JPH0647895A - Precision printing method and precision printing device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] [Purpose] To provide a precision printing method and a precision printing apparatus which can improve the edge shape of an image in printing and can make the surface of the image smooth, and which is most suitable for creating a precision pattern such as a color filter. To do. [Arrangement] An anaerobic UV curable ink 22 is used as a pattern ink formed on a plate, and U is transferred before the ink 22 is transferred to a support or a rubber blanket 26.
It is configured to include a step of performing V exposure and semi-curing.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a precision printing method capable of greatly improving an image shape, and more particularly to a precision printing method and a precision printing apparatus which are most suitable for precision patterning of liquid crystal color filters and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, printing means that ink is adhered to a relief plate made of metal or resin, and the ink is transferred to a support such as paper or plastic directly or via a rubber blanket to inexpensively make a large number of copies. Is a method of obtaining. Recently, attention has been paid to this printing method as a low-cost method for producing a liquid crystal color filter formed by forming a colored pattern on glass, and its application has been attempted. Especially when it comes to color filters for liquid crystals, unlike conventional printing, the support is a glass plate, and specifications such as shape and film thickness uniformity for the obtained image are also strict. Although some offset printing methods using intaglio and planographic printing are currently in practical use, they are used as liquid crystal color filters for TFT (Thin Film Transistor) and STN (Supertwisted Nematic) that have strict specifications for image shape. It is difficult to apply, and so far, it has been applied only as an amusement device such as an in-vehicle device or a game device whose specifications are not so severe.

[0003]

At present, there are two problems in printing that the edge shape of an image is disturbed and that the surface of the image is convex. That is,
As shown in FIG. 7, when the ink 11 adhered on the plate 10 is transferred to the blanket 12, the ink 11 adhered is not completely transferred to the blanket 12, but a part of the ink 11a is transferred onto the plate (cell The ink 11 that has remained in the upper part is transferred to the blanket 12 in half. In this state, when pressure is applied to the ink 11 transferred to the blanket 12 and transferred to a glass substrate or the like, the ink is non-uniformly divided and the film thickness of the obtained ink is not constant, resulting in blurring of image edges. Become. In addition, since it is usually necessary to repeat the above-mentioned transfer process several times in order to eliminate pinholes in the image, there is a problem in that the edges of the image are considerably protruded. Further, it is known that, according to the above-mentioned transfer, the cross-sectional shape of the ink printed on the glass plate or the like has a semicylindrical shape and the height thereof is not constant. Therefore, ST requiring a highly accurate inter-electrode distance
In order to use it as a liquid crystal color filter of N, a step of flattening the surface of the ink so as to make the thickness of the ink constant is required, which is very troublesome. Conventionally,
In order to improve the above problems, various studies have been added from the aspects of plate, blanket, and ink, but TFT and STN
The image quality has not yet been obtained to satisfy the corresponding filter specifications. An object of the present invention is to provide a precision printing method and a precision printing device which can improve the edge shape of an image in printing and can make the surface of the image smooth and which is most suitable for producing a precision pattern such as a color filter. is there.

[0004]

The invention according to claim 1 is
In direct printing in which printing is performed directly from the plate to the support, a step of directly irradiating the patterned ink formed on the plate with UV to semi-cure the ink is included. In the offset printing for printing from a plate through a blanket, the invention according to claim 2 irradiates the patterned ink formed on the plate with UV to semi-cure the ink,
After the pattern image is transferred to the blanket, UV is irradiated again to completely cure the semi-cured ink portion, and further, the completely cured image formed on the blanket is transferred to the support through the adhesive layer. And the step of fixing to. According to the third and tenth aspects of the present invention, the printing ink is an anaerobic UV curable ink having oxygen inhibition properties. In the inventions according to claims 4 and 11, the printing plate is a plate having a release layer. According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in direct printing in which printing is performed directly from the plate to the support, the anaerobic UV-curable patterned ink formed on the mold-released plate is directly irradiated with UV to form the ink. It includes a semi-curing step. According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in offset printing for printing from a plate through a blanket, the anaerobic UV curable pattern ink formed on the plate subjected to the mold release treatment is irradiated with UV to semi-cure the ink. Step, after transferring the pattern image to a blanket, UV irradiation again to completely cure the semi-cured ink portion, and further, the fully cured image formed on the blanket through the adhesive layer. Fixing on a support. According to the invention described in claim 7, in direct printing in which printing is performed directly from the plate to the support, a UV irradiating means is provided so that the pattern ink formed on the plate can be cured. According to the invention described in claim 8, in offset printing in which printing is performed from a plate through a blanket, UV irradiation means is provided so that ink can be cured on the plate and the blanket. According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in offset printing for printing from a plate through a blanket, UV irradiation means for irradiating UV so that ink can be cured on the plate and the blanket, and the UV irradiation means.
And a means for adhering the ink UV-cured by the irradiation means to the support through the adhesive layer. Claim 1
The invention described in 2 is an anaerobic U formed on a release-treated plate in direct printing in which the plate is directly printed on the support.
A UV irradiation unit is provided so that the V-curable pattern ink can be cured. According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in offset printing in which printing is performed from a plate through a blanket, the anaerobic U is applied on the plate and the blanket that have been subjected to release treatment.
UV that irradiates UV so that V-curable ink can be cured
It is provided with an irradiation means and a means for adhering the ink UV-cured by the UV irradiation means to the support through the adhesive layer. The invention according to claim 14 is the invention according to claim 1, 2,
The electronic component and the electronic device are produced by the precision printing method of 3, 4, or 5. The invention according to claim 15 is
An electronic component and an electronic device produced by the precision printing device according to any one of claims 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13.

[0005]

In the present invention, before the patterned ink formed on the plate is transferred to the support or blanket, UV
The step of exposing and semi-curing is included. Therefore, since the ink on the plate is entirely carried to the blanket or the like, it is possible to print with a uniform film thickness in a single operation, so that the edge shape of the image can be improved and the surface of the image can be smoothed.

[0006]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Description of Principle First, the basic idea of the present invention will be described. First, in printing, the factors that cause a problem of the edge shape of the image and the surface irregularity are as follows. That is, even if the ink is normally patterned on the plate, when the ink is transferred to the blanket or directly to the support, the ink is dry,
Cohesive failure occurs between the ink phases, resulting in non-uniform division of the ink (see FIG. 7). This non-uniformly divided ink is pressed with a certain pressure on the blanket or the support, resulting in a distorted image. By the way,
Needless to say, the higher the number of transfers, the worse the image quality.

Therefore, the present inventor cures an image in advance before transferring the ink patterned on the plate to a support or a blanket, and then performs a transfer process to obtain an image on the ink plate surface. I thought it might be transcribed. However, in that case, if the ink is completely cured on the plate, the ink cannot be removed from the plate and cannot be transferred. Therefore, there is a device to enable both curing and transfer of ink. Therefore, we focused on the anaerobic UV (ultraviolet) curable ink, which has the property that it does not cure where the ink is exposed to the atmosphere but completely cures inside the ink. It was used as a pattern-shaped ink formed in 1. and was configured to include a step of exposing the ink to UV and semi-curing it before transferring it to a support or a blanket. As a result, it was found that the cured image was entirely transferred onto the support or blanket without splitting between the cured image ink phases, thus completing the present invention. The obtained image had the same shape as that formed on the plate surface, and the surface irregularities were smooth. That is, since all the ink on the plate can be transferred onto the blanket or the support, it is possible to print with the film thickness as designed, in a single operation, so that the edge shape of the image can be improved and the surface of the image can be smoothed. It became possible.

Conventionally, in the case of printing with UV ink, the ink is formed on the support and then exposed to UV for curing, but at that time, although the inside is cured, the surface becomes uncured due to the influence of oxygen inhibition, Therefore, there has been a problem of defective printing called backing. In the present invention, the conventional physical properties of these UV inks are used as an opposite idea.

Further, in the present invention, in addition to the use of the anaerobic UV ink having the oxygen-inhibiting curing as described above, by combining the steps of pre-curing the anaerobic UV ink on the plate surface, the image quality is improved and the transfer step is performed. At the same time, it has a great feature in making it possible.

Further, in the claims of the claims, UV
There is a step of semi-curing the ink by exposing it. Here, semi-curing means that when UV is applied to the ink, only the surface layer where the ink directly contacts the air is uncured or semi-cured, and the inside or the air. The ink that does not come into contact refers to the properties of completely cured ink. Embodiments FIGS. 1 to 6 are views showing an embodiment of a precision printing method and a precision printing apparatus according to the present invention, which are applicable to any plate type such as letterpress, flat plate, intaglio, silk screen plate and meshless metal mask plate. Is also applicable. 1 to 6 show an application method in each plate type. At that time, the method of applying the ink to the plate is classified into two types, an ink pressing type as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 and an ink selective adhesion type as shown in FIGS.

First, the case of an intaglio plate of the ink pressing type will be described. In FIG. 1A, as the intaglio plate, a glass or metal plate is used which is photoetched to form a hole. The concave plate 21 is made of cured U
The surface of the intaglio 21 may be coated (21a) with a silicone coating agent or a fluorine-based coating agent so that the V ink can be easily transferred. As the ink used here, the UV curable ink 22 is used as described above, but it is an anaerobic U that cures without air (in particular, oxygen).
Any V-curable ink can be used. The anaerobic ink used here is generally more or less anaerobic in an ink photocurable by a radical reaction. From this point of view, all UV inks containing various acrylate-based photopolymerizable oligomers and monomers that are commonly used as ink binders can be applied,
In particular, the degree of anaerobic property varies depending on the selection of the photoinitiator or the thermal polymerization inhibitor in the ink composition, the amount of the addition, and the wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp.

Next, after the ink 22 is deposited on the intaglio plate 21, the ink 2 other than the ink which has entered the recess by the doctor 23.
2 is scraped.

Then, as shown in FIG. 1B, the ink 22 thus embedded on the intaglio 21 is irradiated with UV (ultraviolet) light 24, and the ink 22 is completely cured except for the ink surface layer 22b. . In this case, normally the ink surface is sufficient, but when a glass plate is used as the intaglio plate 21 as in this embodiment, UV25 is also applied from the back surface.
It is also possible to accelerate curing. In that case, U
When V is irradiated only from the back surface of the glass, the ink does not necessarily have to be anaerobic, and even if a normal UV ink is used, the ink portion that has been irradiated is in a semi-cured state and the ink is not laid on the rubber blanket 26. Can also be completely transferred.

Then, as shown in FIG. 1 (c), after the UV irradiation is completed, the transfer operation is started. Here, the rubber blanket 26 is selected as the transfer body. Rubber blanket 26
When is rotated under pressure, the semi-cured ink 22 is completely transferred to the rubber blanket 26. Note that, in FIG. 1, the rubber blanket 26 has a small diameter and the ink 22 has a large thickness for convenience of description, but in reality, the rubber blanket 26 has a very large diameter, so that it is larger than the plate surface. The ink 22 is brought into contact with each other in a plane, and the ink 22 is transferred to the rubber blanket 26 with the shape as it is embedded in the intaglio 21. The rubber blanket 26 used here may be any as long as it has chemical resistance to UV ink and has a flat surface, and a blanket of silicone rubber or NBR rubber is particularly preferable.

Next, in FIGS. 1D and 1E, the ink 22 transferred to the rubber blanket 26 is retransferred to the glass substrate 27 to be transferred. Here, the adhesive 28 is applied on the glass substrate 27 in advance.
As the adhesive / adhesive 28 used here, an ordinary thermoplastic adhesive can be used, but since the liquid crystal color filter is required to have heat resistance, a heat-curable or photocurable heat-resistant adhesive / adhesive is used. preferable. That is, conventionally, since a dry ink is used, a retransfer adhesive is not necessary, but in the present embodiment, the adhesive 28 is required to retransfer the cured ink 22. In this embodiment, the adhesive 28 is applied on the glass substrate 27, and the ink 2 is applied thereon.
However, instead of this, the adhesive 22 may be applied 28a to the transfer surface of the ink 22 and then transferred to the glass substrate 27 at the stage of FIG. In addition, as a method of curing the uncured image layer attached to the surface of the rubber blanket 26, a method of irradiating with UV29 at the stage of FIG. 1D and then transferring to the glass substrate 27, and a method shown in FIG. There is a method of irradiating with UV30 while transferring to the glass substrate 27, but any method is possible. Further, although it is preferable to cure the uncured image layer attached to the surface of the rubber blanket 26, the ink 22 layer is left uncured to form the glass substrate 27.
It is also possible to transfer to. Although a precise printed image can be obtained as described above, by repeating the same procedure four times, a precise pattern of R, G, B and Black can be obtained, which is used for a liquid crystal color filter compatible with TFT and STN. It became possible to do. Further, it can be applied to resist printing of ultra-high-definition wiring such as printed circuit boards, thin film hybrid ICs, IC packages, conductor printing of modules, element materials of ultra-small sensors, and electrode materials.

Next, a meshless metal mask or screen plate can be realized in the same manner as the intaglio plate of FIG. That is, although a meshless metal mask or a silk screen can be used as the plate, the meshless metal mask 31 shown in FIG. 2A is preferable in terms of accuracy. In that case, the meshless metal mask 31 is also better in that the mask formed by the electroforming process is more accurate than the one formed by the photo etching process in that the mask can be formed with higher accuracy. This metal mask 31
2 is placed on a glass substrate 32 whose surface is treated with silicone or Teflon as shown in FIG.
The V-curable ink 22 is squeezed and embedded. Also in the case of the metal mask 31 plate, it is desirable that the metal surface is treated with silicone or Teflon 21a so that the cured UV ink can be easily transferred as in the case of the glass intaglio plate 21.

Then, as shown in FIG. 2 (c), the ink 22 thus embedded in the metal mask 31 is irradiated with UV 33 to cure the ink 22. In this case, as in the case of the intaglio 21, UV may be irradiated from the back surface of the glass substrate 32 to accelerate the curing.

Next, the transfer operation shown in FIG. 2D is started, and the rubber blanket 26 is selected. Rotate while pressing the rubber blanket 26,
The hardened ink 22 is completely transferred.

Next, in FIGS. 2E and 2F, the ink 22 transferred to the rubber blanket 26 is retransferred to the glass substrate 27 to be transferred. In this case, as a method of curing the uncured image layer adhered to the surface of the rubber blanket 26, as in the case of the intaglio plate, U at the stage of FIG.
Both a method of irradiating with V34 and then transferring to the glass substrate 27 and a method of irradiating with UV35 while transferring to the glass substrate 27 as shown in FIG. 2 (f) are possible. The adhesive may be applied to the substrate 27 in advance, but it is applied to the ink surface (2
8a). In this embodiment, the description is made on the premise of transfer via a blanket, but when a meshless screen is used, it is possible to print directly on glass. That is, although the meshless screen is placed on the processing substrate 32 in FIG. 2, the meshless screen is used as shown in FIGS. 3G, 3H, and 3I without using the processing substrate 32. Is directly placed on the substrate to be printed (here, on the glass substrate 27), the ink is also the ordinary photocurable ink 22, and after UV exposure the metal mask is removed to obtain a precise image on the glass (Fig. 3 (i)).

Next, the case of letterpress and planographic printing will be described. In the case of letterpress, a transparent resin plate 41 having a convex portion 41a is used in FIG. 4A, and ink 42 is placed on the convex portion 41a of the transparent resin plate 41. The letterpress used here has a certain selectivity for the ink 42. Therefore, it is necessary to slightly improve the plate and the ink. That is, in FIG. 4A, the ink cured by silicone or Teflon treatment on the surface of the convex portion 41a can be easily separated from the plate. Further, in addition to the anaerobic UV ink physical properties, it is desirable that the ink is a system containing a silicone oligomer or the like in order to increase the affinity with the plate.

Next, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), the ink 4 that has been deposited on the convex portion 41a of the transparent resin plate 41 in this manner.
2 is irradiated with UV43 to cure the ink 42 under exposure. Also in this case, it is possible to irradiate UV44 from the back surface of the transparent resin plate 41 as in the case of the intaglio plate or the like to further accelerate the curing.

Next, the transfer operation shown in FIG. 4 (c) is started, and the rubber blanket 26 is rotated while being pressed to transfer the hardened ink to the rubber blanket 26 in a complete form.

Next, in FIGS. 4D and 4E, the ink 42 transferred to the rubber blanket 26 is retransferred to the glass substrate 27 to be transferred. Further, as a method of curing the image layer adhered to the surface of the rubber blanket 26, UV45 at the stage of FIG.
Of irradiating the substrate with the light and then transferring it onto the glass substrate 27, and
UV while transferring to the glass substrate 27 as shown in (e)
There is a method of irradiating with 46, but either method is possible. Also,
The adhesive may be applied to the ink surface 28a in the same manner as in the case of applying it to the substrate 27 in advance or in the case of the intaglio plate.
In the case of letterpress, it is also possible to print directly from the plate to the support. That is, after UV exposure in FIG.
As shown in (g), the semi-cured ink 42 is applied to the glass substrate 2 from the plate.
7 may be directly transferred, or may be transferred via the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 28 as shown in FIG. In that case, when UV is irradiated only from the back surface of the transparent resin plate 41, the ink is in a semi-cured state even if the ink is not anaerobic UV ink, and therefore FIGS. 5 (f) and 5 (g). It was found that the image transfer can be performed as described in. Further, in direct printing, it is desirable to subject the plate surface to a mold release treatment, but transfer to the support after exposure on the plate surface is possible without treatment.

The planographic printing plate can also be realized in the same manner as the relief printing plate. In the case of the planographic printing plate, the PS plate 51 is used in FIG. 6A, and the ink 52 is selectively placed on the PS plate 51. Further, the plate used here is subjected to a treatment for imparting peeling performance to the cured ink 52. On the other hand, ink 5
In addition to the physical properties of anaerobic UV ink, No. 2 also needs a device such as a silicone oligomer to increase the resilience in order to have affinity with the plate.

Next, as shown in FIG. 6B, the ink 5
2 is irradiated with UV53 to cure the exposed ink 52.

Next, when the transfer operation shown in FIG. 6C is started and the rubber blanket 26 is rotated while being pressurized,
The semi-cured ink 52 is completely transferred to the rubber blanket 26.

Next, in FIGS. 6D and 6E, the ink 52 transferred to the rubber blanket 26 is retransferred to the glass substrate 27 to be transferred. In this case, as in the case of letterpress or the like, a method of irradiating with UV54 at the stage of FIG. 6D and then transferring to the glass substrate 27, and a method of transferring to the glass substrate 27 as shown in FIG. There is a method of irradiating with, but either method is possible. Further, when the ink image is transferred to the glass plate via the adhesive, the adhesive may be applied on the glass substrate 27 in advance or on the back surface of the ink, like the intaglio plate. Both are possible.

As described above, in this embodiment, the anaerobic UV curable ink 22 is used as the pattern ink formed on the plate, and before the ink 22 is transferred to the support or the rubber blanket 26. Since it is configured to include a step of UV exposure and semi-curing, the cured image does not split between the ink phases and the rubber blanket 2
6 can be completely transferred onto the surface of the plate 6, the shape as formed on the plate surface can be obtained, and the unevenness of the surface can be smoothed. That is, in the past, for example, when it was attempted to obtain an ink film thickness of 5μ, a plate depth of about 4 times was required, but in this embodiment, all the ink is transferred as it is to a blanket etc. It is possible to print at a desired ink film thickness with a single transfer. Therefore,
Conventionally, it is possible to reliably prevent the blurring of the edge shape of the image due to the ink splitting in the middle and the unevenness of the image surface due to repeated transfer, and to greatly simplify the complicated work process by multiple printing. Can be made. In particular, since the film can be made uniform, the film can be applied to liquid crystal filters of STN and TFT, which require a very strict film thickness distance, and the manufacturing cost can be remarkably reduced.

[0029]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, a step of exposing the patterned ink formed on the plate to UV and semi-curing it before transferring it to a support or a blanket is included. The edge shape can be improved and the surface of the image can be smoothed, and a precision printing method and a precision printing apparatus that are optimal for precision patterning of color filters and the like can be realized. Further, since the image obtained here is very precise, it can be applied to, for example, printed circuit boards, hybrid ICs, semiconductor packages, optical masks, etc. other than liquid crystal color filters.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a precision printing method using an intaglio plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a precision printing method using a metal mask in the example.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a precision printing method using a metal mask in the example.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a precision printing method using letterpress in the embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a precision printing method using letterpress in the example.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a precision printing method using a planographic printing plate in the example.

FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a defect of a conventional precision printing method.

[Explanation of symbols]

21 Intaglio 21a Teflon or silicone processed surface 22, 42, 22-1 UV curable ink 22b Ink surface layer (air contact part ink) 23 Doctor 24, 25, 29, 30, 33, 33 1, 34, 3
5,43,44,45,46,53,54,55 UV
(Ultraviolet) 26 Rubber blanket 27 Glass substrate 28, 28a Adhesive layer 31 Metal mask 32 Surface-treated glass substrate 41 Transparent resin plate 41a Plate surface (convex) 51 PS plate

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Akira Isomi 1006 Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor, Mikiya Shimada 1006 Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.

Claims (15)

[Claims] 1. A precision printing method comprising direct printing from a plate to a support to directly irradiate the pattern ink formed on the plate with UV to semi-cure the ink. Printing method. 2. In offset printing for printing from a plate through a blanket, a step of irradiating the pattern ink formed on the plate with UV to semi-cure the ink, and transferring the pattern image to the blanket. After that, the step of irradiating UV again to completely cure the semi-cured ink portion, and further the step of fixing the completely cured image formed on the blanket onto the support through the adhesive layer are included. Characteristic precision printing method. 3. The precision printing method according to claim 1, wherein the printing ink is an anaerobic UV curable ink having an oxygen inhibition property. 4. The precision printing method according to claim 1, wherein the printing plate is a plate having a release layer. 5. An anaerobic UV formed on a release-treated plate in direct printing in which the plate is directly printed on a support.
A precision printing method comprising a step of directly irradiating a curable pattern ink with UV to semi-cure the ink. 6. In the offset printing for printing from a plate through a blanket, a step of irradiating UV to an anaerobic UV curable pattern ink formed on a mold release-treated plate to semi-cure the ink, After the pattern image is transferred to the blanket, UV is irradiated again to completely cure the semi-cured ink portion, and further, the completely cured image formed on the blanket is transferred to the support through the adhesive layer. A method of precision printing, comprising the step of adhering to. 7. A precision printing apparatus comprising a UV irradiator so that the pattern ink formed on the plate can be cured in direct printing in which printing is performed directly from the plate to the support. 8. A precision printing apparatus comprising a UV irradiation means so that ink can be cured on the plate and the blanket in offset printing for printing from the plate through the blanket. 9. In offset printing for printing from a plate through a blanket, UV irradiation means for irradiating UV so that the ink can be cured on the plate and the blanket, and the ink UV-cured by the UV irradiation means are adhesively bonded. And a means for adhering to a support through an agent layer. 10. The precision printing apparatus according to claim 7, 8 or 9, wherein the printing ink is an anaerobic UV curable ink having an oxygen inhibition property. 11. The precision printing apparatus according to claim 7, 8 or 9, wherein the printing plate is a plate having a release layer. 12. An anaerobic U formed on a release-treated plate in direct printing in which printing is performed directly from the plate to a support.
A precision printing apparatus comprising a UV irradiation unit so that the V-curable pattern ink can be cured. 13. UV irradiation means for irradiating UV so that the anaerobic UV-curable ink can be cured on the mold-released plate and the blanket in offset printing for printing from the plate through the blanket, and the UV irradiation means. And a means for adhering the UV-cured ink to a support through an adhesive layer. 14. An electronic component and an electronic device produced by the precision printing method according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. 15. The method according to claim 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 1.
An electronic component and an electronic device created by the precision printing device according to any one of 2 and 13.