JPH0692044B2 - NC compound automatic lathe - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Industrial field of application> The present invention is directed to front face machining of a workpiece by a plurality of tools (hereinafter,
Mainly called) and NC compound automatic lathes that perform back surface processing.

<Prior Art> Conventionally, in an NC compound automatic lathe, main processing and back surface processing of a work have been performed by a method as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, for example.

In other words, the first method shown in FIG. 10 is that the headstock 81 slides in the Z1 direction while rotating the spindle that chucks the workpiece, and in the case of main machining, the tool rest 8 that constitutes the comb-shaped tool post 8
This is done by moving 2,83 in the X1 and X2 directions, respectively.

On the other hand, when performing back surface machining, immediately before the work chucked by the spindle is cut off, the back spindle stock 84 moves in the Z2 direction, the work spindle w receives the work w, and the back spindle stock 84 moves in the X3 direction. Then, the back surface is processed by the fixed tool post 85 equipped with the back surface processing tool.

Further, the second method shown in FIG. 11 has a headstock 91 that operates in the same manner as that described above, and when the main machining is performed,
The turret type tool rests 92 and 93 of the stand move in the X1 and X2 directions respectively to perform the main machining.

On the other hand, when performing the back machining, as in the first case, the back spindle 94 moves in the Z1 direction toward the spindle stock 91, and the back spindle receives the work, where the two turret type tool rests 92 are provided. Back processing is performed with a back processing tool attached to either one of the 93 and 93.

<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> However, in the first method, since the main machining is performed only by the comb-tooth tool rest, there is an advantage that the cycle time for tool selection is short and the cutting accuracy is good. However, there are problems that the number of tools is limited and the number of tools becomes insufficient, and that the degree of freedom in machining is small.

In the second method, the turret type tool post is
Since a tool is used, many tools can be installed, but since indexing rotation is performed for tool selection, the speed and accuracy of tool selection are poor compared to the comb-shaped tool rest, and there is the problem that tool selection takes time. It was

In particular, when performing back surface machining such as back hole drilling of a work chucked on the back spindle with a turret type tool post, if there is an error in the turret indexing or an error in the tool installed on the turret tool post, There was a problem that the processing accuracy was deteriorated because the misalignment and the core height of the cutting tool were not corrected.

Therefore, the invention described in claims 1 to 3 has been made in view of the above problems, and has a large degree of freedom in machining and is suitable for high-precision finishing, and at the same time, is an NC compound automatic lathe having good precision during back machining. The purpose is to provide.

<Means for Solving the Problems> In order to solve the above problems, the invention according to claim 1 has a spindle for inserting a workpiece and projecting a front end of the workpiece to chuck the spindle, and centering the spindle around the spindle. And a headstock that is rotated on the one side of the front end of the work, and a tool post that is radially arranged to move toward the center of the work (hereinafter, referred to as a comb-shaped tool post), and the work. A multi-blade turret provided on the other side of the front end portion at a position facing the comb-shaped turret, and moving the multi-blade turret toward the workpiece center and in a direction orthogonal to the axis of the spindle. It has a multi-blade moving means, a back spindle for chucking the front end of the work piece in a direction opposite to the spindle, and a back spindle stock for supporting the back spindle.

Further, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 2 is the NC compound automatic lathe according to claim 1, which is on a plane orthogonal to the axis of the main shaft, and which includes the multi-edged turret. The rear headstock is moved in a direction intersecting the moving direction, and the movements of the multi-blade tool post and the back headstock are controlled by a numerical control means.

Furthermore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 3 is the NC compound automatic lathe according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the multi-blade tool post is a turret type tool post. .

<Operation> According to the configuration of the invention described in claim 1, one having the main shaft and the back main shaft, and one side of the front end portion of the workpiece, which is the processing portion of the workpiece, is provided with the comb-teeth type tooth base with good machining accuracy. A multi-blade turret on which a large number of tools can be mounted is provided on the other side of the front end of the work and at a position facing the comb-teeth turret.

Therefore, the comb-teeth tool post is used for finishing, and the multi-edged tool post allows rough cutting, internal turning, lateral drilling, back hole drilling, back turning, and the like, thus increasing the degree of freedom in machining.

Further, in the invention described in claim 2, in addition to the operation described in claim 1, the moving direction of the rear headstock and the moving direction of the multi-blade tool rest by the multi-blade moving means are the axis of the main shaft. Since the movements of the multi-blade turret and the back spindle head are controlled by intersecting on orthogonal planes and the numerical control means, even if there is a tool mounting error in the multi-turret turret, the tool tip of the multi-blade turret It is possible to correct the error by matching the position of and the processed portion of the work.

Further, in the invention described in claim 3, in the NC compound automatic lathe described in claims 1 and 2, since the multi-blade tool post is a turret type tool post, the above-mentioned claims 1 and 2
In addition to the operation described in, even if there is a turret indexing error or a mounting error in the tool attached to the turret tool post, the tool tip position of the turret type tool post and the work processing part should be matched. The error can be corrected.

Especially, when a tool such as a drill for back hole drilling is attached to the turret tool post and the hole is drilled in the center of the back surface of the work chucked by the back spindle, misalignment and center height can be corrected and the work can be centered. Be accurate.

<Example> An example of an NC compound automatic lathe adopting the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

However, FIGS. 1 to 4 are a plan view, a front view, a sectional view taken along the line III-III and a sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 1, respectively, of FIGS.
The figures are a side view and a cross-sectional view showing the detailed configuration of the comb-shaped tool post which constitutes this NC compound automatic lathe. Therefore, referring to FIG. 1 to FIG. 2 to FIG. The structure of the lathe will be explained.

First, as shown in FIG. 1, this NC compound automatic lathe includes a spindle 5 for chucking a work w and a back spindle 4, a comb-shaped tool post 2 for machining the work w, and a multi-blade tool post on a bed 5 as shown in FIG. Is provided with a turret type tool post 3 and a front tool post 7 (see FIG. 2). In the present embodiment, the turret type tool post is used as the multi-edged tool post, but the multi-edged tool post is not limited to the turret type tool post in the present invention, for example, three back tools and one front processing bite. It may have a structure such as attached.

As shown in FIG. 1, the spindle 1 is for inserting the workpiece w and projecting the front end of the workpiece w for chucking. The spindle 1 is rotatably supported by the spindle head 11, and the spindle head 11 is placed on the bed 5. The guide groove is provided to feed the work w by moving it in a direction parallel to the axis of the work w (Z1 direction in the drawing) (see FIG. 2). The main shaft 1 is rotated by driving the main shaft rotating motor 12, and the main shaft 1 is moved in the Z1 direction by driving the Z1 direction moving mechanism 14. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a position coder 15 for detecting the rotational position (indexing position) of the spindle 11 is attached to the upper part of the spindle stock 11.

A guide bush 13 is provided in front of the main spindle 1, and a turret type tool rest 3 is provided on one side of the front end of the work w protruding from the guide bush 13, while around the front end of the work w. There is provided a comb-tooth-shaped tool rest 2 in which a plurality of tool rests 21a to 21d are radially arranged in a portion other than the moving region of the turret-type tool rest 3 (see FIG. 4).

As shown in FIG. 5, this comb-tooth-shaped tool rest 2 has four tool rests 21a to 21d, on which various cutting tools 22a to 22d are mounted, arranged radially around the work w at equal angular intervals (45 °). The cutting edges of the cutting tools 22a to 22d are arranged so as to be movable toward the center of the work w. In addition, 23 'in the figure
Is a turret mounting part that allows a new turret to be mounted to this part when the turret type turret 3 is attached and detached and this NC compound automatic lathe is used.

As shown in FIG. 5, the tool rest 21a is directly driven by the comb tooth-shaped tool rest moving motor 20 to move, while the tool rests 21b to 21d transmit the movement of the tool rest 21a via the link mechanism L. It is configured to move.

That is, the link mechanism L is a deformation T rotatably supported by the tool rest base 23 fixed to the bed 5 as shown in FIG.
It is composed of L-shaped levers A and B, and a link C which is a connecting rod connecting the levers A and B. The link mechanism L connects the lever A to the tool rests 21a and 21b and the lever B to the tool rests 21c and 21d, and the movement of the tool rest 21a is transmitted to the tool rest 21b and the link C via the lever A. On the other hand, it is also transmitted to the tool rest 21c and the tool rest 21d via the lever A, the link C and the lever B.

Next, the configuration of each turret 21a to 21d will be described.
Since the configurations of the tool rests 21b, 21c, 21d except a are the same, only the configurations of the tool rests 21a and 21b will be described with reference to the sectional views.

First, the tool rest 21a is, as shown in FIG.
A guide table 23a is provided on the slider 24a on the guide table 23a.
Slides in the workpiece w direction, that is, in the direction of the arrow X1a in the figure,
It is configured to cut the work w.

In other words, the tool base 23 below the tool rest 21a is provided with the comb tooth tool moving motor 20, and the rotating shaft 20a of the comb tool moving motor 20 and the ball screw 25a are connected via the coupling 26a. Has been done.

Then, a nut 28a to be screwed with the ball screw 25a is fixed to the lower side portion of the slider 24a, and the comb-shaped tool post moving motor 20
The rotation of the slider 24a causes the slider 24a to slide in the X1a direction.

A tool holder 27a having a tool 22a mounted on the slider 24a is provided on the side close to the work w, and on the opposite side, a connecting portion for connecting the lever A is provided.
29a is fixed with screws.

Next, in the tool rest 21b of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the slider 24b is placed on the guide base 23b in the work w direction, that is, in the figure.
The work w is cut by moving it in the X1b direction. Further, the tool rest 21b can be configured such that the cutting tool 22b can precede the cutting tools of other tool holders in the direction of the center of the work w, and can be retracted from the center of the work w when the tool 22b moves and reaches a predetermined position. There is.

That is, the slider 24b slides on the guide base 23b provided on the tool rest base 23 as described above, and the three springs 27b built in the guide base 23b always keep the work. It is attached in a state in which it is biased in a direction away from w.

On the slider 24b, in addition to the bite holder 24b 'having the bite 22b mounted thereon, a connecting portion 29b to which an external force for moving the tool rest 22b from the lever A is transmitted, a selection cylinder 25b, and an adjusting screw 26b. And are provided.

The connecting portion 29b is connected to the lever A, and the rod 2
Piston 28b in selection cylinder 25b which will be described later via 8 '
It is connected to the slider 24b and fixed on the slider 24b. The external force from the lever A is not directly transmitted to the slider 24b, and the rod 28
It is transmitted to the slider 24b via b'and the selection cylinder 25b.

Further, the selection cylinder 25b has a built-in piston 28b connected to the rod 28 ', and switches the hydraulic pressure of the cylinder chambers 25b', 25 "based on a command from a cylinder control circuit (not shown). The selection cylinder 25b changes the position of the piston 28b by switching the hydraulic pressure, and moves back and forth relatively to the piston 28b or the connecting portion 29b, and the slider 24b is advanced in advance in the center direction of the work w to cut the cutting tool 22b. Involved (choose a turret),
Further, the cutting tool 22b has been preceded in advance, and acts to retract (return the tool rest) when reaching a predetermined position.

Further, the adjusting screw 26b is attached to the lower end of the selecting cylinder 25b with the tip of the adjusting screw 26b abutting against the rear end surface of the slider 24b, and its rotation changes the attaching position of the selecting cylinder 25b on the slider 24b, so that the blade can be cut beforehand. The cutting tool 22b of the table 21b precedes the cutting tools of the other turrets in the work w direction.

The above is the description of the configuration of the comb-shaped tool post 2, and then returning to FIG. 1, the turret-shaped tool post 3, the back spindle 4,
The front tool post 7 and the control unit of this automatic lathe will be described in order.

First, this turret type tool post 3 is called an octagonal turret, and currently has tools 32a to 32d such as four cutting tools and drills.
Are mounted radially (see FIG. 4), but as described later, up to 9 tools can be mounted (8th
(See the figure), the indexing rotation is performed and the tool used for machining is set at a predetermined machining position.

In other words, this turret type turret 3 is supported by the turret turret base 36.
A dividing motor 33 for dividing and rotating the turret type tool rest 3 for indexing, and a turret tool rotating motor 34 for giving a rotating force to the tools 32a to 32d are attached to the 36.

The turret tool post base 36 is attached so as to be slidable on the bed 5 in the work w direction, that is, in the X2 direction in the figure. The turret tool post base 36 moves the turret type tool post 3 in the X2 direction. There is provided an X2 direction moving mechanism 35 as a turret moving means including a servo motor, a ball screw and the like.

Next, the configurations of the back spindle 4 and the front tool post 7 of this embodiment will be described.

First, as shown in FIG. 1, the back spindle 4 chucks the work w from the opposite direction to the spindle 1, and is rotatably supported by the back spindle stock 41.

The back spindle 41 is attached to a back spindle slider 49, and this slider 49 has a rear spindle 4 in addition to the back spindle 41.
From the back main spindle rotation motor 43 for rotating the tool, the front tool post 7 to which the three fixed tools 7a to 7c for drilling the front end surface of the work w are adhered, and the tools 7a to 7c of the front tool post 7 A cylinder 46 for selecting one of them and moving the selected one in the work w direction by hydraulic control is attached (see FIG. 2).

The rear spindle slider 49 is placed in the direction of the workpiece w (see the figure).
It is installed so that it can move in the Z2 direction), and can move in a direction orthogonal to the same direction and inclined by 45 ° with respect to the horizontal direction (X3 direction in the figure) as shown in Fig. 3 (3rd direction). See figure).

That is, as shown in FIG. 3, on the bed 5, there is fixed a rear main spindle fixing base 48 having an inclined surface which is inclined by 45 ° with respect to the horizontal direction and is parallel to the X3 direction. Guide 4 for moving the rear spindle table 49a in the Z2 direction
8a is provided.

Then, as shown in the figure, the back spindle table 49a is guided by the Z2 direction moving mechanism 44 on the guide base 48a in a state of being inclined at 45 ° with respect to the horizontal direction, and thus the axial direction of the work w, that is, Z2. It is configured to be moved in the direction.

Further, a guide surface in the X3 direction is formed on the rear spindle table 49a, and the rear spindle slider is placed on the guide surface.
49 is attached so as to be movable in the X3 direction by driving the X3 direction moving mechanism 45.

Below the rear spindle fixed base 48, a leg portion 51 supporting the bed 5 and a removable coolant tank 52 are provided (see FIG. 2). The coolant tank 52 collects and discharges chips during processing of the workpiece w, and is provided with two types of filters 52a and 52b for filtering cutting oil of the chips (see FIG. 3).

Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the bed 5 is provided with a drop opening 47 so that the chips are accumulated in the coolant tank 52 when the workpiece w is processed, and the legs 51 are provided with the chips to the coolant tank 52. A guiding slant 51a is provided (see FIG. 2).

Further, in FIG. 1, 61 is an operation box, and 62 is a control box with a built-in NC device.

The above is the description of the configuration of this NC compound automatic lathe.

Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described with reference to two machining patterns as a method of machining a work by the NC compound automatic lathe configured as described above.

1). Front drilling with the tool on the front turret 7.

In the case of this machining pattern, the front tool post 7 is moved in the Z2 direction by the Z2 direction moving mechanism 44, and is also moved in the X3 direction by the X3 direction moving mechanism 45 based on the X3 direction NC data of the tool 7a. Tools used for machining, such as tools
Position 7a such that the tool center is on the center line of the workpiece w.

Next, the tool 7a is selected by the cylinder 46. Then, the cylinder 46 moves the tool 7a to the front side, that is, the work w side so as to project from the other tools 7b, 7c and the back spindle 4, and the work w is processed by the tool 7a.

Then, the tools 7b and 7c can be sequentially moved to the center of the work to perform drilling.

2). Back hole drilling by the turret type tool post 3 after chucking the work w after being cut off on the back spindle 4.

This machining pattern is usually rough machining by the comb-tooth turret 2, the turret-shaped turret 3 and the front turret 7, finish machining and front face machining such as front hole drilling on the front end face of the workpiece w,
It is performed after the completion of secondary processing such as horizontal drilling, and processing of the work as shown in FIG. 9 is possible.

In addition, here, as shown in FIG. 8, this machining pattern is used for the rear surface drilling shafts 311a to 313a attached to the turret,
A turret type tool rest 3 equipped with three cutting tools and three horizontal drilling shafts will be described.

First, the tool 31 of the turret type tool post 3 as shown in FIG.
Centering is performed on each of the three back-face drilling axes, and the values are used as the positioning data for X3 and X2, respectively.

Then, the work w is cut off in the vicinity of the guide bush 13 by the cutting tool attached to the comb-tooth-shaped tool rest 2 or the turret-shaped tool rest 3.

At that time, the work w is chucked by the back spindle 4 just before the work w is cut off, and the work w is delivered.

That is, the above 1). Similar to the processing pattern of (1), the back spindle 4 is first positioned at the center of the work w by the X3 direction moving mechanism 45, and then moved in the work w direction by the Z2 direction moving mechanism 44 (see FIG. 1).

The back spindle 4 is rotated by the back spindle rotation motor 43 in synchronism with the rotation of the spindle 1 to chuck the front end of the work w.

Next, the end surface, that is, the back surface formed by cutting in the cut-off work w, the three back surface drilling shafts 311a to 311a-3d of the tool 31a mounted on the turret type tool rest 3 shown in FIG.
Processing with 11c (of course, drilling may be performed with a rotary tool of the tool 32d shown in FIG. 4).

Therefore, in this embodiment, the back spindle 4 chucking the work w is moved by the X3 direction moving mechanism 45 in the X3 direction, that is, in the direction of the turret type tool rest 3 in the direction of 45 ° with respect to the horizontal direction (see FIG. 3). .

At the same time, the turret type turret 3 is divided into a motor 33
Is rotated (see FIG. 1) to move the tool used for drilling to a predetermined machining position, and the X2 direction moving mechanism 35 moves the tool in the X2 direction. In addition, in the turret type tool post 3 shown in FIG. 8, the predetermined machining position is the predetermined machining position of the tool 31a for back hole drilling, and the traveling direction of each tool is the movement direction of the back spindle 4. It is a position that intersects a certain X3 direction (see Fig. 8).

As a result, in the turret type tool rest 3 shown in FIG. 8, the turret type tool rest 3 is positioned from the rear surface drilling shaft 311a to the center of the work w, and then sequentially positioned at the positions of the two rear surface drilling shafts 312a and 313a. At that time, the rear hole drilling shafts 312a, 313a are
X2 and X3 are positioned at the position of the centering positioning data.

Therefore, even if there is an indexing error of the turret or a mounting error of the tool mounted on the turret tool post, the error can be corrected by changing the positioning data.

<Effect of the Invention> As described above, according to the invention of claim 1,
In an automatic lathe equipped with a main spindle and a back spindle, two turrets, a comb-shaped turret and a multi-blade turret, are provided. Therefore, for example, a finishing tool is attached to the comb-shaped turret, In addition, tools for rough cutting, horizontal hole drilling, back hole drilling, and back surface turning can be attached to the multi-blade turret, enabling high-precision finishing and significantly improving back-side processing accuracy.

Further, according to the invention described in claim 2, in the NC compound automatic lathe having a main shaft and a back main shaft, and two turrets of a comb-shaped turret and a multi-turret turret. The moving direction of the multi-blade tool post and the moving direction of the back headstock are intersected by and the movements of the multi-blade tool post and the back headstock are controlled by the numerical control means. Further, even if there is a tool mounting error in the multi-edged turret, the tool can be positioned and processed in a position where the error is corrected, and the back surface processing can be performed with high accuracy.

Further, in the invention described in claim 3, in the NC compound automatic lathe according to claim 1 and claim 2, since the multi-blade tool post is a turret type tool post, it is possible to increase the number of tools, The degree of self-mounting becomes large, and the process which was divided into two can be absorbed in one.

Also, even if there is a turret indexing error in the turret type tool post or a mounting error in the tool attached to the turret tool post, it is possible to improve the accuracy of the back surface processing because the tool is positioned and processed in a position where the error is corrected. it can.

Especially, when a tool such as a back hole drilling tool or a back turning tool (not shown) is attached to the turret tool post, and when performing back processing of the work chucked by the back spindle, misalignment and center height can be corrected. High precision back surface processing becomes possible.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an embodiment of an NC compound automatic lathe adopting the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view of the same embodiment, and FIG.
A sectional view taken along line III-III of the same embodiment in the drawing, and FIG.
Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV of the same embodiment, Fig. 5 is an enlarged side view of a comb-shaped tool rest in the same embodiment, and Fig. 6 is a partial sectional view taken along line VI-VI of the tool rest 21a in Fig. 5, FIG. 7 is a partial sectional view of the tool rest 21b in FIG. 5 taken along the line VII-VII, and FIG.
The figure is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the turret type tool post, FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the work w machined by this embodiment, and FIG. 10 is an example of a conventional front-face machining and back-face machining method. FIG. 11 is a simplified diagram showing another example of the conventional processing method. 1 …… spindle 2 …… comb-shaped turret (turret) 3 …… turret-shaped turret (multi-blade turret) 4 …… rear spindle 11 …… spindle 35 …… turret moving mechanism (multi-blade moving means) 41 …… Rear headstock 62 …… Control box (numerical control means)

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A spindle for inserting a workpiece and projecting a workpiece front end portion for chucking, a spindle stock for rotating the spindle about its axis, and a spindle provided on one side of the workpiece front end portion. , A radially arranged tool rest that moves toward the work center, a multi-blade tool rest provided at a position on the other side of the front end of the work that faces the tool rest, and the multi-blade tool Multi-blade moving means for moving the table toward the center of the work and in a direction orthogonal to the axis of the main spindle, a back spindle for chucking the front end of the workpiece from the opposite direction of the spindle, and a support for the back spindle. An NC compound automatic lathe having a rear headstock. 2. The NC composite automatic lathe according to claim 1, wherein the rear spindle headstock is on a plane orthogonal to the axis of the spindle and in a direction intersecting the moving direction of the multi-edged tool rest. An NC compound automatic lathe characterized by controlling the movement of the multi-blade tool post and the back headstock by numerical control means as well as moving. 3. The NC compound automatic lathe according to claim 1, wherein the multi-blade tool post is a turret type tool post.