottom surface member 18 in the longitudinal direction at a right angle. At the lower end of this partition member 26,
A rectangular second bottom surface member 28 is formed, extending from the lower end thereof at a right angle in the direction opposite to that of the first bottom surface member 18. A rectangular second front surface member 30 and a second rear surface member 32 are formed at one end and the other end of the second bottom surface member 28 in the longitudinal direction, respectively. The second front surface member 30 and the second back surface member 32 are formed to have the same size, and are formed to extend upward at right angles from one end and the other end in the longitudinal direction of the second bottom surface member 28. In this case, the upper end surface of the second front member 30 and the upper end surface of the first front member 20 have the same height, and the upper end surface of the second back member 32 and the upper end surface of the first back member 22 are the same. Are placed so that they are at the same height.

A second side surface member 34 is formed between the second front surface member 30 and the second rear surface member 32 so as to extend upward from the widthwise end of the second bottom surface member 28. To be done.
The length of the second side surface member 34 in the height direction is the same as that of the second front surface member 30 and the second back surface member 32, and the length of the second side surface member 34 in the longitudinal direction is Second
The bottom member 28 has the same shape as that of the bottom member 28.

These first bottom surface member 18, first front surface member 20, first back surface member 22, first side surface member 24,
Partition member 26 Second bottom member 28, second front member 3
0, the second back surface member 32 and the second side surface member 34,
For example, it is formed of a synthetic resin material and is integrally formed by a method such as injection molding. In this way
The bed 12 is formed. The bed 12 may be formed by connecting the respective members with, for example, an adhesive, bolts and nuts, and other fixing means. Further, the material of each of these members is not limited to the synthetic resin material, for example, foamed material, metal material such as aluminum alloy or stainless steel, or wood material subjected to waterproof treatment. You may form with. The bed 12 is appropriately supported by a pedestal (not shown) formed by assembling a plurality of square pipes made of, for example, a metal material with a connecting fitting or the like. In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, the two beds 12, 12 are arranged in parallel in two rows at intervals in the width direction, for example. In addition to supporting the bed 12 on a gantry, for example, a hole having a depth corresponding to the height of the ebb tank 16 of the bed 12 is dug in the ground, and the evacuation tank 16 part is fitted into the hole for cultivation. The bed 12 may be installed by placing the tank 14 portion on the ground.

Further, a plurality of, for example, rectangular planting panels 36 are attached to the upper portion of the bed 12. The planting panel 36 is formed of, for example, a synthetic resin material such as Styrofoam. The planting panel 36 is formed with a plurality of, for example, circular holes 38 at appropriate intervals.

As shown in FIG. 5A, the planting panel 36 is detachably attached to the upper portion of the bed 12 by the planting panel mounting member 40. Fixed panel mounting member 40
Includes a fitting piece 42 having a substantially U-shaped cross section, for example, and a rectangular receiving piece 44 is formed at one end of the fitting piece 42. The receiving piece 44 is formed to extend at a right angle from one end of the fitting piece 42. The fitting piece 42 and the receiving piece 44 are integrally formed of, for example, a synthetic resin material. When the planting panel 36 is attached to the upper part of the bed 12, for example, four planting panel attachment members 40 are fitted to both ends of the bed 12 in the width direction. Then, the planting panel 36 is placed on the receiving piece 44 of the planting panel mounting member 40, and the planting panel 36 is detachably attached to the upper part of the bed 12. The planting panel attachment member 40 may be formed integrally with the planting panel 36 as shown in FIG. 5 (B). In this case, the fitting pieces 42 of the planting panel attachment member 40 are integrally attached to one end and the other end of the planting panel 36 in the longitudinal direction.

Each of the holes 38 of the planting panel 36 has, for example, a cubic urethane block 4 for planting.
6 is fitted. These urethane blocks for planting 4
The seeds of the plant P are seeded in 6, respectively. Further, the planting urethane block 46 may be planted with seeds of the plant P and the developed cotyledons. In the hydroponics device 10 of this embodiment, as the plant P,
For example, root vegetables such as radish, carrot, burdock, and fruit vegetables such as eggplant, cucumber, squirrel, melon, and tomato are cultivated.

Further, in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 of this embodiment, in order to generate a tidal difference in the bed 12, the displacement of periodically displacing the water level of the culture solution L stored in the bed 12 up and down. As a means, a tidal wave generator 50 is provided. The tidal wave generator 50 is provided on one end side of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction. The tidal wave generator 50 includes, for example, a rectangular support base 52. As shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, the support base 52 is provided on one end side in the longitudinal direction of the bed 12 when viewed from the plane. The support base 52 is provided between the two beds 12, 12. On the upper surface of the support base 50,
A rectangular frame-shaped support 54 is provided. A rectangular support plate 5 is provided on each of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the support body 54.
6 and 58 are fixed.

The support 54 includes support plates 56 and 58.
A rotary shaft 60 is formed between the two. The axially intermediate portion of the rotary shaft 60 has, for example, a male screw portion 6 in its circumferential direction.
2 is formed. The rotary shaft 60 has one end in the axial direction rotatably supported by a bearing 64 at the center of the support plate 56, and the other end in the axial direction rotatably supported by a bearing 66 at the center of the support plate 58. To be done. Also, the support plate 5
Between 6 and 58, there are four guide rods 68a, 68 of cylindrical shape, for example, with a space around the rotation axis 60.
b, 68c and 68d are formed. The four guide rods 68a to 68d are respectively supported by the support plates 56 and 58 by the flange 70 at one end and the other end in the axial direction thereof.

Further, the rotating shaft 60 has
An elevating plate 72 that vertically displaces in the axial direction is provided. That is, a socket member 74 having a T-shaped cross section having an internal thread portion 75 that is screwed into the external thread portion 62 of the rotary shaft 60 is attached to the axially intermediate portion of the rotary shaft 60. A rectangular lift plate 72 made of, for example, synthetic resin is fixed to the socket member 74. In this case, for example, circular holes (not shown) are formed at the center and the four corners of the elevating plate 72, respectively. The rotary shaft 60 is inserted into a central hole of the elevating plate 72. The elevating plate 72 is fixed to the socket member 74 by fixing the peripheral portion of the central hole of the elevating plate 72 to the flange portion 76 of the socket member 74 by fixing means such as bolts and nuts. Further, the guide rods 68a to 68d are respectively inserted through the holes at the four corners of the elevating plate 72 so as to be vertically displaceable. In this case, for example, cylindrical guide posts 78a, 78b, 78c and 7 are provided below the holes at the four corners of the elevating plate 72, respectively.
8d is attached. Four guide posts 78a-78d
The upper end surfaces thereof are fixed to the elevating plate 72 by fixing means such as bolts and nuts.

Further, for example, four arm members 80a, 80b, 80c and 80d are formed on the elevating plate 72 so as to project from both ends in the width direction toward the bed 12 side. These arm members 80a-80
Each d is formed in a rod shape with a rectangular cross section, for example. In this case, the two arm members 80a and 80b
Are formed in parallel with each other at intervals so that one end in the axial direction thereof projects from one end side in the width direction of the elevating plate 72 to the upper side of the one bed 12. Similarly, one axial end of each of the other two arm members 80c and 80d is provided so as to project above the other bed 12 from the other widthwise end of the elevating plate 72. The other ends of the arm members 80 in the axial direction are fixed to the outer peripheral surfaces of the guide posts 78a to 78d.

Below the arm members 80a and 80b, a rectangular parallelepiped wave-making body 84 made of, for example, a synthetic resin material is provided as a three-dimensional object. In this case, between the arm members 80a and 80b, and between the arm members 80c
Between 80 and 80d, for example, rectangular rod-shaped attachment members 82, 82 are provided so as to be spaced apart from each other. Under these mounting members 82, the tidal wave body 84
Are attached by fixing means 83 such as bolts and nuts.

On the other hand, a pulley 86 is attached to the lower side of the rotary shaft 60 in the axial direction. Further, a motor 88 as a driving means for rotatably driving the rotary shaft 60 is attached to the side surface of the support base 52. Another pulley 90 is attached to the drive shaft 89 of the motor 88. An endless annular belt 92 is provided between the two pulleys 86 and 90, for example. Therefore, when the motor 88 is driven and rotated, the rotational force is transmitted to the rotary shaft 60 via the pulley 90, the belt 92 and the pulley 86. When the rotating shaft 60 rotates, the socket member 74 screwed onto the rotating shaft 60 is displaced in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 60. In this embodiment, if the motor 88 is normally rotated, the socket member 7
4 is lowered along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 60, and when the motor 88 is rotated in the reverse direction, the socket member 74 is set up along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 60. At this time, as the socket member 74 moves up and down, the arm members 80a-80d also move up and down in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 60, and the two tidal wave-making bodies 84, 84 rise or fall in response to the movement. .

Further, in the vicinity of the elevating plate 72, as a sensor for detecting the rising position and the descending position of the elevating plate 72 with respect to the rotating shaft 60, for example, in order to control the amount of vertical movement of the tidal wave generator 84, Limit switches 96a, 96b, 96c are attached. in this case,
In the vicinity of the support 54, for example, a cylindrical holding member 94.
Is provided, and the three limit switches 96a to 96c are mounted at predetermined intervals in the axial direction of the holding member 94. These limit switches 96a to 96c
Are arranged on a moving path in which the elevating plate 72 moves up and down. That is, when the elevating plate 72 moves up and down along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 60, the limit switch 96a,
Actuating pieces 98a, 98b and 98 of 96b and 96c
c is pressed by the elevating plate 72, and those contacts (not shown) are opened and closed.

Motor 88 and limit switch 96a
.. to 96c include a control unit 1 for controlling those movements.
00 is electrically connected. The control unit 100 is for periodically operating the tidal wave body 84, and receives electric signals from the limit switches 96a to 96c,
The motor 88 is for starting or stopping the motor 88 and rotating it forward or backward as appropriate.

Limit switches 96a, 96b and 9
It is possible to detect the ascending position and descending position of the tidal wave body 84 at 6c and control the amount of vertical displacement thereof.
In this embodiment, the stroke length of the elevating plate 72 is restricted by the limit switches 96a and 96c, for example. That is, in the elevating plate 72, when the operating piece 98a of the limit switch 96a is pressed, the tidal wave-making body 84 stops at the upper limit, and after a predetermined time has elapsed, the elevating plate 72 descends again. Then, when the elevating plate 72 presses the operating piece 98c of the limit switch 96c, the wave-making wave body 84 stops at the lower limit. further,
After a predetermined time has elapsed, the lifting plate 72 is again
The limit switch 96a is raised to a position where the operating piece 98a is pressed. In this case, the stroke length between the upper limit and the lower limit of the tidal wave generator 84 is equal to the stroke length of the elevating plate 72. That is, the tidal wave body 84 is moved up and down with the same stroke as the length between the limit switches 96a and 96c, and is put into and taken out of the tidal tank 16 at a predetermined cycle.

In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 of this embodiment, the water level of the culture solution stored in the bed 12 can be appropriately adjusted by adjusting the vertical displacement of the tidal wave body 84. The water level of the culture solution in the bed 12 can be vertically displaced to cause a tidal phenomenon in the bed 12. Therefore, in this hydroponic cultivation device 10,
Bed 1 depending on the type of plant cultivated in bed 12
It is possible to raise or lower the water level of the culture solution in 2. In addition, in the hydroponic cultivation device 10, even when the vertical displacement of the tidal wave body 84 is the same, the tidal wave body 8 is moved.
It is possible to raise the water level of the culture solution in the bed 12 by increasing the volume of No. 4 and increasing the depth of the ebb and flow tank 16 accordingly.

Next, the operating state of the tidal wave generator 50 of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 of this embodiment will be described. In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 of this embodiment, the tidal wave-making body 84 is arranged in advance at a predetermined position in the tidal tank 16 of each bed 12. In this case, the tidal wave body 84 is arranged so that the root of the plant P supported by the planting panel 36 is immersed in the culture solution when the tidal wave body 84 is inserted into the lower part of the tidal tank 16. The water level of the culture solution at this time becomes the initial set water level.
In this embodiment, the elevating plate 72 is placed at a position where it presses the operating piece 98c of the limit switch 96c.
4 are arranged.

By driving the motor 88, which is the driving means, the pulley 90 attached to the drive shaft 89 of the motor 88 rotates. If the pulley 90 rotates,
Pulley 8 mounted on rotating shaft 60 via belt 92
6 rotates. The pulley 86 rotates and the rotary shaft 6 rotates.
0 rotates, and the socket member 74 screwed into the male screw portion 62 of the rotating shaft 60 is displaced vertically along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 60. At this time, the elevating plate 72, together with the guide posts 78a to 78d, guide rods 68a to 68d.
It is vertically displaced along the axial direction of 8d. Further, if the lifting plate 72 is displaced vertically, the arm members 80a-8a
0d is also vertically displaced along the axial direction of the rotary shaft 60, and the two tidal wave-making bodies 84, 84 move vertically in response to the movement.

Next, an example of a method for cultivating a plant using the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 will be described. First, the culture solution L is stored in the bed 12 of the hydroponic cultivation device 10.
As the culture solution L, for example, a solution obtained by dissolving a fertilizer or the like that is a nutrient for the plant P in water and mixing rhizosphere microorganisms useful for plants is used. Next, on the upper part of the bed 12, for example, root vegetables such as radish, carrot, burdock,
Also, a plurality of planting panels 36 on which seeds of plants such as fruit vegetables such as eggplant, cucumber, squirrel, melon, tomato are planted are attached. In this case, the water level of the culture solution L is set so that the roots of the plant P are immersed in the culture solution L when the tidal wave body 84 is inserted into the ebb tank 16 of the bed 12. Further, in this hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10, the tidal wave generator 50 is operated to vertically move the tidal wave generator 84 at a predetermined cycle, thereby raising or lowering the water level of the culture solution L in the bed 12. To do. As a result, the culture liquid L in the bed 12 has a tidal phenomenon.

As described above, in the hydroponics device 10,
By periodically displacing the water level of the culture solution L in the bed 12 up and down, a difference in the ebb and flow of the culture solution L occurs in the bed 12. Therefore, the root of the plant P can be periodically exposed to the air, and oxygen in the air can be directly supplied to the root. Moreover, every time the culture solution L is exhausted, the culture solution also moves in the horizontal direction and the oxygen in the air dissolves into the culture solution, so that the roots of the plant P are abundantly supplied with oxygen.
In addition, abundant oxygen is supplied to the microorganisms that have a symbiotic relationship with the roots of the plant P, and the activity is activated.
Growth is promoted.

Further, in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, for example, a wave can be generated in the bed 12 by reducing the vertical displacement of the tidal wave body 84. it can. That is, the stroke of the vertical movement of the lifting plate 72 is set shorter than the stroke of the vertical movement when the ebb and flow is generated. In this case, the stroke length of the vertical movement of the elevating plate 72 is restricted by the limit switches 96b and 96c, for example. In other words, the tidal wave body 84 has a limit switch 96.
It moves up and down with the same stroke as the length between b and 96c. At this time, the lower end surface of the tidal wave body 84 can hit the liquid surface of the culture solution in the bed 12 to generate waves.
In this embodiment, the tidal wave body 84 is set to reciprocate up and down once in a cycle of, for example, 1 to 3 seconds.

In this way, by making the culture solution in the bed 12 to be undulated, air is entrained in the boundary layer surface of the culture solution L. At this time, oxygen in the air dissolves in the culture solution L, and the dissolved oxygen on the boundary layer surface becomes rich. The root (underground part) of the plant P can absorb oxygen from the air, and can also absorb a large amount of dissolved oxygen in the culture solution L from the boundary layer surface of the culture solution L, which has an effect of supplying oxygen to the root. Go up. In addition, abundant oxygen is supplied to the rhizosphere microorganisms that are useful for the roots of the plant P and have a symbiotic relationship, which facilitates the survival of the microorganisms.

By waving the water surface of the culture solution L,
The surface area of the culture solution surface can be increased to generate a large amount of heat of vaporization. Therefore, even in the midsummer, the temperature rise of the culture solution in the bed due to the temperature rise is prevented.
In this case, according to the experiment by the inventor, it was found that the temperature rise of the culture solution L was lower than the room temperature in the house by about 10 ° C. as compared with that of the conventional circulation type hydroponic cultivation apparatus. Moreover, in this hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10, since the whole plant is shaken and natural breeze is generated in the bed 12 by causing the culture solution L to rise up, for example, an air conditioner such as a blower is installed in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10. No need to install around.

In addition, by making the water surface of the culture solution L ripple, the roots of the plant P are constantly shaken.
The gas exchange between carbon dioxide and oxygen in the roots of the plant is improved.
In this case, the root of the plant P is shaken and at the same time the plant P is
Since the whole is shaken including the above-ground part, the gas exchange as the whole plant P is also activated. That is, the plant P
Since the whole is shaken, photosynthesis is activated and the plant grows faster. According to the experiment conducted by the inventor, the fluctuation of the plant P is set to the wind speed, and the photosynthesis activation is 2 at 50 to 60 cm / s.
It has been found that it doubles and the growth rate is 30% faster.

Furthermore, by making the water surface of the culture solution L ups and down, the underground part and the above-ground part of the plant P are swung, so that harmful insects such as aphids are hard to attach to the plant P.

FIG. 7 is a front view solution diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention. In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, compared with the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of FIGS. 1 to 4, in particular, the tidal wave generator 50 is provided on one end side and the other end side in the longitudinal direction of the bed 12. It is provided. In this case, the ebb and flow tanks 16 are formed on one end side and the other end side of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction, respectively. Then, the tidal wave body 84 which is vertically displaced is formed above each of the tidal tanks 16 as in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4. Also in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 7, as with the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIGS.
Since the roots of the plant P can be periodically exposed to the air from the culture solution L, abundant oxygen is supplied to the roots of the plant P and microorganisms symbiotic with the plant P, and the growth of the plant P is promoted.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a main part showing still another example of the present invention. In the hydroponic cultivation device 10 shown in FIG.
~ Compared with the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of Fig. 4, the structure of the tidal wave generator is particularly different. In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 8, a tidal wave generator 50 is provided at the center of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction. In this case, the ebb tank 1 is located at the center of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction.
6 is formed, and the tidal wave body 84 is formed above the tidal tank 16.
Are placed.

That is, the tidal wave generator 50 includes a cylindrical shaft portion 102 made of metal, for example. Shaft 102
Is rotatably provided above the tidal tank 16 at the center of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction. The shaft portion 102 is rotatably supported by a frame (not shown) arranged on the center side of the bed 12 by a bearing or the like. A pulley 104 is provided at an intermediate portion of the shaft portion 102 in the axial direction. In addition, the shaft portion 102
A motor 106 as a drive unit for rotatably driving the shaft portion 102 is provided above. A pulley 110 is attached to the drive shaft 108 of the motor 106. A belt 112 is provided so as to span between the two pulleys 104 and 110.

Further, crank members 114 are provided at one end and the other end of the shaft portion 102 in the axial direction. The crank member 114 has, for example, a crank arm 116 having an L-shaped cross section.
And the end of the crank arm 116 includes an operating member 1
18 is rotatably attached. In this case, the operating member 11
The upper end of the axial direction of 8 is rotatably supported by the crank arm 116 by the crank pin 120. On the other hand, the holding member 124 is pivotally supported by the pin 122 at the lower end portion of the actuating member 118 in the axial direction.

The holding member 124 is formed of, for example, a synthetic resin in a rectangular plate shape, and extends downward from the lower end surface of the holding member 124 on one end side and the other end side in the longitudinal direction thereof, and has, for example, a cylindrical shape. Connecting rods 126 and 128 are formed. These connecting rods 126 and 128
Is inserted into the cylindrical guide posts 130 and 132 provided on the center side of the bed 12. Connecting rods 126 and 128 have guide posts 130 and 1
It is slidably inserted through the inside of 32. On the other hand, below the holding member 124, a horizontally elongated rectangular parallelepiped wave-making body 84 made of, for example, a synthetic resin is suspended as a three-dimensional object. In this case, the tidal wave body 84 is, for example, a bolt
It is suspended on the holding member 124 by fixing means 134 and 136 such as nuts.

In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 8, by driving the motor 106, the pulley 110 attached to the drive shaft 108 of the motor 106 rotates. When the pulley 110 rotates, the shaft portion 10 passes through the belt 112.
The pulley 104 provided at 2 rotates. Pulley 104
Is rotated, the shaft portion 102 is rotated, and the crank member 114 connected to the shaft portion 102 is operated. in this case,
The crank arm 116 of the crank member 114 includes the shaft portion 102.
Rotate around. Therefore, the operating member 118 reciprocates linearly in the vertical direction. As the actuating member 118 moves up and down, the holding member 124, together with the connecting rods 126 and 128, is guided by the guide posts 130 and 132.
Move up and down, respectively. Therefore, the tidal wave body 84 is taken in and out of the tidal tank 16. Also in this embodiment, the same effects as those of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 can be obtained.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an essential part showing another embodiment of the present invention. In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG.
Compared with the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of FIG. 4, the structure of the tidal wave generator is particularly different. In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 9, a tidal wave generator 50 is provided at one end of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction. In this case, a tidal tank 16 is formed at one end of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction, and the tidal wave body 8 is provided above the tidal tank 16.
4 are arranged.

That is, the tidal wave generator 50 is provided with a support frame 13 provided on the outside of one longitudinal end of the bed 12.
Including 8. The support frame 138 is formed of, for example, a metal material in a substantially U shape. Arm members 142 and 144 having, for example, a rectangular cross section and a substantially oval shape in a plan view are rotatably supported on one end and the other end of the support frame 138, respectively, using a pivot 140 as a fulcrum. Arm members 142 and 1
A shaft portion 146 is rotatably attached between one end portions of the shaft 44 in the axial direction. A tension member 148 having a T-shaped cross section, for example, is attached to an axially intermediate portion of the shaft portion 146.
The pulling member 148 has, for example, a cylindrical insertion portion 14
9a, and a rectangular plate-shaped operating rod 152 extending downward is rotatably formed by a pin 150 at the axial center end of the insertion portion 149a. The lower end of the operating rod 152 in the longitudinal direction is, for example, a substantially oval crank member 156.
Is rotatably attached by a crank pin 154.
The crank member 156 is connected to a drive shaft (not shown) of the motor 158.

On the other hand, a rectangular parallelepiped wave-making wave body 84 is rotatably attached to the other axial end portions of the arm members 142 and 144 with another shaft portion 160 as a fulcrum. In this case, for example, triangular plate-shaped holding members 162 and 164 are rotatably attached to both ends of the shaft portion 160 in the axial direction. Furthermore, the tidal wave body 84 is fixed to the lower end surfaces of the holding members 162 and 164.

In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 9, by driving the motor 158, the crank member 156 attached to the drive shaft of the motor 158 is rotationally operated. When the crank member 156 rotates, the arm member 14
2 and 144 reciprocate linearly in the vertical direction with the pivot 140 as a fulcrum. That is, when the crank pin 154 of the actuating rod 152 is located at the top dead center due to the rotation of the crank member 156, the pulling member 148 pushes the shaft portion 146 upward, so that one end side of the arm members 142 and 144 in the axial direction is moved upward. Press on. Therefore, the arm member 142
The other axial ends of and 144 are displaced downward with the pivot 140 as a fulcrum.

On the contrary, when the crank pin 154 of the actuating rod 152 is located at the bottom dead center due to the rotation of the crank member 156, the pulling member 148 pulls the shaft portion 146 downward, and one end of the arm members 142 and 144 in the axial direction. Will pull the side down. Therefore, the arm member 14
The other axial ends of 2 and 144 are displaced upward with the pivot 140 as a fulcrum. Therefore, the tidal wave body 84
Will be put in and taken out of the ebb tank 16. Also in this embodiment, the same effects as those of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 can be obtained.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an essential part showing still another embodiment of the present invention. The hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 10 differs from the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of FIGS. 1 to 4 in the structure of the tidal wave generator. Hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG.
Then, at the center in the longitudinal direction of the bed 12, the tidal wave generator 5
0 is provided. In this case, the ebb and flow tank 16 is formed in the center of the bed 12 in the longitudinal direction, and the ebb and flow corrugated body 84 is disposed above the ebb and flow tank 16.

That is, the tidal wave generator 50 includes four cylindrical guide posts 166 made of metal, for example. Of these guide posts 166, two guide posts on one side are fixed to a side surface portion on one end side in the width direction of the bed 12 at the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the bed 12, and the other two guide posts are on the bed 12 side. Is fixed to the side surface portion of the bed 12 on the other end side in the width direction at the central portion in the longitudinal direction. A cylindrical rod 168, for example, is slidably inserted into each of these four guide posts 166. Further, a support member 170 having, for example, a plane H shape is fixed to the upper ends of the rods 168 in the axial direction.

The supporting member 170 is for suspending and supporting the tidal wave-making body 84 below it, and includes, for example, a rectangular plate-shaped hanging portion 172. Hanging part 1
For example, rectangular plate-shaped rod support portions 174 and 174 are formed at one end and the other end of 72 in the longitudinal direction, respectively. Hanging part 172 and rod support parts 174, 17
4 is integrally formed of a metal material, for example. In this case, the upper ends of the rods 168 in the axial direction are fixed to the lower end surfaces of the rod supporting portions 174 and 174 at both ends in the longitudinal direction thereof. Further, a tidal wave body 84 having a plurality of through holes 84a is hung on the lower end surface of the hanging portion 172. The tidal wave body 84 is fixed to the hanging portion 172 by fixing means 168 such as bolts and nuts.

Further, the support member 170 extends downward from the lower end surface of the rod support portions 174, 174 at the center in the longitudinal direction, and racks 176, 1 serving as operating members, respectively.
76 is formed. In this case, the rack 176 is arranged between the rods 166 and 166 arranged on the side surface of the bed 12. Further, a pinion 178 that engages with the rack 176 is attached to these racks 176. The pinion 178 is pivotally supported on the side surface of the bed 12 by a shaft 182. A pulley 180 is attached to the pinion 178 via a shaft 182. On the other hand, on the side surface of the bed 12, a drive unit 184 including a motor (not shown) and a transmission that controls the rotation of the motor is provided near the rack 176. A pulley 188 is attached to the drive shaft 186 of the motor. Pulleys 180 and 18
A belt 190 is provided so as to extend between and.

In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 10, by driving the motor 158, the pulley 188 attached to the drive shaft 186 of the motor 158 rotates.
When the pulley 188 rotates, the pulley 180 rotates via the belt 190. As the pulley 180 rotates, the shaft 182 rotates, and the pinion 1 connected to the shaft 182 is rotated.
78 operates and rotates. Rotation of the pinion 178 imparts linear motion to the rack 176. In this case, the rack 176 makes a reciprocating linear motion in the vertical direction by the forward and reverse rotations of the motor. The support member 170 also moves up and down as the rack 176 reciprocates in the vertical direction. Support member 1
When the 70 moves up and down, the wave-making tide body 84 suspended by the support member 170 moves up and down. for that reason,
The tidal wave body 84 is put in and taken out of the tidal tank 16. In this case, similarly to the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, the limit switch 1 for controlling the displacement amount of the vertical movement of the tidal wave body 84 is also included in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 shown in FIG.
92 and 194 are provided. These limit switches 192 and 194 are arranged on their operating pieces 196 and 198 such that the lower end of the rod 168 is pressed. Also in this embodiment, the same effects as those of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 can be obtained.

In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in each of the above embodiments,
By operating the tidal wave generator, the water level of the culture solution L in the bed 12 is vertically displaced, and at the same time, the culture solution L is moved.
Since it can be flowed horizontally in a short time,
The ebb and flow phenomenon can be generated in the bed 12 in a short time. In addition, the stirring rate of the culture solution becomes higher than when the liquid surface of the culture solution L is simply undulated. Therefore, bed 12
The residue at the bottom of the is easily suspended. Further, the movement amount of the culture solution is remarkably larger than that in the conventional circulation type hydroponic cultivation apparatus.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a main part of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a side view solution diagram of a main part of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of essential parts of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.

5 (A) is a cross-sectional schematic view showing a mounting state of the planting panel shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG.
[Fig. 6] is a cross-sectional solution diagram showing a mounting state of another planting panel.

6 is a fragmentary front view solution diagram showing a state in which waves are generated in the culture solution in the bed in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4. FIG.

FIG. 7 is a front view solution view showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a main part showing still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an essential part showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a main part showing still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an illustrative view showing an example of a conventional hydroponic cultivation apparatus which is a background of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Hydroponic cultivation apparatus 12 Bed 14 Cultivation tank 16 Tidal tank 36 Fixed planting panel 40 Fixed planting panel mounting member 50 Tidal wave generator 52 Support stand 54 Support body 56,58 Support plate 60 Rotating shaft 62 Male screw part 68a-68d Guide rod 72 Elevating Plate 74 Socket member 78a, 78b, 78c, 78d Guide post 80a, 80b, 80c, 80d Arm member 82 Mounting member 84 Tidal wave making body 86, 90 Pulley 88 Motor 92 Belt 96a, 96b, 96c, 96d Limit switch 100 Control unit P plant L culture solution

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A bed, and a planting panel provided on an upper part of the bed for holding seedlings of plants, wherein a culture solution for growing the plants is provided in the bed. Is a hydroponic cultivation apparatus that is stored so as to immerse the roots of the bed, a tank provided in at least a part of the bed, a three-dimensional object arranged above the tank, and the three-dimensional object periodically in the tank. In and out, including a water level displacement means for periodically displacing the water level of the culture solution in the bed up and down, the root of the plant is periodically exposed to the air from the culture solution by the water level displacement means. Hydroponics equipment.