JPH07115106B2 - Hot precision die forging method - Google Patents
Hot precision die forging methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPH07115106B2 JPH07115106B2 JP28296788A JP28296788A JPH07115106B2 JP H07115106 B2 JPH07115106 B2 JP H07115106B2 JP 28296788 A JP28296788 A JP 28296788A JP 28296788 A JP28296788 A JP 28296788A JP H07115106 B2 JPH07115106 B2 JP H07115106B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- forging
- mold
- molded
- temperature
- die forging
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000883 Ti6Al4V Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010275 isothermal forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Forging (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は熱間精密型鍛造方法に関し、詳細には、チタン
合金、ニッケル基高合金等の難鍛造性金属材料を、複雑
な加圧速度制御を加えることなく、熱間精密型鍛造する
方法に関するものである。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a hot precision die forging method, and more specifically, to a difficult forgeable metal material such as a titanium alloy or a nickel-base high alloy with a complicated pressing speed. The present invention relates to a method for hot precision die forging without adding control.
チタン合金、ニッケル基高合金等の難鍛造性の金属材料
を鍛造するに際しては、被成形材の温度を特定の範囲内
に保持しながら変形させないと、その成形が期待どおり
になされない。When forging a hard-to-forge metal material such as a titanium alloy or a nickel-base high alloy, the forming cannot be performed as expected unless the material to be formed is deformed while maintaining the temperature within a specific range.
従って、これら難鍛造性金属材料を熱間型鍛造するにつ
いては、従来は、ハンマー等にて繰り返し衝撃加圧を加
えて、高速にて鍛造する方法が採られていた。しかし、
これら難鍛造性金属材料は、変形能が低く、しかも高速
にて鍛造すると、高い歪速度により被成形材の変形抵抗
が増大するため、ハンマー等による高速熱間型鍛造で
は、これら材料を精密な形状に成形することが困難とな
る。Therefore, as for hot die forging of these hard-to-forge metal materials, conventionally, a method of repeatedly applying impact pressure with a hammer or the like and forging at high speed has been adopted. But,
These hard-to-forge metal materials have low deformability, and when they are forged at high speed, the deformation resistance of the material to be molded increases due to the high strain rate, so high-speed hot die forging with a hammer etc. It becomes difficult to shape it.
このため、得られた型鍛造品は、機械加工を加えて最終
形状に仕上げることが必要となり、その結果、特に薄肉
ないしは複雑な形状の製品では、仕上製品重量と投入素
材重量との比が８〜10倍にも達する場合があった。For this reason, the obtained die-forged product needs to be machined to be finished into a final shape. As a result, particularly in the case of a product having a thin or complicated shape, the ratio of the finished product weight to the input material weight is 8%. It could reach ~ 10 times.
このような問題点を解決するために、近来においては、
周知のように、金型を被成形材の加熱温度と略同温度に
保持して、鍛造過程における被成形材の温度低下を防ぐ
と共に、歪速度を一定範囲内に制御して熱間型鍛造する
恒温鍛造（および超塑性鍛造）方法や、金型温度を被成
形材の加熱温度に近づけると共に歪速度を制御して熱間
型鍛造するホットダイ鍛造（近恒温鍛造）方法等が、難
鍛造性金属材料を熱間精密型鍛造する方法として適用さ
れるようになってきた。In order to solve such problems, recently,
As is well known, the temperature of the material to be molded is kept at approximately the same temperature as the heating temperature of the material to prevent the temperature of the material to be reduced during the forging process, and the strain rate is controlled within a certain range to perform hot die forging. The constant temperature forging (and superplastic forging) methods, and the hot die forging (near constant temperature forging) method, in which the mold temperature is brought close to the heating temperature of the material to be molded and the strain rate is controlled, make it difficult to forge. It has come to be applied as a method for hot precision die forging of metal materials.
上記従来の恒温鍛造およびホットダイ鍛造方法は、金属
材料が高温かつ低歪速度域において、超塑性挙動や低変
形抵抗値を示すことを利用して、被成形材を精密な形状
に成形するもので、その要点は、その鍛造過程における
被成形材の温度および歪速度を一定範囲内に制御するこ
とにある。The above-mentioned conventional isothermal forging and hot die forging methods, in which the metal material exhibits a high plasticity behavior and a low deformation resistance value in a high temperature and low strain rate range, the material to be molded is molded into a precise shape. The point is to control the temperature and strain rate of the material to be molded in the forging process within a certain range.
従って、これら従来の恒温鍛造およびホットダイ鍛造方
法による熱間精密型鍛造においては、金型を高温に保持
して被成形材の温度低下を抑制する一方、第３図のグラ
フに示すように、その歪速度εを一定範囲内とするため
に、その鍛造過程において加圧力Ｆおよび／または加圧
速度Ｖの調整がなされる。しかし、その鍛造過程におい
ては、成形の進展に伴い、被成形材と金型のインプレッ
ション面との接触面積が増大して、被成形材の受圧面積
および接触流動抵抗が複雑に変化するため、歪速度εを
一定の範囲内とするには、これらの変化に対応させて、
加圧力Ｆおよび／または加圧速度Ｖを連続的に調整する
ことを要し、また、その調整のためには、例えば、コン
ピュータ等の非常に高性能な制御機器・設備を、特別に
設ける必要が生じる。Therefore, in the hot precision die forging by these conventional isothermal forging and hot die forging methods, while keeping the die at a high temperature to suppress the temperature decrease of the material to be formed, as shown in the graph of FIG. In order to keep the strain rate ε within a certain range, the pressing force F and / or the pressing rate V is adjusted in the forging process. However, in the forging process, as the molding progresses, the contact area between the material to be molded and the impression surface of the mold increases, and the pressure receiving area and contact flow resistance of the material to be molded change intricately. In order to keep the velocity ε within a certain range, corresponding to these changes,
It is necessary to continuously adjust the pressurizing force F and / or the pressurizing speed V, and for that adjustment, for example, a very high-performance control device / equipment such as a computer needs to be specially provided. Occurs.
しかも、その効果を得るためには、例えば、チタン合金
では10-2〜10-3/sec、ニッケル基高合金では10-2〜10-4
/secと、非常に低い歪速度範囲内に制御することが必要
となり、その結果、鍛造所要時間が長くなる。Moreover, in order to obtain the effect, for example, in the titanium alloy, 10 -2 to 10 -3 / sec, and in the nickel-base high alloy, 10 -2 to 10 -4.
/ sec, it is necessary to control within a very low strain rate range, resulting in a long forging time.
すなわち、上記従来の恒温鍛造およびホットダイ鍛造方
法による熱間精密型鍛造においては、それを実施するた
めの設備が複雑となり、設備費の高騰を招き、かつ、鍛
造所要時間が長く、その生産性が低いという問題点があ
る。That is, in the conventional hot isostatic forging and hot precision die forging by the hot die forging method, the equipment for performing it becomes complicated, the equipment cost rises, and the forging time is long, and its productivity is high. There is a problem that it is low.
本発明は上記問題点に鑑み、その鍛造過程における歪速
度の制御を積極的に行うことなく、チタン合金やニッケ
ル基高合金等の難鍛造性金属材料を精密かつ効率良く成
形することができて、その生産性の向上が図り得、ま
た、歪速度制御のための特別な設備の付設を不要とし
て、その設備費の高騰を抑制し得る熱間精密型鍛造方法
の提供を目的とするものである。In view of the above problems, the present invention is capable of precisely and efficiently forming a difficult-to-forge metal material such as a titanium alloy or a nickel-base high alloy without actively controlling the strain rate in the forging process. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a hot precision die forging method capable of improving its productivity and eliminating the need for special equipment for controlling strain rate to suppress a sharp rise in the equipment cost. is there.
上記目的を達成するために、本発明は以下の構成として
ある。すなわち、本発明の熱間精密型鍛造方法は、加熱
した被成形材を、該被成形材の加熱温度と略同温度に保
持した金型を用い、液圧プレスにより、金型のインプレ
ッション面に負荷される応力が該金型材料の変形抵抗値
を超えない範囲内の一定の加圧力を、加圧開始時点より
加圧終了までの間、継続して加えながら鍛造するもので
ある。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has the following configurations. That is, the hot precision die forging method of the present invention uses a mold that holds a heated material to be molded at substantially the same temperature as the heating temperature of the material to be molded, and then presses it on the impression surface of the mold by hydraulic pressing. Forging is performed while continuously applying a constant pressing force within a range in which the applied stress does not exceed the deformation resistance value of the mold material from the start of pressurization to the end of pressurization.
本発明においては、その温度を被成形材の加熱温度と略
同温度に保持した金型を用いて、液圧プレスにより一定
の加圧力を、その加圧開始時点より加圧終了までの間、
継続して加えながら鍛造するので、被成形材は、金型と
の接触面積が小さい鍛造初期において、受圧単位面積あ
たりに大きな加圧力を受け、高い歪速度で変形させられ
る。In the present invention, using a mold whose temperature is maintained at substantially the same temperature as the heating temperature of the material to be molded, a constant pressing force is applied by a hydraulic press, from the start of pressurization to the end of pressurization.
Since the material is forged while being continuously added, the material to be molded is subjected to a large pressure force per unit pressure receiving area in the early stage of forging when the contact area with the die is small, and is deformed at a high strain rate.
一方、被成形材が金型のインプレッション内に充満し始
める鍛造後期においては、被成形材と金型との接触面積
が増大して、被成形材の受圧単位面積あたりの加圧力が
減少するので、その歪速度が低下する。更に、被成形材
と金型との接触面積の増加に従い、被成形材の受圧面積
および金型との接触流動抵抗が増加し、加圧に対する反
力が漸増するので、これに伴い液圧プレスの加圧速度が
自律的に漸減して、その鍛造後期における歪速度の低下
を助長する。On the other hand, in the latter stage of forging in which the material to be molded begins to fill the impression of the mold, the contact area between the material to be molded and the mold increases and the pressure force per unit pressure receiving area of the material to be molded decreases. , Its strain rate decreases. Furthermore, as the contact area between the material to be molded and the mold increases, the pressure receiving area of the material to be molded and the contact flow resistance with the mold increase, and the reaction force against the pressure gradually increases. The pressurizing speed of the steel gradually decreases gradually, which promotes the reduction of the strain speed in the latter stage of forging.
従って、本発明においては、その鍛造後期における被成
形材の温度および歪速度を、超塑性挙動や低変形抵抗値
を示す領域内とすることができ、被成形材を金型のイン
プレッション内に確実に充満させ、所定の精密な形状に
成形し得る。Therefore, in the present invention, the temperature and strain rate of the material to be molded in the latter stage of the forging can be set within the region exhibiting superplastic behavior and low deformation resistance value, and the material to be molded can be reliably placed in the impression of the mold. And can be molded into a predetermined precise shape.
すなわち、本発明においては、第１図のグラフに示すよ
うに、その鍛造初期より一定の加圧力Ｆを加え、加圧速
度Ｖおよび歪速度εは積極的に制御せずに、その目的を
達成するものである。That is, in the present invention, as shown in the graph of FIG. 1, a constant pressing force F is applied from the initial stage of the forging, and the pressing speed V and the strain speed ε are not actively controlled, and the object is achieved. To do.
なお、通常の液圧プレスは、本来、定圧加圧の可能な機
能を有しているので、本発明方法は、特別の機器を設け
ることなく、容易に実施できる。In addition, since a normal hydraulic press originally has a function capable of pressurizing at a constant pressure, the method of the present invention can be easily carried out without providing special equipment.
また、本発明においては、上記のように、鍛造初期にお
ける成形が高い歪速度で行われるので、その鍛造所要時
間を、前述の従来の恒温鍛造およびホットダイ鍛造方法
として比較して、短縮し得る。Further, in the present invention, as described above, since the forming is performed at a high strain rate in the initial stage of forging, the time required for the forging can be shortened as compared with the above-mentioned conventional constant temperature forging and hot die forging methods.
そしてまた、液圧プレスによる加圧力は、金型のインプ
レッション面に負荷される応力が該金型材料の変形抵抗
値を超えない範囲内で、一定とされてあるので、その鍛
造過程において金型のインプレッション面が、許容限度
を超える面内を負荷されて変形・損傷することがない。Further, since the pressure applied by the hydraulic press is constant within the range in which the stress applied to the impression surface of the mold does not exceed the deformation resistance value of the mold material, the mold is subjected to the forging process. The impression surface of is not deformed or damaged by being loaded in the surface exceeding the allowable limit.
以下に、本発明の実施例を図面を参照して説明する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
板状に加工されたTi−6Al−4V合金からなる荒地素材を
準備し、これに下記の熱間型鍛造を施して、その斜視図
である第２図に示す外観で、その投影面積が2200cm2、
リブ部Ｒの最小厚みが15mm、ウェブ部Ｗの最小厚みが20
mmの鍛造品とした。A rough material made of plate-shaped Ti-6Al-4V alloy was prepared, and the following hot die forging was applied to it, and the projected area was 2200 cm with the appearance shown in FIG. 2 ,
The minimum thickness of the rib R is 15 mm and the minimum thickness of the web W is 20
mm forged product.
金型は、Ni基超合金からなり、その内部に加熱用ヒータ
ーを設けたものを用い、一方、液圧プレスは、8000トン
の加圧力量を有するものを用いた。The die used was made of a Ni-base superalloy and provided with a heater for heating therein, while the hydraulic press used had a pressure amount of 8000 tons.
まず、前記金型を900℃の温度に保持し、この金型のイ
ンプレッション内に、950℃に加熱した前記荒地素材を
装入し、これに、前記液圧プレスにて、5000トンに設定
した加圧力を加えた。First, the mold was held at a temperature of 900 ° C., the impression of the mold was charged with the waste material heated to 950 ° C., and it was set to 5000 tons by the hydraulic press. Pressure was applied.
このとき、金型のインプレッション面に負荷される平均
面圧は、約22.73Kgf/mm2であり、950℃の温度における
当該金型材料の変形抵抗値より低い値に設定されてあ
る。At this time, the average surface pressure applied to the impression surface of the mold is about 22.73 Kgf / mm 2, which is set to a value lower than the deformation resistance value of the mold material at a temperature of 950 ° C.
上記の加圧は、所定の上下金型接近距離に達した時点に
て停止させた。そして、その所要時間は15分であり、こ
の鍛造所要時間は、従来の恒温鍛造方法によるものに比
較し、大幅に短縮されたものであった。The above-mentioned pressurization was stopped when a predetermined approach distance between the upper and lower molds was reached. The required time was 15 minutes, and this forging time was significantly shortened as compared with the conventional constant temperature forging method.
なお、本実施例においては、液圧プレスの加圧圧力を50
00トンに設定したが、これは事前に、当該鍛造品の形状
・寸法と、Ti−6Al−4V合金の特性とに基く、シュミレ
ーションにより設定したものである。一方、本実施例に
おいては、予め液圧プレスのクロスヘッドに、その下降
量を検出して時間との相関にて記録する装置を取付け
て、その型鍛造過程における加圧速度および歪速度を、
その型鍛造終了後に解析して、事前設定値との差の確認
および補正ができるようにした。In this example, the pressure applied by the hydraulic press was set to 50
Although it was set to 00 tons, this was set beforehand by simulation based on the shape and dimensions of the forged product and the characteristics of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, a crosshead of the hydraulic press was previously equipped with a device for detecting the amount of descending and recording it in correlation with time, and the pressurizing speed and strain speed in the die forging process,
After the die forging was completed, analysis was performed so that the difference from the preset value could be confirmed and corrected.
上記熱間型鍛造にて得られた鍛造品は、所期の精密な寸
法・形状のもので、かつ、破断調査による内部品質も所
定の規格値を満足するものであり、本発明の優れた効果
が確認された。The forged product obtained by the hot die forging has a desired precise size and shape, and the internal quality obtained by the fracture examination also satisfies the predetermined standard value, which is excellent in the present invention. The effect was confirmed.
更に、上記熱間型鍛造にて得られたデータの解析結果よ
り、成形の進展により被成形材が金型のインプレッショ
ン内に充満するに従い、その歪速度が遅くなり、加圧全
ストローク中の後半1/3ストロークおける歪速度は、期
待値通りに、当該材料（Ti−6Al−4V合金）が超塑性挙
動に示す低歪速度域内であったことが追認された。Furthermore, from the analysis result of the data obtained by the hot die forging, as the material to be molded fills the impression of the mold due to the progress of molding, the strain rate becomes slower and the latter half of the entire pressing stroke It was confirmed that the strain rate in 1/3 stroke was within the low strain rate range in which the material (Ti-6Al-4V alloy) showed superplastic behavior, as expected.
なお、本実施例においては、金型の保持温度を、鍛造過
程における被成形材（Ti−6Al−4V合金）の変形による
温度上昇を考慮して、被成形材の加熱温度より低く設定
したが、これは一例であって、実施に際する金型の保持
温度は、対象とされる金属材料の特性と、その内部品質
を確保するための最適鍛造温度範囲とを考慮して設定さ
れる。In this example, the mold holding temperature was set lower than the heating temperature of the material to be molded in consideration of the temperature rise due to the deformation of the material to be molded (Ti-6Al-4V alloy) in the forging process. This is an example, and the holding temperature of the mold at the time of implementation is set in consideration of the characteristics of the target metal material and the optimum forging temperature range for ensuring the internal quality thereof.
以上に述べたように、本発明に係る熱間精密型鍛造方法
によれば、その鍛造過程における歪速度の制御を積極的
に行うことなく、チタン合金およびニッケル基高合金等
の難鍛造性の金属材料を精密な形状に成形ができ、もっ
て、そのための特別な設備を不要として設備費の高騰を
抑制し得、更には、鍛造所要時間を減少し得て、その生
産性の向上が図り得るものである。As described above, according to the hot precision die forging method according to the present invention, it is possible to control the difficult forgeability of titanium alloys and nickel-base high alloys without actively controlling the strain rate in the forging process. Metal material can be formed into a precise shape, so special equipment for it can be eliminated and the rise in equipment cost can be suppressed, and the time required for forging can be reduced, and its productivity can be improved. It is a thing.
第１図は本発明に係わる加圧力と加圧速度と歪速度との
相関を示すグラフ、 第２図は本発明の実施例の鍛造品の外観を示す斜視図、 第３図は従来の恒温鍛造方法に係わる加圧力と加圧速度
と歪速度との相関を示すグラフである。 Ｆ……加圧力、Ｖ……加圧速度、ε……歪速度。FIG. 1 is a graph showing a correlation between a pressing force, a pressurizing rate and a strain rate according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an appearance of a forged product according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a conventional constant temperature chamber. It is a graph which shows the correlation of the pressurizing force, the pressurizing rate, and the strain rate concerning the forging method. F ... Pressurization force, V ... Pressurization speed, ε ... Strain speed.
Claims (1)
度と略同温度に保持した金型を用い、液圧プレスによ
り、金型のインプレッション面に負荷される応力が該金
型材料の変形抵抗値を超えない範囲内の一定の加圧力
を、加圧開始時点より加圧終了までの間、継続して加え
ながら鍛造することを特徴とする熱間精密型鍛造方法。1. A mold in which a heated material to be molded is maintained at a temperature substantially the same as the heating temperature of the material to be molded, and the stress applied to the impression surface of the mold by hydraulic press is applied to the mold. A hot precision die forging method, characterized in that forging is performed while continuously applying a constant pressing force within a range not exceeding the deformation resistance value of the material from the start of pressing to the end of pressing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28296788A JPH07115106B2 (en) | 1988-11-09 | 1988-11-09 | Hot precision die forging method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28296788A JPH07115106B2 (en) | 1988-11-09 | 1988-11-09 | Hot precision die forging method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02133133A JPH02133133A (en) | 1990-05-22 |
| JPH07115106B2 true JPH07115106B2 (en) | 1995-12-13 |
Family
ID=17659451
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28296788A Expired - Lifetime JPH07115106B2 (en) | 1988-11-09 | 1988-11-09 | Hot precision die forging method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH07115106B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003103331A (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2003-04-08 | Toshiba Mach Co Ltd | Manufacturing method for metallic part and manufacturing device therefor |
| KR102150341B1 (en) | 2016-11-16 | 2020-09-01 | 미츠비시 히타치 파워 시스템즈 가부시키가이샤 | Nickel-based alloy mold and method for repairing the mold |
| CN108907049B (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2020-04-28 | 陕西宏远航空锻造有限责任公司 | Forging method for improving special TC4 titanium alloy structure performance |
| CN114433778B (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2024-07-19 | 陕西宏远航空锻造有限责任公司 | Method for forging TC4 (special) titanium alloy forging |
-
1988
- 1988-11-09 JP JP28296788A patent/JPH07115106B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH02133133A (en) | 1990-05-22 |
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